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Some Chicago Teachers Hold Classes In the Snow to Avoid COVID Risks Inside Schools Katherine Fung 1 hr ago What's gotten into Mitch McConnell? (opinion) A Newsmax segment went off the rails when the MyPillow guy started… Newsweek logoSome Chicago Teachers Hold Classes In the Snow to Avoid COVID Risks Inside Schools Chicago teachers are braving the snow and holding classes outside as Chicago Public Schools (CPS) and the Chicago Teachers Union (CTU) continue to meet at the bargaining table. a p Tag: Reverted |
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[[Some Chicago Teachers Hold Classes In the Snow to Avoid COVID Risks Inside Schools Katherine Fung 1 hr ago What's gotten into Mitch McConnell? (opinion) A Newsmax segment went off the rails when the MyPillow guy started… Newsweek logoSome Chicago Teachers Hold Classes In the Snow to Avoid COVID Risks Inside Schools Chicago teachers are braving the snow and holding classes outside as Chicago Public Schools (CPS) and the Chicago Teachers Union (CTU) continue to meet at the bargaining table. a person that is standing in the snow: Dwayne Reed, a language arts teacher from the south side of Chicago, teaches class virtually on January 25, 2021.© Dwayne Reed Dwayne Reed, a language arts teacher from the south side of Chicago, teaches class virtually on January 25, 2021. What began as a symbolic first day back transpired into a movement after Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot called on teachers to return to in-person classrooms. Kirstin Roberts, a pre-K teacher, was asked to return to in-person on January 6 as part of wave 1, but she said none of her coworkers felt safe to do so. Roberts was especially concerned as she lives with her elderly mother. "We decided that instead of going inside the building to teach our remote students, we would teach outside," Roberts told Newsweek. "It was snowy and it was cold." The preschool team was the first group to be called back, but Roberts said they were quickly joined by other colleagues who wanted to show support. "We set up small tables in our courtyards. We were lucky the internet reached into the courtyard. Some of us taught class off our phones. Parents brought us hot coffee and set up a little backyard fire pit for us on the sidewalk," she recalled. "We taught our preschoolers and kindergarteners and the rest of the kiddos online like we do every day, but we did it in the snow." Although the teachers returned to their homes to continue teaching virtually the next day, the outdoor class caught the attention of other teachers concerned about their health and safety amid the coronavirus pandemic. Elementary language arts teacher Dwayne Reed decided to follow suit when he was called back to work last week. Although the first day was manageable, he quickly realized on the second day what exactly he had signed up for. "The wind started blowing unbelievably. I had a blanket and I was using the blanket as a cover but it became a wind tunnel and it was like a parachute," he told Newsweek. Despite the cold weather, Reed, whose wife is pregnant with their first child, said he remains determined to continue teaching outside to avoid mitigate the risk of bringing COVID-19 home. "I know that I can do my job effectively from my home," he said. "I just want to protect my wife and my child." Roberts said she would continue teaching outdoors too if that's what it will take for CPS to reconsider sending teachers back at this time. "It started at the school I work at and has spread to other buildings and other teachers are taking that stance. It's really a way to demonstrate how scared we are of the buildings and to make public what some of our concerns are," Roberts said. "I would certainly do that again." Lightfoot initially insisted that K-8 teachers show up for work in person on Monday, or risk being locked out of their virtual classrooms. But after most school buildings remained mainly empty, and CPS and CTU reached tentative agreements Monday night, it was announced that students would continue virtual learning through Wednesday after the district called for a "48-hour cooling off period." "Teachers need accommodations," elementary music teacher Quentin Washington told Newsweek. "We need to be able to say hey, I'm very uncomfortable with teaching in this building because I have a loved one at home who's at risk." Washington, who is also on the executive board of CTU, also taught a few of his classes outside after CPS told him he was to return to in-person learning on January 12. If he didn't, he would be considered absent without leave (AWOL) and locked out of his classroom. "The next day, I did actually go to the building—that's why they let me in [to the virtual classroom]—but with the intent of still teaching remotely outside of the building," he said. "I didn't want to be in that building because I really don't feel safe in there." He said he was locked out after that day and has remained barred from his classroom. CPS Communications Director Emily Bolton told Newsweek that Washington would be part of a small number of educators who were considered AWOL after not returning to in-person as part of wave 1. "Unless they went back into the building to work," these teachers will continue to be marked as AWOL, she said. Washington says Chicago teachers should not only be provided a safe reopening plan, but have access to vaccines if CPS insists they return to in-person learning. "Every teacher should have the opportunity to vaccinated before being asked to go back into that building," he said. "I understand there are vaccine shortages, but prioritize us. I'm not saying jump us ahead of the doctors and nurses. Of course they need to be vaccinated. They're dealing with sick people in a hospital in real-time, but we're essential workers too. If you're saying that we're essential, you need to vaccinate us." CPS teachers are scheduled to begin getting vaccines this month. Chicago schools moved online last March as the coronavirus pandemic swept the U.S. When schools reopened in the fall for the 2021-2022 school year, CPS said classes would remain virtual, but in November, the district announced that classes would return to in-person instruction after the winter break. "Why should Chicago stand out when everybody else across the country has been able to safely do this? Why should CPS stand out when private and parochial schools in Chicago have been operating since the beginning of the school year?" CPS CEO Dr. Janice Jackson said on Sunday, according to the Chicago Sun-Times. a statue of a person: Dwayne Reed, elementary language arts teacher in the south side of Chicago, pictured with a blanket as he teaches a virtual class from outdoors on January 26, 2021. Dwayne Reed© Dwayne Reed Dwayne Reed, elementary language arts teacher in the south side of Chicago, pictured with a blanket as he teaches a virtual class from outdoors on January 26, 2021. Dwayne Reed Washington said that teaching from remote has allowed him to conduct lessons that wouldn't be possible in-person. "Prior to the lockout, my students were working on recorders and I was teaching them to read music," he explained. "I can't have them blowing on the recorder in my classroom in person. That would require them to remove their face mask and it would require them to blowing aerosol in the air." He said limiting his curriculum seems even more detrimental when factoring in how many students this would impact. Washington said that only 20 percent of students are planning to return to in-person classes, but CPS is calling back 80 percent of their staff. Jacob Martin, a middle school math teacher, echoed those confusions about the urgency to return to schools when most children have opted for the remote option. He said it is important for CPS to continue developing online teaching plans so that all students receive the same quality of teaching. "Most teachers, most families and most principles have made it known that they don't think this plan is safe," he said. "I think it's important for a district, the third-largest district in the whole country, to make sure they're actually listening to the stakeholders who are involved in their education." Martin, who has luckily remained indoors when teaching, called Monday "anxiety-inducing." "After every class or during every class, my wifi would get a little sketchy and I was like is it happening now? But I ended up not getting locked out, which I'm really thankful for," he said. "I was able to see, talk to and continue to teach my students, which is exactly what we want to do." But Martin is hopeful that the two parties will strike a deal and that if teachers end up returning to schools, they will be able to do so safely. "Part of the hope comes from the fact that the mayor and the CEO of CPS have been constantly threatening us that they're going to lock us out, that they're going to declare us AWOL," he said. "But, they keep stepping back on that and allow us to keep teaching because I think they realize they need us to continue teaching and that's what we want to do. We want to keep teaching our students." In a statement made Monday evening, Jackson and Lightfoot said, "teams remain at the bargaining table with the goal of reaching a sensible agreement that allows Chicago's students and teachers to safely return to the classroom." With over 70 meetings conducted since June, Monday marks the first time CPS and CTU have reached tentative agreements. Related Articles Gavin Newsom, Facing Recall, Clashes With Teachers' Unions Over California Schools Opening Indiana Teenager Dies of COVID After Being Hospitalized for Over a Month Nashville Teacher Told to Quit for Protesting In-Person Learning Will File Complaints Chicago Teachers Defy Order to Return to In-Person Work, Cite COVID Fears Start your unlimited Newsweek trial|Some Chicago Teachers Hold Classes In the Snow to AvSoid COVID Risks Inside Schools Katherine Fung 1 hr ago What's gotten into Mitch McConnell? (opinion) A Newsmax segment went off the rails when the MyPillow guy started… Newsweek logoSome Chicago Teachers Hold Classes In the Snow to Avoid COVID Risks Inside Schools Chicago teachers are braving the snow and holding classes outside as Chicago Public Schools (CPS) and the Chicago Teachers Union (CTU) continue to meet at the bargaining table. a person that is standing in the snow: Dwayne Reed, a language arts teacher from the south side of Chicago, teaches class virtually on January 25, 2021.© Dwayne Reed Dwayne Reed, a language arts teacher from the south side of Chicago, teaches class virtually on January 25, 2021. What began as a symbolic first day back transpired into a movement after Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot called on teachers to return to in-person classrooms. Kirstin Roberts, a pre-K teacher, was asked to return to in-person on January 6 as part of wave 1, but she said none of her coworkers felt safe to do so. Roberts was especially concerned as she lives with her elderly mother. "We decided that instead of going inside the building to teach our remote students, we would teach outside," Roberts told Newsweek. "It was snowy and it was cold." The preschool team was the first group to be called back, but Roberts said they were quickly joined by other colleagues who wanted to show support. "We set up small tables in our courtyards. We were lucky the internet reached into the courtyard. Some of us taught class off our phones. Parents brought us hot coffee and set up a little backyard fire pit for us on the sidewalk," she recalled. "We taught our preschoolers and kindergarteners and the rest of the kiddos online like we do every day, but we did it in the snow." Although the teachers returned to their homes to continue teaching virtually the next day, the outdoor class caught the attention of other teachers concerned about their health and safety amid the coronavirus pandemic. Elementary language arts teacher Dwayne Reed decided to follow suit when he was called back to work last week. Although the first day was manageable, he quickly realized on the second day what exactly he had signed up for. "The wind started blowing unbelievably. I had a blanket and I was using the blanket as a cover but it became a wind tunnel and it was like a parachute," he told Newsweek. Despite the cold weather, Reed, whose wife is pregnant with their first child, said he remains determined to continue teaching outside to avoid mitigate the risk of bringing COVID-19 home. "I know that I can do my job effectively from my home," he said. "I just want to protect my wife and my child." Roberts said she would continue teaching outdoors too if that's what it will take for CPS to reconsider sending teachers back at this time. "It started at the school I work at and has spread to other buildings and other teachers are taking that stance. It's really a way to demonstrate how scared we are of the buildings and to make public what some of our concerns are," Roberts said. "I would certainly do that again." Lightfoot initially insisted that K-8 teachers show up for work in person on Monday, or risk being locked out of their virtual classrooms. But after most school buildings remained mainly empty, and CPS and CTU reached tentative agreements Monday night, it was announced that students would continue virtual learning through Wednesday after the district called for a "48-hour cooling off period." "Teachers need accommodations," elementary music teacher Quentin Washington told Newsweek. "We need to be able to say hey, I'm very uncomfortable with teaching in this building because I have a loved one at home who's at risk." Washington, who is also on the executive board of CTU, also taught a few of his classes outside after CPS told him he was to return to in-person learning on January 12. If he didn't, he would be considered absent without leave (AWOL) and locked out of his classroom. "The next day, I did actually go to the building—that's why they let me in [to the virtual classroom]—but with the intent of still teaching remotely outside of the building," he said. "I didn't want to be in that building because I really don't feel safe in there." He said he was locked out after that day and has remained barred from his classroom. CPS Communications Director Emily Bolton told Newsweek that Washington would be part of a small number of educators who were considered AWOL after not returning to in-person as part of wave 1. "Unless they went back into the building to work," these teachers will continue to be marked as AWOL, she said. Washington says Chicago teachers should not only be provided a safe reopening plan, but have access to vaccines if CPS insists they return to in-person learning. "Every teacher should have the opportunity to vaccinated before being asked to go back into that building," he said. "I understand there are vaccine shortages, but prioritize us. I'm not saying jump us ahead of the doctors and nurses. Of course they need to be vaccinated. They're dealing with sick people in a hospital in real-time, but we're essential workers too. If you're saying that we're essential, you need to vaccinate us." CPS teachers are scheduled to begin getting vaccines this month. Chicago schools moved online last March as the coronavirus pandemic swept the U.S. When schools reopened in the fall for the 2021-2022 school year, CPS said classes would remain virtual, but in November, the district announced that classes would return to in-person instruction after the winter break. "Why should Chicago stand out when everybody else across the country has been able to safely do this? Why should CPS stand out when private and parochial schools in Chicago have been operating since the beginning of the school year?" CPS CEO Dr. Janice Jackson said on Sunday, according to the Chicago Sun-Times. a statue of a person: Dwayne Reed, elementary language arts teacher in the south side of Chicago, pictured with a blanket as he teaches a virtual class from outdoors on January 26, 2021. Dwayne Reed© Dwayne Reed Dwayne Reed, elementary language arts teacher in the south side of Chicago, pictured with a blanket as he teaches a virtual class from outdoors on January 26, 2021. Dwayne Reed Washington said that teaching from remote has allowed him to conduct lessons that wouldn't be possible in-person. "Prior to the lockout, my students were working on recorders and I was teaching them to read music," he explained. "I can't have them blowing on the recorder in my classroom in person. That would require them to remove their face mask and it would require them to blowing aerosol in the air." He said limiting his curriculum seems even more detrimental when factoring in how many students this would impact. Washington said that only 20 percent of students are planning to return to in-person classes, but CPS is calling back 80 percent of their staff. Jacob Martin, a middle school math teacher, echoed those confusions about the urgency to return to schools when most children have opted for the remote option. He said it is important for CPS to continue developing online teaching plans so that all students receive the same quality of teaching. "Most teachers, most families and most principles have made it known that they don't think this plan is safe," he said. "I think it's important for a district, the third-largest district in the whole country, to make sure they're actually listening to the stakeholders who are involved in their education." Martin, who has luckily remained indoors when teaching, called Monday "anxiety-inducing." "After every class or during every class, my wifi would get a little sketchy and I was like is it happening now? But I ended up not getting locked out, which I'm really thankful for," he said. "I was able to see, talk to and continue to teach my students, which is exactly what we want to do." But Martin is hopeful that the two parties will strike a deal and that if teachers end up returning to schools, they will be able to do so safely. "Part of the hope comes from the fact that the mayor and the CEO of CPS have been constantly threatening us that they're going to lock us out, that they're going to declare us AWOL," he said. "But, they keep stepping back on that and allow us to keep teaching because I think they realize they need us to continue teaching and that's what we want to do. We want to keep teaching our students." In a statement made Monday evening, Jackson and Lightfoot said, "teams remain at the bargaining table with the goal of reaching a sensible agreement that allows Chicago's students and teachers to safely return to the classroom." With over 70 meetings conducted since June, Monday marks the first time CPS and CTU have reached tentative agreements. Related Articles Gavin Newsom, Facing Recall, Clashes With Teachers' Unions Over California Schools Opening Indiana Teenager Dies of COVID After Being Hospitalized for Over a Month Nashville Teacher Told to Quit for Protesting In-Person Learning Will File Complaints Chicago Teachers Defy Order to Return to In-Person Work, Cite COVID Fears Start your unlimited Newsweek trial]]{{short description|International German public radio and television channel}} |
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broadcaster}} |
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{{about|the German international broadcaster|the unrelated German radio company of the 1920s and 30s|Deutsche Welle GmbH|the musical genre|Neue Deutsche Welle}} |
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{{about|the international broadcaster|the unrelated German radio company of the 1920s and 30s|Deutsche Welle GmbH|the musical genre|Neue Deutsche Welle}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}} |
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{{Infobox television channel |
{{Infobox television channel |
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| name |
| name = {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} |
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| logo |
| logo = Deutsche Welle Logo.svg |
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| image |
| image = Deutsche Welle.jpg |
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| caption |
| caption = Headquarters in Bonn |
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| type = Broadcasting [[news]] and [[discussions]] |
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| type = International public broadcaster |
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| language = [[German language|German]], [[English language|English]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Hindi]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Dari]], [[Pashto]], [[Urdu]], [[Albanian language|Albanian]], [[Amharic]], [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], [[Mandarin Chinese]], [[French language|French]], [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Hausa language|Hausa]], [[Bahasa Indonesia|Indonesian]], [[Kiswahili]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] |
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| language = German, English |
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| picture_format = [[1080i]] ([[High-definition television|HDTV]]) |
| picture_format = [[1080i]] ([[High-definition television|HDTV]]) |
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| country |
| country = [[Germany]] |
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| area |
| area = Worldwide |
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| owner |
| owner = [[Federal Government of Germany]]<ref name="nyt">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/22/world/europe/german-broadcaster-fires-chinese-blogger.html |title=German Broadcaster Fires Chinese Blogger |last=Johnson |first=Ian |date=21 August 2014 |work=[[The New York Times]] |quote={{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} is owned by the government, much like the British Broadcasting Corporation or the Voice of America. |access-date=4 November 2020 |archive-date=12 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112031729/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/22/world/europe/german-broadcaster-fires-chinese-blogger.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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| headquarters |
| headquarters = [[Bonn]], Germany |
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| launch_date |
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1953|05|03}} |
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| affiliates |
| affiliates = [[World Radio Network]] |
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| website |
| website = {{official URL}} |
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| key_people = {{Unbulleted_list|[[Peter Limbourg]]<br />(Director-General)|[[Claudia Roth]]<br />(Funder as [[w:de:Die Beauftragte der Bundesregierung für Kultur und Medien|federal commissioner]])<ref>{{cite web|access-date=5 February 2022|title=Who finances Deutsche Welle?|date=18 November 2021|url=https://www.dw.com/en/who-finances-deutsche-welle/a-36767785|website=DW.COM|archive-date=5 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205161424/https://www.dw.com/en/who-finances-deutsche-welle/a-36767785|url-status=live}}</ref>}} |
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| key_people = [[Peter Limbourg]] (Director General) |
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| online_serv_1 = YouTube |
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| footnotes = |
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| online_chan_1 = [https://www.youtube.com/@dwnews DW News] |
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| online_serv_2 = Livestream |
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| online_chan_2 = [https://www.dw.com/en/live-tv/channel-english DW English] |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Deutsche Welle''' ({{IPA |
'''{{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}}''' ({{IPA|de|ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈvɛlə|pron|De-Deutsche Welle.ogg}}; "German Wave"), commonly shortened to '''DW''' ({{IPA|de|deːˈveː|pron}}), is a [[Germany|German]] [[Public broadcasting|public]], [[State media|state-owned]]<ref name="nyt" /> [[International broadcasting|international broadcaster]] funded by the German [[federal tax]] budget.<ref name="DW_profile">{{cite web|title=What kind of company is Deutsche Welle?|url=https://www.dw.com/en/what-kind-of-company-is-deutsche-welle/a-3252998 |
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|access-date=5 February 2022|website=dw.com|date=25 June 2015 |
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|archive-date=4 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204222520/https://www.dw.com/en/what-kind-of-company-is-deutsche-welle/a-3252998|url-status=live}}</ref> The service is available in 32 languages. DW's satellite television service consists of channels in [[German language|German]], [[English language|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Hindi]], [[Persian language|Persian]], and [[Arabic]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=About DW|url=https://www.dw.com/en/about-dw/s-30688|access-date=15 December 2021|website=dw.com|language=en|archive-date=14 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214224137/https://www.dw.com/en/about-dw/s-30688|url-status=live}}</ref> The work of DW is regulated by the {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} Act,{{NoteTag|name=DWG|''Gesetz über die Rundfunkanstalt des Bundesrechts "{{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}}"''}}<ref name="Deutsche Welle Act">{{cite web |title = Deutsche Welle Act |date = 18 January 2013 |url = http://p.dw.com/p/17MtP |publisher = Deutsche Welle |access-date = 24 January 2018 }}</ref> stating that content is intended to be independent of [[Cabinet of Germany|government influence]]. DW is a member of the [[European Broadcasting Union]] (EBU).<ref>{{cite web |author=European Broadcasting Union (EBU) |author-link=European Broadcasting Union |date=28 February 2019 |title=Members |url=https://www.ebu.ch/about/members |access-date=4 July 2020 |website=ebu.ch |language=en |archive-date=19 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019093915/https://www.ebu.ch/about/members |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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DW offers regularly updated articles on its news website and runs its own |
DW offers regularly updated articles on its news website and runs its own centre for international media development, DW Akademie. The broadcaster's stated goals are to produce reliable news coverage, provide access to the German language, and promote understanding between peoples.<ref name="English profile">{{cite web |title = Profile DW |url = http://www.dw.com/en/about-dw/profile/s-30688 |publisher = Deutsche Welle |access-date = 5 July 2015 |archive-date = 5 July 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150705135023/http://www.dw.com/en/about-dw/profile/s-30688 |url-status = live }}</ref> It is also a provider of [[live streaming world news]] which can be, like all DW programs, viewed and listened via its website, YouTube, Satellite, Re-broadcasting and various Apps and [[digital media players]]. |
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DW has been broadcasting since 1953. It is headquartered in Bonn, where its radio programmes are produced. However, television broadcasts are produced almost entirely in Berlin. Both locations create content for DW's news website. |
DW has been broadcasting since 1953. It is headquartered in [[Bonn]], where its radio programmes are produced. However, television broadcasts are produced almost entirely in [[Berlin]]. Both locations create content for DW's news website. As of 2020, {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} had 1,668 employees (annual average).<ref>"Jahresabschluss zum Geschäftsjahr vom 01.01.2020 bis zum 31.12.2020" [Annual financial statement for the business year 01.01.2020 to 31.12.2020] (in German). [[Bundesanzeiger]] (published 30 March 2022). 7 May 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2022.</ref> In total, over 4,000 distinct people of over 140 nationalities work in DW's offices in Bonn and Berlin, as well as at other locations worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About DW |url=https://www.dw.com/en/about-dw/s-30688 |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=DW.COM |language=en-GB |archive-date=15 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215152228/https://www.dw.com/en/about-dw/s-30688 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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== History == |
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It is also a provider of [[live streaming world news]] which can be viewed via its website, [[YouTube]], and various [[mobile devices]] and [[digital media players|digital media and audio]]. |
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=== Precursor === |
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As of 2018, around 1,500 employees and 1,500 freelancers from 60 countries work for Deutsche Welle in its offices in Bonn and Berlin.<ref name="German profile">{{cite web |title=Profil DW |url=https://www.bundesregierung.de/Webs/Breg/DE/Bundesregierung/BeauftragtefuerKulturundMedien/medien/deutscheWelle/_node.html |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=6 November 2017 |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019042346/https://www.bundesregierung.de/Webs/Breg/DE/Bundesregierung/BeauftragtefuerKulturundMedien/medien/deutscheWelle/_node.html |archive-date=19 October 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Director-General of DW is [[Peter Limbourg]]. |
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A predecessor with a similar name was ''Deutsche Welle GmbH'', founded in August 1924 by German diplomat and radio pioneer [[Ernst Ludwig Voss]] in Berlin and broadcast regularly from January 7, 1926. The station was initially owned by 70% by [[Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft]] and 30% by the [[Free State of Prussia]]. From 1931 onwards, Deutsche Welle broadcast from the [[Haus des Rundfunks|Berlin Broadcasting House]]. On January 1, 1933, Deutsche Welle GmbH was officially transferred to [[Deutschlandsender|Deutschlandsender GmbH]]. |
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The station sees itself in the tradition of the first German foreign broadcaster, the Weltrundfunksender (world broadcaster) of the [[Weimar Republic]]. The Weltrundfunksender was renamed to [[Deutscher Kurzwellensender|deutscher Kurzwellensender (German Shortwave Broadcaster)]] by the [[Nazi Germany|Nazis]] in 1933. |
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== History == |
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=== Beginnings === |
=== Beginnings === |
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DW's first shortwave broadcast took place on 3 May 1953 with an address by the then |
DW's first shortwave broadcast took place on 3 May 1953 with an address by the then-West German President, [[Theodor Heuss]]. On 11 June 1953, [[ARD (broadcaster)|ARD]] public broadcasters signed an agreement to share responsibility for {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}}. At first, it was controlled by [[Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk]] (NWDR). In 1955, NWDR split into [[Norddeutscher Rundfunk]] (NDR) and [[Westdeutscher Rundfunk]] (WDR), WDR assumed responsibility for {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} programming. |
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Politically the creation of a German [[International broadcasting|International broadcasting station]] was supported by [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] chancellor [[Konrad Adenauer]]. To prevent governmental indoctrination in Germany, broadcasting is a matter of the federal states. In a years-long dispute between the Adenauer and the [[States of Germany|federal states of Germany]], the federal government was allowed to create ''[[Deutschlandfunk]]'' aiming [[East Germany|GDR citizens]] and ''Deutsche Welle'' for an international audience. In 1959, Adenauer presented a bill to establish three federal broadcasting companies: ''Deutschlandfunk'', ''Deutsche Welle'' and ''Deutschland-Fernsehen (Germany-TV)''. The [[Federal Constitutional Court]] stopped Adenauer's television plans. Radio, on the other hand, was permitted as a federal institution.<ref>{{Cite web |last=deutschlandfunk.de |date=2012-01-01 |title=Senden aus dem Provisorium |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/senden-aus-dem-provisorium-100.html |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=Deutschlandfunk |language=de}}</ref> |
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=== German reunification === |
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With [[German reunification]] in 1990, [[Radio Berlin International]] (RBI), [[East Germany]]'s international broadcaster ceased to exist. Some of the RBI staff joined Deutsche Welle and DW inherited some broadcasting facilities, including transmitting facilities at [[Nauen]], as well as RBI's frequencies. |
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In 1960, {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} became an independent public body after a court ruled that while broadcasting ''to'' Germany was a state matter, broadcasting ''from'' Germany was part of the federal government's foreign affairs function.<ref name="Sjurts 2010 p. 43">{{cite book |last=Sjurts |first=I. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T3EpBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA43 |title=Gabler Kompakt-Lexikon Medien: 1.000 Begriffe nachschlagen, verstehen und anwenden |publisher=Gabler Verlag |year=2010 |isbn=978-3-8349-9180-5 |page=43 |language=de |access-date=10 January 2021}}</ref> |
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'''DW (TV)''' began as '''RIAS-TV''', a television station launched by the [[West Berlin]] broadcaster RIAS (Radio in the American Sector / [[Rundfunk im amerikanischen Sektor]]) in August 1988; they also acquired the German Educational Television Network in the United States. The fall of the [[Berlin Wall]] the following year and German reunification in 1990 meant that RIAS-TV was to be closed down. On 1 April 1992, Deutsche Welle inherited the RIAS-TV broadcast facilities, using them to start a German- and English-language television channel broadcast via [[satellite]], DW (TV), adding a short Spanish broadcast segment the following year. In 1995, it began 24-hour operation (12 hours German, 10 hours English, 2 hours Spanish). At that time, DW (TV) introduced a new news studio and a new logo. |
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On 7 June 1962, DW joined [[ARD (broadcaster)|ARD]] as a national broadcasting station.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 February 2014 |title = Ausarbeitung: Vergleich der Sender CNN, Deutsche Welle, BBC and CCTV |trans-title = Elaboration: Comparison of the channels CNN, Deutsche Welle, BBC and CCTV |url = https://www.bundestag.de/blob/410184/fb231184dbeb8473b6ce405adec4274f/wd-10-012-14-pdf-data.pdf |website=[[Bundestag]] |language=de |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170829202446/https://www.bundestag.de/blob/410184/fb231184dbeb8473b6ce405adec4274f/wd-10-012-14-pdf-data.pdf |archive-date = 29 August 2017 |url-status = live }}</ref> {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} was originally headquartered in the West German city of [[Cologne]]. After [[German reunification|reunification]], when much of the government relocated to Berlin, the station's headquarters moved to Bonn. |
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Deutsche Welle took over some of the former independent radio broadcasting service [[Deutschlandfunk]]'s foreign-language programming in 1993, when Deutschlandfunk was absorbed into the new [[Deutschlandradio]]. |
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=== German reunification === |
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In addition to radio and television programming, DW sponsored some published material. For example, the South-Asia Department published ''German Heritage: A Series Written for the South Asia Programme'' in 1967 and in 1984 published ''African Writers on the Air''. Both publications were transcripts of DW programming. |
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With the [[German reunification]] in 1990, [[Radio Berlin International]] (RBI), [[East Germany]]'s international broadcaster ceased to exist. Some of the RBI staff joined {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} and DW inherited some broadcasting facilities, including transmitting facilities at [[Nauen]], as well as RBI's frequencies. |
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'''DW (TV)''' began as '''RIAS-TV''', a television station launched by the [[West Berlin]] broadcaster RIAS (Radio in the American Sector / [[Rundfunk im amerikanischen Sektor]]) in August 1988; they also acquired the German Educational Television Network in the United States. The fall of the [[Berlin Wall]] the following year and German reunification in 1990 meant that RIAS-TV was to be closed down. On 1 April 1992, {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} inherited the RIAS-TV broadcast facilities, using them to start a German- and English-language television channel broadcast via [[satellite]], DW (TV), adding a short Spanish broadcast segment the following year. In 1995, it began 24-hour operation (12 hours German, 10 hours English, 2 hours Spanish). At that time, DW (TV) introduced a new news studio and a new logo. |
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=== Internet presence === |
