Chronic addiction substitution treatment: Difference between revisions

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Chronic addiction substitution treatment (CAST) is a policy adopted by Vancouver City Council in 2007^[1] to reduce the harms of drug prohibition by providing substitutes to those with addictions.^[2]

Overview

CAST attempts to reduce homelessness and crime by replacing illegal opiates with pharmaceutical heroin, hydromorphone or other substitutes.

History

Vancouver has a long history of innovation in drug treatment.^[3]^[4] The first methadone maintenance treatment program was developed in Vancouver in 1959. For 15 years, Vancouver had the only supervised injection site in North America: Insite.

CAST was developed by Mayor Sam Sullivan as a result of his experience with the overdose crisis of the 1990s. He formed an organization called Inner Change to advocate for and fund-raise^[5] for a research trial called SALOME.^[6]

The policy was opposed by opposition Council members and narrowly passed with 6 to 5 votes even though it was unpopular with some in his core base and faced much opposition from the community.

The idea of giving heroin to heroin addicts is controversial.^[7] Nonetheless many otherwise "conservative" sectors have endorsed the plan.^[8]

Subsequent efforts

After Sullivan did not receive his party's endorsement to run for re-election, he focused on raising funds to implement the SALOME research trials.^[9] This proved that alternatives could be used for heroin. Despite the success of the research no program was instituted by the time the fentanyl crisis of late 2015 hit the province.

References

^ "Drug substitution and maintenance treatment" (PDF). Council. Vancouver. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
^ "Vancouver Drug program raises controversy". The Canadian Encyclodedia, Macleans 2007.
^ "Vancouver combats heroin by giving its addicts the best smack in the world". PRI world.
^ "Vancouver researchers find pain medication can work as treatment for severe heroin addiction". The Georgia Straight.
^ "Supports for addictions reaserch". University of British Columbia.
^ "SALOME".
^ "Handing Heroin to Addicts" (PDF). National Post.
^ "Wait-are you sure we're talking about the same John Reynolds?". Macleans.
^ "Sam Sullivan speaks about SALOME". AHA Media. Retrieved 4 September 2017.

[1] "Drug substitution and maintenance treatment" (PDF). Council. Vancouver. Retrieved 3 September 2017.

[2] "Vancouver Drug program raises controversy". The Canadian Encyclodedia, Macleans 2007.

[3] "Vancouver combats heroin by giving its addicts the best smack in the world". PRI world.

[4] "Vancouver researchers find pain medication can work as treatment for severe heroin addiction". The Georgia Straight.

[5] "Supports for addictions reaserch". University of British Columbia.

[6] "SALOME".

[7] "Handing Heroin to Addicts" (PDF). National Post.

[8] "Wait-are you sure we're talking about the same John Reynolds?". Macleans.

[9] "Sam Sullivan speaks about SALOME". AHA Media. Retrieved 4 September 2017.

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-'''Chronic Addiction Substitution Treatment''' (CAST) is a policy adopted by [[Vancouver City Council]] in 2007<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://council.vancouver.ca/20071002/documents/a4.pdf|title=Drug substitution and maintenance treatment|last=|first=|date=|website=Council. Vancouver|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=3 September 2017}}</ref> to reduce the harms of drug prohibition by providing substitutes to those with addictions.
+'''Chronic addiction substitution treatment''' ('''CAST''') is a policy adopted by [[Vancouver City Council]] in 2007<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://council.vancouver.ca/20071002/documents/a4.pdf|title=Drug substitution and maintenance treatment|website=Council. Vancouver|access-date=3 September 2017}}</ref> to reduce the harms of drug prohibition by providing substitutes to those with addictions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/vancouver-drug-program-raises-controversy/|title=Vancouver Drug program raises controversy|last=|first=|date=|website=The Canadian Encyclodedia, Macleans 2007}}</ref>
 == Overview ==
-CAST attempts to reduce the spread of disease, homelessness and crime, by replacing illegal opiates with [[methadone]], [[nicotine]] or other substitutes.
+CAST attempts to reduce homelessness and crime by replacing illegal opiates with pharmaceutical heroin, hydromorphone or other substitutes.
 == History ==
-Vancouver has a long history of innovation in drug treatment. The first Methadone Maintenance Treatment program was developed in Vancouver. For 15 years, Vancouver had the only supervised injection site: [[Insite]].
+Vancouver has a long history of innovation in drug treatment.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vancouver combats heroin by giving its addicts the best smack in the world|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-02-04/vancouver-combats-heroin-giving-its-addicts-best-smack-world|website=PRI world}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Vancouver researchers find pain medication can work as treatment for severe heroin addiction|url=https://www.straight.com/news/671466/vancouver-researchers-find-pain-medication-can-work-treatment-severe-heroin-addiction|publisher=The Georgia Straight}}</ref> The first methadone maintenance treatment program was developed in Vancouver in 1959. For 15 years, Vancouver had the only supervised injection site in North America: [[Insite]].
-CAST was developed by Mayor [[Sam Sullivan]] as a result of his experience with the overdose crisis of the 1990s. He formed an organization called Inner Change to advocate for and manage the program<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://globalcivic.org/about-sam-sullivan/|title=About Sam Sullivan|last=|first=|date=|website=Global Civic Policy Society|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>.
+CAST was developed by Mayor [[Sam Sullivan]] as a result of his experience with the overdose crisis of the 1990s. He formed an organization called Inner Change to advocate for and fund-raise<ref>{{cite web|title=Supports for addictions reaserch|url=http://giving.med.ubc.ca/support-for-addictions-research/|website=University of British Columbia}}</ref> for a research trial called SALOME.<ref>{{cite web|title=SALOME|url=http://www.providencehealthcare.org/salome/faqs.html}}</ref>
-The policy was opposed by opposition Council members and narrowly passed with the votes of his party 6 to 5 even though it was unpopular with some in his core base.
+The policy was opposed by opposition Council members and narrowly passed with 6 to 5 votes even though it was unpopular with some in his core base and faced much opposition from the community.
+The idea of giving heroin to heroin addicts is controversial.<ref>{{cite web|title=Handing Heroin to Addicts|url=http://davidberner.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/DavidBerner-HandingHerointoAddicts.pdf|publisher=National Post}}</ref> Nonetheless many otherwise "conservative" sectors have endorsed the plan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wait-are you sure we're talking about the same John Reynolds?|url=http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/wait-are-you-sure-were-talking-about-the-same-john-reynolds/|publisher=Macleans}}</ref>
 == Subsequent efforts ==
-After Sullivan was ousted from his party he focused on raising funds to implement the SALOME research trials<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ahamedia.ca/category/sam-sullivan-former-mayor-of-vancouver/|title=Sam Sullivan speaks about SALOME|last=|first=|date=|work=AHA Media|access-date=4 September 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}</ref>. This proved that alternatives could be used for heroin. Despite the success of the research no program was instituted by the time the fentanyl crisis hit the province
+After Sullivan did not receive his party's endorsement to run for re-election, he focused on raising funds to implement the SALOME research trials.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ahamedia.ca/category/sam-sullivan-former-mayor-of-vancouver/|title=Sam Sullivan speaks about SALOME|work=AHA Media|access-date=4 September 2017}}</ref> This proved that alternatives could be used for heroin. Despite the success of the research no program was instituted by the time the [[fentanyl]] crisis of late 2015 hit the province.
 ==References==
 <references />
 [[Category:Municipal government of Vancouver]]