Cygnus falconeri: Difference between revisions
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| name = Giant swan |
| name = Giant swan |
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| fossil_range = {{fossilrange|Middle Pleistocene}} |
| fossil_range = {{fossilrange|Middle Pleistocene}} |
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| image=Cygnus falconeri giant swan .jpg |
| image=Cygnus falconeri giant swan 2.jpg |
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| image_alt=Reconstruction of Cygnus falconeri with Palaeoloxodon falconeri and a human for scale |
| image_alt=Reconstruction of Cygnus falconeri with Palaeoloxodon falconeri and a human for scale |
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| image_caption= Reconstruction of ''Cygnus falconeri'' with ''[[Palaeoloxodon falconeri]]'' and a human for scale |
| image_caption= Reconstruction of ''Cygnus falconeri'' with ''[[Palaeoloxodon falconeri]]'' and a human for scale |
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'''''Cygnus falconeri''''' |
'''''Cygnus falconeri''''' is an extinct, very large [[swan]] known from [[Middle Pleistocene]]-aged deposits from [[Malta]] and [[Sicily]]. Its dimensions are described as exceeding those of the living [[mute swan]] by one-third,<ref>{{cite book | last = Heilprin | first = Angelo | author-link = Angelo Heilprin | title = The Geographical and Geological Distribution of Animals |edition=reprint | publisher = Ayer Publishing | year = 1974 | location = New York | pages = 333 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cWCLY2RDpjUC&q=cygnus+falconeri+dimensions&pg=PA333 | isbn = 0-405-05742-3 }}</ref> which would give a bill-to-tail length of about {{cvt|190|-|210|cm}} (based on 145–160 cm for ''[[Mute swan|C. olor]]''<ref name=bwpc>{{cite book |last1=Snow |first1=D. W. |last2=Perrins |first2=C. M. |year=1998 |title=The Birds of the Western Palearctic |edition=Concise |publisher=OUP |isbn=0-19-854099-X}}.</ref>). By comparison to the bones of living swans, it can be estimated that it weighed around {{cvt|16|kg|lbs}} and had a wingspan of about {{cvt|3|m|ft}}.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Northcote, E. M. |year=2008|title=Size, Form and Habit of the Extinct Maltese Swan ''Cygnus falconeri''|journal=Ibis|volume=124|issue=2|pages=148–158|doi=10.1111/j.1474-919x.1982.tb03753.x}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Watanabe, J.|author2=Matsuoka, H. |year=2015 |title=Flightless diving duck (Aves, Anatidae) from the Pleistocene of Shiriya, northeast Japan|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|volume=35|issue=6|page=e994745|doi=10.1080/02724634.2014.994745}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Watanabe, J. |year=2017|title=Quantitative discrimination of flightlessness in fossil Anatidae from skeletal proportions|journal=The Auk|volume=134|issue=3|pages=672–695|doi=10.1642/auk-17-23.1|hdl=2433/227150|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Due to its size, it may have been [[Flightless bird|flightless]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Antoni |first=Josep |date=May 30, 2000 |url=http://www.hucc.hokudai.ac.jp/~a11277/abstract10.htm#_10._Vertebrate_Evolution |title=Vertebrate Evolution and Extinction on Western and Central Mediterranean Islands |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060418224923/http://www.hucc.hokudai.ac.jp/~a11277/abstract10.htm |archivedate=2006-04-18 |journal=Tropics |issue=10 |pages=103–123}}</ref> The remains of the species are associated with the ''[[Elephas mnaidriensis]]'' faunal complex, and became extinct long before the arrival of people to Sicily and Malta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bonfiglio |first1=Laura |last2=Mangano |first2=Gabriella |last3=Marra |first3=Antonella Cinzia |last4=Masini |first4=Federico |last5=Pavia |first5=Marco |last6=Petruso |first6=Daria |date=December 2002 |title=Pleistocene Calabrian and Sicilian bioprovinces |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016699502000463 |journal=Geobios |language=en |volume=35 |pages=29–39 |doi=10.1016/S0016-6995(02)00046-3|bibcode=2002Geobi..35...29B |hdl=2318/89144 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Its bones are exhibited at [[Għar Dalam]] museum in [[Birżebbuġa]], Malta. |
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== References ==<!-- IntGeolCongr32FieldTripGuideBookB07 --> |
== References ==<!-- IntGeolCongr32FieldTripGuideBookB07 --> |
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Latest revision as of 17:50, 6 November 2024
| Giant swan Temporal range:
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| Reconstruction of Cygnus falconeri with Palaeoloxodon falconeri and a human for scale | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Anseriformes |
| Family: | Anatidae |
| Genus: | Cygnus |
| Species: | C. falconeri
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| Binomial name | |
| Cygnus falconeri | |
Cygnus falconeri is an extinct, very large swan known from Middle Pleistocene-aged deposits from Malta and Sicily. Its dimensions are described as exceeding those of the living mute swan by one-third,[2] which would give a bill-to-tail length of about 190–210 cm (75–83 in) (based on 145–160 cm for C. olor[3]). By comparison to the bones of living swans, it can be estimated that it weighed around 16 kg (35 lb) and had a wingspan of about 3 m (9.8 ft).[4][5][6] Due to its size, it may have been flightless.[7] The remains of the species are associated with the Elephas mnaidriensis faunal complex, and became extinct long before the arrival of people to Sicily and Malta.[8] Its bones are exhibited at Għar Dalam museum in Birżebbuġa, Malta.
References
[edit]- ^ Parker, W. K. (1865). "Preliminary notes on some fossil birds from the Zebbug Cave, Malta". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1865: 752–753 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
- ^ Heilprin, Angelo (1974). The Geographical and Geological Distribution of Animals (reprint ed.). New York: Ayer Publishing. p. 333. ISBN 0-405-05742-3.
- ^ Snow, D. W.; Perrins, C. M. (1998). The Birds of the Western Palearctic (Concise ed.). OUP. ISBN 0-19-854099-X..
- ^ Northcote, E. M. (2008). "Size, Form and Habit of the Extinct Maltese Swan Cygnus falconeri". Ibis. 124 (2): 148–158. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1982.tb03753.x.
- ^ Watanabe, J.; Matsuoka, H. (2015). "Flightless diving duck (Aves, Anatidae) from the Pleistocene of Shiriya, northeast Japan". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (6): e994745. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.994745.
- ^ Watanabe, J. (2017). "Quantitative discrimination of flightlessness in fossil Anatidae from skeletal proportions". The Auk. 134 (3): 672–695. doi:10.1642/auk-17-23.1. hdl:2433/227150.
- ^ Antoni, Josep (May 30, 2000). "Vertebrate Evolution and Extinction on Western and Central Mediterranean Islands". Tropics (10): 103–123. Archived from the original on 2006-04-18.
- ^ Bonfiglio, Laura; Mangano, Gabriella; Marra, Antonella Cinzia; Masini, Federico; Pavia, Marco; Petruso, Daria (December 2002). "Pleistocene Calabrian and Sicilian bioprovinces". Geobios. 35: 29–39. Bibcode:2002Geobi..35...29B. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(02)00046-3. hdl:2318/89144.
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