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In September 1994, Deutsche Welle was the first public broadcaster in Germany with an internet presence, initially '''www-dw.gmd.de''', hosted by the GMD Information Technology Research Center. For its first two years, the site listed little more than contact addresses, although DW's ''News Journal'' was broadcast in [[RealAudio]] from Real's server beginning in 1995, and ''[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]]''{{'}}s initial web presence, which included news articles from the newspaper, shared the site. In 1996, it evolved into a news website using the URL '''dwelle.de'''; in 2001, the URL changed to '''www.dw-world.de''', and was changed again in 2012, to '''www.dw.de'''. Deutsche Welle purchased the domain '''dw.com''', which previously belonged to [[DiamondWare]], in 2013; DW had attempted to claim ownership of the address in 2000, without success. DW eventually moved to the '''www.dw.com''' domain on 22 June 2015. According to DW, their website delivers information by topic with an intuitive navigation organized to meet users' expectations. The layout offers more flexibility to feature pictures, videos and in-depth reporting on the day's events in a multimedia and multilingual fashion. They also integrated their Media Center into the dw.de website making it easier for users to access videos, audios and picture galleries from DW's multimedia archive of reports, programs and coverage of special issues.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/dw-introduces-new-website-and-tv-program/a-15714267 |title=DW introduces new website and TV program {{!}} DW {{!}} 5 February 2012|publisher=Deutsche Welle|language=en-GB|access-date=26 March 2020}}</ref> |
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{{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} took some of the former independent radio broadcasting service [[Deutschlandfunk]]'s foreign-language programming in 1993, when Deutschlandfunk was absorbed into the new [[Deutschlandradio]]. |
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DW's news site is in seven core languages ([[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]], [[Standard Chinese|Chinese]], English, German, Spanish, [[Portuguese language|Portuguese for Brazil]], and Russian), as well as a mixture of news and information in 23 other languages in which Deutsche Welle broadcasts. [[Persian language|Persian]] became the site's eighth focus language in 2007. |
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In addition to radio and television programming, DW sponsored some published material. For example, the South-Asia Department published ''German Heritage: A Series Written for the South Asia Programme'' in 1967, and in 1984 published ''African Writers on the Air''. Both publications were transcripts of DW programming. |
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German and European news is DW's central focus, but the site also offers background information about Germany and German language courses.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/learn-german/s-2469 |title=Learn German |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=5 August 2017}}</ref> '''''Deutsch, Warum Nicht?''''' (literally: ''German, Why Not?'') is a personal course for learning the German language, created by Deutsche Welle and the [[Goethe-Institut]].<ref>[http://www.dw.de/learn-german/deutsch-warum-nicht/s-2548 ''Deutsch, Warum Nicht?'']. Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 5 August 2017.</ref> |
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=== Internet presence === |
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In September 1994, {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} was the first public broadcaster in Germany with an internet presence, initially ''www-dw.gmd.de,'' hosted by the GMD Information Technology Research Center. For its first two years, the site listed little more than contact addresses, although DW's ''News Journal'' was broadcast in [[RealAudio]] from Real's server beginning in 1995, and ''[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]]''{{'}}s initial web presence, which included news articles from the newspaper, shared the site. In 1996, it evolved into a news website using the URL ''dwelle.de''; in 2001, the URL changed to ''www.dw-world.de,'' and was changed again in 2012, to '''www.dw.de'''. {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} purchased the domain ''dw.com'', which previously belonged to [[DiamondWare]], in 2013; DW had attempted to claim ownership of the address in 2000, without success. DW eventually moved to the ''www.dw.com'' domain on 22 June 2015. According to DW, their website delivers information by topic with an intuitive navigation organized to meet users' expectations. The layout offers more flexibility to feature pictures, videos, and in-depth reporting on the day's events in a multimedia and multilingual fashion. They also integrated their Media Center into the dw.de website making it easier for users to access videos, audio, and picture galleries from DW's multimedia archive of reports, programs, and coverage of special issues.<ref>{{cite web|date=5 February 2012|title=DW introduces new website and TV program|url=https://www.dw.com/en/dw-introduces-new-website-and-tv-program/a-15714267|access-date=26 March 2020|website=dw.com|language=en|archive-date=1 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601073512/https://www.dw.com/en/dw-introduces-new-website-and-tv-program/a-15714267|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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In 2001, Deutsche Welle (in conjunction with ARD and [[ZDF]]) founded the German TV subscription channel for North American viewers. The project was shut down after four years owing to low subscriber numbers. It has since been replaced by the [[DW-TV]] channel (also a subscription service). |
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DW's news site is in seven core languages ([[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]], [[Standard Chinese|Chinese]], English, German, Spanish, [[Portuguese language|Portuguese for Brazil]], and Russian), as well as a mixture of news and information in 23 other languages in which {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} broadcasts. [[Persian language|Persian]] became the site's eighth focus language in 2007. |
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Unlike most other international broadcasters, DW-TV does not charge terrestrial stations for use of its programming, and as a result, ''[[Journal (German TV programme)|Journal]]'' and other programmes are rebroadcast on numerous [[public broadcasting]] stations in several countries, including the United States, Australia, and New Zealand. In the [[Philippines]], selected Anglophone programmes are shown nationwide on [[Net 25]]. |
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German and European news is DW's central focus, but the site also offers background information about German and German language courses.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.dw.com/en/learn-german/s-2469 |title = Learn German |publisher = Deutsche Welle |access-date = 5 August 2017 |archive-date = 5 August 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170805082146/http://www.dw.com/en/learn-german/s-2469 |url-status = live }}</ref> '''''Deutsch, Warum Nicht?''''' (literally: ''German, Why Not?'') is a personal course for learning the German language, created by {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} and the {{lang|de|[[Goethe-Institut]]|italic=no}}.<ref>[http://www.dw.de/learn-german/deutsch-warum-nicht/s-2548 ''Deutsch, Warum Nicht?''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621004654/http://www.dw.de/learn-german/deutsch-warum-nicht/s-2548 |date=21 June 2015 }}. {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}}. Retrieved 5 August 2017.</ref> |
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Deutsche Welle is still suffering from financial and staffing cuts. Its budget was reduced by about €75 million over five years, and of the 2,200 employees it had in 1994, only 1,200 remain. Further cuts are still expected.{{when|date=April 2018}} |
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In 2003, the German government passed a new "Deutsche Welle Act", which defined DW as a tri-media organization, making the Deutsche Welle website an equal partner with DW-TV and DW Radio. The website is available in 30 languages |
In 2003, the German government passed a new "{{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} Act", which defined DW as a tri-media organization, making the {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} website an equal partner with DW-TV and DW Radio. The website is available in 30 languages but focuses on German, English, Spanish, Russian, Brazilian Portuguese, Chinese, and Arabic. Persian became the eighth focus language in 2007. |
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In March 2009, DW-TV expanded its television services in Asia with two new channels, namely DW-TV Asia and DW-TV Asia+. DW-TV Asia (DW-TV Asien in German) contains 16 hours of German programming and 8 hours in English, whilst DW-TV Asia+ contains 18 hours of English programmes plus 6 hours of German programmes.<ref>[http://www.dw.com/en/two-dedicated-channels-provide-gateway-to-europe/a-3930041 Two New Dedicated Channels Provide Gateway to Europe: Two DW-TV channel launched in Asia] Deutsche Welle.</ref> |
In March 2009, DW-TV expanded its television services in Asia with two new channels, namely DW-TV Asia and DW-TV Asia+. DW-TV Asia (DW-TV Asien in German) contains 16 hours of German programming and 8 hours in English, whilst DW-TV Asia+ contains 18 hours of English programmes plus 6 hours of German programmes.<ref>[http://www.dw.com/en/two-dedicated-channels-provide-gateway-to-europe/a-3930041 Two New Dedicated Channels Provide Gateway to Europe: Two DW-TV channel launched in Asia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709061649/http://www.dw.com/en/two-dedicated-channels-provide-gateway-to-europe/a-3930041 |date=9 July 2017 }} {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}}.</ref> |
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In August 2009, DW-TV's carriage in the United Kingdom on [[Sky Digital (UK & Ireland)|Sky]] channel 794 ceased, although the channel continues to be available via other European satellites receivable in the UK.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2055640587 |title=No more DW-TV on Sky/Astra |work=Boards |access-date=15 May 2015}}</ref> |
In August 2009, DW-TV's carriage in the United Kingdom on [[Sky Digital (UK & Ireland)|Sky]] channel 794 ceased, although the channel continues to be available via other European satellites receivable in the UK.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2055640587 |title = No more DW-TV on Sky/Astra |work = Boards |date = 18 November 2001 |access-date = 15 May 2015 |archive-date = 18 May 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092648/http://www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2055640587 |url-status = live }}</ref> |
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In 2011, DW announced a |
In 2011, DW announced a significant reduction of service including the closure of most of its FM services in the Balkans (except for [[Romani language|Romani]]), but that it would expand its network of FM partners in Africa. The radio production for Hausa, Kiswahili, French, and Portuguese for Africa was optimized for FM broadcasts. DW also produces a regional radio magazine in English daily, which is to be rebroadcast by African partners. |
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Audio content in Arabic is distributed online, via mobile, or rebroadcast by partners. |
Audio content in Arabic is distributed online, via mobile, or rebroadcast by partners. |
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DW announced it would focus on FM partnerships for Bengali, Urdu, Dari/Pashtu, and Indonesian for South Asia, India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. |
DW announced it would focus on FM partnerships for Bengali, Urdu, Dari/Pashtu, and Indonesian for South Asia, India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. |
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On 1 November 2011, DW discontinued shortwave broadcasts in German, Russian, Persian, and Indonesian and ended its English service outside Africa. Chinese programming was reduced from 120 minutes to 60 minutes a week. As of November 2011, DW only broadcast radio programming via shortwave in |
On 1 November 2011, DW discontinued shortwave broadcasts in German, Russian, Persian, and Indonesian and ended its English service outside Africa. Chinese programming was reduced from 120 minutes to 60 minutes a week. As of November 2011, DW only broadcast radio programming via shortwave in Amharic, Chinese, Dari, English, and French for Africa, Hausa, Kiswahili, Pashtu, Portuguese for Africa and Urdu.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.dw.com/en/deutsche-welle-changes-in-radio-broadcasts-starting-this-summer/a-6529299 |title = Changes in radio broadcasts starting this summer |publisher = Deutsche Welle |access-date = 19 July 2015 |archive-date = 22 July 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150722074611/http://www.dw.com/en/deutsche-welle-changes-in-radio-broadcasts-starting-this-summer/a-6529299 |url-status = live }}</ref> |
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The budget of the Deutsche Welle for 2016 was 301.8 million euros.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.horizont.net/medien/nachrichten/Etataufstockung-Deutsche-Welle-erhaelt-mehr-als-zehn-Millionen-zusaetzlich-137721 |title=Etataufstockung: Deutsche Welle erhält mehr als zehn Millionen zusätzlich}}</ref> |
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On 25 February 2018, [[DW-TV]] published ''"The Climate Cover Up – Big Oil's Campaign of Deception"'' (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/the-climate-cover-up-big-oils-deception/av-42731406 |title=The climate cover-up – big oil's deception {{!}} All media content {{!}} DW {{!}} 25 February 2018|last=(www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche Welle|publisher=Deutsche Welle|access-date=26 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225124442/http://www.dw.com/en/the-climate-cover-up-big-oils-deception/av-42731406|archive-date=25 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> after documents confirmed big oil companies have known<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Supran |first1=Geoffrey |last2=Oreskes |first2=Naomi |year=2017 |title=Assessing ExxonMobil's climate change communications (1977–2014) |url=http://stacks.iop.org/1748-9326/12/i=8/a=084019 |journal=Environmental Research Letters |volume=12 |issue=8 |page=084019 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aa815f |issn=1748-9326 |bibcode=2017ERL....12h4019S |doi-access=free}}</ref> the burning of fossil fuels impacts climate since 1957.<ref>{{Citation |last=DW Documentary |title=The climate cover up – big oil's campaign of deception {{!}} DW Documentary|date=25 February 2018|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dbwEniX51t0|access-date=26 February 2018}}</ref> |
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=== Rebranding television news === |
=== Rebranding television news === |
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On 22 June 2015, DW TV launched a 24-hour English-language news channel with a new design and a new studio as part of a rebrand to [[DW News]]. Previously, DW's news programmes were called [[Journal (German TV programme)|''Journal'']] and broadcast in English in 3-, 15- and 30-minute blocks. The new channel offers 30-minute updates every hour and 60-minute programmes twice a day on weekdays. DW News broadcasts from Berlin but frequently has live social media segments hosted from a specially |
On 22 June 2015, DW TV launched a 24-hour English-language news channel with a new design and a new studio as part of a rebrand to [[DW News]]. Previously, DW's news programmes were called [[Journal (German TV programme)|''Journal'']] and broadcast in English in 3-, 15- and 30-minute blocks. The new channel offers 30-minute updates every hour and 60-minute programmes twice a day on weekdays. DW News broadcasts from Berlin but frequently has live social media segments hosted from a specially designed studio in Bonn. The German, Spanish, and Arabic channels also received a new design. |
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At the same time, DW's news website moved from a .de [[URL]] to .com and added a social media stream to its front page. The refreshed DW services were launched under the tagline 'Made for Minds'. |
At the same time, DW's news website moved from a .de [[URL]] to .com and added a social media stream to its front page. The refreshed DW services were launched under the tagline 'Made for Minds'. |
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=== Plans for the future === |
=== Plans for the future === |
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Deutsche Welle has developed a [[Two-tier system|two-tier]] approach that they are using for future growth of their company which consists of a global approach and a regional approach. Within their global approach, DW has now made plans to boost its competitiveness market throughout the world with news and television coverage. The plan implements covering |
{{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} has developed a [[Two-tier system|two-tier]] approach that they are using for the future growth of their company which consists of a global approach and a regional approach. Within their global approach, DW has now made plans to boost its competitiveness market throughout the world with news and television coverage. The plan implements covering almost all regions of the world with two television channels in each region. With some exclusions, the entire world will be covered. Hours covered range throughout regions and the coverage will be in German, English, Spanish, and Arabic.<ref name="nhk-2014">{{cite web |last=Masayuki |first=Saito |date=March 2014 |title=International Broadcasters Confronted with Great Changes: Their Strategies amid Streamlining Part II: Deutsche Welle (Germany) |url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/english/reports/pdf/report_14030101-2.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326220117/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/english/reports/pdf/report_14030101-2.pdf |archive-date=26 March 2020}}</ref> |
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The regional approach looks at marketing over the |
The regional approach looks at marketing over the Internet to offer news coverage in languages other than the 4 being offered. With updates on DW's website news will be better tailored to each region. Over time, they plan to diversify their online coverage with more regional content being covered.<ref name="nhk-2014" /> |
