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Coordinates: 38°37′41″N 79°50′33″W / 38.62806°N 79.84250°W / 38.62806; -79.84250
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{{Infobox protected area
{{Geobox|Protected Area
| name = Gaudineer Scenic Area
<!-- *** Name section *** -->
| iucn_category =
| name = Gaudineer Scenic Area
| native_name =
| iucn_ref =
<!-- images -->
| other_name = Part of [[Monongahela National Forest]]
| other_name1 =
| photo = Gaudineer Scenic Area.jpg
| photo_caption = Hiking trail in Gaudineer Scenic Area.
| topo_maker = USGS
<!-- map -->
| topo_map = Durbin
| topo_map1 = Wildell
| map = USA West Virginia
| map_image =
<!-- *** Category *** -->
| category = [[National Natural Landmark]]
| map_size =
| map_caption = Location of Gaudineer Scenic Area in West Virginia
<!-- *** Image *** -->
| image = Gaudineer Scenic Area.jpg
| relief = 1
<!-- location -->
| image_caption = Hiking trail in Gaudineer Scenic Area.
| location = West Virginia, United States
<!-- *** Etymology *** --->
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| coordinates = {{coord|38|37|41|N|79|50|33|W|display=inline,title}}
<!-- *** Country etc. *** -->
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<!-- stats -->
| country_flag = 1
| state = West Virginia
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| region_type = County
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| region = [[Pocahontas County, West Virginia|Pocahontas]]
| width_mi =
| region1 = [[Randolph County, West Virginia|Randolph]]
| district_type =
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| area_acre = 140
| area_ref = <ref name=MNF>[http://www.fs.fed.us/r9/mnf/sp/gaudineer.html Monongahela National Forest: Gaudineer Scenic Area, accessed April 1, 2008]</ref>
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| lat_m = 37
| lat_s = 41
| authorized =
| lat_NS = N
| created =
| long_d = 79
| designated =
| long_m = 50
| established = October 1964<ref name=MNF />
| long_s = 33
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| area_unit = acre
| administrator =
| area_imperial = 140
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| operator = [[Monongahela National Forest]]
| owner =
| area_note = <ref name=MNF>[http://www.fs.fed.us/r9/mnf/sp/gaudineer.html Monongahela National Forest: Gaudineer Scenic Area, accessed April 1, 2008]</ref>
<!-- website, embedded -->
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| website = [http://www.fs.fed.us/r9/mnf/sp/gaudineer.html Gaudineer Scenic Area]
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| access = [[driving|drive-up]] via [[Image:Forest Route 27.svg|20px]] [[Forest Route|FR]] 27
| established_type = Established
| established = October 1964
| established_note = <ref name=MNF />
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| owner = [[USDA Forest Service]]
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| free_type = Nearest city
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| free = [[Durbin, West Virginia|Durbin]], [[West Virginia]]
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<!-- *** Map section *** -->
| map = West Virginia Locator Map.PNG
| map_caption = Location of Gaudineer Scenic Area in West Virginia
| map_locator = West Virginia
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<!-- *** Website *** -->
| website = [http://www.fs.fed.us/r9/mnf/sp/gaudineer.html Gaudineer Scenic Area]
}}
}}


The '''Gaudineer Scenic Area''' (GSA) is a scenic area and [[National Natural Landmark]]<ref>[http://www.nature.nps.gov/nnl/Registry/USA_Map/States/West%20Virginia/NNL/GSA/index.cfm NPS NNL Webpage on Gaudineer Scenic Area]</ref> in the [[Monongahela National Forest]] (MNF). It is situated just north of [[Gaudineer Knob]] of [[Shavers Mountain]] on the border of [[Randolph County, West Virginia|Randolph]] and [[Pocahontas County, West Virginia|Pocahontas Counties]], [[West Virginia]], USA, about {{convert|5|mi}} northwest of the town of [[Durbin, West Virginia|Durbin]].
The '''Gaudineer Scenic Area''' (GSA) is a scenic area and [[National Natural Landmark]] in the [[Monongahela National Forest]] (MNF). It is situated just north of [[Gaudineer Knob]] of [[Shavers Mountain]] on the border of [[Randolph County, West Virginia|Randolph]] and [[Pocahontas County, West Virginia|Pocahontas Counties]], [[West Virginia]], USA, about {{convert|5|mi}} northwest of the town of [[Durbin, West Virginia|Durbin]].


