Vertical transmission (symbiont): Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
WP:CHECKWIKI error fix. Syntax fixes. Do general fixes if a problem exists. - using AWB (8843) |
fix target Tag: Redirect target changed |
||
| (34 intermediate revisions by 20 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| ⚫ | |||
'''Vertical transmission'''; in humans also known as '''mother-to-child transmission''', is the [[transmission (medicine)|transmission]] of an [[infection]] or other disease from the female of the species to the offspring. |
|||
A pathogen's '''transmissibility''' refers to its capacity for vertical transmission. The concept of vertical transmission is also used in [[population genetics]] to describe inheritance of an [[allele]] or condition from either the father or mother. |
|||
Vertical transmission tends to evolve benign [[symbiosis]]. It is therefore a critical concept for [[evolutionary medicine]]. |
|||
Because a pathogen's ability to pass from parent to child depends significantly on the hosts' ability to reproduce, pathogens' transmissibility tends to be inversely related with their virulence. In other words, as pathogens become more harmful to and thus decrease the reproduction rate of their host organism, they are less likely to be passed on to the hosts' offspring, since there will be fewer offspring.<ref>{{cite journal | title=An empirical study of the evolution of virulence under both horizontal and vertical transmission | last1=Stewart | first1=AD | last2=Logsdon | first2=JM | last3=Kelley | first3=SE | journal=Evolution | year=2005 | month=April | volume=59 | issue=4 | pages=730–739 | doi=10.1554/03-330 | pmid=15926685}}</ref> |
|||
Although AIDS is sometimes transmitted through perinatal transmission, its virulence can be accounted for by the fact that its primary mode of transmission is not vertical. Moreover, medicine has further decreased the frequency of vertical transmission of AIDS. The incidence of perinatal AIDS cases in the United States has declined as a result of the implementation of recommendations on HIV counseling and voluntary testing practices and the use of zido\aidinc therapy by providers to reduce perinatal HIV transmission.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Implementation Of Guidelines For HIV Counseling And Voluntary HIV |
|||
Testing Of Pregnant Women |
|||
| last1=Chester | first1=Kelly J. | last2=et al. | journal=American Journal Of Public Health | year=2000 | issue=90.2 | pages=273–276 }}</ref> |
|||
The price paid in the evolution of symbiosis is, however, great: for many generations, almost all cases of vertical transmission will continue to be pathological—in particular if there are any other routes of transmission. It takes many generations of random mutation and selection to evolve symbiosis. During this time, the vast majority of vertical transmission cases will exhibit the initial virulence.{{Citation needed|date=October 2012}} |
|||
In [[Dual inheritance theory|Dual Inheritance Theory]], vertical transmission refers to the passing of cultural traits from parents to children.<ref>Cavalli-Sfornza, L. and M. Feldman. 1981. ''Cultural Transmission and Evolution: A Quantitative Approach''. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.</ref> |
|||
==See also== |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
==References== |
|||
{{reflist}} |
|||
{{Diseases of maternal transmission}} |
|||
{{Infectious disease}} |
|||
[[Category:Infectious diseases]] |
|||
{{med-stub}} |
|||
[[es:Transmisión vertical]] |
|||
[[ja:垂直感染]] |
|||
[[pt:Transmissão vertical]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 15:32, 6 December 2019
Redirect to: