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{{redirect|Casals|other people with this surname|Casals (surname)}} |
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{{Infobox musical artist |
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|Name = Pau Casals |
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|Img = Pablocasals.jpg |
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|Img_capt = |
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|Background = non_vocal_instrumentalist |
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|Birth_name = Pau Casals i Defilló |
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|Born = {{birth date|1876|12|29}}<br> [[El Vendrell, Catalonia]], [[Spain]] |
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|Died = {{death date and age|1973|10|22|1876|12|29}}<br>[[San Juan, Puerto Rico]] |
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|Instrument = [[Cello]] |
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|Genre = [[Classical Music|Classical]] |
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|Occupation = [[Cellist]], [[Conducting|conductor]], [[pedagogue]] |
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|Years_active = |
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|Notable_instruments = '''Violoncello'''<br>[[Matteo Goffriller]] 1700<br>[[Matteo Goffriller]] 1710<br>[[Carlo Annibale Tononi|Carlo Tononi]] 1730 |
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}} |
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'''Pau Casals i Defilló''' ([[December 29]] [[1876]] – [[October 22]], [[1973]]), best known during his professional career as '''Pablo Casals''', was a [[Catalan people|Catalan]] [[cellist]] and later conductor. He made many recordings throughout his career, of solo, chamber, and orchestral music, also as conductor, but Casals is perhaps best remembered for the recording of the ''[[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]]: [[Cello Suites (Bach)|Cello Suites]]'' he made from 1936 to 1939. |
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==Biography== |
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Casals was born in [[El Vendrell]], [[Catalonia]], [[Spain]]. His father, Carles Casals i Ribes (1852-1908), was a parish [[pipe organ]]ist and [[conducting|choirmaster]]. He gave Casals instruction in piano, violin, and organ. At age four Casals could play the violin, piano and flute. When Casals was eleven, he first heard the cello performed by a group of traveling musicians, and decided to dedicate himself to the instrument. |
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In 1888 his mother, Pilar Defilló de Casals, who was born in [[Mayagüez, Puerto Rico|Mayagüez]], [[Puerto Rico]] of Catalonian ancestry, took him to [[Barcelona]], where he enrolled in the ''Escola Municipal de Música''.<ref>{{cite web |
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|url = http://www.icp.gobierno.pr/zmh/zmh_noticias.htm |
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|title = Proyecto de Recuperación de la Casa Defilló |
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|publisher = Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña |
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|language = Espana |
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|date = |
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|accessdate = 2007-01-25 |
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}}</ref> There he studied cello, theory, and piano. |
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He made prodigious progress as a cellist; on February 23, 1891 he gave a solo recital in Barcelona at age of fourteen. He graduated from the ''Escola'' with honours two years later. |
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In 1893, the Spanish composer [[Isaac Albéniz]] heard him playing in a trio in a cafe and gave him a letter of introduction to the private secretary to [[María Cristina]], the Queen Regent, in [[Madrid]], [[Spain]]. Casals was asked to play at informal concerts in the palace, and was granted a royal stipend to study composition at the Conservatory de ''Musica y Declamacion'' in Madrid with [[Víctor Mirecki Larramat|Víctor Mirecki]]. He also played in the newly organized Quartet Society. |
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In 1895 he went to Paris, where, having lost his stipend from Catalonia, he earned a living by playing second cello in the theater orchestra of the ''Folies Marigny''. In 1896, he returned to Catalonia and received an appointment to the faculty of the ''Escuela Municipal de Música in Barcelona''. He was also appointed principal cellist in the orchestra of Barcelona's opera house, the [[Liceu]]. In 1897 he appeared as soloist with the [[Madrid Symphony Orchestra]], and was awarded the [[Order of Charles III and Saint Fernando|Order of Carlos III]] from the Queen. |
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===International career=== |
