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[[Image:StateWelcomeCeremony.jpg|thumb|right|300px|During a State Arrival Ceremony on the [[South Lawn (White House)|South Lawn]] of the White House, the [[Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps]] parades in front of the dais.]] |
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{{See also|State dinner|State visit}} |
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The '''State Arrival Ceremony''' is a ceremony that takes place on the [[South Lawn (White House)|South Lawn]] of the [[White House]], the [[Official residence|official home]] and principal workplace of the [[President of the United States]], in which a visiting [[head of state]] or [[head of government]] is formally welcomed to the [[United States]]. The ceremony usually begins a [[state visit]], and is the setting of the initial contact between the two heads of state during the visit. |
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==History== |
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[[Image:StateWelcomeSouth.jpg|thumb|right|225px|A State Arrival Ceremony on the South Lawn viewed from the [[Truman Balcony]] with the [[Washington Monument]] and the [[Jefferson Memorial]] off in the distance.]] |
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The idea of a State Arrival Ceremony at the White House was first conceived by President [[John F. Kennedy]] in the spring of 1961. President Kennedy wanted to use the majestic setting of the White House for official welcomes, and to reconnect the modern presidency with the history of the early republic. For previous 20th-century administrations, the [[Chief of Protocol of the United States]] had begun a tradition of having the [[United States Secretary of State]] greet visiting heads of state at [[Andrews Air Force Base]] or sometimes at [[Union Station (Washington, D.C.)|Union Station]] in Washington D.C., with an [[honor guard]]. |
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President Kennedy envisioned a grand ceremony where the White House architecture and grounds would provide a stately setting for a welcome showcasing United States political and military history. President Kennedy worked with the Chief of Protocol and top military leaders on the form of the ceremony. An effort was made to find the right amount of pomp befitting a republic. For the first time, all five branches of the [[Military of the United States|United States Armed Forces]] were to be included, along with music, an invited audience, diplomatic officials, the press, and a [[21-gun salute|21-gun cannon salute]]. |
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The first State Arrival Ceremony at the White House took place on October 15, 1962 to greet President [[Ahmed Ben Bella]] of Algeria. In reviewing the first State Arrival Ceremony, President Kennedy was disappointed to find the honor guards, representing each branch of the United States Armed Forces, had been entirely white. All subsequent honor guards have made a point of being multi-racial as a reflection of the United States as a nation of changing demographics and immigration throughout much of its history. <ref>{{cite book |title=Designing Camelot: The Kennedy White House Restoration |publisher=Van Nostrand Reinhold |author=James A. Abbott and Elaine M. Rice |year=1998 |pages=9–10|isbn=0-442-02532-7}}</ref> |
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The ceremony evolved over time, and presidents have incorporated, altered, and omitted details. While President Kennedy had avoided the use of a brass fanfare, fearing they would be too regal, President [[Richard Nixon]] had new band uniforms with spiked helmets made, and began the tradition of brass fanfares for announcing the president. The spiked helmets were discontinued by President [[Gerald Ford]], but the brass fanfares continued, courtesy of the United States Army Herald Trumpets. |
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==Order of events== |
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[[Image:SouthLawn50States.jpg|thumb|225px|The [[Flags of the U.S. states|fifty state flags]] of the United States and several flags of overseas [[territories of the United States]] are held aloft by [[color guard|color guards]] in the [[United States Armed Forces]] for a review by a visiting head of state.]] |
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The five branches of the United States Armed Forces with their [[Colours, standards and guidons|colors]] are positioned throughout the South Lawn. The [[Flags of the U.S. states|flags of the fifty states]] and flags of overseas [[territories of the United States|United States territories]] are held aloft by members of the United States Armed Forces. Originally, the flags of the 50 states were positioned to the south, behind the honor guards. During the administration of President [[George W. Bush]], the flags were repositioned along the north edge of the curved drive. |
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Members of the [[Official Foreign Delegation]] are assembled, along with representatives of the three branches of the Federal Government, embassy staff of the guest country being honored, and the press. Invited guests, sometimes numbering over 4,000 people, include American citizens with ancestral links of the visiting head of state's country. The public are provided with small flags of the United States and of the visiting head of state's country, and an official program embossed with the [[Seal of the President of the United States]]. |
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The ceremony is carefully orchestrated, and involves the president and first lady waiting inside the [[Diplomatic Reception Room]] on the ground floor of the [[Executive Residence]] for word that the visiting head of state's [[Official state car|motorcade]] has approached East Executive Drive. On cue, the United States Army Herald Trumpets located on the state floor balcony of the South Portico, sound a trumpet volley, followed by a member of the diplomatic corps announcing, |
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{{cquote|Ladies and gentleman, the President of the United States, accompanied by the First Lady.}} |
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{{listen|filename=Four Ruffles and Flourishes (pause) and Hail To The Chief -short version-.ogg|title=Four ruffles and flourishes played before "Hail to the Chief"}} |
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The United States Army Herald Trumpets perform four ''[[ruffles and flourishes]]''. Honor guards will then open the doors of the White House and the president and first lady will emerge. ''[[Hail to the Chief]]'', the presidential fanfare, is immediately played by a [[service band]]. The president and first lady stand on the walk awaiting the visiting head of state's motorcade. |
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Shortly after the president and first lady enter the South Lawn, the guests' motorcade approaches and slows to a stop as a fanfare sounds. The visiting head of state and his or her spouse emerge. They are greeted by the president and first lady, and then move to a raised dais festooned with the United States colors and bunting. A member of the diplomatic corps will announce the playing of the visiting head of state's national anthem, preceded by four ruffles and flourishes. This is followed by the ''[[Star-Spangled Banner]]''. During the playing of the national anthems, a [[21-gun salute]] is fired for the visiting head of state by the Presidential Salute Guns Battery of the [[3d US Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard)|3d US Infantry Regiment "The Old Guard"]]. However, if the dignitary is a visiting head of government, a 19-gun salute will be fired. A maximum of three [[artillery|artillery pieces]], two primary and one backup, each with a two-man crew consisting of a loader and a gunner, will be supported by five staff members who give firing commands. The Presidential Salute Guns Battery will be located on [[President's Park|the Ellipse]]. |
