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{{short description|Prototype Biplane Bomber}}
{{More footnotes|date=April 2017}}
{{More footnotes|date=April 2017}}

<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
| name=XLB-3
|name= XLB-3
| image=Keystone XLB-3A.jpg
|image= File:Keystone XLB-3A.jpg
|image_border= yes
| caption=XLB-3A
|caption= XLB-3A
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
| type=Light bomber
|type= [[Light bomber]]
| national origin=United States
|national origin= United States
| manufacturer=[[Keystone Aircraft]]
|manufacturer= [[Keystone Aircraft]]
| designer=
|designer=
| first flight=ca. December {{avyear|1927}}
|first flight= ca. December 1927
| introduced=
| retired=
|introduced=
| status=
|retired=
|status=
| primary user=
|primary user= [[United States Army Air Corps]]
| number built=1
|number built= 1
| developed from=
|developed from=
| variants with their own articles=
|variants with their own articles=
}}
}}
|}
|}


The '''Keystone XLB-3''' (originally built under the '''Huff-Daland''' name) was a prototype bomber biplane developed in the United States in the late 1920s. It was a twin-engine development of the single-engine [[Huff-Daland LB-1|LB-1]], brought about by a change in policy by the [[USAAC]].
The '''Keystone XLB-3''' (originally built under the '''Huff-Daland''' name) was a prototype bomber biplane developed in the United States in the late 1920s. It was a twin-engine development of the single-engine [[Huff-Daland LB-1|LB-1]], brought about by a change in policy by the [[United States Army Air Corps]] (USAAC).


==Design and development==
==Design and development==
Line 28: Line 29:


==Operational history==
==Operational history==
A single prototype was constructed, and delivered to the USAAC for evaluation at the end of 1927. Evaluation, however, showed that performance was actually inferior to that of the single-engine LB-1. The decision was taken to change the XLB-3's water-cooled Liberty engines for air-cooled radials, at which point it was redesignated '''XLB-3A'''. With performance still unsatisfactory, development was abandoned in favor of a parallel design, the [[Keystone LB-5|LB-5]].
A single prototype was constructed, and delivered to the USAAC for evaluation at the end of 1927. Evaluation, however, showed that performance was actually inferior to that of the single-engine LB-1. The decision was taken to change the XLB-3's air-cooled inverted Liberty engines for air-cooled radials, at which point it was redesignated '''XLB-3A'''. With performance still unsatisfactory, development was abandoned in favor of a parallel design, the [[Keystone LB-5|LB-5]].


==Variants==
==Variants==
* '''XLB-3''' – original version with [[Allison VG-1410]] air-cooled inverted V-12 engines (1 built)
* '''XLB-3''' – original version with [[Allison VG-1410]] air-cooled inverted V-12 engines (1 built)
** '''XLB-3A''' – version with [[Pratt & Whitney R-1340]] radial engines (1 converted from XLB-3)
* '''XLB-3A''' – version with [[Pratt & Whitney R-1340]] radial engines (1 converted from XLB-3)

<!-- ==Units using this aircraft/Operators (choose)== -->


<!-- ==Operators (choose)== -->
==Specifications (XLB-3A)==
==Specifications (XLB-3A)==
{{Aircraft specs
{{aerospecs
|ref=''Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation''<ref>Taylor 1989, p. 559.</ref>
|ref=''Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation''<ref>Taylor 1989, p. 559.</ref>
|prime units? = imp
|met or eng?=<!-- eng for US/UK aircraft, met for all others. You MUST include one or the other here, or no specifications will show -->eng

|crew=Five – pilot, copilot, bombardier, two gunners
|crew=Five – pilot, copilot, bombardier, two gunners
|capacity=
|length m=13.72
|length m=13.72
|length ft=45
|length ft=45
Line 49: Line 47:
|span ft=67
|span ft=67
|span in=0
|span in=0
|swept m=<!-- swing-wings -->
|swept ft=<!-- swing-wings -->
|swept in=<!-- swing-wings -->
|rot number=<!-- helicopters -->
|rot dia m=<!-- helicopters -->
|rot dia ft=<!-- helicopters -->
|rot dia in=<!-- helicopters -->
|dia m=<!-- airships etc -->
|dia ft=<!-- airships etc -->
|dia in=<!-- airships etc -->
|width m=<!-- if applicable -->
|width ft=<!-- if applicable -->
|width in=<!-- if applicable -->
|height m=5.13
|height m=5.13
|height ft=16
|height ft=16
Line 67: Line 52:
|wing area sqm=1,038
|wing area sqm=1,038
|wing area sqft=105.8
|wing area sqft=105.8
|swept area sqm=<!-- swing-wings -->
|swept area sqft=<!-- swing-wings -->
|rot area sqm=<!-- helicopters -->
|rot area sqft=<!-- helicopters -->
|volume m3=<!-- lighter-than-air -->
|volume ft3=<!-- lighter-than-air -->
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|wing profile=<!-- sailplanes -->
|empty weight kg=2,756
|empty weight kg=2,756
|empty weight lb=6,065
|empty weight lb=6,065
|gross weight kg=5,310
|gross weight kg=5,310
|gross weight lb=11,682
|gross weight lb=11,682
|lift kg=<!-- lighter-than-air -->
|lift lb=<!-- lighter-than-air -->

|eng1 number=2
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 type=[[Pratt & Whitney R-1340]]
|eng1 name=[[Pratt & Whitney R-1340]]
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->305
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->305
|eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines -->410
|eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines -->410
|eng1 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
|eng1 lbf=<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
|eng1 kn-ab=<!-- afterburners -->
|eng1 lbf-ab=<!-- afterburners -->
|eng2 number=
|eng2 type=
|eng2 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng2 hp=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng2 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
|eng2 lbf=<!-- jet/rocket engines -->
|eng2 kn-ab=<!-- afterburners -->
|eng2 lbf-ab=<!-- afterburners -->