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In 1899, Casals played at [[The Crystal Palace]] in [[London]], and later for [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]] at her summer residence at Cowes, [[Isle of Wight]]. On November 12, 1899, he appeared as a soloist at a prestigious Lamoureux Concert in [[Paris]], and played at Lamoureux again on December 17, 1899, with great public and critical acclaim. He toured Spain and the [[Netherlands]] with the pianist [[Harold Bauer]] in 1900-1901; in 1901-1902 he made his first tour of the United States; and in 1903 toured [[South America]]. |
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#REDIRECT [[Pablo Casals]] |
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On January 15, 1904, Casals was invited to play at the [[White House]] for President [[Theodore Roosevelt]]. On March 9 of that year he made his debut at [[Carnegie Hall]] in New York, playing ''[[Richard Strauss]]'s [[Don Quixote (Strauss)|Don Quixote]]'' under the baton of the composer. In 1906 he became associated with the talented young [[Portugal|Portuguese]] cellist [[Guilhermina Suggia]], who studied with him and began to appear in concerts as Mme. P. Casals-Suggia, although they were not legally married. Their liaison was dissolved in 1912; in 1914 Casals married the American socialite and singer Susan Metcalfe; they were separated in 1928, but did not divorce until 1957. |
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Back in Paris, Casals organized a trio with the pianist [[Alfred Cortot]] and the violinist [[Jacques Thibaud]]; they played concerts and made recordings until 1937. Casals also became interested in conducting, and in 1919 he organized, in Barcelona, the Orquesta Pau Casals and led its first concert on October 13, 1920. With the outbreak of the [[Spanish Civil War]] in 1936, the Orquesta Pau Casals ceased its activities. |
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Casals was an ardent supporter of the [[Second Spanish Republic|Spanish Republican government]], and after its defeat vowed not to return to Spain until democracy was restored. |
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He settled in the French village of [[Prades, Pyrénées-Orientales|Prada de Conflent]], on the Spanish frontier; between 1939 and 1942 he made sporadic appearances as a cellist in the unoccupied zone of southern France and in [[Switzerland]]. So fierce was his opposition to the [[Francisco Franco]] dictatorial regime in Spain that he declined to appear in countries that recognized the authoritarian Spanish government, making an exception when he took part in a concert of [[chamber music]] in the [[White House]] on November 13, 1961, at the invitation of President [[John F Kennedy]], whom he admired. |
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Throughout most of his professional career, he played on a cello that was labeled and attributed to "Carlo [[Tononi]] ... 1733" but after playing it for 50 years it was discovered to have been created by the Venetian [[luthier]], [[Matteo Goffriller]] around 1700. It was acquired by Casals in 1913.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cozio.com/Instrument.aspx?id=2366 | title= Cello by Matteo Goffriller, 1700c (ex-Casals) | publisher=Cozio | accessdate = 2007-01-22}}</ref> |
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===Later years=== |
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[[Image:PresMedalFreedom.jpg|thumb|95px|left|Presidential Medal of Freedom]]In 1950 he resumed his career as conductor and cellist at the [[Prades, Pyrénées-Orientales|Prada]] Festival in [[Conflent]], organized in commemoration of the bicentennary of the death of Bach; he continued leading the Prades Festivals until 1966. Casals made his permanent residence in San Juan, Puerto Rico, where his mother was born when the island was under Spanish rule. The annual [[Casals Festival]] was inaugurated there in 1957. |
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On August 3, 1957, at 80, Casals married [[Marta Casals Istomin|Marta Montañez Martínez]], a younger student of his. They settled in the town of Ceiba and lived in a house called "El Pesebre". |
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In the 1960s, Casals gave many master classes throughout the world in places such as [[Zermatt]], [[Tuscany]], [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]], and [[Marlboro, Vermont|Marlboro]]. Several of these events were televised. |
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Casals was also a composer; perhaps his most effective work is ''La sardana'' (The [[Sardana]]), for an ensemble of cellos, which he composed in 1926. His oratorio ''El pesebre'' (The Manger) was performed for the first time in [[Acapulco]], [[Mexico]], on December 17, 1960. One of his last compositions was the ''Himne a les Nacions Unides'' (Hymn of the United Nations); he conducted its first performance in a special concert at the [[United Nations]] on October 24, 1971, 2 months before his 95th birthday. |
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Casals wrote a memoir, ''Joys and Sorrows; Reflections'' (1973). |