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The budget of the {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} for 2016 was 301.8 million euros.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.horizont.net/medien/nachrichten/Etataufstockung-Deutsche-Welle-erhaelt-mehr-als-zehn-Millionen-zusaetzlich-137721 |title = Etataufstockung: Deutsche Welle erhält mehr als zehn Millionen zusätzlich |access-date = 29 August 2017 |archive-date = 29 August 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170829165216/http://www.horizont.net/medien/nachrichten/Etataufstockung-Deutsche-Welle-erhaelt-mehr-als-zehn-Millionen-zusaetzlich-137721 |url-status = live }}</ref> |
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=== Logos === |
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On 25 February 2018, [[DW-TV]] published ''"The Climate Cover Up – Big Oil's Campaign of Deception"'' (2018)<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.dw.com/en/the-climate-cover-up-big-oils-deception/av-42731406 |title = The climate cover-up – big oil's deception {{!}} All media content {{!}} DW {{!}} 25 February 2018 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=26 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225124442/http://www.dw.com/en/the-climate-cover-up-big-oils-deception/av-42731406|archive-date=25 February 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> after documents confirmed big oil companies have known<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Supran |first1=Geoffrey |last2=Oreskes |first2=Naomi |author2-link=Naomi Oreskes |year=2017 |title = Assessing ExxonMobil's climate change communications (1977–2014) |url = http://stacks.iop.org/1748-9326/12/i=8/a=084019 |journal=Environmental Research Letters |volume=12 |issue=8 |page=084019 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aa815f |issn=1748-9326 |bibcode=2017ERL....12h4019S |doi-access=free }}</ref> the burning of fossil fuels impacts climate since 1957.<ref>{{Citation |author = DW Documentary |title = The climate cover up – big oil's campaign of deception {{!}} DW Documentary |date = 25 February 2018 |url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dbwEniX51t0 |access-date = 26 February 2018 |archive-date = 4 March 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180304021435/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dbwEniX51t0 |url-status = live }}</ref> |
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== Funding == |
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{{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} is funded from federal grants taken from the federal tax revenue.<ref>{{cite web|url =https://www.dw.com/de/wer-finanziert-die-deutsche-welle/a-279073|title =wer finanziert die deutsche welle|date =February 2012|publisher =Deutsche Welle|access-date =25 February 2022|archive-date =18 February 2022|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20220218125342/https://www.dw.com/de/wer-finanziert-die-deutsche-welle/a-279073|url-status =live}}</ref> |
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Since the reorganisation of broadcasting as a result of German reunification, {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} has been the only remaining broadcasting corporation under federal law. In contrast to the national public broadcasters, which are financed by the license fee the ARD state broadcasters, Deutschlandradio and ZDF, it is not financed through the broadcasting fee, but from federal taxes. The Ministry for Culture and Media is responsible for the financing, which in turn allows the DW to offer a broadcast with low to nonexistent advertising time. |
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== Censorship == |
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On 10 April 2019, DW announced that [[Venezuela]]'s state telecoms regulator [[National Commission of Telecommunications|Conatel]] had halted its Spanish-language channel. By 15 April, the broadcasting service was restored.<ref>Vivian Sequera and Andrea Shalal (15 April 2019), [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-media-germany/german-state-owned-tv-says-it-returns-to-venezuela-screens-idUSKCN1RR221 German state-owned TV says it returns to Venezuela screens] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416163927/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-media-germany/german-state-owned-tv-says-it-returns-to-venezuela-screens-idUSKCN1RR221 |date=16 April 2019 }} [[Reuters]].</ref> |
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In 2019, the Russian [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] accused DW of calling on Russians to take part in recent anti-government protests and threatened it would take action against the outlet under domestic law if it made such calls again.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ostroukh |first1=Andrey |last2=Balmforth |first2=Tom |date=8 August 2019 |title=Russia accuses Deutsche Welle of urging Russians to take part in protests |work=[[Reuters]] |publication-place=Moscow |editor-last=Lawson |editor-first=Hugh |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-politics-deutschewelle-idUSKCN1UY23E |access-date=15 December 2020 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417044621/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-politics-deutschewelle-idUSKCN1UY23E |url-status=live }}</ref> Shortly after, Russia's parliament accused DW of breaking [[Elections in Russia|election legislation]] and asked the foreign ministry to consider revoking the German broadcaster's right to work in the country.<ref name="reuters.com">{{Cite news |last1=Kiselyova |first1=Maria |last2=Balmforth |first2=Tom |date=6 November 2019 |title=Russia's foreign ministry opposes call to ban Deutsche Welle: Ifax |work=[[Reuters]] |publication-place=Moscow |editor-last=Heavens |editor-first=Andrew |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-politics-germany-deutschewelle-idUSKBN1XG0Z1 |access-date=15 December 2020 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417044613/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-politics-germany-deutschewelle-idUSKBN1XG0Z1 |url-status=live }}</ref> By November, Russian Foreign Minister [[Sergei Lavrov]] declared he did not support banning foreign media outlets.<ref name="reuters.com" /> |
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On 3 February 2022, in retaliation to Germany's broadcasting regulator's decision to ban the transmission of the Russian state-run [[RT DE|RT Deutsch]] channel over a lack of a broadcasting license, the Russian foreign ministry said that it would shut down DW's Moscow bureau, strip all DW staff of their accreditation and terminate broadcasting of DW in Russia. It also stated that it would begin the procedure of designating DW as a "[[Russian foreign agent law|foreign agent]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/02/03/russia-shuts-down-deutsche-welles-moscow-office-a76254|title=Russia Shuts Down German Broadcaster Deutsche Welle's Moscow Office|website=themoscowtimes.com|date=3 February 2022|access-date=3 February 2022|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407122810/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/02/03/russia-shuts-down-deutsche-welles-moscow-office-a76254|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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The Moscow office of {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} was informed that it would be shut at 9:00 on Friday, 4 February 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|date=4 February 2022|title=German anger as Russia shuts international broadcaster Deutsche Welle|page=1|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60257581|access-date=4 February 2022|archive-date=4 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204115632/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60257581|url-status=live}}</ref> DW made plans to relocate Moscow operations to the Latvian capital, [[Riga]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-09 |title=Deutsche Welle relocates to Riga |url=https://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2022/03/09/deutsche-welle-relocates-to-riga/ |access-date=2022-03-13 |website=Broadband TV News |language=en-GB |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313034620/https://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2022/03/09/deutsche-welle-relocates-to-riga/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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In March 2022, a [[Belarus]]ian court recognized the Telegram channel “DW Belarus” and the Deutsche Welle logo as extremist materials.<ref>{{cite web|title=Материалы Deutsche Welle признаны экстремистскими в Белоруссии|url=https://www.interfax.ru/world/827209|website=[[Interfax]]|date=2022-03-09|accessdate=2024-04-30|lang=ru}}</ref> In April 2024, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus labeled DW Belarus as an extremist group.<ref>{{cite web|title=Белорусскую службу DW признали экстремистским формированием|url=https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/662f634e9a79470fcd0afa61|website=[[RBK Group]]|date=2024-04-29|accessdate=2024-04-30|language=ru}}</ref> |
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On 30 June 2022, DW was banned in [[Turkey]] upon the request of [[Radio and Television Supreme Council]] (RTÜK). RTÜK ordered DW in February 2022 to pay the license fee or to terminate their service in Turkey.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-30 |title=Turkey blocks access to Deutsche Welle, Voice of America for not getting licenses -official |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/turkey-blocks-access-deutsche-welle-voice-america-not-getting-licenses-official-2022-06-30/ |access-date=2022-06-30 |archive-date=30 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630211954/https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/turkey-blocks-access-deutsche-welle-voice-america-not-getting-licenses-official-2022-06-30/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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In October 2022, [[Iran]] sanctioned DW Farsi for coverage of [[Mahsa Amini protests|2022 Iranian protests]]. Iran's Foreign Ministry announced the sanctions in a statement, accusing those listed of "supporting terrorism."<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2022 |title=Tehran sanctions DW Farsi for coverage of Iran protests |url=https://www.dw.com/en/iran-sanctions-dw-farsi-for-coverage-of-protests/a-63562810 |website=DW News |access-date=17 April 2023 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417172722/https://www.dw.com/en/iran-sanctions-dw-farsi-for-coverage-of-protests/a-63562810 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2022 |title=وزارت امور خارجه برخی افراد و نهادهای اروپایی را تحریم کرد/ دویچه وله آلمان و RFA فرانسه از جمله تحریمشدگان هستند. |url=https://www.entekhab.ir/fa/news/700487/%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AE%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5-%D9%88-%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%87-%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%81%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85-%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7 |website=Entekhab.ir |access-date=17 April 2023 |archive-date=17 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417172722/https://www.entekhab.ir/fa/news/700487/%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AE%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5-%D9%88-%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%87-%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%81%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85-%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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== Logos == |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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File:Deutsche Welle (1953).svg|First logo (1953) |
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Deutsche Welle |
File:Deutsche Welle 1992.svg|Second logo (1992–1995), introduced following the start of {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} TV in 1992 |
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File:Deutsche Welle (1995-2003).svg|Third logo (1995–2003) |
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Deutsche Welle Dachmarke.svg|Deutsche Welle logo (1995–2012), intended to suggest a radio wave, although it drew comparisons to the Nike [[Swoosh]] |
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Deutsche Welle |
File:Deutsche Welle logo.svg|Fourth logo (2003-2012) |
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File:Deutsche Welle Logo.svg|Fifth and current logo (2012–present) |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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== Broadcast languages == |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
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|- |
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! Language !! Began !! Ceased !! Linear broadcast<ref>{{cite web |url=https://corporate.dw.com/en/regional-reception/s-6809 |title=Regional Reception |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=13 August 2024}}</ref> |
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! Language !! Began !! Ceased !! Remarks |
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|- |
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|| [[German Standard German|German]] || 1953<ref name="dw50a">{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/1950-1954/a-326253-1 |title=1950–1954 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref> || || TV |
|| [[German Standard German|German]] || 1953<ref name="dw50a">{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/1950-1954/a-326253-1 |title=1950–1954 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=19 July 2015 |archive-date=22 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722074603/http://www.dw.com/en/1950-1954/a-326253-1 |url-status=live }}</ref> || || Ceased 1 January 2024<ref>{{cite web |url=https://corporate.dw.com/de/einstellung-des-deutschen-tv-kanals-zum-01012024/a-66551841 |title=Einstellung des deutschen TV Kanals zum 01.01.2024 |trans-title=Discontinuation of the German TV channel on 01.01.2024 |language=de |publisher=Deutsche Welle |date=2 January 2024 |access-date=13 August 2024}}</ref> |
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|- |
|- |
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|| English * || rowspan="4" | 1954<ref name="dw50a" /> || || Radio (also football) & TV |
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|- |
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|| French * || || Radio (also football) |
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|- |
|- |
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|| [[Standard Spanish|Spanish]] || || TV |
|| [[Standard Spanish|Spanish]] || || Radio (football) & TV |
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|- |
|- |
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|| [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] || || style="vertical-align:top;" | Radio |
|| [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] || || style="vertical-align:top;" | Radio (also football) |
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|- |
|- |
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|| [[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]] || 1959<ref name="dw50b">{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/1955-1959/a-326264-1 |title=1955–1959 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref> || || TV |
|| [[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]] || 1959<ref name="dw50b">{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/1955-1959/a-326264-1 |title=1955–1959 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=19 July 2015 |archive-date=1 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101150132/https://www.dw.com/en/1955-1959/a-326264-1 |url-status=live }}</ref> || || Radio (Iraq, Sudan <ref name="a">before 25 December 2024</ref> and football) & TV |
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|- |
|- |
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|| [[Persian language|Persian]] || rowspan="8" | 1962<ref name="dw60a">{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/1960-1964/a-326452-1 |title=1960–1964 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref> || || |
|| [[Persian language|Persian]] || rowspan="8" | 1962<ref name="dw60a">{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/1960-1964/a-326452-1 |title=1960–1964 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=19 July 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304212805/http://www.dw.com/en/1960-1964/a-326452-1 |url-status=live }}</ref> || || |
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|- |
|- |
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|| [[Turkish language|Turkish]] || || |
|| [[Turkish language|Turkish]] || || |
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|- |
|- |
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|| [[Russian language|Russian]] || || |
|| [[Russian language|Russian]] || || TV |
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|- |
|- |
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|| [[Polish language|Polish]] * || || |
|| [[Polish language|Polish]] * || || |
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|- |
|- |
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|| [[Czech language|Czech]] * || 2000<ref name="dw00a">{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/2000-2005/a-326583-1 |title=2000–2005 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref> || |
|| [[Czech language|Czech]] * || 2000<ref name="dw00a">{{cite web |url = http://www.dw.com/en/2000-2005/a-326583-1 |title = 2000–2005 |publisher = Deutsche Welle |access-date = 19 July 2015 |archive-date = 22 July 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150722074617/http://www.dw.com/en/2000-2005/a-326583-1 |url-status = live }}</ref> || |
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|| [[Slovak language|Slovak]] * || 2000<ref name="dw00a" /> || |
|| [[Slovak language|Slovak]] * || 2000<ref name="dw00a" /> || |
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|- |
|- |
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|| [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] * || 2000<ref name="dw00a" /> || |
|| [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] * || 2000-2021<ref name="dw00a" /> || |
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|- |
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|| [[Serbo-Croatian]] * || 1992<ref name="dw90a" /> || |
