State Arrival Ceremony: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:StateWelcomeCeremony.jpg|thumb|300px|A state arrival ceremony held on the [[South Lawn (White House)|South Lawn]] at the [[White House]] with the [[Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps]] parading in front of a raised dais]] |
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A '''State Arrival Ceremony''' is a ceremony in which a foreign [[head of state]] or [[head of government]] is formally welcomed to the [[United States]]. It takes place on the [[South Lawn (White House)|South Lawn]] of the [[White House]], the [[official residence]] and principal workplace of the [[President of the United States]] in [[Washington D.C.]] The ceremony usually begins a [[state visit]], and is the setting of the initial contact between the two heads of state during the visit. State arrival ceremonies held in recent years are given media coverage by the public affairs TV channel, [[C-SPAN]]. |
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Similar arrival ceremonies formally welcoming foreign [[Defence minister|defense ministers]] on official visits to the United States are held with full military honors at [[the Pentagon]] in nearby [[Arlington County, Virginia]] and are hosted by the [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]]. |
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==History== |
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[[File:StateDinnerProgramWhiteHouseKuwaitAmir1968.jpg|thumb|right|225px|An official program during the [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] administration for a state arrival ceremony welcoming [[Sabah III Al-Salim Al-Sabah]], the [[Emir of Kuwait]] to the United States, 1968]] |
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The idea of a state arrival ceremony at the White House was first conceived by President [[John F. Kennedy]] in the spring of 1961. President Kennedy wanted to use the majestic setting of the White House for official welcomes, and to reconnect the modern presidency with the history of the early republic. For previous 20th-century administrations, the [[Chief of Protocol of the United States]] had begun a tradition of having the [[United States Secretary of State]] greet visiting heads of state at [[Andrews Air Force Base]] or sometimes at [[Union Station (Washington, D.C.)|Union Station]] in Washington D.C., with an [[honor guard]]. |
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President Kennedy envisioned a grand ceremony where the White House architecture and grounds would provide a stately setting for a welcome showcasing United States political and military history. President Kennedy worked with the Chief of Protocol and top military leaders on the form of the ceremony. An effort was made to find the right amount of pomp befitting a republic. For the first time, all five branches of the [[Military of the United States|United States Armed Forces]] were to be included, along with music, an invited audience, diplomatic officials, the press, and a [[21-gun salute]]. |
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The first state arrival ceremony at the White House took place on October 15, 1962 to greet President [[Ahmed Ben Bella]] of Algeria. In reviewing the first state arrival ceremony, President Kennedy was disappointed to find the honor guards, representing each branch of the United States Armed Forces, had been entirely white. All subsequent honor guards have made a point of being multi-racial as a reflection of the United States as a nation of changing demographics and immigration throughout much of its history.<ref>{{cite book |title=Designing Camelot: The Kennedy White House Restoration |publisher=Van Nostrand Reinhold |author=James A. Abbott and Elaine M. Rice |year=1998 |pages=9–10|isbn=0-442-02532-7}}</ref> |
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The ceremony evolved over time, and presidents have incorporated, altered, and omitted details. While President Kennedy had avoided the use of a brass fanfare, fearing they would be too regal, President [[Richard Nixon]] had new band uniforms with spiked helmets made, and began the tradition of brass fanfares for announcing the president. The spiked helmets were discontinued by President [[Gerald Ford]], but the brass fanfares continued, courtesy of the [[United States Army Band|United States Army Herald Trumpets]]. |
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==Order of events== |
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[[Image:SouthLawn50States.jpg|thumb|225px|The [[Flags of the U.S. states|fifty state flags]] of the United States and several flags of overseas [[territories of the United States]] are held aloft by [[color guard]]s in the [[United States Armed Forces]] for a review by a foreign head of state.]] |
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The five branches of the United States Armed Forces with their [[Colours, standards and guidons|colors]] are positioned throughout the South Lawn. The [[Flags of the U.S. states|flags of the fifty states]] and flags of overseas [[territories of the United States|United States territories]] are held aloft by members of the United States Armed Forces. Originally, the flags of the 50 states were positioned to the south, behind the honor guards. During the administration of President [[George W. Bush]], the flags were repositioned along the north edge of the curved drive. |
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Members of the [[Official Foreign Delegation]] are assembled, along with representatives of the three branches of the [[United States federal government|federal government]], embassy staff of the guest country being honored, and the press. Invited guests, sometimes numbering over 4,000 people, include American citizens with ancestral links of the foreign head of state's country. The public are provided with small flags of the United States and of the foreign head of state's country, and an official program embossed with the [[seal of the President of the United States]]. |
