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'''Anywhere wiith [Cite] needs to be cited, I know, it's just a note to self to do them later.''' |
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{{Infobox galaxy |
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| name = Hen 2-10 |
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| image = [[image:Henize 2-10 (Chandra & Hubble).jpg|300px]] |
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| caption = A composite image of Hen 2-10. Visual data comes from [[Hubble]], X-ray data comes from the [[Chandra X-Ray Observatory]], and radio data comes from the [[Very Large Array]]. |
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| credit = |
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| epoch = J2000 |
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| pronounce = |
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| constellation name = [[Pyxis]] |
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| ra = {{RA|08|36|15}} <ref name="NED">{{cite web|url=http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/nph-objsearch?objname=HE+2-10&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES|title=NED entry for HE 2-10|accessdate=1 June 2011}}</ref> |
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| dec = {{DEC|-26|24|34}}<ref name="NED"/> |
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| z = 0.002912<ref name="NED"/> |
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| h_radial_v = 873 km/s<ref name="NED"/> |
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| gal_v = 657 km/s<ref name="NED"/> |
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| dist_ly = 34.24 [[light-year|Mly]]<ref name="NED"/> |
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| group_cluster = |
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| type = [[Dwarf galaxy|dwarf]] |
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| mass = ~1{{e|10}}<ref name="Reines et al 2016">{{cite journal |
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|last=Reines |first=Amy E. |
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|last2=Reynolds |first2=Mark T. |
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|last3=Miller |first3=Jon M. |
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|last4=Sivakoff| first4=Gregory R. |
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|last5=Greene |first5=Jenny E. |
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|last6=Hickox |first6=Ryan C. |
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|last7=Johnson |first7=Kelsey E. |
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|year=2016 |
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|title=Deep Chandra Observations of the Compact Starburst Galaxy Henize 2-10: X-rays from the Massive Black Hole |
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|url= |
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|journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters, |
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|volume=830 |
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|pages= |
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|arxiv=1610.01598 |
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|doi = |
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10.3847/2041-8205/830/2/L35 |
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|via=}}</ref> |
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| stars = |
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| appmag_v = 11.09 (R Band)<ref name="NED"/> |
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| size_v = 1.8'<ref name="NED"/> |
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| notes = |
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| names = ESO 495-21, [[Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies|MCG]]-04-21-005, [[Principal Galaxies Catalogue|PGC]] 24171/24175 <ref name="NED"/> |
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}} |
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'''Hen 2-10''', also known as '''He 2-10''' and '''Henize 2-10''', is a [[dwarf galaxy|dwarf]] [[starburst galaxy]] located 34 million light years away in the constellation of [[Pyxis (constellation)|Pyxis]].<ref name="NED"/> This discovery was surprising since the black hole was about one quarter of the size of the black hole at the center of the [[Milky Way Galaxy]], despite the fact that the galaxy is roughly one thousandth the size of the Milky Way. This discovery suggests that the black holes found at the center of most large galaxies may have formed before the galaxies themselves.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/01/dwarf-galaxy-black-hole/|title=Baby Galaxy Hosts Monster Black Hole |last=Grossman|first=Lisa|date=10 January 2011|work=[[Wired News]]|accessdate=3 July 2011}}</ref> Recent estimates have placed the mass of this black hole around {{Solar mass|3{{e|6}}|link=y}}, and the mass of the entire dwarf galaxy at about {{Solar mass|1{{e|10}}}}.<ref name="Reines et al 2016"/> |
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== History == |
