Second-generation jet fighter: Difference between revisions
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#REDIRECT[[Jet fighter generations#Second generation]] |
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{{original research|date=January 2011}} |
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{{r from subtopic}} |
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{{unreferenced|date=January 2011}} |
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The '''second generation jet fighters''' existed between the mid-1950s to the early 1960s. |
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[[Image:Lightning.inflight.arp.750pix.jpg|thumb|right|240px|[[English Electric Lightning]]]] |
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==Development== |
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The development of second-generation fighters were shaped by technological breakthroughs, lessons learned from the aerial battles of the [[Korean War]], and a focus on conducting operations in a [[nuclear warfare]] environment. Technological advances in [[aerodynamics]], [[Aircraft engine|propulsion]] and aerospace building materials (primarily [[aluminum alloy]]s) permitted designers to experiment with [[aeronautics|aeronautical]] innovations, such as [[swept wing]]s, [[delta wing]]s, and [[area rule|area-ruled]] fuselages. Widespread use of after-burning turbojet engines made these the first production aircraft to break the sound barrier, and the ability to sustain supersonic speeds in level flight became a common capability amongst fighters of this generation. |
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[[Image:Two Mirage III of the Royal Australian Air Force 1.JPEG|thumb|left|[[Dassault Mirage III]]]] |
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==Electronics== |
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Fighter designs also took advantage of new electronics technologies that made effective radars small enough to be carried aboard smaller aircraft. Onboard radars permitted detection of enemy aircraft beyond visual range, thereby improving the handoff of targets by longer-ranged ground-based warning and tracking radars. Similarly, advances in guided missile development allowed air-to-air missiles to begin supplementing the gun as the primary offensive weapon for the first time in fighter history. During this period, passive-homing [[Air-to-air missile#Infrared guidance|infrared-guided (IR) missiles]] became commonplace, but early IR missile sensors had poor sensitivity and a very narrow [[field of view]] (typically no more than 30°), which limited their effective use to only close-range, [[tail-chase engagement]]s. Radar-guided (RF) missiles were introduced as well, but early examples proved unreliable. These [[semi-active radar homing]] (SARH) missiles could track and intercept an enemy aircraft "painted" by the launching aircraft's onboard radar. Medium- and long-range RF air-to-air missiles promised to open up a new dimension of "[[Beyond Visual Range missile|beyond-visual-range]]" (BVR) combat, and much effort was placed in further development of this technology. |
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[[Image:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21PF USAF.jpg|thumb|right|[[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21|MiG-21F]] interceptor]] |
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==Weapons== |
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The prospect of a potential third world war featuring large mechanized armies and nuclear weapon strikes led to a degree of specialization along two design approaches: [[Interceptor aircraft|interceptors]] (like the [[English Electric Lightning]] and [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21]]F) and [[fighter-bomber]]s (such as the [[F-105 Thunderchief|Republic F-105 Thunderchief]] and the [[Sukhoi Su-7]]). [[Dogfight]]ing, per se, was deemphasized in both cases. The interceptor was an outgrowth of the vision that guided missiles would completely replace guns and combat would take place at beyond visual ranges. As a result, interceptors were designed with a large missile payload and a powerful radar, sacrificing agility in favour of high speed, altitude ceiling and [[rate of climb]]. With a primary air defence role, emphasis was placed on the ability to intercept strategic bombers flying at high altitudes. Specialized point-defence interceptors often had limited range and little, if any, ground-attack capabilities. Fighter-bombers could swing between air superiority and ground-attack roles, and were often designed for a high-speed, low-altitude dash to deliver their ordnance. [[Television]]- and IR-guided air-to-surface missiles were introduced to augment traditional [[gravity bomb]]s, and some were also equipped to deliver a [[Nuclear weapon|nuclear bomb]]. |
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==Aircraft== |
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* {{FRA}} |
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** [[Dassault Super Mystère]] |
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** [[Dassault Étendard IV]] |
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** [[Dassault Mirage III]]/[[Dassault Mirage 5]] |
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* {{IND}} |
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** [[HAL HF-24 Marut]] |
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* {{ISR}} |
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** [[IAI Nesher]] |
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* {{PRC}} |
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** [[Shenyang J-6]] |
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** [[Chengdu J-7]] |
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* {{USSR}} |
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** [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19]] |
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** [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21]] |
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** [[Sukhoi Su-7]] |
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** [[Sukhoi Su-9]]/[[Sukhoi Su-11]] |
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** [[Yakovlev Yak-38]] <small>(navy)</small> |
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* {{SWE}} |
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** [[Saab 32 Lansen]] |
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** [[Saab 35 Draken]] |
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* {{UK}} |
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** [[De Havilland Sea Vixen]] <small>(navy)</small> |
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** [[English Electric Lightning]] |
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** [[Gloster Javelin]] |
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** [[Hawker Hunter]] |
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** [[Supermarine Scimitar]] <small>(navy)</small> |
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** [[Supermarine Swift]] |
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* {{flag|United States|1912}} |
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** [[Chance Vought]] [[F-8 Crusader]] <small>(navy)</small> |
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** [[Convair]] [[F-102 Delta Dagger]] |
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** [[Convair]] [[F-106 Delta Dart]] |
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** [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] [[F4D Skyray]] <small>(navy)</small> |
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** [[Grumman]] [[F-11 Tiger]] <small>(navy)</small> |
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** [[Lockheed Corporation]] [[F-104 Starfighter]] |
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** [[McDonnell Aircraft]] [[F-101 Voodoo]] |
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** [[North American Aviation]] [[F-100 Super Sabre]] |
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** [[North American Aviation]] [[FJ-4 Fury]] <small>(navy)</small> |
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** [[Republic Aviation Company]] [[F-105 Thunderchief]] |
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===Canceled Aircraft=== |
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* {{flag|Canada|1957}} |
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** [[Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow]] <small>(maiden flight on 25 March 1958)</small> |
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* {{flag|Egypt|UAR}} |
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** [[Helwan HA-300]] <small>(maiden flight on 7 March 1964)</small> |
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==See also== |
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*[[First generation jet fighter]] |
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*[[Third generation jet fighter]] |
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{{mil-aviation-stub}} |
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[[Category:Fighter aircraft|Jet fighter]] |
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[[Category:Generations of jet fighter]] |
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[[he:מטוס קרב של הדור השני]] |
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[[hu:Második generációs vadászrepülőgép]] |
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[[vi:Máy bay tiêm kích phản lực thế hệ thứ hai]] |
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Latest revision as of 14:00, 7 January 2021
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