|| [[Serbo-Croatian]] * || 1992<ref name="dw90a" /> || |
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|| [[Swahili language|Swahili]] || rowspan="6" | 1963<ref name="dw60a" /> || || Radio |
|| [[Swahili language|Swahili]] || rowspan="6" | 1963<ref name="dw60a" /> || || Radio (also football) |
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|- |
|- |
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|| [[Hausa language|Hausa]] || || Radio |
|| [[Hausa language|Hausa]] || || Radio (also football) |
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|- |
|- |
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|| [[Indonesian language|Indonesian (Malay)]] || || |
|| [[Indonesian language|Indonesian (Malay)]] || || |
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| Line 147: | Line 176: | ||
|| [[Urdu language|Urdu]] || || |
|| [[Urdu language|Urdu]] || || |
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|| Italian * || 1998<ref name="dw90b">{{cite web |url = http://www.dw.com/en/1995-1999/a-326569-1 |title = 1995–1999 |publisher = Deutsche Welle |access-date = 19 July 2015 |archive-date = 22 July 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150722074624/http://www.dw.com/en/1995-1999/a-326569-1 |url-status = live }}</ref> || |
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|- |
|- |
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|| [[Standard Chinese|Chinese]] || rowspan="2" | 1965<ref name="dw60b">{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/1965-1969/a-326466-1 |title=1965–1969 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref> || || |
|| [[Standard Chinese|Chinese]] || rowspan="2" | 1965<ref name="dw60b">{{cite web |url = http://www.dw.com/en/1965-1969/a-326466-1 |title = 1965–1969 |publisher = Deutsche Welle |access-date = 19 July 2015 |archive-date = 27 September 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150927181623/http://www.dw.com/en/1965-1969/a-326466-1 |url-status = live }}</ref> || || |
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|| [[Amharic language|Amharic]] || || Radio |
|| [[Amharic language|Amharic]] || || Radio |
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| Line 155: | Line 184: | ||
|| [[Sanskrit]] || 1966 || 1998 || |
|| [[Sanskrit]] || 1966 || 1998 || |
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|| Japanese || rowspan="2" | 1969<ref name="dw60b" /> || 2000<ref name="dw00a" /> || |
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|- |
|- |
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|| [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] || || |
|| [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] || || |
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|- |
|- |
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|| [[Pashto language|Pashto]] || rowspan="2" | 1970<ref name="dw70a">{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/1970-1974/a-326508-1 |title=1970–1974 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref> || || |
|| [[Pashto language|Pashto]] || rowspan="2" | 1970<ref name="dw70a">{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/1970-1974/a-326508-1 |title=1970–1974 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=19 July 2015 |archive-date=22 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722074621/http://www.dw.com/en/1970-1974/a-326508-1 |url-status=live }}</ref> || || |
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|- |
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|| [[Dari (Persian)|Dari]] || || |
|| [[Dari (Persian)|Dari]] || || |
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|- |
|- |
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|| [[Serbian language|Serbian]] || rowspan="3" | 1992<ref name="dw90a">{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/1990-1994/a-326552-1 |title=1990–1994 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref> || || |
|| [[Serbian language|Serbian]] || rowspan="3" | 1992<ref name="dw90a">{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/1990-1994/a-326552-1 |title=1990–1994 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=19 July 2015 |archive-date=22 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722074619/http://www.dw.com/en/1990-1994/a-326552-1 |url-status=live }}</ref> || || |
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|| [[Croatian language|Croatian]] || || |
|| [[Croatian language|Croatian]] || || |
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| Line 181: | Line 210: | ||
|| [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] || 2000<ref name="dw00a" /> || || |
|| [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] || 2000<ref name="dw00a" /> || || |
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|- |
|- |
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|| [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] || 2005<ref>{{cite web |url=http://belarusdigest.com/story/broadcasting-democracy-belarus-7248 |title=Broadcasting Democracy to Belarus |work=Belarus Digest |access-date=15 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205113902/http://belarusdigest.com/story/broadcasting-democracy-belarus-7248 |archive-date=5 December 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> || |
|| [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] || 2005<ref>{{cite web |url = http://belarusdigest.com/story/broadcasting-democracy-belarus-7248 |title = Broadcasting Democracy to Belarus |work = Belarus Digest |access-date=15 May 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141205113902/http://belarusdigest.com/story/broadcasting-democracy-belarus-7248 |archive-date=5 December 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> || 2011–2020 || |
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|| [[Tamil language|Tamil]] || 2021 || || |
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|} |
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* partly by [[Deutschlandfunk]] (until 1993) |
* partly by [[Deutschlandfunk]] (until 1993) |
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== Broadcasting == |
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== Controversy or censorship == |
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The main distribution of DW programs is by Satellite transmissions, Internet Stream and re-broadcasting by local FM-radio stations. Historically shortwave broadcastswere the main distribution chanel of international broadcsters. so Deutsche Welle. |
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On 10 April 2019, DW announced that [[Venezuela]]'s state telecoms regulator [[National Commission of Telecommunications|Conatel]] had halted its Spanish-language channel. By 15 April, the broadcasting service was restored.<ref>Vivian Sequera and Andrea Shalal (15 April 2019), [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-media-germany/german-state-owned-tv-says-it-returns-to-venezuela-screens-idUSKCN1RR221 German state-owned TV says it returns to Venezuela screens] [[Reuters]].</ref> |
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For parts of Africa, where DW believes many people can still be reached via radio, DW broadcasts programs via shortwave. |
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Also in 2019, the Russian [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] accused DW of calling on Russians to take part in recent anti-government protests, and threatened it would take action against the outlet under domestic law if it made such calls again.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ostroukh |first=Andrey |last2=Balmforth |first2=Tom |date=8 August 2019 |title=Russia accuses Deutsche Welle of urging Russians to take part in protests |agency=[[Reuters]] |publication-place=Moscow |editor-last=Lawson |editor-first=Hugh |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-politics-deutschewelle-idUSKCN1UY23E}}</ref> Shortly after, Russia's parliament accused DW of breaking [[Elections in Russia|election legislation]] and asked the foreign ministry to consider revoking the German broadcaster's right to work in the country.<ref name="reuters.com">{{Cite news |last=Kiselyova |first=Maria |last2=Balmforth |first2=Tom |date=6 November 2019 |title=Russia's foreign ministry opposes call to ban Deutsche Welle: Ifax |agency=[[Reuters]] |publication-place=Moscow |editor-last=Heavens |editor-first=Andrew |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-politics-germany-deutschewelle-idUSKBN1XG0Z1}}</ref> By November, Russian Foreign Minister [[Sergei Lavrov]] declared he did not support banning foreign media outlets.<ref name="reuters.com" /> |
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The TV program is distributed via various satellite channels and fed into cable networks. It is also available as a live stream on the DW website and in the ARD media library. Since 2019, DW has been providing its websites as an onion service via the Tor network in order to circumvent censorship measures by non-democratic states. |
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There has also been controversy in the way the German broadcasters of DW cover domestic stories. In German society, journalists have been known to shape perspectives of the national identity using terms or the themes they choose to cover. According to William Silcock, "research in the bicultural (German and English) newsroom at Deutsche Welle provided the opportunity to see how national myths were forged and maintained by the dominant culture and how such myths were accepted or resisted by the other." Silcock explains his research by saying, "Transporting an understanding of the past{{snd}}this German national myth{{snd}}through global television was an unarticulated, but very present, goal of the Deutsche Welle's news organization."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Silcock |first=B. William |date=June 2002 |title=Global News, National Stories: Producers as Mythmakers at Germany's Deutsche Welle Television |journal=Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly |language=en |volume=79 |issue=2 |pages=339–352 |doi=10.1177/107769900207900206 |s2cid=146272016 |issn=1077-6990}}</ref> |
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Deutsche Welle was heavily involved in technological resarch initiatives in order to adapt shortwave transmission to today's standards through the use of digital technology. DW favored the technology of the [[Digital Radio Mondiale]] consortium. In 2008 she started the BBC & DW project with the British BBC. However, this was soon discontinued due to a lack of success on the listener side. |
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== Shortwave relay stations == |
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=== Transmitter sites in Germany === |
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The [[Jülich radio transmitter]] site began operation in 1956 with eleven 100 kW [[Telefunken]] transmitters. |
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The Wertachtal site was authorized in 1972 and began service with four 500 kW transmitters. By 1989 there were 15 transmitters, four of which relayed the [[Voice of America]]. |
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The Nauen transmitter site was inherited from Radio Berlin International. RBI's Russian-made three 500 kW and one 100 kW transmitters were replaced by four Telefunken 500 kW transmitters and four rotatable antennas. Deutsche Welle no longer uses any of its transmitters in Germany. |
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=== Shortwave relay stations outside Germany === |
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=== Shortwave relay stations === |
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In the so called "Golden area" of shortwave radio at the time of the [[Cold War|cold war]], DW had a number of shortwave relay stations in South-East Asia, Africa and Europe. |
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* [[Trincomalee]], [[Sri Lanka]] (1984 to 2013) sold to Sri Lanka Broadcasting Cooperation |
* [[Trincomalee]], [[Sri Lanka]] (1984 to 2013) sold to Sri Lanka Broadcasting Cooperation |
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** 3 × 250 kW shortwave transmitters |
** 3 × 250 kW shortwave transmitters |
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** 1 × 400 kW mediumwave transmitter |
** 1 × 400 kW mediumwave transmitter |
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** 20 antennas (to be verified) |
** 20 antennas (to be verified) |
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* Kigali, [[Rwanda]]: A relay station in Kigali, Rwanda, was inaugurated on 30 August 1963, and provided coverage for Africa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/transmitting-from-the-hilltops-of-kigali/a-15692249 |title=Transmitting from the hilltops of Kigali |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref> This relay station closed 28 March 2015. |
* Kigali, [[Rwanda]]: A relay station in Kigali, Rwanda, was inaugurated on 30 August 1963, and provided coverage for Africa.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.dw.com/en/transmitting-from-the-hilltops-of-kigali/a-15692249 |title = Transmitting from the hilltops of Kigali |date = 31 January 2012 |publisher = Deutsche Welle |access-date = 19 July 2015 |archive-date = 22 July 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150722074613/http://www.dw.com/en/transmitting-from-the-hilltops-of-kigali/a-15692249 |url-status = live }}</ref> This relay station closed 28 March 2015. |
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** 4 × 250 kW shortwave transmitters |
** 4 × 250 kW shortwave transmitters |
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* Sines, Portugal closed on 30 October 2011 and was due to be dismantled after a few months. |
* Sines, Portugal closed on 30 October 2011 and was due to be dismantled after a few months. |
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** 3 × 250 kW shortwave transmitters |
** 3 × 250 kW shortwave transmitters |
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* [[Radio Antilles]], [[Montserrat]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ontheshortwaves.com/Wavescan/wavescan180325.html |url-access= |title=The Caribbean Radio Scene: Radio Antilles |author=Adrian M. Peterson |date=March 25, 2018 |department=International Relations |website=ontheshortwaves.com |series=Wavescan N474 |publisher=Adventist World Radio (AWR) |agency= |location= |access-date=13 January 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114013518/http://www.ontheshortwaves.com/Wavescan/wavescan180325.html |archive-date=14 January 2023 |quote= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ontheshortwaves.com/Wavescan/wavescan171015.html |url-access= |title=International Shortwave Broadcasting in the Caribbean Islands |author=Adrian M. Peterson |date=October 15, 2017 |department=International Relations |website=ontheshortwaves.com |series=Wavescan N451 |publisher=Adventist World Radio (AWR) |agency= |location= |access-date=13 January 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114013528/http://www.ontheshortwaves.com/Wavescan/wavescan171015.html |archive-date=14 January 2023 |quote= }}</ref> |
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DW used a relay station in Malta had three SW and one 600 kW-MW transmitter and gave partial coverage of the Americas, Southern Asia and the Far East.<ref>Wood 2000: 51.</ref> It was inaugurated on 29 July 1974 in exchange for a grant of almost 1 million GBP. The station closed in January 1996. |
DW used a relay station in Malta that had three SW and one 600 kW-MW transmitter and gave partial coverage of the Americas, Southern Asia and the Far East.<ref>Wood 2000: 51.</ref> It was inaugurated on 29 July 1974 in exchange for a grant of almost 1 million GBP. The station closed in January 1996. |
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Formerly, DW shared a transmitting station on [[Antigua]] in the [[Caribbean]] with the BBC. It was inaugurated on 1 November 1976 and closed on 31 March 2005. It had a relay-exchange with the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] that allowed DW to use two 250 kW transmitters in Sackville, New Brunswick until that facility closed down in 2012.<ref>Wood 2000: 51–52.</ref> |
Formerly, DW shared a transmitting station on [[Antigua]] in the [[Caribbean]] with the BBC.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ontheshortwaves.com/Wavescan/wavescan181202.html |url-access= |title=Wandering the Caribbean with Deutsche Welle |author=Adrian M. Peterson |date=December 2, 2018 |department=International Relations |website=ontheshortwaves.com |series=Wavescan N510 |publisher=Adventist World Radio (AWR) |agency= |location= |access-date=13 January 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114012049/http://www.ontheshortwaves.com/Wavescan/wavescan181202.html |archive-date=14 January 2023 |quote= }}</ref> It was inaugurated on 1 November 1976 and closed on 31 March 2005. It had a relay-exchange with the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] that allowed DW to use two 250 kW transmitters in Sackville, New Brunswick until that facility closed down in 2012.<ref>Wood 2000: 51–52.</ref> |
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In July 2011 Deutsche Welle began implementing a major reform. The main changes have been a radical reduction of shortwave radio broadcasting—from a daily total of 260 to 55 hours—and an expansion of television broadcasting.<ref name=" |
In July 2011 {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} began implementing a major reform. The main changes have been a radical reduction of shortwave radio broadcasting—from a daily total of 260 to 55 hours—and an expansion of television broadcasting.<ref name="nhk-2014" /> |
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=== Relay stations leasing transmitter time to DW === |
=== Relay stations leasing transmitter time to DW === |
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In 2013, DW leased time on the following relay stations:<ref>[http://www.short-wave.info/?station=DEUTSCHE%20WELLE Deutsche Welle] Short Wave.</ref> |
In 2013, DW leased time on the following relay stations:<ref>[http://www.short-wave.info/?station=DEUTSCHE%20WELLE {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}}] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629223848/http://www.short-wave.info/?station=DEUTSCHE%20WELLE |date=29 June 2013 }} Short Wave.</ref> |
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* [[Woofferton]], United Kingdom ([[BBC World Service]]) |
* [[Woofferton]], United Kingdom ([[BBC World Service]]) |
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* [[Kranji]], Singapore (BBC Far Eastern Relay Station) |
* [[Kranji]], Singapore (BBC Far Eastern Relay Station) |
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| Line 227: | Line 252: | ||