==Description==
==Description==
The GSA is located in the Greenbrier Ranger District of the MNF. It lies near the crest of Shavers Mountain immediately north of Gaudineer Knob, the mountain's highest peak at {{convert|4432|ft}}. The Scenic Area itself is at about {{convert|4000|ft}}. Its total land area is {{convert|140|acre|m2}} and approximately {{convert|50|acre|m2}} of the area is classified as [[Old growth forest|virgin]] [[Red Spruce|red spruce]] forest. Trees in this section range up to {{convert|40|in}} in diameter at chest height and are upwards of 300 years-old.<ref>[http://www.randolphcountywv.com/Outdoors%20Recreation/GaudineerScenicArea.htm Randolph County Convention & Visitors Bureau Webpage on GSA]</ref> The remaining {{convert|90|acre|m2}} have only been subjected to selective timber harvesting, mostly for the task of removing broken limbs. The GSA contains—in addition to red spruce—excellent first and second-growth specimens of several native [[hardwoods]], including [[red maple]], [[sugar maple]], [[yellow birch]], and [[beech]].<ref name="MNF" /> Forest Service authorities estimate the total wood volume of the {{convert|140|acre|m2|adj=on}} tract at {{convert|1500000|board feet}}.
The GSA is located in the Greenbrier Ranger District of the MNF. It lies near the crest of Shavers Mountain immediately north of Gaudineer Knob, the mountain's highest peak at {{convert|4432|ft}}. The Scenic Area itself is at about {{convert|4000|ft}}. Its total land area is {{convert|140|acre|m2}} and approximately {{convert|50|acre|m2}} of the area is classified as [[Old growth forest|virgin]] [[Red Spruce|red spruce]] forest. Trees in this section range up to {{convert|40|in}} in diameter at chest height and are upwards of 300 years old.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.randolphcountywv.com/Outdoors%20Recreation/GaudineerScenicArea.htm |title=Randolph County Convention & Visitors Bureau Webpage on GSA |access-date=2006-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060912203553/http://www.randolphcountywv.com/Outdoors%20Recreation/GaudineerScenicArea.htm |archive-date=2006-09-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The remaining {{convert|90|acre|m2}} have only been subjected to selective timber harvesting, mostly for the task of removing broken limbs. The GSA contains—in addition to red spruce—excellent first and second-growth specimens of several native [[hardwoods]], including [[red maple]], [[sugar maple]], [[yellow birch]], and [[beech]].<ref name="MNF" /> Forest Service authorities estimate the total wood volume of the {{convert|140|acre|m2|adj=on}} tract at {{convert|1500000|board feet}}.


==History==
==History==
The area surrounding the GSA was thoroughly [[clear-cut]] between about 1900 and 1920 by lumbermen of the [[West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company]], based at [[Cass, West Virginia|Cass]]. [[Maurice Brooks]] described the circumstances whereby a portion of the virgin forest was spared in his classic book on Appalachian natural history:
The area surrounding the GSA was thoroughly [[clear-cut]] between about 1900 and 1920 by lumbermen of the [[West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company]], based at [[Cass, West Virginia|Cass]]. [[Maurice Brooks]] described the circumstances whereby a portion of the virgin forest was spared in his classic book on Appalachian natural history:


