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{{Short description|Ethnic group}}
{{Short description|Ethnic group}}
{{Other uses|Malay (disambiguation){{!}}Malay}}
{{Other uses|Malay (disambiguation){{!}}Malay}}
{{Distinguish|[[Malaysian Siamese]]|text=[[Malaysian Siamese]], residents of [[Malaysia]] of [[Thai people|Thai]] descent}}

{{Infobox ethnic group|
{{Infobox ethnic group|
| group = Thai Malays
| group = Thai Malays
| native_name = ไทยเชื้อสายมลายู<br/>ملايو تاي<br/>''Orang Melayu Thai''<br/>''Oré Jawi''</small><ref>{{harvp|Le Roux|1998|page=245}}</ref><br/>''Bangso Yawi''
| native_name = ไทยเชื้อสายมลายู<br/>{{Script/Arabic|ملايو تاي}}<br/>''Orang Melayu Thailand''<br/>''Oré Jawi''<ref>{{harvp|Le Roux|1998|page=245}}</ref><br/>''Bangso Yawi''<br/>''Oghae Nayu''
| image = [[Image:Malay Muslims in Songkhla.jpg|center|200px]]
| image = Malay Muslims in Songkhla.jpg
| caption = Thai Malay boys in [[Songkhla]]
| caption = Thai Malay boys in [[Songkhla]]
| total = 1.9 million
| total = 1.5 million
| total_year = 2006
| total_year = 2018
| total_source = estimate
| total_source = estimate
| total_ref = <ref name=MRG>{{Cite web|url=https://minorityrights.org/communities/malay-muslims/|title=Malay Muslims in Thailand|date=April 2018|access-date=30 November 2024}}</ref>
| total_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Thailand: Ethnicity, Regionalism, and Language|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+th0052)|website=lcweb2.loc.gov}}</ref>
| popplace = {{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Thailand]] (mostly in [[Southern Thailand]])<br/>{{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Malaysia]] ([[Kelantan]], [[Kedah]], [[Terengganu]] and [[Perlis]])
| popplace = {{flag|Thailand}}<br/>{{flag|Malaysia}}
| langs = [[Thai language|Thai]], [[Southern Thai language|Southern Thai]], [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Pattani Malay]], [[Kedah Malay]] and [[Bangkok Malay]]
| langs = [[Malayic languages]]{{small|{{hlist|([[Kelantan-Pattani Malay]]|[[Songkhla Malay]], [[Satun Malay]]|[[Bangkok Malay]])}}}} [[Thai language|Thai]] and [[Southern Thai language|Southern Thai]]
| rels = Mainly [[Sunni Islam]]<ref name=MRG/> of the [[Shafi'i school]] (Shafi'i Madhab), with a small [[Theravada|Buddhist]] and [[Minority religion|other minorities]]
| rels = [[Sunni Islam]]
| related = [[Malaysian Malay]] (especially [[Kedahan Malay people|Kedahan Malays]] and [[Kelantanese Malay people|Malays in Kelantan]] and [[Terengganuan Malay people|Terengganu]]), [[Burmese Malays]], other [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]]
| related = Other [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]]
}}
}}
⚫
'''Thai Malays''' ({{lang-ms|Orang Melayu Thai}}, [[Thai language|Thai]]: ไทยเชื้อสายมลายู, [[Jawi alphabet|Jawi]]: ملايو تاي, [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Pattani Malay]]: Oré Nayu, Jawi or Bangso Yawi), with officially recognized terms including 'Malayu-descended Thais' and 'Malay',<ref name="CERD/C/THA/1-3">{{Cite report|url=http://www.rlpd.go.th/rlpdnew/images/rlpd_1/HRC/CERD%201_3.pdf|title=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; Reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention: Thailand|date=28 July 2011|publisher=United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination|pages=3, 5 & 95|language=en, th|id=CERD/C/THA/1-3|access-date=8 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="master plan 2015">{{Cite book|url=http://www.harvardasia.co.th/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/503.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Social Development and Human Security|year=2015|location=Bangkok|pages=1 & 29|language=Thai|script-title=th:แผนแม่บท การพัฒนากลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ในประเทศไทย(พ.ศ.2558–2560)|trans-title=Master Plan for the Development of Ethnic Groups in Thailand 2015–2017}}</ref> is a term used to refer to [[Malays (ethnic group)|ethnic Malay]] citizens of [[Thailand]], the sixth largest [[Ethnic groups in Thailand|ethnic group in Thailand]]. Thailand is home to the third largest ethnic Malay population after [[Malaysia]] and [[Indonesia]] and most Malays are concentrated in the Southern provinces of [[Narathiwat Province|Narathiwat]], [[Pattani Province|Pattani]], [[Yala Province|Yala]], [[Songkhla Province|Songkhla]] and [[Satun Province|Satun]]. [[Phuket (city)|Phuket]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=phuket1.xls|url=http://web.nso.go.th/eng/en/pop2000/finalrep/tables/phuket/phuket1.xls|website=National Statistical Office (Thailand)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Descendants of the White-Blooded Lady|url=http://www.lestariheritage.net/phuket/webpages/mahsuri.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616200319/http://www.lestariheritage.net/phuket/webpages/mahsuri.htm|archive-date=2008-06-16|website=Phuket Heritage|publisher=Lestari Heritage Network}}</ref> and [[Ranong]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=ranong1.xls|url=http://web.nso.go.th/pop2000/finalrep/tables/ranong/ranong1.xls|website=National Statistical Office (Thailand)}}</ref> home to a sizeable Muslim population, also have many people who are of Malay descent.<ref>{{cite book|title=The South East Asian Review, 1976|author=Institute of South East Asian Studies|publisher=The Institute of South East Asian Studies|pages=167}}</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=October 2020}} A sizeable community also exists in Thailand's capital [[Bangkok]], having descended from migrants or deportees who were relocated from the South from the 13th century onwards.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mohamed Taher|title=Encyclopaedic Survey of Islamic Culture|publisher=Anmol Publications|isbn=81-261-0403-1|location=New Delhi|pages=228–229}}</ref>