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The ceremony is carefully orchestrated, and involves the president and first lady waiting inside the [[Diplomatic Reception Room]] on the ground floor of the [[Executive Residence]] for word that the foreign head of state's [[Official state car|motorcade]] has approached East Executive Drive. On cue, the United States Army Herald Trumpets located on the state floor balcony of the South Portico, sound a trumpet volley, followed by a member of the diplomatic corps announcing, |
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{{cquote|Ladies and gentleman, the President of the United States, accompanied by the First Lady.}} |
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[[File:Hail to the Chief - U.S. Army Herald Trumpets.ogv|thumb|Four [[ruffles and flourishes]] followed by "[[Hail to the Chief]]", performed by the United States Army Herald Trumpets during State Arrival Ceremonies]] |
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The United States Army Herald Trumpets perform four [[ruffles and flourishes]]. Honor guards will then open the doors of the White House and the president and first lady will emerge. "[[Hail to the Chief]]", the presidential fanfare, is immediately played by a [[United States military bands|military band]]. The president and first lady stand on the walk awaiting the foreign head of state's motorcade. |
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Shortly after the president and first lady enter the South Lawn, the guests' motorcade approaches and slows to a stop as a fanfare sounds. The foreign head of state and his or her spouse emerge. They are greeted by the president and first lady, and then move to a raised dais festooned with the United States colors and bunting. A member of the diplomatic corps will announce the playing of the foreign head of state's national anthem, preceded by four ''ruffles and flourishes''. This is followed by the "[[Star-Spangled Banner]]". During the playing of the two national anthems, a [[21-gun salute]] is fired for the foreign head of state by the Presidential Salute Guns Battery of the [[3d US Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard)|3rd US Infantry Regiment "The Old Guard"]]. However, if the dignitary is a foreign head of government, a 19-gun salute will be fired. A maximum of three [[artillery|artillery pieces]], two primary and one backup, each with a two-man crew consisting of a loader and a gunner, will be supported by five staff members who give firing commands. The Presidential Salute Guns Battery will be located on [[The Ellipse]]. |
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[[Image:StateWelcomeSouth.jpg|thumb|right|225px|A state arrival ceremony on the South Lawn viewed from the [[Truman Balcony]] with the [[Washington Monument]] and the [[Jefferson Memorial]] off in the distance]] |
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Following the performance of the two national anthems, the president and foreign head of state review honor guards. At this point depending on the pleasure or custom of the foreign head of state, they may greet the public by shaking hands, or simply walk by greeting with a nod or wave. |
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Next, the [[Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps]], dressed in 18th century colonial uniform, form a parade and march in front of the raised dais. The colonial song "[[Yankee Doodle]]" is performed at all state arrival ceremonies, except when the foreign head of state is the reigning [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|monarch]] from the [[United Kingdom]]. |
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After the parade, the president formally welcomes the foreign head of state to the United States by speaking about the nature of the two nations' friendship, and often finishes with the word "welcome" in the visitors' language. Next, the foreign head of state will give a speech, for which, depending on language barriers, translation may be required. Following these remarks, the president and the foreign head of state will face the Commander of Troops who will indicate that the state arrival ceremony has concluded. |
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The president, first lady, the foreign head of state, and his or her spouse will enter the White House through the Diplomatic Reception Room on the ground floor. Next, a receiving line and reception will assemble in the [[Entrance Hall]] and [[Cross Hall]] on the state floor. Immediately thereafter, the president and the foreign head of state will proceed to the [[Blue Room (White House)|Blue Room]] where they will walk out onto the state floor balcony and wave to the crowds below who are standing on the [[South Lawn (White House)|South Lawn]]. Walking back inside to the Blue Room, gifts are formally exchanged between them. Also, the foreign head of state will sign the White House guest book in order to document his or her visit. Finally, a private luncheon for the foreign head of state, his or her spouse, and other selected guests, will be hosted by the president and first lady in the [[President's Dining Room]] on the residence floor. |
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Following a state arrival ceremony earlier in the day, it is customary during the evening that a [[state dinner]] or official dinner is held in honor of the foreign head of state or government. |
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==Galleries== |
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===State arrival ceremonies on the South Lawn=== |
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<gallery> |
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File:Marcos visit Johnson 1966.jpg|President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] and [[Lady Bird Johnson]] seen standing alongside Philippines President [[Ferdinand Marcos]] and Philippines First Lady [[Imelda Marcos]] during a state arrival ceremony, 1966 |
