Continuationism: Difference between revisions
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'''Continuationism''' is a [[Christian theology|Christian theological]] belief that the [[spiritual gift|gifts of the Holy Spirit]] have continued to the present age, specifically those sometimes called "sign gifts",<ref>{{cite web |title=What are biblical sign gifts? What was their purpose? |url=https://www.compellingtruth.org/sign-gifts.html |website=Compelling Truth |accessdate=27 November 2019}}</ref> such as [[glossolalia|tongues]] and [[prophecy]]. Continuationism as a distinct a theological position arose in opposition to [[cessationism]]. |
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Historically, it was in Calvin's reformed [[protestantism]] that modern doctrines of cessationism were first formulated. The [[Roman Catholic]] and [[Anglican]] churches were never cessationist by doctrine, and nor was the [[Moravian Church]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Živadinović|first=Dojcin|year=2015|title=Wesley and Charisma: An Analysis of John Wesley's View of Spiritual Gifts|journal=Andrews University Seminary Student Journal|volume=1|issue=2|pages=53–71|url=https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1011&context=aussj|access-date=20191205|language=English}}</ref>. However it would take the emergence of [[Pentecostalism]] and a new Pentecostal theology to crystalise a theological position of continualism as it would be understood today. |
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==Spiritual gifts== |
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{{main|Spiritual gift}} |
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A spiritual gift is an endowment or extraordinary power given by the Holy Spirit. Several passages in the Bible list gifts, with the most frequently cited being 1 Corinthians 12:4-11: |
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* {{Bibleverse|1 Corinthians|12:4-11|KJV}}: wisdom, knowledge, faith, healing, working of [[miracle]]s, prophecy, ability to distinguish spirits, various tongues, and interpretation of tongues |
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==The doctrine of continuationism== |
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The words Paul used referring to the supernatural gifts of the Spirit were ''charismata'' and ''pneumatika'', translated as "spiritual gifts" and conceived to be "detached entities or abilities distinct from Christ and distributed by the Spirit" (Fowler). For Paul, all Christians are charismatic; endowed with special gifts to build up others. "Paul regarded all the communities of believers in Christ as charismatic communities, and did not give the slightest indication that he knew of charismatic and non-charismatic churches", according to C. Keener in his book ''Three Crucial Questions about the Holy Spirit''. Theologian Dr. John Piper says in his message titled ''Signs and Wonders Then and Now'': "On the one hand, we ought to honor the uniqueness of Jesus and the apostles. On the other-hand we ought to be open to the real possibility that this too might be a unique moment in history, and in this moment it may well be God's purpose to pour out his Spirit in unprecedented revival—revival of love to Christ and zeal for worship and compassion for lost people and a missionary thrust with signs and wonders".{{cn|date=May 2019}} |
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The Holy Spirit does not weaken or redefine his self over time. God has demonstrated the opposite by increasing his presence. The way people have been allowed to experience and access him has increased since Old Testament times. It is people that can cause the decrease (1 Thessalonians 5:19). The essence of the God of the Bible has always been portrayed as a multi-faceted entity causing growth and progression. He is God the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. He sends angels and His Word, the Bible. They all work together and in different ways. Through them God moves, speaks, prays, feels and thinks. "The Spirit of the living Lord Jesus is desirous of expressing Himself in diverse functional ministry within His Body, the Church, expressing therein His character of love and drawing His people together in cooperative unity" (Fowler). He also created human beings to be multi-expressive in all things, especially think with free will. But in order for Christians to accomplish what He wants them to do, they need power. Christians need the kind of power and supernatural abilities that only the Spirit gives. Paul laid hands on people, imparting the gifts of the Spirit; though cessationists believe that the: "laying on of hands no longer imparts gifts since the gifts ceased with the apostles" (Cottrell). Paul laid hands on Timothy and imparted a gift that would not disappear after Paul died. Timothy was already a believer (2 Timothy 1:5) and did not need proof that the message was from God but needed a powerful gift in order to accomplish what the Lord wanted him to do.{{cn|date=May 2019}} |