⚫
'''Thai Malays''' ([[Standard Malay]]: ''Orang Melayu Thailand/Siam'', {{langx|th|ไทยเชื้อสายมลายู}}: [[Jawi alphabet|Jawi]]: {{lang|djw|{{Script/Arabic|ملايو تاي}}}}; [[Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Pattani Malay]]: ''Oré Nayu Siae'', ''Bangso Yawi''; [[Bangkok Malay]]: ''Oghae Nayu Thai''), with officially recognised terms including 'Malayu-descended Thais' and 'Malay',<ref name="CERD/C/THA/1-3">{{Cite report|url=http://www.rlpd.go.th/rlpdnew/images/rlpd_1/HRC/CERD%201_3.pdf|title=International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; Reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention: Thailand|date=28 July 2011|publisher=United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination|pages=3, 5 & 95|language=en, th|id=CERD/C/THA/1-3|access-date=8 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="master plan 2015">{{Cite book|url=http://www.harvardasia.co.th/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/503.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Social Development and Human Security|year=2015|location=Bangkok|pages=1 & 29|language=Thai|script-title=th:แผนแม่บท การพัฒนากลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ในประเทศไทย(พ.ศ.2558–2560)|trans-title=Master Plan for the Development of Ethnic Groups in Thailand 2015–2017}}</ref> is a term used to refer to [[Malays (ethnic group)|ethnic Malay]] citizens of [[Thailand]], the sixth largest [[Ethnic groups in Thailand|ethnic group in Thailand]]. Thailand is home to the third largest ethnic Malay population after [[Malaysia]] and [[Indonesia]]. Most Malays live primarily in the four southernmost provinces of [[Yala Province|Yala]], [[Narathiwat Province|Narathiwat]], [[Satun Province|Satun]] and [[Pattani Province|Pattani]].<ref name=MRG/> They live in one of the country’s poorest regions.<ref name=MRG/> They also live in [[Songkhla Province|Songkhla]], [[Phuket (city)|Phuket]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=phuket1.xls|url=http://web.nso.go.th/eng/en/pop2000/finalrep/tables/phuket/phuket1.xls|website=National Statistical Office (Thailand)|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Ranong]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=ranong1.xls|url=http://web.nso.go.th/pop2000/finalrep/tables/ranong/ranong1.xls|website=National Statistical Office (Thailand)|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Trang province]], home to a sizeable Muslim population, also have many people who are of Malay descent.<ref>{{cite book|title=The South East Asian Review, 1976|author=Institute of South East Asian Studies|publisher=The Institute of South East Asian Studies|pages=167}}</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=October 2020}} Some live in Thailand's capital [[Bangkok]].<ref name=MRG/> They are descended from migrants or deportees who were relocated from the South from the 13th century onwards.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mohamed Taher|title=Encyclopaedic Survey of Islamic Culture|publisher=Anmol Publications|isbn=8174884874|date=1997|location=New Delhi|pages=228–229}}</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=November 2024}}
== Cultural distinctiveness ==
⚫
{{See also|Sultanate of Patani|South Thailand insurgency}}
⚫
Separatist inclinations among ethnic Malays in Narathiwat, Pattani, Yala and Songkhla provinces, the cause of the [[South Thailand insurgency|Southern Thai insurgency]], are due in part to cultural differences from the [[Thai people]] as well as past experiences of forced attempts to assimilate them into Thai mainstream culture after the annexation of the [[Pattani Kingdom|Sultanate of Patani]] by the [[Sukhothai Kingdom]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/asiansecurityhan0000unse/page/240|title=Asian Security Handbook: An Assessment of Political-Security Issues in the Asia-Pacific Region|publisher=M. E. Sharpe|year=1996|isbn=1-56324-813-1|editor-last=Carpenter|editor-first=William M.|location=Armonk|pages=[https://archive.org/details/asiansecurityhan0000unse/page/240 240–6]|editor-last2=Wiencek|editor-first2=David G.}}</ref> In 1816, [[Thailand|Siam]] divided the Muslim tributary Sultanate of Patani into seven provinces as part of a policy of 'divide and rule'. Despite occasional subsequent rebellions, the policy was generally successful in ensuring peace until the beginning of the twentieth century. In 1901, Siam restructured the seven provinces into a single administrative unit, 'Monthon Pathani', under the new Ministry of the Interior, which consolidated the seven provinces into four: [[Pattani Province|Patani]], [[Narathiwat Province|Bangnara]], [[Sai Buri District|Saiburi]] and [[Yala Province|Yala]]. [[Kedah]] was then ceded to the English under the [[Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909|Anglo–Siamese Treaty]] of 1909, in which a more integrated district formerly belonging to Kedah became [[Satun Province]].<ref>{{harvp|Che Man|1990}}</ref> The Malay Muslims of Satun are less inclined towards separatism; this is largely a result of the historical affinity of the [[Setul Kingdom|Malay King of Setul]] towards Siam, compared to the violent breakup of the Sultanate of Patani. Pro-Thai inclinations can also be observed in Malay communities in Phuket, Ranong and Bangkok.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fraser |first=Thomas M. |title=Rusembilan: A Malay Fishing Village in Southern Thailand |date=1960 |publisher=[[Cornell University Press]] |series=Cornell Studies in Anthropology, I |location=Ithaca |pages=88}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Yegar|2002|pages=79–80}}</ref>