* [[Meyerton, Gauteng|Meyerton]], South Africa ([[Sentech]]) |
* [[Meyerton, Gauteng|Meyerton]], South Africa ([[Sentech]]) |
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==Personnel== |
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== Directors-General == |
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=== Directors-General === |
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* 12 October 1960 – 29 February 1968: Hans Otto Wesemann |
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{{More citations needed|date=February 2022}} |
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* 1 March 1968 – 29 February 1980: Walter Steigner |
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[[File:Impressions June 24, 2015 (19109122045) (cropped).jpg|thumb|The current Director-General, [[Peter Limbourg]], in 2016]] |
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* 1 March 1980 – 8 December 1980: Conrad Ahlers |
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* 12 October 1960 – 29 February 1969: {{Interlanguage link|Hans Otto Wesemann|de|Hans Otto Wesemann}} |
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* 19 December 1980 – 30 June 1981: Heinz Fellhauer (interim) |
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* 1 |
* 1 March 1969 – 29 February 1982: Walter Steigner |
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* 1 |
* 1 March 1982 – 8 December 1984: Conrad Ahlers |
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* |
* 8 December 1984 – 30 June 1986: Heinz Fellhauer (interim) |
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* 1 July 1986 – 30 June 1987: [[Klaus Schütz]] |
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* 1 April 2001 – 30 September 2001: Reinhard Hartstein (interim as deputy intendant) |
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* 1 |
* 1 July 1987 – 30 June 1990: Heinz Fellhauer |
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* 1 |
* 1 July 1990 – 31 March 2002: Dieter Weirich |
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* 1 April 2002 – 30 September 2002: Reinhard Hartstein (interim as deputy intendant) |
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* 1 October 2001 – 30 September 2013: {{Interlanguage link|Erik Bettermann|de|Erik Bettermann|ar|إيريك بيترمان}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 May 2013|title=Bettermann, Erik|url=https://www.dw.com/en/bettermann-erik/a-16813817|access-date=3 February 2022|website=Deutsche Welle|language=en|archive-date=3 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203150709/https://www.dw.com/en/bettermann-erik/a-16813817|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* 1 October 2016 – present: [[Peter Limbourg]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hoffmann|first=Johannes|date=7 October 2013|title=Peter Limbourg took office as director general|url=https://www.dw.com/en/peter-limbourg-took-office-as-director-general/a-17122479|access-date=3 February 2022|website=Deutsche Welle|language=en|archive-date=3 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203145206/https://www.dw.com/en/peter-limbourg-took-office-as-director-general/a-17122479|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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== |
=== Presenters === |
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* [[Tim Sebastian]] |
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* '''DW (Radio)''': shortwave, cable TV, satellite and digital radio ([[Digital Radio Mondiale|DRM]]) broadcasting in 29 languages, with a 24-hour service in German and English |
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* [[Sarah Kelly (journalist)|Sarah Kelly]]<ref name="dwen">{{cite news |url=https://www.dw.com/en/sarah-kelly/a-63576955 |title=Sarah Kelly |website=Deutsche Welle |access-date=10 February 2023 |archive-date=10 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210003254/https://www.dw.com/en/sarah-kelly/a-63576955 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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* '''[[DW-TV|DW (TV)]]''': satellite television broadcasting mainly in [[German Standard German|German]], English, [[Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]] and Spanish. |
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* [[Phil Gayle]] |
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* '''www.dw.com''': 30-language news website |
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* [[Brent Goff]]<ref name="cges">{{Cite web|url=https://cges.georgetown.edu/profile/brent-goff/|title=Brent Goff|access-date=10 February 2023|archive-date=10 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210003134/https://cges.georgetown.edu/profile/brent-goff/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* Deutsche Welle maintains live video streams on [[YouTube]] in German, English, Spanish and Arabic, as well as several channels with recorded videos in various categories and languages. |
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* [[Nicole Frölich]]<ref name="dwnf">{{cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/nicole-fr%C3%B6lich/a-63180124 |title=Nicole Frölich |date=2022-09-20 |work=Deutsche Welle |accessdate=2023-06-22 |archive-date=23 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623013155/https://www.dw.com/en/nicole-fr%C3%B6lich/a-63180124 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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== DW Akademie == |
== DW Akademie == |
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DW Akademie is Deutsche Welle's international center for [[media development]], media consulting and journalism training. It offers training and consulting services to partners around the world. It works with broadcasters, media organizations, and universities especially in developing and transitioning countries to promote free and independent media. The work is funded mainly by the German [[Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/dw-akademie/who-we-are/s-30788 |title=Who we are |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=15 May 2015}}</ref> |
DW Akademie is {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}}'s international center for [[media development]], media consulting and journalism training. It offers training and consulting services to partners around the world. It works with broadcasters, media organizations, and universities especially in developing and transitioning countries to promote free and independent media. The work is funded mainly by the German [[Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.dw.com/en/dw-akademie/who-we-are/s-30788 |title = Who we are |publisher = Deutsche Welle |access-date = 15 May 2015 |archive-date = 19 July 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190719081150/https://www.dw.com/en/dw-akademie/who-we-are/s-30788 |url-status = live }}</ref> |
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Additional sponsors are the [[German Foreign Office]] and the [[European Union]]. |
Additional sponsors are the [[German Foreign Office]] and the [[European Union]]. |
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DW Akademie's journalism traineeship is an 18-month program for young journalists that provides editorial training in the three areas in which Deutsche Welle produces content: radio, television and online. It is aimed at aspiring journalists from Germany as well as from regions to which Deutsche Welle broadcasts.<ref name="traineeship">{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/dw-akademie/program/s-101205 |title=Traineeship Program |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref> |
DW Akademie's journalism traineeship is an 18-month program for young journalists that provides editorial training in the three areas in which {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} produces content: radio, television and online. It is aimed at aspiring journalists from Germany as well as from regions to which {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} broadcasts.<ref name="traineeship">{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/dw-akademie/program/s-101205 |title=Traineeship Program |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=19 July 2015 |archive-date=19 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719082606/https://www.dw.com/en/dw-akademie/program/s-101205 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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The "International Media Studies" Master's Program, offered in cooperation with the [[University of Bonn]] and the University Bonn-Rhein-Sieg of Applied Sciences, is based at DW Akademie. The four-semester program combines the disciplines of media development, media regulation, and communications. The seminars are held in English and German and the degree is aimed at media representatives from developing and transitioning countries. |
The "International Media Studies" Master's Program, offered in cooperation with the [[University of Bonn]] and the University Bonn-Rhein-Sieg of Applied Sciences, is based at DW Akademie. The four-semester program combines the disciplines of media development, media regulation, and communications. The seminars are held in English and German and the degree is aimed at media representatives from developing and transitioning countries. |
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Carsten von Nahmen became head of DW Akademie in September 2018. He had been DW's senior correspondent in Washington since February 2017 and prior to this, deputy editor-in-chief and head of DW's main news department since 2014. Christian Gramsch was director of DW Akademie from November 2013 until May 2018, and prior to this DW's regional director for multimedia. He succeeded DW Akademie director Gerda Meuer, who had previously been deputy editor-in-chief of Deutsche Welle's radio program, and had earlier worked for various media outlets and as a correspondent for Inter News service. Ute Schaeffer has been DW Akademie's deputy head since 2014 and was previously Deutsche Welle's editor-in-chief.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/dw-akademie/about-us/s-9519 |title=About us |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=19 July 2015}}</ref> |
Carsten von Nahmen became head of DW Akademie in September 2018. He had been DW's senior correspondent in Washington since February 2017 and prior to this, deputy editor-in-chief and head of DW's main news department since 2014. Christian Gramsch was director of DW Akademie from November 2013 until May 2018, and prior to this DW's regional director for multimedia. He succeeded DW Akademie director Gerda Meuer, who had previously been deputy editor-in-chief of {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}}'s radio program, and had earlier worked for various media outlets and as a correspondent for Inter News service. Ute Schaeffer has been DW Akademie's deputy head since 2014 and was previously {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}}'s editor-in-chief.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dw.com/en/dw-akademie/about-us/s-9519 |title=About us |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=19 July 2015 |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707003408/https://www.dw.com/en/dw-akademie/about-us/s-9519 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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== Learn German section == |
== Learn German section == |
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{{Primary sources|section|date=December 2021}} |
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Deutsche Welle's website has a section dedicated to providing material for those who are interested in learning the German language.<ref>{{cite web |title=Learn German |url=https://www.dw.com/en/learn-german/s-2469 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=1 June 2019}}</ref> Among the material available in their site, they offer free access to an animated series called Harry lost in Time (Harry gefangen in Zeit), for beginners.<ref>{{cite web |title=Harry – gefangen in Zeit |url=https://www.dw.com/en/learn-german/harry/s-13232 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=1 June 2019}}</ref> Through [[Adobe Flash|Flash]] animation, the series tell the story of a fictional character named Harry Walkott, a man who is struck by lightning in the [[Black Forest]] during his vacation in [[Germany]] and, because of this, becomes stuck in time, with the same day repeating over and over. With an English narration, the series introduces German expressions, words and grammar explanations, and also provides exercises to the user. |
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{{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}}'s website has a section dedicated to providing material for those who are interested in learning the German language of all levels based on the [[Common European Framework of Reference for Languages]]. They offer free video and audio courses with access to exercises and transcripts. Users can also search for suitable courses and test which level they are at.<ref>{{cite web |title=Learn German |url=https://www.dw.com/en/learn-german/s-2469 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |access-date=1 June 2019 |archive-date=25 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125031643/https://www.dw.com/en/learn-german/s-2469 |url-status=live }}</ref> Among the material available in their site, they offer free access to an animated series called "Harry Lost in Time" (Harry gefangen in der Zeit), for beginners.<ref>{{cite web |title = Harry – gefangen in der Zeit |url = https://www.dw.com/en/learn-german/harry/s-13232 |publisher = Deutsche Welle |access-date = 1 June 2019 |archive-date = 31 May 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190531224430/https://www.dw.com/en/learn-german/harry/s-13232 |url-status = live }}</ref> Through [[Adobe Flash|Flash]] animation, the series tells the story of a fictional character named Harry Walkott, a man who is struck by lightning in the [[Black Forest]] during his vacation in Germany and, because of this, becomes stuck in time, with the same day repeating over and over. With an English narration, the series introduces German expressions, words and grammar explanations, and also provides exercises to the user. |
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== Antisemitism controversies == |
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Reporting from ''[[The Guardian]]'' in January 2020 raised allegations of "sexual harassment, racism, antisemitism, and severe bullying" within the organization.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Salfiti |first=Jad |date=2020-01-14 |title=Deutsche Welle staff speak out about alleged racism and bullying |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/14/deutsche-welle-staff-speak-out-about-alleged-racism-and-bullying |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-date=28 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628040924/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/14/deutsche-welle-staff-speak-out-about-alleged-racism-and-bullying |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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On 5 December 2021, {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} announced that it would suspend its partnership with a Jordanian partner, [[Roya TV]], on account of antisemitic content published on Roya's social media.<ref name=":3" /> Guido Baumhauer, a senior executive with DW, apologized, saying: "We are truly sorry that we did not notice these disgusting images."<ref name=":3" /> Roya TV rejected the accusation and said it was the target of "hostile campaign" by unnamed parties.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jordanian TV rejects German station's anti-Israel accusation|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/jordanian-tv-rejects-german-stations-anti-israel-accusation-81587610|access-date=2022-02-19|website=ABC News|language=en|archive-date=19 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219182759/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/jordanian-tv-rejects-german-stations-anti-israel-accusation-81587610|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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In November 2021, [[Süddeutsche Zeitung]] published an investigation into social media comments allegedly made by members of DW's Arabic service, including posts that appeared to downplay the Holocaust or perpetuate anti-Jewish stereotypes.<ref name="Probe">{{Cite news|date=2021-12-03|title=German broadcaster suspends workers amid antisemitism probe|url=https://apnews.com/article/business-religion-europe-social-media-race-and-ethnicity-0a77332661e80f68e58b7cb11c40127f|access-date=2022-02-19|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|archive-date=19 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219182802/https://apnews.com/article/business-religion-europe-social-media-race-and-ethnicity-0a77332661e80f68e58b7cb11c40127f|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2022-02-07|title=German broadcaster DW urged to act against antisemitism|url=https://apnews.com/article/business-europe-middle-east-germany-race-and-ethnicity-3e9025015e9d4386b32117945c6bf1f0|access-date=2022-02-19|website=AP NEWS|language=en|archive-date=19 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219182759/https://apnews.com/article/business-europe-middle-east-germany-race-and-ethnicity-3e9025015e9d4386b32117945c6bf1f0|url-status=live}}</ref> On 3 December 2021, DW announced that it was suspending four employees and one freelancer during an external investigation, to be led by former German Justice Minister [[Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger]] and psychologist Ahmad Mansour, into the allegations.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2021-12-05|title=Deutsche Welle suspends cooperation with Jordan broadcaster|url=https://apnews.com/article/business-middle-east-israel-media-social-media-30fdb59fbf12d0756b865d99a5a1998c|access-date=2022-02-19|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|language=en|archive-date=19 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219182800/https://apnews.com/article/business-middle-east-israel-media-social-media-30fdb59fbf12d0756b865d99a5a1998c|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Probe"/> On 7 February, this investigation concluded that DW was correct to suspend these five employees, and recommended further action against eight other employees; it also recommended ending cooperation agreements with some Middle East-based news outlets, but concluded that there was no "structural antisemitism" at DW.<ref name=":1" /> Following the report, DW terminated the contracts of several other employees, including the former bureau chief in Beirut, who advocated the execution of "[a]nyone who has to do with the Israelis"; an employee who claimed that Israel controls people's brains "through art, media and music"; and a third journalist had posted "the Holocaust is a lie."<ref name="aljazeera.com">{{Cite web|title=German broadcaster DW fires two more Arab employees|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/15/deutsche-welle-fires-two-more-arab-employees|access-date=2022-02-19|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en|archive-date=20 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220013015/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/15/deutsche-welle-fires-two-more-arab-employees|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=German Media Giant DW Fires Staff Over Antisemitism|language=en|work=Haaretz|url=https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/.premium-german-media-giant-dw-fires-staff-over-antisemitism-1.10614935|access-date=2022-02-19|archive-date=19 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219182759/https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/.premium-german-media-giant-dw-fires-staff-over-antisemitism-1.10614935|url-status=live}}</ref> Several of those fired stated that they had not been given a chance to defend their case, criticized DW's lack of clarity regarding guidelines for what constituted antisemitism, and said they felt they were being censored in what they could write about the [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict|Israeli-Palestinian conflict]].<ref name="Scapegoats">{{Cite news|last=Alsaafin|first=Linah|title='We are scapegoats': Arab journalists fired by Deutsche Welle|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/11/career-assassination-dws-scapegoating-of-arab-employees|access-date=2022-02-19|publisher=[[Al Jazeera Arabic|Al Jazeera]]|archive-date=19 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219182800/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/11/career-assassination-dws-scapegoating-of-arab-employees|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="aljazeera.com"/> |