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Henize 2-10 draws its name from a catalog of planetary nebulae assembled by astronomer [[Karl Henize]]. Henize additionally notes that the object was identified in an unpublished paper by [[Rudolph Minkowski]]. The object was likely misidentified as a planetary nebula due to the galaxy's strong emission lines, a feature common of planetary nebulae. <ref name="Henize">{{cite journal|last1=Henize|first1=Karl|title=Observations of Southern Planetary Nebulae|journal=Astrophysical Journal Supplement|date=April 1967|volume=14|pages=127-128|doi=10.1086/190151|accessdate=March 5, 2017}}</ref> |
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It was not until the 1970's when observations of Hen 2-10 indicated that the center of the object was a strong source of [[radio waves]] that it was shown that Hen 2-10 was a dwarf galaxy rather than a planetary nebula. Supporting evidence for the reclassification came in the form of excess infrared emission and a higher than usual density of neutral hydrogen.<ref name="Wright et al. 1976">{{cite journal|last1=Allen|first1=David A.|last2=Wright|first2=Alan E.|last3=Goss|first3=W. Miller|title=The Dwarf Emission Galaxy He2-10|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=October 1976|volume=176|pages=91-97|doi=10.1093/mnras/177.1.91}}</ref> |
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In 2011 team of researchers studied the non-thermal emission of the galaxy center and indicated that the source strengths of radio waves are too strong to come from [[x-ray binaries]] while the source strengths of x-rays are too strong to be supernova remnants. However, these sources do align with known data for black holes.<ref name = "Reines et al 2011">{{ |
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cite journal|last1=Reines|first1=Amy E.|last2=Sivakoff|first2=Gregory R.|last3=Johnson |first3=Kelsey E.|last4=Brogan| first4=Crystal L.|title=An Actively Accreting Massive Black Hole in the Dwarf Starburst Galaxy Henize 2-10|journal=Nature|date=February 2011|volume=470|issue=7332|pages=66-68|arxiv=1101.1309|doi=10.1038/nature09724}} |
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</ref> This original paper postulated the mass of the black hole to be ~{{Solar mass|1{{e|6}}}}, but a newer study has refined the estimate to {{Solar mass|3{{e|6}}}}.<ref name = "Reines et al 2016"/> |
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== Structure == |
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Hen 2-10 is a [[starburst galaxy]] featuring at least two [[super star clusters]] near the center of the galaxy. <ref name="Beck et al 1997">{{cite journal|last1=Beck|first1=Sara C.|last2=Kelly|first2=Dennis M.|last3=Lacy|first3=John H.|title=The Infrared Nucleus of the Wolf-Rayet Galaxy Henize 2-10.|journal=Astronomical Journal|date=August 1997|volume=114|pages=585-591|arxiv=astro-ph/9705227|doi=10.1086/118495|accessdate=5 March 2017}}</ref> The galaxy also features [[Wolf-Rayet star|Wolf-Rayet]] emission, usually found in planetary nebulas. It was one of the first galaxies found to feature this emission.<ref name = "Wright et al. 1976"/> |
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===Central black hole=== |
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The center of Hen 2-10 contains a massive black hole, a unique feature for a dwarf galaxy, which typically have been found not to contain black holes. <ref name="article 1">{{cite news|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/01/110110-dwarf-galaxy-black-holes-universe-science-space/|title=Huge Black Hole Found in Dwarf Galaxy|last=Kaufman|first=Rachel|date=10 January 2011|work=[[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]]|accessdate=1 June 2011}}</ref> |
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The presence of SSCs near the center of the galaxy, and not a singular nuclear star cluster (NSC) has lead some to believe that Hen 2-10 is a galaxy in its early years. The presence of the black hole is seen to be evidence of the dissipationless model of NSC formation. In this model, the SSCs will move to the center and form a singular NSC. Due to the black hole's relatively small mass, it is not believed to have a major effect on the timescale of this motion, although it is not yet understood how the black hole will affect the NSC formation, if at all. Ignoring the black hole indicates that the NSC should be fully formed in a few hundred Myr.<ref name="Nguyen et al 2014">{{cite journal|last1=Nguyen|first1=Dieu D.|last2=Seth|first2=Anil C.|last3=Reines|first3=Amy E.|last4=den Brok|first4=Mark|last5=Sand|first5=David|last6=McLeod|first6=Brian|title=Extended Structure and Fate of the Nucleus in Henize 2-10|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|date=August 2014|volume=794|issue=1|arxiv=1408.4446|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/794/1/34}}</ref> |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Sky|08|36|15|-|26|24|34|34240000}} |
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{{Galaxy}} |
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[[Category:PGC objects|24171]]] |
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[[Category:Dwarf galaxies]] |
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[[Category:Pyxis (constellation)]] |
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