== Language ==
== History and politics ==
⚫
{{See also|Sultanate of Patani|Sultanate of Singora|Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara|Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909|South Thailand insurgency}}
⚫
The majority of Malays in Thailand speak a distinct variety of Malay known as [[Pattani Malay]] (Yawi: ''Baso Yawi/Pattani''). However, not all Thai Malays speak Pattani Malay, some people who live in [[Satun Province|Satun]] and its vicinage use another distinct variety of Malay known as [[Satun Malay]], while the Malays up north in [[Bangkok]] have developed their distinct variant of Malay that incorporated elements of localism with visible Pattani-Kedahan Malay dialect influences known as [[Bangkok Malay]] (Bangkok Malay: ''Bangkok Melayu/Nayu''). The Bangkok, Kedahan and Pattani are closely related and shared many similar vocabularies but still mutually partly unintelligible.
⚫
Separatist inclinations among ethnic Malays in Narathiwat, Pattani, Yala and Songkhla provinces, the cause of the [[South Thailand insurgency|Southern Thai insurgency]], are due in part to cultural differences from the [[Thai people]] as well as past experiences of forced attempts to assimilate them into Thai mainstream culture after the annexation of the [[Pattani Kingdom|Sultanate of Patani]] by Siamese [[Rattanakosin Kingdom]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/asiansecurityhan0000unse/page/240|title=Asian Security Handbook: An Assessment of Political-Security Issues in the Asia-Pacific Region|publisher=M. E. Sharpe|year=1996|isbn=1-56324-813-1|editor-last=Carpenter|editor-first=William M.|location=Armonk|pages=[https://archive.org/details/asiansecurityhan0000unse/page/240 240–6]|editor-last2=Wiencek|editor-first2=David G.}}</ref> In 1816, [[Thailand|Siam]] divided the sultanate into seven provinces as part of a policy of '[[divide and rule]]'. Despite occasional subsequent rebellions, the policy was generally successful in ensuring peace until the beginning of the twentieth century. In 1901, Siam restructured the seven provinces into a single administrative unit, 'Monthon Pathani', under the new Ministry of the Interior, which consolidated the seven provinces into four: [[Pattani Province|Patani]], [[Narathiwat Province|Bangnara]], [[Sai Buri District|Saiburi]] and [[Yala Province|Yala]]. [[Kedah]] was then ceded to the British under the [[Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909]], in which a more integrated district formerly belonging to Kedah became [[Satun Province]].<ref>{{harvp|Che Man|1990}}</ref> The Malay Muslims of Satun are less inclined towards separatism; this is largely a result of the historical affinity of the [[Setul Kingdom|Malay King of Setul]] towards Siam, compared to the violent breakup of the Sultanate of Patani. Pro-Thai inclinations can also be observed in Malay communities in Phuket, Ranong and Bangkok.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fraser |first=Thomas M. |title=Rusembilan: A Malay Fishing Village in Southern Thailand |date=1960 |publisher=[[Cornell University Press]] |series=Cornell Studies in Anthropology, I |location=Ithaca |pages=88}}</ref><ref>{{harvp|Yegar|2002|pages=79–80}}</ref>