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In September 2022, Farah Maraqa, one of seven Arab employees of DW fired<ref name="Scapegoats"/> in February, subsequently sued DW and won her case. The court ruled that her dismissal on charges of anti-Semitism was "legally unjustified". A former colleague, Maram Salem, won her case in July against DW for unlawful termination, ruling that her Facebook posts were not anti-Semitic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/9/5/german-court-rules-palestinian-ex-dw-journalist-sacking-unlawful|title=German court rules Palestinian ex-DW journalist sacking unlawful|first=Linah|last=Alsaafin|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=5 September 2022|archive-date=5 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905222526/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/9/5/german-court-rules-palestinian-ex-dw-journalist-sacking-unlawful|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Also in September 2022, {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}} updated its [[Code of Conduct]] to include "Germany's historical responsibility for the Holocaust is also a reason for which we support the right of Israel to exist" among their values and noted antisemitism is grounds for dismissal.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/dw-code-of-conduct-in-32-languages/a-62448730 |title=DW: Code of Conduct in 32 languages |date=2022-09-01 |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=Deutsche Welle |archive-date=17 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220917122432/https://www.dw.com/en/dw-code-of-conduct-in-32-languages/a-62448730 |url-status=live }}</ref> The updated code of conduct is thought to improve {{Lang|de|Deutsche Welle|italic=no}}'s chances of successfully terminating antisemitic employees in the future.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/german-public-broadcaster-now-requiring-employees-to-support-israels-right-to-exist/ |title=German public broadcaster now requiring employees to support Israel's right to exist |date=2022-09-16 |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |last=Axelrod |first=Toby |archive-date=18 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220918052100/https://www.timesofisrael.com/german-public-broadcaster-now-requiring-employees-to-support-israels-right-to-exist/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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In August 2023, [[The New Arab]] published the results of a year long internal investigation by the pro-Palestinian activist publication ''Arab48'' which opined that Arab employees were unfairly dismissed over largely spurious antisemitism charges.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newarab.com/investigations/pro-israel-bias-shaped-dws-antisemitism-probe-pt1|title=Pro-Israel bias shaped DW's antisemitism probe - pt1|first=Rabeea Eid, Rashad|last=Alhindi|date=25 August 2023|website=The new Arab|access-date=25 August 2023|archive-date=25 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825115849/https://www.newarab.com/investigations/pro-israel-bias-shaped-dws-antisemitism-probe-pt1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newarab.com/investigations/pro-israel-bias-shaped-dws-antisemitism-probe-pt2|title=Pro-Israel bias shaped DW's antisemitism probe - pt2|first=Rabeea Eid, Rashad|last=Alhindi|date=25 August 2023|website=The new Arab|access-date=25 August 2023|archive-date=25 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825114346/https://www.newarab.com/investigations/pro-israel-bias-shaped-dws-antisemitism-probe-pt2|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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== Upcoming channels == |
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* DW [[Amharic]] |
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* DW [[Comedy]] |
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* DW [[Concert]] [[TV]] |
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* DW [[Earth]] |
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* DW [[French language|Francais]] |
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* DW [[Hausa language|Hausa]] |
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* DW [[Hindi]] |
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* DW [[Live television|Live+]] |
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* DW [[Mandarin language|Mandarin]] |
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* DW N24 |
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* DW [[Dutch language|Nederlands]] |
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* DW [[News]] [[Asia–Pacific|APAC]] |
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* DW [[News]] [[Europe]] |
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* DW [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] |
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* DW [[Sport]] |
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* DW [[Fashion|Style]] |
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* DW [[Tamil language|Tamil]] |
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* DW [[Travel Channel]] |
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* [[DW-TV]] Plus |
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* DW [[Urdu]] |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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{{Portal|Germany|Journalism|Television}} |
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* [[BBC]] |
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* [[Euronews]] |
* [[Euronews]] |
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* [[Karin Helmstaedt]] – DW presenter for the ''Euromaxx'' culture and lifestyle show |
* [[Karin Helmstaedt]] – DW presenter for the ''Euromaxx'' culture and lifestyle show |
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* [[Max Hofmann]] – Brussels Bureau Chief for DW in Belgium |
* [[Max Hofmann]] – Brussels Bureau Chief for DW in Belgium |
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* [[Television in Germany]] |
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* [[List of world news channels]] |
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== Notes == |
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{{NoteFoot}} |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Commons category}} |
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* {{Official website}} |
* {{Official website}} |
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* [https://dw-akademie.com/ DW Akademie] |
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* {{cite web |url=http://thebobs.com/english/ |website=The Bobs |title=DW International Weblog Award |year=2016}}{{Relevance inline|date=January 2021}} |
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* [http://streema.com/radios/play/165 Live Audio Stream] |
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* [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCW39zufHfsuGgpLviKh297Q Official documentary YouTube channel] |
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{{ARD/ZDF}} |
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[[Category:Radio stations established in 1953]] |
[[Category:Radio stations established in 1953]] |
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[[Category:Radio stations in Berlin]] |
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[[Category:Media listed in Russia as foreign agents]] |
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[[Category:Deutsche Welle]] |
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[[Category:State media]] |
[[Category:State media]] |
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[[Category:News and talk radio stations]] |
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[[Category:Russian-language websites]] |
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[[Category:Publicly funded English language broadcasters]] |
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Latest revision as of 00:24, 1 December 2024
 | |
 Headquarters in Bonn | |
| Type | Broadcasting news and discussions |
|---|---|
| Country | Germany |
| Broadcast area | Worldwide |
| Affiliates | World Radio Network |
| Headquarters | Bonn, Germany |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | German, English, Bengali, Spanish, Hindi, Tamil, Russian, Arabic, Persian, Dari, Pashto, Urdu, Albanian, Amharic, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Mandarin Chinese, French, Greek, Hausa, Indonesian, Kiswahili, Turkish, Macedonian, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Ukrainian |
| Picture format | 1080i (HDTV) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Federal Government of Germany[1] |
| Key people |
|
| History | |
| Launched | 3 May 1953 |
| Links | |
| Website | www |
| Availability | |
| Streaming media | |
| YouTube | DW News |
| Livestream | DW English |
Deutsche Welle (pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈvɛlə] ; "German Wave"), commonly shortened to DW (pronounced [deːˈveː]), is a German public, state-owned[1] international broadcaster funded by the German federal tax budget.[3] The service is available in 32 languages. DW's satellite television service consists of channels in German, English, Spanish, Tamil, Hindi, Persian, and Arabic.[4] The work of DW is regulated by the Deutsche Welle Act,[note 1][5] stating that content is intended to be independent of government influence. DW is a member of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU).[6]
DW offers regularly updated articles on its news website and runs its own centre for international media development, DW Akademie. The broadcaster's stated goals are to produce reliable news coverage, provide access to the German language, and promote understanding between peoples.[7] It is also a provider of live streaming world news which can be, like all DW programs, viewed and listened via its website, YouTube, Satellite, Re-broadcasting and various Apps and digital media players.
DW has been broadcasting since 1953. It is headquartered in Bonn, where its radio programmes are produced. However, television broadcasts are produced almost entirely in Berlin. Both locations create content for DW's news website. As of 2020, Deutsche Welle had 1,668 employees (annual average).[8] In total, over 4,000 distinct people of over 140 nationalities work in DW's offices in Bonn and Berlin, as well as at other locations worldwide.[9]
History
[edit]Precursor
[edit]A predecessor with a similar name was Deutsche Welle GmbH, founded in August 1924 by German diplomat and radio pioneer Ernst Ludwig Voss in Berlin and broadcast regularly from January 7, 1926. The station was initially owned by 70% by Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft and 30% by the Free State of Prussia. From 1931 onwards, Deutsche Welle broadcast from the Berlin Broadcasting House. On January 1, 1933, Deutsche Welle GmbH was officially transferred to Deutschlandsender GmbH.
The station sees itself in the tradition of the first German foreign broadcaster, the Weltrundfunksender (world broadcaster) of the Weimar Republic. The Weltrundfunksender was renamed to deutscher Kurzwellensender (German Shortwave Broadcaster) by the Nazis in 1933.
Beginnings
[edit]DW's first shortwave broadcast took place on 3 May 1953 with an address by the then-West German President, Theodor Heuss. On 11 June 1953, ARD public broadcasters signed an agreement to share responsibility for Deutsche Welle. At first, it was controlled by Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk (NWDR). In 1955, NWDR split into Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) and Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR), WDR assumed responsibility for Deutsche Welle programming.
Politically the creation of a German International broadcasting station was supported by CDU chancellor Konrad Adenauer. To prevent governmental indoctrination in Germany, broadcasting is a matter of the federal states. In a years-long dispute between the Adenauer and the federal states of Germany, the federal government was allowed to create Deutschlandfunk aiming GDR citizens and Deutsche Welle for an international audience. In 1959, Adenauer presented a bill to establish three federal broadcasting companies: Deutschlandfunk, Deutsche Welle and Deutschland-Fernsehen (Germany-TV). The Federal Constitutional Court stopped Adenauer's television plans. Radio, on the other hand, was permitted as a federal institution.[10]
In 1960, Deutsche Welle became an independent public body after a court ruled that while broadcasting to Germany was a state matter, broadcasting from Germany was part of the federal government's foreign affairs function.[11]
On 7 June 1962, DW joined ARD as a national broadcasting station.[12] Deutsche Welle was originally headquartered in the West German city of Cologne. After reunification, when much of the government relocated to Berlin, the station's headquarters moved to Bonn.
German reunification
[edit]With the German reunification in 1990, Radio Berlin International (RBI), East Germany's international broadcaster ceased to exist. Some of the RBI staff joined Deutsche Welle and DW inherited some broadcasting facilities, including transmitting facilities at Nauen, as well as RBI's frequencies.
DW (TV) began as RIAS-TV, a television station launched by the West Berlin broadcaster RIAS (Radio in the American Sector / Rundfunk im amerikanischen Sektor) in August 1988; they also acquired the German Educational Television Network in the United States. The fall of the Berlin Wall the following year and German reunification in 1990 meant that RIAS-TV was to be closed down. On 1 April 1992, Deutsche Welle inherited the RIAS-TV broadcast facilities, using them to start a German- and English-language television channel broadcast via satellite, DW (TV), adding a short Spanish broadcast segment the following year. In 1995, it began 24-hour operation (12 hours German, 10 hours English, 2 hours Spanish). At that time, DW (TV) introduced a new news studio and a new logo.
Deutsche Welle took some of the former independent radio broadcasting service Deutschlandfunk's foreign-language programming in 1993, when Deutschlandfunk was absorbed into the new Deutschlandradio.
In addition to radio and television programming, DW sponsored some published material. For example, the South-Asia Department published German Heritage: A Series Written for the South Asia Programme in 1967, and in 1984 published African Writers on the Air. Both publications were transcripts of DW programming.
Internet presence
[edit]In September 1994, Deutsche Welle was the first public broadcaster in Germany with an internet presence, initially www-dw.gmd.de, hosted by the GMD Information Technology Research Center. For its first two years, the site listed little more than contact addresses, although DW's News Journal was broadcast in RealAudio from Real's server beginning in 1995, and Süddeutsche Zeitung's initial web presence, which included news articles from the newspaper, shared the site. In 1996, it evolved into a news website using the URL dwelle.de; in 2001, the URL changed to www.dw-world.de, and was changed again in 2012, to www.dw.de. Deutsche Welle purchased the domain dw.com, which previously belonged to DiamondWare, in 2013; DW had attempted to claim ownership of the address in 2000, without success. DW eventually moved to the www.dw.com domain on 22 June 2015. According to DW, their website delivers information by topic with an intuitive navigation organized to meet users' expectations. The layout offers more flexibility to feature pictures, videos, and in-depth reporting on the day's events in a multimedia and multilingual fashion. They also integrated their Media Center into the dw.de website making it easier for users to access videos, audio, and picture galleries from DW's multimedia archive of reports, programs, and coverage of special issues.[13]
DW's news site is in seven core languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, German, Spanish, Portuguese for Brazil, and Russian), as well as a mixture of news and information in 23 other languages in which Deutsche Welle broadcasts. Persian became the site's eighth focus language in 2007.
German and European news is DW's central focus, but the site also offers background information about German and German language courses.[14] Deutsch, Warum Nicht? (literally: German, Why Not?) is a personal course for learning the German language, created by Deutsche Welle and the Goethe-Institut.[15]
In 2003, the German government passed a new "Deutsche Welle Act", which defined DW as a tri-media organization, making the Deutsche Welle website an equal partner with DW-TV and DW Radio. The website is available in 30 languages but focuses on German, English, Spanish, Russian, Brazilian Portuguese, Chinese, and Arabic. Persian became the eighth focus language in 2007.