<blockquote>Some years before the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] a speculating land company bought a tract of {{convert|69000|acre|km2}} on the slope of Shavers Mountain. Their tract fronted for about seven miles (11 km) along the eastern side of the mountain. To survey and mark their holdings the company hired a crew of men who must have found rough going in this wilderness. The crew did a good job, but its chief forgot one thing – the fact that a [[compass]] needle points to [[magnetic north|magnetic]], not [[true north]]. In this area the [[Magnetic declination|angle of declination]] is about four degrees, a significant source of error on a seven-mile (11 km) front…. An experienced Virginia surveyor, in checking the data, discovered the error but said nothing about it. Presently, however, when the sale was being concluded and the deeds recorded, he brought the error to light, and under a sort of “[[doctrine of vacancy]]” claimed the wedge of land left by a corrected survey. His title was established, and he and his heirs found themselves owner of a seven-mile (11 km) strip of forest, aggregating almost {{convert|900|acre|km2}}. While timber above and below the wedge was cut, this narrow holding was undisturbed. Its thickest end, a fringe of tall spruces on the near horizon, is just east of Gaudineer Tower. From these trees came seed to produce a new forest, a happy result of a hundred-year-old mistake. <ref>Brooks, Maurice (1965), ''The Appalachians'' (Series: The Naturalist's America), Illustrated by Lois Darling and Lo Brooks, [[Boston]]: [[Houghton Mifflin Company]], pp 71-72.</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>Some years before the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] a speculating land company bought a tract of {{convert|69000|acre|km2|disp=sqbr}} on the slope of Shavers Mountain. Their tract fronted for about seven miles [11 km] along the eastern side of the mountain. To survey and mark their holdings the company hired a crew of men who must have found rough going in this wilderness. The crew did a good job, but its chief forgot one thing – the fact that a [[compass]] needle points to [[magnetic north|magnetic]], not [[true north]]. In this area the [[Magnetic declination|angle of declination]] is about four degrees, a significant source of error on a seven-mile [11 km] front ... An experienced Virginia surveyor, in checking the data, discovered the error but said nothing about it. Presently, however, when the sale was being concluded and the deeds recorded, he brought the error to light, and under a sort of "[[doctrine of vacancy]]" claimed the wedge of land left by a corrected survey. His title was established, and he and his heirs found themselves owner of a seven-mile strip of forest, aggregating almost {{convert|900|acre|km2|disp=sqbr}}. While timber above and below the wedge was cut, this narrow holding was undisturbed. Its thickest end, a fringe of tall spruces on the near horizon, is just east of Gaudineer Tower. From these trees came seed to produce a new forest, a happy result of a hundred-year-old mistake.<ref>Brooks, Maurice (1965), ''The Appalachians'' (Series: The Naturalist's America), Illustrated by Lois Darling and Lo Brooks, [[Boston]]: [[Houghton Mifflin Company]], pp 71-72.</ref></blockquote>


The tract was eventually purchased by the Forest Service at the insistence of former MNF Supervisor [[Arthur A. Wood]], who believed that future generations should know what an Appalachian spruce stand was like.
The tract was eventually purchased by the Forest Service at the insistence of former MNF Supervisor [[Arthur A. Wood]], who believed that future generations should know what an Appalachian spruce stand was like.


In October 1964 the Regional Forester designated this area as a Scenic Area and the Forest Service began to manage it as such. In December 1974 the GSA was designated a [[National Natural Landmark]] for its exceptional value. In May 1983 it was registered by the [[Society of American Foresters]] as an outstanding example of a vegetative community in a near natural condition dedicated for scientific and educational purposes.
In October 1964 the Regional Forester designated this area as a Scenic Area and the Forest Service began to manage it as such. In December 1974 the GSA was designated a [[National Natural Landmark]] for its exceptional value.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nnlandmarks/site.htm?Site=GAUD-WV|title=National Natural Landmarks - National Natural Landmarks (U.S. National Park Service)|website=www.nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2019-04-13|quote="Year designated: 1974"}}</ref> In May 1983 it was registered by the [[Society of American Foresters]] as an outstanding example of a vegetative community in a near natural condition dedicated for scientific and educational purposes.

==References==
{{reflist}}


==See also==
==See also==
Line 142: Line 69:
* [[List of old growth forests]]
* [[List of old growth forests]]
* [[List of National Natural Landmarks in West Virginia]]
* [[List of National Natural Landmarks in West Virginia]]

==References==
{{reflist}}


{{Monongahela National Forest}}
{{Monongahela National Forest}}

{{authority control}}


[[Category:Monongahela National Forest]]
[[Category:Monongahela National Forest]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Randolph County, West Virginia]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Randolph County, West Virginia]]
[[Category:Pocahontas County, West Virginia]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Pocahontas County, West Virginia]]
[[Category:Natural history of West Virginia]]
[[Category:Natural history of West Virginia]]
[[Category:National Natural Landmarks in West Virginia]]
[[Category:National Natural Landmarks in West Virginia]]
[[Category:National Scenic Areas]]
[[Category:National scenic areas]]