==Culture==
Majority of Malays ethnics in [[Satun Province|Satun]] (but also a significant minority in [[Phatthalung]]<ref>{{Cite journal |year=1834 |title=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofroyala1618roya_0 |volume=16 |pages=167}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=October 2020}}<ref>{{cite book|title=The South East Asian Review|author=Institute of South East Asian Studies|publisher=The Institute of South East Asian Studies|pages=15|year=1976}}</ref>{{full citation needed|date=October 2020}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Annandale |first=Nelson |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.49411 |title=Fasciculi Malayenses: Anthropological and Zoological Results |last2=Robinson |first2=Herbert C. |publisher=Longmans, Green & Co. for The University Press of Liverpool |year=1903 |location=New York |pages=30}}</ref> [[Trang Province|Trang]], [[Krabi]], [[Phang Nga]] and Songkhla as well as in the Malaysian states of [[Kedah]], [[Perak]] and Perlis) are a distinct ethnic group who generally adhere to Islam, but are [[Thai people|Thai]] identity (although with some Malay influences) and speak a [[Southern Thai language|Southern Thai]] interspersed with some Malay loanwords.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kobkua Suwannathat-Pian |title=Civility and Savagery: Social Identity in Tai States |publisher=Curzon Press |year=2000 |isbn=0-7007-1173-2 |editor-last=Turton |editor-first=Andrew |location=Surrey |pages=162–175 |chapter=The Historical Development of Thai-Speaking Muslim Communities in Southern Thailand and Northern Malaysia}}</ref>
===Sub-ethnicity===
* Pattani-Kelantan Malay (''[[Kelantanese Malay people|Melayu Kelantan-Patani]]'')
** Pattani Malay
** Narathiwat/Tak Bai Malay (Kelantanese)
** Yala/Reman Malay
* Syiburi Malay (''[[Kedahan Malay people|Melayu Kedah]]'')
**Setun Malay
**Krabi Malay
**Trang Malay

===Cuisine===
In Province Pattani, Narathiwat & Yala also known as 3 Malay regions/Province (''kawasan 3 wilayah'') having and practicing the same culture as the state of [[Kelantan]], Malaysia. They also speak the same language but some different because [[Standard Malay]] education is non-open and not supported by the Thai government which causes them to sometimes mix Malay and Thai.

=== Language ===
{{See also|Languages of Thailand|Kelantan-Pattani Malay}}
⚫
The majority of Malays in Thailand speak a distinct variety of Malay known as [[Pattani Malay]] (Yawi: ''Baso Yawi/Pattani''). However, not all Thai Malays speak Pattani Malay, some people who live in [[Satun Province|Satun]] and its vicinage use another distinct variety of Malay known as [[Satun Malay]], while the Malays up north in [[Bangkok]] have developed their distinct variant of Malay that incorporated elements of localism with visible Pattani-Kedahan Malay dialect influences known as [[Bangkok Malay]] (Bangkok Malay: ''Bangkok Melayu/Nayu''). The Bangkok, Kedahan and Pattani are closely related and shared many similar vocabularies but still mutually partly unintelligible.


