History of Indigenous Australian self-determination: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
M2sh22pp1l (talk | contribs) ←Redirected page to Indigenous Australian self-determination Tag: New redirect |
|||
| (10 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
#REDIRECT [[Indigenous Australian self-determination]] {{R from merge}} |
|||
The '''history of Indigenous Australian self-determination''' covers various attempts by [[Aboriginal Australians]] and [[Torres Strait Islanders]] to govern autonomously since [[History of Australia (1788–1850)|colonization,]] both within and outside the structures of the [[Government of Australia]]. |
|||
== 1960's-70's: The early times == |
|||
During this period, the [[Whitlam Government]] turned Australian indigenous policy around by moving away from [[Cultural assimilation|assimilation]] and towards, in [[Gough Whitlam|Gough Whitlam's]] words: "''Aboriginal communities deciding the pace and nature of their future development as significant components within a diverse Australia",'' i.e. self-determination.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hocking|first=Jenny|date=2018|title=‘A transforming sentiment in this country’: The Whitlam government and Indigenous self-determination|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8500.12353|journal=Australian Journal of Public Administration|language=en|volume=77|issue=S1|pages=S5–S12|doi=10.1111/1467-8500.12353|issn=1467-8500}}</ref> |
|||
=== Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders === |
|||
The [[Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders]] (FCAATSI) was founded in 1957 as a [[non-governmental organization]] to advance Aboriginal rights, composed of various member organisations.<ref name=":1" /> |
|||
=== Department of Aboriginal Affairs === |
|||
The [[Department of Aboriginal Affairs]] was founded by the [[Whitlam Government]] to replace the government agencies responsible for Indigenous affairs, the [[Council for Aboriginal Affairs]], and the [[Office of Aboriginal Affairs]], while also providing a route for self-determination by employing Indigneous Australians.<ref name=":0" /> |
|||
=== National Aboriginal Consultative Committee === |
|||
The [[National Aboriginal Consultative Committee]] (NACC) was the first elected body representing [[Indigenous Australians]] on the national level, having been established by the [[Whitlam Government]] in [[1972 in Australia|1972.]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/selfdetermination/aboriginal-representative-bodies|title=Aboriginal representative bodies|last=Spirits|first=Jens Korff, Creative|date=2019-07-08|website=Creative Spirits|language=en-au|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> It was composed of 36 representatives elected by Aboriginal people in 36 regions of Australia.<ref name=":0" /> In 1983, the elections reached a turnout of approximately 78%.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.humanrights.gov.au/our-work/building-sustainable-national-indigenous-representative-body-issues-consideration-issues#fnB8|title=Building a sustainable National Indigenous Representative Body – Issues for consideration: Issues Paper 2008 {{!}} Australian Human Rights Commission|website=www.humanrights.gov.au|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> However, the organisation was marred by friction with the [[Department of Aboriginal Affairs]], while internally lacking coherence.<ref name=":1" /> |
|||
=== National Aboriginal Conference === |
|||
Following a review in 1976, the NACC was abolished by the new [[Fraser Government]] in 1977.<ref name=":1" /> To replace it, the [[National Aboriginal Conference]] (NAC) was founded. |
|||
== 1980's-90's: Independent institutions == |
|||
=== Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission === |
|||
Following the election of the [[Hawke Government]] in 1983, two reports were commissioned into a replacement of the NAC. The O'Donoghue report argued that the NAC did not effectively represent its constituents or advocate specific policies.<ref name=":1" /> The Coombs report made the case for an organisation with representation of regions and existing indigenous organisations.<ref name=":1" /> |
|||
To respond to these recommendations, the [[Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission]] was founded in 1989. |
|||
Following allegations of corruption, it was abolished by the [[Howard Government]] in 2004.<ref name="wsh">{{Cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/in-depth/aboriginal-australia/we-should-have-kept-atsic-lowitja-odonoghue/story-e6frgd9f-1225789767951|title=We should have kept ATSIC: Lowitja O'Donoghue|author=Pia Akerman|date=22 October 2009|newspaper=The Australian|accessdate=18 January 2012|publisher=News Limited}}</ref> |
|||
=== Aboriginal Provisional Government === |
|||
The [[Aboriginal Provisional Government]] has campaigned for Aboriginal sovereignty in Australia, and is headed by an Elders Council.<ref name=":1" /> It also issues [[Aboriginal passport|Aboriginal passports.]] |
|||
== 2000's-10's: Stalled progress == |
|||
The dissolution of ATSIC in [[2004 in Australia|2004]] was seen by some as an end to self-determination as a policy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/howard-silences-aboriginal-advocates-20040416-gdiqvv.html|title=Howard silences Aboriginal advocates|date=2004-04-16|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> Nevertheless, calls for it have continued among Indigenous Australians.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-10-21/bellear-indigenous-sovereignty/5032294|title=The case for Indigenous self-determination|last=Bellear|first=Sol|date=2013-10-21|website=ABC News|language=en-AU|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref> |
|||
=== Uluru Statement === |
|||
The [[Uluru Statement from the Heart]] was a call for a 'First Nations Voice' and a '[[Makarrata]] Commission' to drive 'agreement-making' and 'truth-telling, made by a First Nations National Constitutional Convention in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1617/Quick_Guides/UluruStatement|title=Uluru Statement: a quick guide|last=Commonwealth Parliament|first=Canberra|date=|website=www.aph.gov.au|language=en-AU|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-12-30}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Déclaration d’Uluru|date=2020-01-09|url=https://fr.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9claration_d%E2%80%99Uluru&oldid=166195209|work=Wikipédia|language=fr|access-date=2020-01-09}}</ref> This suggestion was refused by the [[Turnbull Government]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/oct/26/turnbulls-uluru-statement-rejection-mean-spirited-bastardry-legal-expert|title=Turnbull's Uluru statement rejection is 'mean-spirited bastardry' – legal expert|last=Wahlquist|first=Calla|date=2017-10-26|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-12-30|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> |
|||
=== Victorian First People's Assembly === |
|||
In [[2018 in Australia|2018]] the state of [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] passed legislation established the legal framework for an Aboriginal Representative Body which the state could negotiate a [[Indigenous treaties in Australia|treaty]] with.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/jun/22/victoria-passes-historic-law-to-create-indigenous-treaty-framework|title=Victoria passes historic law to create Indigenous treaty framework|last=Wahlquist|first=Calla|date=2018-06-21|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-12-30|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> This resulted in the [[2019 Victorian First Peoples' Assembly election]]. |
|||
== See also == |
|||
*[[Aboriginal self-determination]] |
|||
*[[:fr:Déclaration_d’Uluru|Déclaration d'Uluru : venue du Cœur de la nation]] |
|||
*[[Indigenous self-government in Canada]] |
|||
*[[Native American self-determination]] |
|||
== References == |
|||
{{Reflist}} |
|||
{{Indigenous Australians}} |
|||
[[Category:History of Indigenous Australians]] |
|||
[[Category:History of Australia]] |
|||
[[Category:Indigenous Australian politics]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 04:24, 1 May 2020
Redirect to:
- From a merge: This is a redirect from a page that was merged into another page. This redirect was kept in order to preserve the edit history of this page after its content was merged into the content of the target page. Please do not remove the tag that generates this text (unless the need to recreate content on this page has been demonstrated) or delete this page.
- For redirects with substantive page histories that did not result from page merges use {{R with history}} instead.