|max speed kmh=186
|max speed kmh=186
|max speed mph=116
|max speed mph=116
|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft -->
|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed mph=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|stall speed kmh=<!-- aerobatic and STOL aircraft -->
|stall speed mph=<!-- aerobatic and STOL aircraft -->
|range km=870
|range km=870
|range miles=544
|range miles=544
|endurance h=<!-- if range unknown -->
|endurance min=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=3,400
|ceiling m=3,400
|ceiling ft=11,210
|ceiling ft=11,210
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic aircraft -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic aircraft -->
|glide ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|climb rate ms=2.8
|climb rate ms=2.8
|climb rate ftmin=550
|climb rate ftmin=550
|armament = *2 × trainable .303 in (7.7 mm) [[Lewis gun]]s in open position in nose
|sink rate ms=<!-- sailplanes -->
*2 × trainable .303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis guns in open dorsal position
|sink rate ftmin=<!-- sailplanes -->
*1 × trainable .303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis gun in ventral hatch

*2,205 lb (1,000 kg) of bombs
|armament1=2 × trainable .303 in (7.7 mm) [[Lewis gun]]s in open position in nose
|armament2=2 × trainable .303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis guns in open dorsal position
|armament3=1 × trainable .303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis gun in ventral hatch
|armament4=2,205 lb (1,000 kg) of bombs
|armament5=
|armament6=
}}
}}


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==References==
==References==
===Notes===
{{commons category|Keystone XLB-3}}
;Notes
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
;Bibliography
===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
* Taylor, Michael J. H. ''Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation''. London: Studio Editions, 1989.
* Taylor, Michael J. H. ''Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation''. London: Studio Editions, 1989.
* ''World Aircraft Information Files''. London: Bright Star Publishing, File 899, Sheet 09.
* ''World Aircraft Information Files''. London: Bright Star Publishing, File 899, Sheet 09.
{{refend}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Keystone XLB-3}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131004214241/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=2427 National Museum of the USAF XLB-3 fact sheet]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131004214241/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=2427 National Museum of the USAF XLB-3 fact sheet]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131004214139/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=2428 National Museum of the USAF XLB-3A fact sheet]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131004214139/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=2428 National Museum of the USAF XLB-3A fact sheet]
* [http://home.att.net/~jbaugher2/lb3.html American Bombing Aircraft]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090102111503/http://home.att.net/~jbaugher2/lb3.html American Bombing Aircraft]
<!-- ==External links== -->


{{Keystone aircraft}}
{{Keystone aircraft}}
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[[Category:Light bombers]]
[[Category:Light bombers]]
[[Category:Keystone aircraft|LB-3]]
[[Category:Keystone aircraft|LB-3]]
[[Category:Twin-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:1920s United States bomber aircraft|Keystone LB-3]]
[[Category:United States bomber aircraft 1920–1929|Keystone LB-3]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1927]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1927]]
[[Category:Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft]]

Latest revision as of 19:56, 26 July 2020

XLB-3
XLB-3A
Role Light bomber
National origin United States
Manufacturer Keystone Aircraft
First flight ca. December 1927
Primary user United States Army Air Corps
Number built 1

The Keystone XLB-3 (originally built under the Huff-Daland name) was a prototype bomber biplane developed in the United States in the late 1920s. It was a twin-engine development of the single-engine LB-1, brought about by a change in policy by the United States Army Air Corps (USAAC).

Design and development

[edit]

The shift from a nose-mounted engine to engines mounted in nacelles on the lower wing created an opportunity to provide stations for two extra crewmembers: a bombardier and a nose-gunner, bringing the total to five. The LB-1's single tailfin and rudder was augmented by an extra rudder either side of it.

Operational history

[edit]

A single prototype was constructed, and delivered to the USAAC for evaluation at the end of 1927. Evaluation, however, showed that performance was actually inferior to that of the single-engine LB-1. The decision was taken to change the XLB-3's air-cooled inverted Liberty engines for air-cooled radials, at which point it was redesignated XLB-3A. With performance still unsatisfactory, development was abandoned in favor of a parallel design, the LB-5.

Variants

[edit]

Specifications (XLB-3A)

[edit]

Data from Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation[1]

General characteristics

  • Crew: Five – pilot, copilot, bombardier, two gunners
  • Length: 45 ft 0 in (13.72 m)
  • Wingspan: 67 ft 0 in (20.42 m)
  • Height: 16 ft 10 in (5.13 m)
  • Wing area: 105.8 sq ft (1,038 m2)
  • Empty weight: 6,065 lb (2,756 kg)
  • Gross weight: 11,682 lb (5,310 kg)
  • Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney R-1340 , 410 hp (305 kW) each

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 116 mph (186 km/h, 101 kn)
  • Range: 544 mi (870 km, 473 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 11,210 ft (3,400 m)
  • Rate of climb: 550 ft/min (2.8 m/s)

Armament

  • 2 × trainable .303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis guns in open position in nose
  • 2 × trainable .303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis guns in open dorsal position
  • 1 × trainable .303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis gun in ventral hatch
  • 2,205 lb (1,000 kg) of bombs

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Taylor 1989, p. 559.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Taylor, Michael J. H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions, 1989.
  • World Aircraft Information Files. London: Bright Star Publishing, File 899, Sheet 09.
[edit]
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