=== Writing system ===
With the introduction of Islam to Southeast Asia, the Malays use a modified version of the Arabic script known as [[Jawi Script|Jawi]]. Unlike other parts of the Malay world, like Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia, where the usage of Jawi is declining rapidly from the increasing usage of the Latin alphabet, Jawi is still widely used and understood among Malays in Thailand.
With the introduction of Islam to Southeast Asia, the Malays use a modified version of the Arabic script known as [[Jawi Script|Jawi]]. Unlike other parts of the Malay world, like Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia, where the usage of Jawi is declining rapidly from the increasing usage of the Latin alphabet, Jawi is still widely used and understood among Malays in Thailand.


== Religion ==
=== Religion ===
{{See also|Islam in Thailand|Buddhism in Thailand|Religion in Thailand|Freedom of religion in Thailand}}
[[File:นายกรัฐมนตรี มอบบ้านตามโครงการแก้ไขปัญหาความเดือดร้อนท - Flickr - Abhisit Vejjajiva (10).jpg|thumb|Thai Malays in 2011]]
[[File:นายกรัฐมนตรี มอบบ้านตามโครงการแก้ไขปัญหาความเดือดร้อนท - Flickr - Abhisit Vejjajiva (10).jpg|thumb|Thai Malays in 2011]]
Thai Malays are mainly [[Sunni Islam|Sunni Muslims]].<ref name=MRG/> They're mostly of the [[Shafi'i school]] of thought. There's also a small [[Theravada|Buddhist]] and [[Minority religion|other minorities]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} [[Islam]] is the defining element of the Thai [[Malayness|Malay identity]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
A vast majority of Thai Malays are [[Muslims]] of [[Shafi'i]] sect, with Islam as the [[Malayness|defining element]] of the Thai Malay identity. A conversion out of the faith, particularly to [[Theravada|Theravada Buddhism]] resulting a person to be perceived as ethnically [[Thai people|Thai]] in spite of their Malay origin.


== Notable Thai Malays ==
== Notable individuals ==
* [[Thao Thep Kasattri and Thao Sri Sunthon]] – Heroine and Ancestors of na Thalâng Clan. (Malay descent from [[Phuket Province|Phuket]])
* [[Thao Thep Kasattri and Thao Sri Sunthon]] – Heroine and Ancestors of na Thalâng Clan. (Malay descent from [[Phuket Province|Phuket]])
* Tengku Zubaidah Tengku Norudin (Kangsadan Phiphitphakdi) – Former Princess Consort of [[Muhammad V of Kelantan]]. (Malay descent from [[Pattani]])
* Wan Aishah Wan Nawawi (Sirinthra Yayee) – The descendants of [[Mahsuri]]. (Malay descent from [[Phuket Province|Phuket]])
* Thapani Nakhonthap (''née'' na Thalâng) – Writer. (Malay descent from [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]])
* [[Princess Sri Sulalai]] – Princess Mother of Siam
* [[Sukhumbhand Paribatra]] – 15th Governor of Bangkok and Politician. (Malay descent from na Thalâng Clan)
* [[Surin Pitsuwan]] – 12th Secretary general of ASEAN and Politician. (Malay descent from [[Nakhon Si Thammarat]])
* Nikanlaya Dunlaya (Nikanlaya Abdul) – [[Miss Thailand World]] 2004 and Actress. (Malay descent from [[Yala Province|Yala]])
* [[Wan Muhamad Noor Matha]] (Wanmuhamatno Matha) – Thai Politician (Malay descent from [[Yala Province|Yala]])
* [[Wan Muhamad Noor Matha]] (Wanmuhamatno Matha) – Thai Politician (Malay descent from [[Yala Province|Yala]])
* [[Winai Kraibutr]] – Thai actor (Malay descent from [[Krabi Province]])
* [[Adul Lahsoh]] – Thai footballer (Malay descent from [[Phatthalung]])
* [[Adul Lahsoh]] – Thai footballer (Malay descent from [[Phatthalung]])
* [[Jirayut]]
* [[Supachai Jaided]] – Thai footballer (Malay descent from [[Pattani]])
* [[Nurul Sriyankem]]
* [[Supachai Jaided]]
* [[Abdulhafiz Bueraheng]]
* [[Sompong Soleb]]
* [[Airfan Doloh]]
* [[Surin Pitsuwan]]
* [[Elias Dolah]]
* [[Rosenanee Kanoh]] – Thai women's cricketer
* [[Soraya Lateh]] – Thai women's cricketer
* [[Abdulhafis Nibu]]
* [[Denkaosan Kaovichit]]
* [[Muhammad Osamanmusa]]


