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Heterogeneity is a diverseness of constituent structure.

Heterogeneity or heterogeneous may also refer to:

Data analysis

Heterogeneity in statistics
Heterogeneity in economics
Study heterogeneity, a concept in statistics
Heterogeneous relation

Biology and medicine

Heterogeneous conditions in medicine are those conditions which have several causes/etiologies
A heterogeneous taxon, a taxon that contains a great variety of individuals or sub-taxa; usually this implies that the taxon is an artificial grouping
Genetic heterogeneity, multiple origins causing the same disorder in different individuals.
Allelic heterogeneity, different mutations at the same locus causing the same disorder.

Chemistry

A heterogeneous reaction, a reaction in chemical kinetics that takes place at the interface of two or more phases, i.e. between a solid and a gas, a liquid and a gas, or a solid and a liquid
A heterogeneous catalysis, one in which the catalyst is in a different phase from the substrate

Ecology

Heterogeneity in landscape ecology, the measure of how different parts of a landscape are from one another.

Computer science

Heterogeneous computing, electronic systems that utilize a variety of different types of computational units
Semantic heterogeneity, where there are differences in meaning and interpretation across data sources and datasets
A data resource with multiple types of formats.

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+{{wiktionary|heterogeneity|heterogeneous}}
-{{Wiktionary}}
+'''[[Heterogeneity]]''' is a diverseness of constituent structure.
+'''Heterogeneity''' or '''heterogeneous''' may also refer to:
-'''Heterogeneous'''  is an adjective used to describe an object or system consisting of multiple items having a large number of structural variations. It is the opposite of ''[[homogeneous]]'', which means that an object or system consists of multiple identical items. The term is often used in a [[science|scientific]] (such as a kind of [[catalyst]]), [[mathematics|mathematical]], [[sociology|sociological]] or [[statistics|statistical]] context.
+==Data analysis==
-==Physics and chemistry==
+* [[Heterogeneity (statistics)|Heterogeneity in statistics]]
-A ''heterogeneous mixture'' is a [[mixture]] of two or more [[Chemical compound|compounds]]. Examples are: mixtures of sand and water or sand and iron filings, a conglomerate rock, water and oil, a salad, trail mix, and [[concrete]] (not [[cement]]). During the [[Sampling (statistics)| sampling]] of heterogeneous mixtures of particles, the variance of the [[sampling error]] is generally non-zero. [[Gy's sampling theory]] <ref>Gy, P (1979) ''Sampling of Particulate Materials: Theory and Practice'', Elsevier: Amsterdam, 431 pp.'' </ref> quantitatively defines the '''heterogeneity''' of a particle as:
+* [[Heterogeneity in economics]]
+* [[Study heterogeneity]], a concept in statistics
+* [[Heterogeneous relation]]
+==Biology and medicine==
-:<math>h_i = \frac{(c_i - c_\text{batch})m_i}{c_\text{batch} m_\text{aver}} .</math>
+* [[Heterogeneous condition]]s in medicine are those conditions which have several causes/etiologies
+* A ''heterogeneous taxon'', a [[taxon]] that contains a great variety of individuals or sub-taxa; usually this implies that the taxon is an artificial grouping
+* [[Genetic heterogeneity]], multiple origins causing the same disorder in different individuals.
+* [[Allelic heterogeneity]], different mutations at the same locus causing the same disorder.
+==Chemistry==
-where <math>h_i</math>, <math>c_i</math>, <math>c_\text{batch}</math>, <math>m_i</math>, and <math>m_\text{aver}</math> are respectively: the heterogeneity of the <math>i</math>th particle of the population, the mass concentration of the property of interest in the <math>i</math>th particle of the population, the mass concentration of the property of interest in the population, the mass of the <math>i</math>th particle in the population, and the average mass of a particle in the population.
+*A [[Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions|heterogeneous reaction]], a reaction in chemical kinetics that takes place at the interface of two or more phases, i.e. between a solid and a gas, a liquid and a gas, or a solid and a liquid
+*A [[heterogeneous catalysis]], one in which the catalyst is in a different phase from the substrate
+==Ecology==
-In chemical kinetics, a ''heterogeneous reaction'' is one that takes place at the interface of two or more phases, i.e. between a solid and a gas, a liquid and a gas, or a solid and a liquid. In [[heterogeneous catalysis]] the catalyst is in a different phase from the substrate.