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Casals died in 1973 in [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]], at the age of 96. In 1979 his remains were laid to rest in his hometown of El Vendrell, Catalonia. He did not live to see the end of the Franco dictatorial regime, but he was posthumously honoured by the Spanish government under [[Juan Carlos I of Spain|King Juan Carlos I]], which issued in 1976 a commemorative postage stamp in honour of the [[centenary]] of his birth. |
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In 1989, Casals posthumously received the [[Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award]]. |
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== Legacy == |
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[[Image:Pau Casals centenary statue.jpg|thumb|230px|A [[centenary]] statue at [[Montserrat (mountain)|Montserrat]].]] |
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The International Pau Casals Cello Competition is held in Germany under the auspices of the Kronberg Academy once every four years, starting in 2000, in order to discover and further the careers of the future cello elite, and is supported by the Pau Casals Foundation, under the patronage of Marta Casals Istomin. One of the prizes is the use of one of the Gofriller cellos owned by Casals. |
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The first top prize was awarded in 2000 to [[Claudio Bohórquez]]. |
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==See also== |
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* [[:es:Autopista de Pau Casals|Highway of Pau Casals]], in Spanish |
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* [[List of Catalans]] |
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* [[List of famous Puerto Ricans]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==Further reading== |
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* ''Joys and Sorrows; Reflections'', Pau Casals, (1973) ISBN 0-671-21774-7 |
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* [[Song of the birds]], [[Julian Lloyd Webber]], (1985) ISBN 0-86051-305-X |
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==External links== |
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{{wikiquote}} |
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* [http://www.paucasals.org/ Pau Casals Foundation] |
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* {{allmusic|41:7147}} |
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* [http://www.elvendrell.cat/ Pau Casals' home town of El Vendrell] |
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* [http://www.histocat.cat/pdf/pau_casals_241071.pdf Pau Casals remarks] at the 24 October 1971 concert at [[United Nations]] and [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AKlkO3Tt3Kw video] |
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* [http://cultura.gencat.net/anc/FitxaFons.asp?CodiFons=340&Codi_Arxiu=1 Pau Casals Orchestra (1920 - 1938)], in Catalan |
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* [http://www.festcasalspr.gobierno.pr Casals Festival], San Juan, Puerto Rico |
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* [http://www.prades-festival-casals.com/ Festival Pau Casals Prades] Prada de Conflent, Catalonia |
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* [http://openpackage.biz/videos/pau-casals-exiliat-prada-j-s-bach-suite-n1- Historic 20min video of Pau Casals 1939-1942] Prada de Conflent, Catalonia |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Casals, Pablo}} |
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[[Category:1876 births]] |
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[[Category:1973 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Catalan classical cellists]] |
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[[Category:Catalan composers]] |
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[[Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners]] |
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[[Category:Music educators]] |
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[[Category:People from San Juan, Puerto Rico]] |
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[[Category:Puerto Rican classical cellists]] |
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[[Category:Puerto Rican-Spaniards]] |
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[[Category:Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medallists]] |
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[[Category:Spanish classical cellists]] |
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[[Category:Spanish composers]] |
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[[ca:Pau Casals i Defilló]] |
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[[ko:파블로 카살스]] |
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[[he:פבלו קזאלס]] |
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[[ja:パブロ・カザルス]] |
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[[ru:Казальс, Пабло]] |
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[[zh:帕布罗·卡萨尔斯]] |
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Latest revision as of 21:18, 26 October 2018
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