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Ethnic groups in Thailand]]
*[[Ethnic groups in Thailand]]
*[[Islam in Thailand]]
*[[Languages of Thailand]]
*[[Mahsuri]]
*[[Mahsuri]]
*[[Malaysian Siamese]]
*[[Malaysian Siamese]]
*[[South Thailand insurgency]]
*[[South Thailand insurgency]]
*[[Singgora Sultanate]]


== Further reading ==
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Che Man |first=W. K. |title=Muslims Separatism: The Moros of Southern Philippines and the Malays of Southern Thailand |date=1990 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-588924-X |location=Oxford |oclc=466390039 |author-link=Wan Kadir Che Man}}
* {{Cite book|last=Streicher|first=Ruth|title=UNEASY MILITARY ENCOUNTERS: the Imperial Politics of Counterinsurgency in Southern Thailand.|publisher=SOUTHEAST ASIA PROGRAM|year=2020}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Che Man |first=W. K. |date=2003 |title=Democratization and National Integration: Malay Muslim Community in Southern Thailand |url=https://journals.iium.edu.my/intdiscourse/index.php/id/article/view/244 |journal=Intellectual Discourse |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=1–26}}
* {{Cite book|last=Che Man|first=W. K.|title=Muslims Separatism: The Moros of Southern Philippines and the Malays of Southern Thailand|date=1990|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-588924-X|location=Oxford|oclc=466390039|author-link=Wan Kadir Che Man}}
*{{Cite journal |last=Le Roux |first=Pierre |date=1998 |title=To Be or Not to Be…: The Cultural Identity of the Jawi (Thailand) |url=https://asianethnology.org/downloads/ae/pdf/a1242.pdf |journal=Asian Folklore Studies |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=223–255 |doi=10.2307/1178753 |jstor=1178753}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Che Man|first=W. K.|date=2003|title=Democratization and National Integration: Malay Muslim Community in Southern Thailand|url=https://journals.iium.edu.my/intdiscourse/index.php/id/article/view/244|journal=Intellectual Discourse|volume=11|issue=1|pages=1–26}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Le Roux|first=Pierre|date=1998|title=To Be or Not to Be…: The Cultural Identity of the Jawi (Thailand)|url=https://asianethnology.org/downloads/ae/pdf/a1242.pdf|journal=Asian Folklore Studies|volume=57|issue=2|pages=223–255|doi=10.2307/1178753|jstor=1178753}}
* {{Cite book |title=Thai South and Malay North: Ethnic Interactions on the Plural Peninsula |publisher=National University of Singapore Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-9971-69-411-1 |editor-last=Montesano |editor-first=Michael John |editor-last2=Jory |editor-first2=Patrick}}
* {{Cite book|title=Thai South and Malay North: Ethnic Interactions on the Plural Peninsula|publisher=National University of Singapore Press|year=2008|isbn=978-9971-69-411-1|editor-last=Montesano|editor-first=Michael John|editor-last2=Jory|editor-first2=Patrick}}
* {{Cite book |last=Yegar |first=Moshe |title=Between Integration and Secession: The Muslim Communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand and Western Burma/Myanmar |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2002 |isbn=0-7391-0356-3 |location=Lanham |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S5q7qxi5LBgC |at=Part Two: The Patani Muslims, pp. 73–181 |author-link=Moshe Yegar}}
* {{Cite book |last=Aphornsuvan |first=Thanet |title=Origins of Malay Muslim "Separatism" in Southern Thailand |publisher=Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore |year=2004 |location=Singapore}}
* {{Cite book|last=Yegar|first=Moshe|title=Between Integration and Secession: The Muslim Communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand and Western Burma/Myanmar|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2002|isbn=0-7391-0356-3|location=Lanham|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S5q7qxi5LBgC|at=Part Two: The Patani Muslims, pp. 73–181|author-link=Moshe Yegar}}
* {{Cite book|last=Aphornsuvan|first=Thanet|title=Origins of Malay Muslim "Separatism" in Southern Thailand|publisher=Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore|year=2004|location=Singapore}}
* {{Cite web|title=Descendants of the White-Blooded Lady|url=http://www.lestariheritage.net/phuket/webpages/mahsuri.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616200319/http://www.lestariheritage.net/phuket/webpages/mahsuri.htm|archive-date=2008-06-16|website=Phuket Heritage|publisher=Lestari Heritage Network}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