Latest revision as of 04:23, 6 January 2020

Gaudineer Scenic Area
Hiking trail in Gaudineer Scenic Area.
Map showing the location of Gaudineer Scenic Area
Map showing the location of Gaudineer Scenic Area
Location of Gaudineer Scenic Area in West Virginia
LocationWest Virginia, United States
Coordinates38°37′41″N 79°50′33″W / 38.62806°N 79.84250°W / 38.62806; -79.84250
Area140 acres (57 ha)[1]
Elevation3,996 ft (1,218 m)
EstablishedOctober 1964[1]
OperatorMonongahela National Forest
WebsiteGaudineer Scenic Area

The Gaudineer Scenic Area (GSA) is a scenic area and National Natural Landmark in the Monongahela National Forest (MNF). It is situated just north of Gaudineer Knob of Shavers Mountain on the border of Randolph and Pocahontas Counties, West Virginia, USA, about 5 miles (8.0 km) northwest of the town of Durbin.

Description

[edit]

The GSA is located in the Greenbrier Ranger District of the MNF. It lies near the crest of Shavers Mountain immediately north of Gaudineer Knob, the mountain's highest peak at 4,432 feet (1,351 m). The Scenic Area itself is at about 4,000 feet (1,200 m). Its total land area is 140 acres (570,000 m2) and approximately 50 acres (200,000 m2) of the area is classified as virgin red spruce forest. Trees in this section range up to 40 inches (1,000 mm) in diameter at chest height and are upwards of 300 years old.[2] The remaining 90 acres (360,000 m2) have only been subjected to selective timber harvesting, mostly for the task of removing broken limbs. The GSA contains—in addition to red spruce—excellent first and second-growth specimens of several native hardwoods, including red maple, sugar maple, yellow birch, and beech.[1] Forest Service authorities estimate the total wood volume of the 140-acre (570,000 m2) tract at 1,500,000 board feet (3,500 m3).

History

[edit]

The area surrounding the GSA was thoroughly clear-cut between about 1900 and 1920 by lumbermen of the West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company, based at Cass. Maurice Brooks described the circumstances whereby a portion of the virgin forest was spared in his classic book on Appalachian natural history:

Some years before the Civil War a speculating land company bought a tract of 69,000 acres [280 km2] on the slope of Shavers Mountain. Their tract fronted for about seven miles [11 km] along the eastern side of the mountain. To survey and mark their holdings the company hired a crew of men who must have found rough going in this wilderness. The crew did a good job, but its chief forgot one thing – the fact that a compass needle points to magnetic, not true north. In this area the angle of declination is about four degrees, a significant source of error on a seven-mile [11 km] front ... An experienced Virginia surveyor, in checking the data, discovered the error but said nothing about it. Presently, however, when the sale was being concluded and the deeds recorded, he brought the error to light, and under a sort of "doctrine of vacancy" claimed the wedge of land left by a corrected survey. His title was established, and he and his heirs found themselves owner of a seven-mile strip of forest, aggregating almost 900 acres [3.6 km2]. While timber above and below the wedge was cut, this narrow holding was undisturbed. Its thickest end, a fringe of tall spruces on the near horizon, is just east of Gaudineer Tower. From these trees came seed to produce a new forest, a happy result of a hundred-year-old mistake.[3]

The tract was eventually purchased by the Forest Service at the insistence of former MNF Supervisor Arthur A. Wood, who believed that future generations should know what an Appalachian spruce stand was like.

In October 1964 the Regional Forester designated this area as a Scenic Area and the Forest Service began to manage it as such. In December 1974 the GSA was designated a National Natural Landmark for its exceptional value.[4] In May 1983 it was registered by the Society of American Foresters as an outstanding example of a vegetative community in a near natural condition dedicated for scientific and educational purposes.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Monongahela National Forest: Gaudineer Scenic Area, accessed April 1, 2008
  2. ^ "Randolph County Convention & Visitors Bureau Webpage on GSA". Archived from the original on 2006-09-12. Retrieved 2006-10-18.
  3. ^ Brooks, Maurice (1965), The Appalachians (Series: The Naturalist's America), Illustrated by Lois Darling and Lo Brooks, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, pp 71-72.
  4. ^ "National Natural Landmarks - National Natural Landmarks (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2019-04-13. Year designated: 1974
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