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[[Image:HMHE2Rwhgov.jpg.jpg|thumb|right|225px|[[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom]] reviews [[honor guard]]s on the South Lawn at the White House during a State Arrival Ceremony held in her honor on May 7, 2007.]] |
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Following the performance of the two national anthems, the president and visiting head of state review honor guards. At this point depending on the pleasure or custom of the visiting head of state, they may greet the public by shaking hands, or simply walk by greeting with a nod or wave. |
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Next, the [[Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps]] dressed in 18th century colonial uniform, form a parade and march in front of the raised dais. The colonial song ''[[Yankee Doodle]]'' is performed at all State Arrival Ceremonies, except for when the visiting head of state is from the [[United Kingdom]]. |
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After the parade, the president formally welcomes the visiting head of state to the United States by speaking about the nature of the two nations' friendship, and often finishes with the word ''welcome'' in the visitors' language. Next, the visiting head of state will give a speech, which depending on language barriers, translation is required. Following these remarks, the president and the head of state will face the Commander of Troops who will indicate that the State Arrival Ceremony has concluded. |
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The president, first lady, the visiting head of state, and his or her spouse will enter the White House through the [[Diplomatic Reception Room]] on the ground floor. Next, a receiving line and reception will assemble in the [[Entrance Hall]] and [[Cross Hall]] on the state floor. Immediately thereafter, the president and the visiting head of state will proceed to the [[Blue Room (White House)|Blue Room]] where they will walk out onto the state floor balcony and wave to the crowds below who are standing on the [[South Lawn (White House)|South Lawn]]. Walking back inside to the Blue Room, gifts are formally exchanged by the president and the visiting head of state. Also, the visiting head of state will sign the White House guest book in order to document his or her visit. Finally, a private luncheon for the visiting head of state, his or her spouse, and other selected guests, will be hosted by the president and first lady in the [[President's Dining Room]] on the residence floor. Following a State Arrival Ceremony earlier in the day, it is customary during the evening that a [[state dinner]] or official dinner is held in honor of the visiting head of state or government. |
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==Gallery== |
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<gallery> |
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File:StateDinnerProgramWhiteHouseKuwaitAmir1968.jpg|An official program during the [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] administration for a State Arrival Ceremony welcoming the [[Emir of Kuwait]], 1968. |
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File:BettyFordNARA.jpg|President [[Gerald Ford]] and First Lady [[Betty Ford]] during a luncheon with [[Queen Elizabeth II]] and [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] in the President's Dining Room after the conclusion of a State Arrival Ceremony, 1976. |
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File:Mwai Kibaki & wife at White House, October 2003.jpg|President [[George W. Bush]] and First Lady [[Laura Bush]] greeting Kenyan President [[Mwai Kibaki]] and Kenyan First Lady [[Lucy Kibaki]] on the Executive Drive prior to a State Arrival Ceremony on the South Lawn, 2003. |
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File:ArroyoArrivalCeremony.jpg|A State Arrival Ceremony in progress on the South Lawn at the White House for Philippine President [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]], 2003. |
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File:Bushhujintao.jpg|President [[George W. Bush]], Chinese President [[Hu Jintao]], First Lady [[Laura Bush]], and Chinese First Lady [[Liu Yongqing]] seen waving from the state floor balcony at the White House, 2006. |
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File:20080416 Benedict XVI George W Bush birthday.jpg|[[Pope Benedict XVI]] seen celebrating his 81st birthday with President [[George W. Bush]] and First Lady [[Laura Bush]] in the Entrance Hall following a State Arrival Ceremony held in his honor, 2008. |
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</gallery> |
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==See also== |
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*[[State dinner]] |
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*[[State funeral]] |
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*[[State visit]] |
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==Notes== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==References== |
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{{More footnotes|date=November 2009}} |
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{{Refbegin}} |
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* Abbott James A., and Elaine M. Rice. ''Designing Camelot: The Kennedy White House Restoration.'' Van Nostrand Reinhold: 1998. ISBN 0-442-02532-7. |
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* Clinton, Hillary Rodham. ''An Invitation to the White House: At Home with History.'' Simon & Schuster: 2000. ISBN 0-684-85799-5. |
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* Garrett, Wendell. ''Our Changing White House.'' Northeastern University Press: 1995. ISBN 1-55553-222-5. |
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* Seale, William. ''The President's House.'' White House Historical Association and the National Geographic Society: 1986. ISBN 0-912308-28-1. |
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* West, J.B. with Mary Lynn Kotz. ''Upstairs at the White House: My Life with the First Ladies.'' Coward, McCann & Geoghegan: 1973. SBN 698-10546-X. |
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* ''The White House: An Historic Guide.'' White House Historical Association and the National Geographic Society: 2001. ISBN 0-912308-79-6. |
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{{Refend}} |
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==External links== |
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*[http://www.npc.navy.mil/NR/rdonlyres/6EBB9F7C-7082-48C8-A508-3FCC12E97493/0/4RFHailtotheChief.mp3 Ruffles and flourishes with "Hail to the Chief" (MP3)] |
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[[Category:Presidency of the United States]] |
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[[Category:White House Executive Residence Operations]] |
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[[Category:State ritual and ceremonies]] |
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[[Category:Diplomatic conferences|*]] |
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Latest revision as of 01:40, 31 October 2016
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