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File:Reception for West German Chancellor Willy Brandt on the south lawn of the White House. - NARA - 194311.tif|President [[Richard Nixon]] and West German Chancellor [[Willy Brandt]] reviewing a guard of honor on the [[South Lawn]], 1970 |
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File:BettyFordNARA.jpg|President [[Gerald Ford]] and First Lady [[Betty Ford]] during a luncheon with [[Queen Elizabeth II]] and [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] in the [[President's Dining Room]] after the conclusion of a state arrival ceremony during the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebrations, 1976 |
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File:Jimmy Carter and Shah of Iran inspect the troop during welcoming ceremony for the Shah. - NARA - 176850.tif|President [[Jimmy Carter]] and [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] reviewing a guard of honor on the South Lawn, 1979 |
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File:Photograph of President Reagan making remarks at the White House State Visit of Japanese Prime Minister Nakasone... - NARA - 198583.tif|President [[Ronald Reagan]] making remarks during the State Arrival Ceremony of Japanese Prime Minister [[Yasuhiro Nakasone]], 1987 |
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File:President_George_W._Bush_shakes_hands_with_President_Hu_Jintao.jpg|President [[George W. Bush]] and Chinese President [[Hu Jintao]] seen shaking hands after giving speeches on PRC-USA relations, 2006 |
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File:Obama and French President François Hollande at State Arrival.jpeg|President [[Barack Obama]] and French President [[François Hollande]] standing on a dais during the playing of the ''[[Star Spangled Banner]]'' by a military band on the South Lawn, 2014 |
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</gallery> |
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===Arrival ceremonies at the Pentagon=== |
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<gallery> |
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File:McNamara, Conmy and Tidemand.JPEG|Secretary of Defense [[Robert S. McNamara]] and the commander of troops, Colonel Joseph B. Conmy Jr., escort Norwegian Minister of Defense [[Otto Grieg Tidemand]] on an inspection of troops during a full honors arrival ceremony at The Pentagon, 1966. |
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File:HD-SC-98-07496.jpg|Secretary of Defense [[Caspar W. Weinberger]] hosting a full honors arrival ceremony at The Pentagon for the Dutch Minister of Defense, 1983. |
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File:Yitzhak Mordechai and William Cohen 2.jpg|Secretary of Defense [[William S. Cohen]] and the commander of troops, Colonel David H. Huntoon, escort Israeli Defense Minister [[Yitzhak Mordechai]] on an inspection of troops during a full honors arrival ceremony at the Pentagon, 1997 |
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File:U.S. Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates hosts an honor cordon arrival ceremony for Georgian Defense Minister Vasil Sikharulidze at the Pentagon (January 8, 2009).jpg|Secretary of Defense [[Robert M. Gates]] and Georgian Minister of Defense [[Vasil Sikharulidze]] ascending the steps of the Pentagon after participating in a full honors arrival ceremony, 2009 |
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</gallery> |
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==See also== |
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*[[State dinner]] |
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*[[State funeral]] |
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*[[State visit]] |
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==Notes== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==References== |
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{{More footnotes|date=November 2009}} |
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{{Refbegin}} |
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* Abbott James A., and Elaine M. Rice. ''Designing Camelot: The Kennedy White House Restoration.'' Van Nostrand Reinhold: 1998. ISBN 0-442-02532-7. |
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* Clinton, Hillary Rodham. ''An Invitation to the White House: At Home with History.'' Simon & Schuster: 2000. ISBN 0-684-85799-5. |
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* Garrett, Wendell. ''Our Changing White House.'' Northeastern University Press: 1995. ISBN 1-55553-222-5. |
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* Seale, William. ''The President's House.'' White House Historical Association and the National Geographic Society: 1986. ISBN 0-912308-28-1. |
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* West, J.B. with Mary Lynn Kotz. ''Upstairs at the White House: My Life with the First Ladies.'' Coward, McCann & Geoghegan: 1973. SBN 698-10546-X. |
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* ''The White House: An Historic Guide.'' White House Historical Association and the National Geographic Society: 2001. ISBN 0-912308-79-6. |
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{{Refend}} |
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==External links== |
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*[http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/Archives/JFKWHF-WHS24.aspx National Archives and Records Administration of one of the earliest arrival ceremonies on the South Lawn] |
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*[http://www.npc.navy.mil/NR/rdonlyres/6EBB9F7C-7082-48C8-A508-3FCC12E97493/0/4RFHailtotheChief.mp3 Ruffles and flourishes with "Hail to the Chief" (MP3)] |
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[[Category:Presidency of the United States]] |
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[[Category:White House Executive Residence Operations]] |
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[[Category:Diplomatic visits to the United States]] |
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Latest revision as of 01:40, 31 October 2016
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