+* Heterogeneity in [[landscape ecology]], the measure of how different parts of a landscape are from one another.
-the state of constant fluctuation
-==Molecular biology==
+==Computer science==
+* [[Heterogeneous computing]], electronic systems that utilize a variety of different types of computational units
-''Heterogeneity of [[ion channel]]s'' means diversity of different types of channels serving a specific kind of current, e.g. by channels with different constitutive [[Protein subunit|subunits]]. <ref>{{cite journal |author=Vicini S |title=New perspectives in the functional role of GABA(A) channel heterogeneity |journal=Mol. Neurobiol. |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=97–110 |year=1999 |month=April |pmid=10371465 |doi=10.1007/BF02743656 |url=}}</ref> A ''loss of heterogeneity'' (not to be confused with [[loss of heterozygosity]]) means absence or dysfunction of one or more of the contributing types of channels, with a risk of disturbance in the associated ion flow.
+* [[Semantic heterogeneity]], where there are differences in meaning and interpretation across data sources and datasets
+* A [[data resource]] with multiple types of formats.
-==Statistics and econometrics==
-See [[Study heterogeneity]].
-==Systems==
-In the world of enterprise computing, ''heterogeneous data'' is a mix of [[data]] from two or more sources, often of two or more formats, e.g., [[SQL]] and [[XML]].
-Distributed systems are called ''heterogeneous'' if they contain many different types of hardware and software.
-== Taxonomy ==
-In [[taxonomy]], a ''heterogeneous taxon'' is a taxon that contains a great variety of individuals or sub-taxa; usually this implies that the taxon is an artificial grouping.
-== Genetics ==
-In genetics, [[Genetic heterogeneity|heterogeneity ]]refers to multiple origins causing the same disorder in different individuals. If a number of different mutations occurring within the same [[gene]] produce disorders, it is said to manifest ''[[allelic heterogeneity]]''. This term has been used when a number of different alleles cause a similar [[phenotype]] or different phenotypes.
-Example diseases:
-* Different FBN1 mutations causing [[Marfan's syndrome]]
-* [[Cystic fibrosis]] is caused by mutations in 136 different alleles
-* Alpha-[[Thalassemia]] or [[sickle cell anemia]] can be caused by different mutations in alpha-globin gene.
-If mutations in unrelated gene [[Locus (genetics)|loci]] cause a single disorder, it is referred to as [[Genetic heterogeneity|locus heterogeneity]].
-== Ecology ==
-{{main|Landscape ecology}}
-In ecology, heterogeneity is the measure of how different parts of a landscape are from one another.
-== Computing ==
-[[Heterogeneous computing]] systems refer to electronic systems that utilize a variety of different types of computational units.  A computational unit could be a [[cpu |general-purpose processor]] (GPP), a special-purpose processor (i.e. [[Digital signal processor|DSP]] or [[GPU]]), a co-processor, or custom acceleration logic ([[ASIC]] or [[FPGA]]).  In general a heterogeneous computing platform consists of processors with different [[instruction set architectures]] (ISAs).  The demand for increased heterogeneity in computing systems is partially due to the need for high-performance, highly-reactive systems that interact with other environments (audio/video systems, control systems, networked applications, etc.).  In the past, huge advances in technology and frequency scaling allowed the majority of computer applications to increase in performance without requiring structural changes or custom hardware acceleration.  While these advances continue, their effect on modern applications is not as dramatic as other obstacles such as the [[memory_wall#Memory wall|memory-wall]] and [[powerwall]] come into play.  Now, with these additional constraints, the primary method of gaining extra performance out of computing systems is to introduce additional specialized resources, thus making a computing system heterogeneous.  The addition of extra, independent computing resources necessarily allows most heterogeneous systems to be considered [[parallel computing]] systems.
-==References==
-{{reflist}}
 ==See also==
-*[[Homogeneity]]
+*[[Homogeneity and heterogeneity]]
+*[[Homogeneity (disambiguation)]]
+*[[Degeneracy_(biology)| Degeneracy]]
-[[Category:Structure]]
+{{disamb}}
-[[cs:Heterogennost]]
-[[da:Heterogenitet]]
-[[de:Heterogenität]]
-[[no:Heterogenitet]]
-[[pl:Heterogeniczność]]
-[[ro:Eterogenitate]]
-[[sv:Heterogen]]