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Continuationism asserts that the Spirit still gives gifts so that the church may be strengthened and accomplish what God wants it to do today. Salvation, however, is not contingent upon the issue of the continuation or the cessation of the miraculous gifts. But this issue divides the church today as interpretations of the scriptures will continue to differ.{{cn|date=May 2019}} |
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<blockquote>But even if signs and wonders can't save the soul, they can, if God pleases, shatter the shell of disinterest; they can shatter the shell of cynicism; they can shatter the shell of false religion. Like every other good witness to the word of grace, they can help the fallen heart to fix its gaze on the gospel where the soul-saving, self-authenticating glory of the Lord shines. (Piper)</blockquote> |
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==Cessationism versus continuationism== |
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There are two main views regarding each of the gifts of the Holy Spirit: cessationism and continuationism. In his book, ''Are Miraculous Gifts for Today'', W. Grudem explains that the cessation view is: "based upon the idea that the first-century church and only the first-century church experienced the miraculous gifts of the Holy Spirit for the purpose of confirming the message of the Gospel in absence of the completed New Testament".{{cn|date=May 2019}} According to this view, when the New Testament was completed, the supernatural, or miraculous gifts, had no more use in the church; so they ceased. The other gifts, such as, administration, teaching, acts of service, and exhortation, are among the gifts that are still distributed.{{cn|date=May 2019}} |
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Much dispute focuses on the interpretation of {{Bibleverse|1 Corinthians|13:8-12}}, which refers to specific spiritual gifts and later says "when perfection comes, the imperfect disappears". The cessationist perspective interprets "perfection" as the completion of the New Testament (McRay).{{cn|date=May 2019}} Conversely, others interpret it as a reference to sinless life in heaven (MacArthur John).{{cn|date=May 2019}} |
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==See also== |
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* [[Glossolalia]] |
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* [[Preterism]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==Further reading== |
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* Bouyer, Louis. "Some Charismatic Manifestations in the History of the Church". ''Perspectives on Charismatic Renewal.'' Edited by Edward O'Connor. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1975 |
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* Grudem, Wayne, ed. ''Are Miraculous Gifts for Today: Four Views''. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996 (Richard M. Gaffin, Jr., R.L.Saucy, C.Samuel Storms, Douglas A. Oss) |
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* Walker, D. P. "The Cessation of Miracles". In ''Hermeticism and the Renaissance: Intellectual History and the Occult in Early Modern Europe.'' Edited by Ingrid Merkel and [[Allen G. Debus]]. Washington, DC: Folger Books, 1988. pp. 111–124 |
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* Williams, George and Waldvogel, Edith. "A History of Speaking in Tongues and Related Gifts".“” ''The Charismatic Movement.'' Edited by Michael P. Hamilton. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1975. |
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==External links== |
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* Tim Challies interview with Wayne Grudem: Continuationism and Cessationism [http://www.challies.com/interviews/continuationism-and-cessationism-an-interview-with-dr-wayne-grudem part 1], [http://www.challies.com/interviews/continuationism-and-cessationism-part-2-an-interview-with-dr-wayne-grudem part 2] |
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* [http://www.isitso.org/guide/pentchar.html Field Guide to the Wide World of Religion] |
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* [https://wesleygospel.com/2018/12/11/miracles-are-for-today-a-refutation-of-b-b-warfields-cessationism-john-boruff/ Miracles Are for Today! A Refutation of B. B. Warfield's Cessationism] by John Boruff |
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* [https://hopefaithprayer.com/books/On-the-Cessation-of-the-Charismata-Ruthven.pdf On the Cessation of the Charismata] by Jon Ruthven |
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[[Category:Continuationism| ]] |
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[[Category:Christian terminology]] |
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[[Category:New Testament theology]] |
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[[Category:Pneumatology]] |
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