Latest revision as of 08:50, 9 December 2024

For other uses, see Malay.
Not to be confused with Malaysian Siamese, residents of Malaysia of Thai descent.
Thai Malays
ไทยเชื้อสายมลายู
ملايو تاي‎
Orang Melayu Thailand
Oré Jawi[1]
Bangso Yawi
Oghae Nayu
Thai Malay boys in Songkhla
Total population
1.5 million[2] (2018, est.)
Regions with significant populations
 Thailand
 Malaysia
Languages
Malayic languages
 Thai and Southern Thai
Religion
Mainly Sunni Islam[2] of the Shafi'i school (Shafi'i Madhab), with a small Buddhist and other minorities
Related ethnic groups
Other Malays

Thai Malays (Standard Malay: Orang Melayu Thailand/Siam, Thai: ไทยเชื้อสายมลายู: Jawi: ملايو تاي‎; Pattani Malay: Oré Nayu Siae, Bangso Yawi; Bangkok Malay: Oghae Nayu Thai), with officially recognised terms including 'Malayu-descended Thais' and 'Malay',[3][4] is a term used to refer to ethnic Malay citizens of Thailand, the sixth largest ethnic group in Thailand. Thailand is home to the third largest ethnic Malay population after Malaysia and Indonesia. Most Malays live primarily in the four southernmost provinces of Yala, Narathiwat, Satun and Pattani.[2] They live in one of the country’s poorest regions.[2] They also live in Songkhla, Phuket,[5] Ranong.[6] Trang province, home to a sizeable Muslim population, also have many people who are of Malay descent.[7][full citation needed] Some live in Thailand's capital Bangkok.[2] They are descended from migrants or deportees who were relocated from the South from the 13th century onwards.[8][full citation needed]

History and politics

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See also: Sultanate of Patani, Sultanate of Singora, Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara, Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909, and South Thailand insurgency

Separatist inclinations among ethnic Malays in Narathiwat, Pattani, Yala and Songkhla provinces, the cause of the Southern Thai insurgency, are due in part to cultural differences from the Thai people as well as past experiences of forced attempts to assimilate them into Thai mainstream culture after the annexation of the Sultanate of Patani by Siamese Rattanakosin Kingdom.[9] In 1816, Siam divided the sultanate into seven provinces as part of a policy of 'divide and rule'. Despite occasional subsequent rebellions, the policy was generally successful in ensuring peace until the beginning of the twentieth century. In 1901, Siam restructured the seven provinces into a single administrative unit, 'Monthon Pathani', under the new Ministry of the Interior, which consolidated the seven provinces into four: Patani, Bangnara, Saiburi and Yala. Kedah was then ceded to the British under the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909, in which a more integrated district formerly belonging to Kedah became Satun Province.[10] The Malay Muslims of Satun are less inclined towards separatism; this is largely a result of the historical affinity of the Malay King of Setul towards Siam, compared to the violent breakup of the Sultanate of Patani. Pro-Thai inclinations can also be observed in Malay communities in Phuket, Ranong and Bangkok.[11][12]

Culture

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Sub-ethnicity

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  • Pattani-Kelantan Malay (Melayu Kelantan-Patani)
    • Pattani Malay
    • Narathiwat/Tak Bai Malay (Kelantanese)
    • Yala/Reman Malay
  • Syiburi Malay (Melayu Kedah)
    • Setun Malay
    • Krabi Malay
    • Trang Malay

Cuisine

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In Province Pattani, Narathiwat & Yala also known as 3 Malay regions/Province (kawasan 3 wilayah) having and practicing the same culture as the state of Kelantan, Malaysia. They also speak the same language but some different because Standard Malay education is non-open and not supported by the Thai government which causes them to sometimes mix Malay and Thai.

