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{{userspace draft|date=November 2011}} |
{{userspace draft|date=November 2011}} |
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{{Politics of Syria}} |
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{{Infobox Military Conflict |
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|conflict=Nejd–Hejaz War |
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|partof=[[Unification of Saudi Arabia]] |
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|image= |
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|caption= |
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|date=1918-1920 |
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|place=[[Kingdom of Hejaz]] |
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|result=Cease fire |
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*[[Emirate of Riyadh]] gains territories from the Kingdom of Hejaz |
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|combatant1=[[File:Flag of the Second Saudi State.svg|border|22px]] [[Emirate of Riyadh]] |
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*[[Ikhwan]] tribesmen |
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|combatant2=[[File:Flag of Hejaz 1917.svg|border|22px]] [[Kingdom of Hejaz]] |
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|commander1=[[File:Flag of the Second Saudi State.svg|border|22px]] [[Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia|Abdulaziz Ibn Saud]] |
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*[[Sultan bin Bajad]] |
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|commander2=[[File:Flag of Hejaz 1917.svg|border|22px]] [[Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca|Hussien bin Ali]]<br>[[Image:Flag of Hejaz 1917.svg|border|22px]] Nawras Pasha |
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|strength1= |
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|strength2= |
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|casualties1=Unknown |
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|casualties2=Unknown |
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|casualties3='''Total: 1,392+ killed'''<ref name=arkansas/> |
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}} |
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{{Campaignbox Nejd-Hejaz War}} |
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{{Campaignbox Unification of Saudi Arabia}} |
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The '''Saudi conquest of Hejaz''', or the '''Second Saudi-Hashemite War''' was a campaign, engaged |
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by Saudi Sultan [[Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia|Abdulaziz Ibn Saud]] to take over the Hashemite [[Kingdom of Hejaz]] in 1924-1925, ending with conquest and incorporation of Hejaz into the Saudi domain. |
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==Subjects of criticism== |
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==Background== |
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===Syrian displaced and refugees=== |
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The 1924 campaign came within the scope of the historic conflict between the Hashemites of Hejaz and the Saudis of Ryadh (Nejd), which had already sparked the First Saudi-Hashemite War in 1919. |
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{{main|Syrian refugees}} |
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===Treatment of citizens=== |
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==Saudi campaign== |
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{{main|Human rights in Syria}} |
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The pretext for renewed hostilities between Nejd and Hejaz came when the pilgrims from Nejd were denied access to the holy places in Hejaz.<ref name=Al-Khatrash>Dr. Fattouh Al-Khatrash. ''The Hijaz-Najd War (1924 – 1925) [http://www.pubcouncil.kuniv.edu.kw/jgaps/english/showarticle.asp?id=1169]</ref> On August 29, 1924, Ibn-Saoud began his military campaign against Hejaz by advancing towards Taif, which surrendered without a major struggle.<ref name=Al-Khatrash/> Following the fall of [[Taif]], the Saudi forces and the allied Ikhwan tribesmen moved on Mecca. Sharif Hussein’s request for British assistance was denied to him on the pretext of non-intervention in religious disputes.<ref name=Al-Khatrash/> [[Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca|King Hussein bin Ali]] had meanwhile fled from Mecca to [[Jeddah]], after the assistance request from King Abdullah of Transjordan was denied as well.<ref name=Al-Khatrash/> The city of Mecca fell without struggle on October 13th 1924.<ref name=Al-Khatrash/> The Islamic Conference, held in Riyadh on the 29th October 1924, brought a wide Islamic recognition of Ibn-Saud’s jurisdiction over [[Mecca]]. |
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====Sectarianism==== |
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With the advancement of the Saudi forces and blockade imposed on Jeddah, Hejazi army began disintegrating.<ref name=Al-Khatrash/> The city of Medina surrendered on December 12 1925, and Yanbu fell 12 days later.<ref name=Al-Khatrash/> Jeddah fell to Saudi forces on December 1925, with the Saudi forces entering its gates on January 8th, 1926, after capitulation and safe passage was negotiated between King bin Ali and the British Counsul. |
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====Imprisonments==== |
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==Casualties== |
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The number of fatalities in the war was hundreds of killed and thousands of injured. The actual total number of fatalities is at least 1,392.<ref name=arkansas>Political Science. ''Middle East/North Africa/Persian Gulf Region''. University of Central Arkansas. Retrieved 2011. [http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/middle-eastnorth-africapersian-gulf-region/]</ref> |
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===Lack of Democracy=== |
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==Aftermath== |
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{{see|Ba'athism}} |
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Following the successful takeover over the [[Kingdom of Hejaz]], [[Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia|Abdulaziz Ibn Saud]] was declared as King of Hejaz. The Kingdom was later incorporated into the [[Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz]], with Ibn Saud being the king of both in political union. |
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===Civil War and stagnated peace process=== |
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King Hussien o Hejaz fled to [[Cyprus]], declaring his son [[Ali of Hejaz|Ali bin Hussien]] as the King of Hejaz, but effectively with the fall of the Kingdom the dynasty ended up in an exile. Hashemites however remained to rule the emirate of [[Transjordan]] and the [[Kingdom of Iraq]]. |
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===Military practices=== |
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==Criticism at the United Nations== |
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==Analogies== |
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==Responses to criticism== |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{portal|Syria|Politics|Syrian Civil War}} |
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*[[History of Saudi Arabia]] |
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*[[International reactions to the Syrian Civil War]] |
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*[[List of modern conflicts in the Middle East]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Criticism Of The Syrian Government}} |
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[[:Category:Criticisms of political philosophy|Syrian foreign policy]] |
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==try image== |
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[[Image:ملف:فيصل الدويش.jpg|border|220px]] |
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{{userspace draft|date=November 2011}} |
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{{coord missing|Saudi Arabia}} |
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{{saudi-stub}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Nejd–Hejaz War}} |
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[[Category:History of Saudi Arabia]] |
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[[Category:Wars involving Saudi Arabia]] |
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[[Category:1920 in Saudi Arabia]] |
Latest revision as of 09:04, 16 December 2019
This is not a Wikipedia article: It is an individual user's work-in-progress page, and may be incomplete and/or unreliable. For guidance on developing this draft, see Wikipedia:So you made a userspace draft. Find sources: Google (books · news · scholar · free images · WP refs) · FENS · JSTOR · TWL |
Member State of the Arab League |
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Subjects of criticism
[edit]Syrian displaced and refugees
[edit]Treatment of citizens
[edit]Sectarianism
[edit]Imprisonments
[edit]Lack of Democracy
[edit]Civil War and stagnated peace process
[edit]Military practices
[edit]Criticism at the United Nations
[edit]Analogies
[edit]Responses to criticism
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]
Category:Syrian Civil War
Syrian foreign policy
Category:Human rights in Syria
This is not a Wikipedia article: It is an individual user's work-in-progress page, and may be incomplete and/or unreliable. For guidance on developing this draft, see Wikipedia:So you made a userspace draft. Find sources: Google (books · news · scholar · free images · WP refs) · FENS · JSTOR · TWL |