Language

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See also: Languages of Thailand and Kelantan-Pattani Malay

The majority of Malays in Thailand speak a distinct variety of Malay known as Pattani Malay (Yawi: Baso Yawi/Pattani). However, not all Thai Malays speak Pattani Malay, some people who live in Satun and its vicinage use another distinct variety of Malay known as Satun Malay, while the Malays up north in Bangkok have developed their distinct variant of Malay that incorporated elements of localism with visible Pattani-Kedahan Malay dialect influences known as Bangkok Malay (Bangkok Malay: Bangkok Melayu/Nayu). The Bangkok, Kedahan and Pattani are closely related and shared many similar vocabularies but still mutually partly unintelligible.

With the introduction of Islam to Southeast Asia, the Malays use a modified version of the Arabic script known as Jawi. Unlike other parts of the Malay world, like Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia, where the usage of Jawi is declining rapidly from the increasing usage of the Latin alphabet, Jawi is still widely used and understood among Malays in Thailand.

Religion

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See also: Islam in Thailand, Buddhism in Thailand, Religion in Thailand, and Freedom of religion in Thailand
Thai Malays in 2011

Thai Malays are mainly Sunni Muslims.[2] They're mostly of the Shafi'i school of thought. There's also a small Buddhist and other minorities.[citation needed] Islam is the defining element of the Thai Malay identity.[citation needed]

Notable individuals

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See also

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Further reading

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  • Streicher, Ruth (2020). UNEASY MILITARY ENCOUNTERS: the Imperial Politics of Counterinsurgency in Southern Thailand. SOUTHEAST ASIA PROGRAM.
  • Che Man, W. K. (1990). Muslims Separatism: The Moros of Southern Philippines and the Malays of Southern Thailand. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-588924-X. OCLC 466390039.
  • Che Man, W. K. (2003). "Democratization and National Integration: Malay Muslim Community in Southern Thailand". Intellectual Discourse. 11 (1): 1–26.
  • Le Roux, Pierre (1998). "To Be or Not to Be…: The Cultural Identity of the Jawi (Thailand)" (PDF). Asian Folklore Studies. 57 (2): 223–255. doi:10.2307/1178753. JSTOR 1178753.
  • Montesano, Michael John; Jory, Patrick, eds. (2008). Thai South and Malay North: Ethnic Interactions on the Plural Peninsula. National University of Singapore Press. ISBN 978-9971-69-411-1.
  • Yegar, Moshe (2002). Between Integration and Secession: The Muslim Communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand and Western Burma/Myanmar. Lanham: Lexington Books. Part Two: The Patani Muslims, pp. 73–181. ISBN 0-7391-0356-3.
  • Aphornsuvan, Thanet (2004). Origins of Malay Muslim "Separatism" in Southern Thailand. Singapore: Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore.
  • "Descendants of the White-Blooded Lady". Phuket Heritage. Lestari Heritage Network. Archived from the original on 2008-06-16.

References

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  1. ^ Le Roux (1998), p. 245
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Malay Muslims in Thailand". April 2018. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
  3. ^ International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; Reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention: Thailand (PDF) (Report) (in English and Thai). United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. 28 July 2011. pp. 3, 5 & 95. CERD/C/THA/1-3. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
  4. ^ แผนแม่บท การพัฒนากลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ในประเทศไทย(พ.ศ.2558–2560) [Master Plan for the Development of Ethnic Groups in Thailand 2015–2017] (PDF) (in Thai). Bangkok: Ministry of Social Development and Human Security. 2015. pp. 1 & 29.
  5. ^ "phuket1.xls". National Statistical Office (Thailand).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  6. ^ "ranong1.xls". National Statistical Office (Thailand).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ^ Institute of South East Asian Studies. The South East Asian Review, 1976. The Institute of South East Asian Studies. p. 167.
  8. ^ Mohamed Taher (1997). Encyclopaedic Survey of Islamic Culture. New Delhi: Anmol Publications. pp. 228–229. ISBN 8174884874.
  9. ^ Carpenter, William M.; Wiencek, David G., eds. (1996). Asian Security Handbook: An Assessment of Political-Security Issues in the Asia-Pacific Region. Armonk: M. E. Sharpe. pp. 240–6. ISBN 1-56324-813-1.
  10. ^ Che Man (1990)
  11. ^ Fraser, Thomas M. (1960). Rusembilan: A Malay Fishing Village in Southern Thailand. Cornell Studies in Anthropology, I. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p. 88.
  12. ^ Yegar (2002), pp. 79–80
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