In March 2009, DW-TV expanded its television services in Asia with two new channels, namely DW-TV Asia and DW-TV Asia+. DW-TV Asia (DW-TV Asien in German) contains 16 hours of German programming and 8 hours in English, whilst DW-TV Asia+ contains 18 hours of English programmes plus 6 hours of German programmes.[16]
In August 2009, DW-TV's carriage in the United Kingdom on Sky channel 794 ceased, although the channel continues to be available via other European satellites receivable in the UK.[17]
In 2011, DW announced a significant reduction of service including the closure of most of its FM services in the Balkans (except for Romani), but that it would expand its network of FM partners in Africa. The radio production for Hausa, Kiswahili, French, and Portuguese for Africa was optimized for FM broadcasts. DW also produces a regional radio magazine in English daily, which is to be rebroadcast by African partners.
Audio content in Arabic is distributed online, via mobile, or rebroadcast by partners.
DW announced it would focus on FM partnerships for Bengali, Urdu, Dari/Pashtu, and Indonesian for South Asia, India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
On 1 November 2011, DW discontinued shortwave broadcasts in German, Russian, Persian, and Indonesian and ended its English service outside Africa. Chinese programming was reduced from 120 minutes to 60 minutes a week. As of November 2011, DW only broadcast radio programming via shortwave in Amharic, Chinese, Dari, English, and French for Africa, Hausa, Kiswahili, Pashtu, Portuguese for Africa and Urdu.[18]
Rebranding television news
[edit]On 22 June 2015, DW TV launched a 24-hour English-language news channel with a new design and a new studio as part of a rebrand to DW News. Previously, DW's news programmes were called Journal and broadcast in English in 3-, 15- and 30-minute blocks. The new channel offers 30-minute updates every hour and 60-minute programmes twice a day on weekdays. DW News broadcasts from Berlin but frequently has live social media segments hosted from a specially designed studio in Bonn. The German, Spanish, and Arabic channels also received a new design.
At the same time, DW's news website moved from a .de URL to .com and added a social media stream to its front page. The refreshed DW services were launched under the tagline 'Made for Minds'.
Plans for the future
[edit]Deutsche Welle has developed a two-tier approach that they are using for the future growth of their company which consists of a global approach and a regional approach. Within their global approach, DW has now made plans to boost its competitiveness market throughout the world with news and television coverage. The plan implements covering almost all regions of the world with two television channels in each region. With some exclusions, the entire world will be covered. Hours covered range throughout regions and the coverage will be in German, English, Spanish, and Arabic.[19]
The regional approach looks at marketing over the Internet to offer news coverage in languages other than the 4 being offered. With updates on DW's website news will be better tailored to each region. Over time, they plan to diversify their online coverage with more regional content being covered.[19]
The budget of the Deutsche Welle for 2016 was 301.8 million euros.[20]
On 25 February 2018, DW-TV published "The Climate Cover Up – Big Oil's Campaign of Deception" (2018)[21] after documents confirmed big oil companies have known[22] the burning of fossil fuels impacts climate since 1957.[23]
Funding
[edit]Deutsche Welle is funded from federal grants taken from the federal tax revenue.[24]
Since the reorganisation of broadcasting as a result of German reunification, Deutsche Welle has been the only remaining broadcasting corporation under federal law. In contrast to the national public broadcasters, which are financed by the license fee the ARD state broadcasters, Deutschlandradio and ZDF, it is not financed through the broadcasting fee, but from federal taxes. The Ministry for Culture and Media is responsible for the financing, which in turn allows the DW to offer a broadcast with low to nonexistent advertising time.
Censorship
[edit]On 10 April 2019, DW announced that Venezuela's state telecoms regulator Conatel had halted its Spanish-language channel. By 15 April, the broadcasting service was restored.[25]
In 2019, the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs accused DW of calling on Russians to take part in recent anti-government protests and threatened it would take action against the outlet under domestic law if it made such calls again.[26] Shortly after, Russia's parliament accused DW of breaking election legislation and asked the foreign ministry to consider revoking the German broadcaster's right to work in the country.[27] By November, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov declared he did not support banning foreign media outlets.[27]
On 3 February 2022, in retaliation to Germany's broadcasting regulator's decision to ban the transmission of the Russian state-run RT Deutsch channel over a lack of a broadcasting license, the Russian foreign ministry said that it would shut down DW's Moscow bureau, strip all DW staff of their accreditation and terminate broadcasting of DW in Russia. It also stated that it would begin the procedure of designating DW as a "foreign agent".[28]
The Moscow office of Deutsche Welle was informed that it would be shut at 9:00 on Friday, 4 February 2022.[29] DW made plans to relocate Moscow operations to the Latvian capital, Riga.[30]
In March 2022, a Belarusian court recognized the Telegram channel “DW Belarus” and the Deutsche Welle logo as extremist materials.[31] In April 2024, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus labeled DW Belarus as an extremist group.[32]
On 30 June 2022, DW was banned in Turkey upon the request of Radio and Television Supreme Council (RTÜK). RTÜK ordered DW in February 2022 to pay the license fee or to terminate their service in Turkey.[33]
In October 2022, Iran sanctioned DW Farsi for coverage of 2022 Iranian protests. Iran's Foreign Ministry announced the sanctions in a statement, accusing those listed of "supporting terrorism."[34][35]
Logos
[edit]-
First logo (1953) -
Second logo (1992–1995), introduced following the start of Deutsche Welle TV in 1992 -
Third logo (1995–2003) -
Fourth logo (2003-2012) -
Fifth and current logo (2012–present)
.svg)
.svg)
Broadcast languages
[edit]| Language | Began | Ceased | Linear broadcast[36] |
|---|---|---|---|
| German | 1953[37] | Ceased 1 January 2024[38] | |
| English * | 1954[37] | Radio (also football) & TV | |
| French * | Radio (also football) | ||
| Spanish | Radio (football) & TV | ||
| Portuguese | Radio (also football) | ||
| Arabic | 1959[39] | Radio (Iraq, Sudan [40] and football) & TV | |
| Persian | 1962[41] | ||
| Turkish | |||
| Russian | TV | ||
| Polish * | |||
| Czech * | 2000[42] | ||
| Slovak * | 2000[42] | ||
| Hungarian * | 2000-2021[42] | ||
| Serbo-Croatian * | 1992[43] | ||
| Swahili | 1963[41] | Radio (also football) | |
| Hausa | Radio (also football) | ||
| Indonesian (Malay) | |||
| Bulgarian | |||
| Romanian * | |||
| Slovene | 2000 | ||
| Modern Greek | 1964[41] | Radio | |
| Hindi | |||
| Bengali | |||
| Urdu | |||
| Italian * | 1998[44] | ||
| Chinese | 1965[45] | ||
| Amharic | Radio | ||
| Sanskrit | 1966 | 1998 | |
| Japanese | 1969[45] | 2000[42] | |
| Macedonian | |||
| Pashto | 1970[46] | ||
| Dari | |||
| Serbian | 1992[43] | ||
| Croatian | |||
| Albanian | |||
| Bosnian | 1997[44] | ||
| Danish * | 1965 | 1998[44] | |
| Norwegian * | |||
| Swedish * | |||
| Dutch * | 1967 | ||
| Ukrainian | 2000[42] | ||
| Belarusian | 2005[47] | 2011–2020 | |
| Tamil | 2021 |
* partly by Deutschlandfunk (until 1993)
Broadcasting
[edit]The main distribution of DW programs is by Satellite transmissions, Internet Stream and re-broadcasting by local FM-radio stations. Historically shortwave broadcastswere the main distribution chanel of international broadcsters. so Deutsche Welle.
For parts of Africa, where DW believes many people can still be reached via radio, DW broadcasts programs via shortwave.
The TV program is distributed via various satellite channels and fed into cable networks. It is also available as a live stream on the DW website and in the ARD media library. Since 2019, DW has been providing its websites as an onion service via the Tor network in order to circumvent censorship measures by non-democratic states.
Deutsche Welle was heavily involved in technological resarch initiatives in order to adapt shortwave transmission to today's standards through the use of digital technology. DW favored the technology of the Digital Radio Mondiale consortium. In 2008 she started the BBC & DW project with the British BBC. However, this was soon discontinued due to a lack of success on the listener side.
Shortwave relay stations
[edit]In the so called "Golden area" of shortwave radio at the time of the cold war, DW had a number of shortwave relay stations in South-East Asia, Africa and Europe.
- Trincomalee, Sri Lanka (1984 to 2013) sold to Sri Lanka Broadcasting Cooperation
- 3 × 250 kW shortwave transmitters
- 1 × 400 kW mediumwave transmitter
- 20 antennas (to be verified)
- Kigali, Rwanda: A relay station in Kigali, Rwanda, was inaugurated on 30 August 1963, and provided coverage for Africa.[48] This relay station closed 28 March 2015.
- 4 × 250 kW shortwave transmitters
- Sines, Portugal closed on 30 October 2011 and was due to be dismantled after a few months.
- 3 × 250 kW shortwave transmitters
- Radio Antilles, Montserrat[49][50]
DW used a relay station in Malta that had three SW and one 600 kW-MW transmitter and gave partial coverage of the Americas, Southern Asia and the Far East.[51] It was inaugurated on 29 July 1974 in exchange for a grant of almost 1 million GBP. The station closed in January 1996.
Formerly, DW shared a transmitting station on Antigua in the Caribbean with the BBC.[52] It was inaugurated on 1 November 1976 and closed on 31 March 2005. It had a relay-exchange with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation that allowed DW to use two 250 kW transmitters in Sackville, New Brunswick until that facility closed down in 2012.[53]
In July 2011 Deutsche Welle began implementing a major reform. The main changes have been a radical reduction of shortwave radio broadcasting—from a daily total of 260 to 55 hours—and an expansion of television broadcasting.[19]
Relay stations leasing transmitter time to DW
[edit]In 2013, DW leased time on the following relay stations:[54]
- Woofferton, United Kingdom (BBC World Service)
- Kranji, Singapore (BBC Far Eastern Relay Station)
- Dhabayya, United Arab Emirates (United Emirates Radio)
- Nakhon Sawan, Thailand (BBC East Asian Relay Station)
- Ascension Island (BBC Atlantic Relay Station)
- Meyerton, South Africa (Sentech)
Personnel
[edit]Directors-General
[edit] | This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2022) |
_(cropped).jpg)
- 12 October 1960 – 29 February 1969: Hans Otto Wesemann
- 1 March 1969 – 29 February 1982: Walter Steigner
- 1 March 1982 – 8 December 1984: Conrad Ahlers
- 8 December 1984 – 30 June 1986: Heinz Fellhauer (interim)
- 1 July 1986 – 30 June 1987: Klaus Schütz
- 1 July 1987 – 30 June 1990: Heinz Fellhauer
- 1 July 1990 – 31 March 2002: Dieter Weirich
- 1 April 2002 – 30 September 2002: Reinhard Hartstein (interim as deputy intendant)
- 1 October 2001 – 30 September 2013: Erik Bettermann[55]
- 1 October 2016 – present: Peter Limbourg[56]
Presenters
[edit]DW Akademie
[edit]DW Akademie is Deutsche Welle's international center for media development, media consulting and journalism training. It offers training and consulting services to partners around the world. It works with broadcasters, media organizations, and universities especially in developing and transitioning countries to promote free and independent media. The work is funded mainly by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development.[60] Additional sponsors are the German Foreign Office and the European Union.
DW Akademie's journalism traineeship is an 18-month program for young journalists that provides editorial training in the three areas in which Deutsche Welle produces content: radio, television and online. It is aimed at aspiring journalists from Germany as well as from regions to which Deutsche Welle broadcasts.[61]
The "International Media Studies" Master's Program, offered in cooperation with the University of Bonn and the University Bonn-Rhein-Sieg of Applied Sciences, is based at DW Akademie. The four-semester program combines the disciplines of media development, media regulation, and communications. The seminars are held in English and German and the degree is aimed at media representatives from developing and transitioning countries.
Carsten von Nahmen became head of DW Akademie in September 2018. He had been DW's senior correspondent in Washington since February 2017 and prior to this, deputy editor-in-chief and head of DW's main news department since 2014. Christian Gramsch was director of DW Akademie from November 2013 until May 2018, and prior to this DW's regional director for multimedia. He succeeded DW Akademie director Gerda Meuer, who had previously been deputy editor-in-chief of Deutsche Welle's radio program, and had earlier worked for various media outlets and as a correspondent for Inter News service. Ute Schaeffer has been DW Akademie's deputy head since 2014 and was previously Deutsche Welle's editor-in-chief.[62]
Learn German section
[edit] |
Deutsche Welle's website has a section dedicated to providing material for those who are interested in learning the German language of all levels based on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. They offer free video and audio courses with access to exercises and transcripts. Users can also search for suitable courses and test which level they are at.[63] Among the material available in their site, they offer free access to an animated series called "Harry Lost in Time" (Harry gefangen in der Zeit), for beginners.[64] Through Flash animation, the series tells the story of a fictional character named Harry Walkott, a man who is struck by lightning in the Black Forest during his vacation in Germany and, because of this, becomes stuck in time, with the same day repeating over and over. With an English narration, the series introduces German expressions, words and grammar explanations, and also provides exercises to the user.
Antisemitism controversies
[edit]Reporting from The Guardian in January 2020 raised allegations of "sexual harassment, racism, antisemitism, and severe bullying" within the organization.[65]
On 5 December 2021, Deutsche Welle announced that it would suspend its partnership with a Jordanian partner, Roya TV, on account of antisemitic content published on Roya's social media.[66] Guido Baumhauer, a senior executive with DW, apologized, saying: "We are truly sorry that we did not notice these disgusting images."[66] Roya TV rejected the accusation and said it was the target of "hostile campaign" by unnamed parties.[67]
In November 2021, Süddeutsche Zeitung published an investigation into social media comments allegedly made by members of DW's Arabic service, including posts that appeared to downplay the Holocaust or perpetuate anti-Jewish stereotypes.[68][69] On 3 December 2021, DW announced that it was suspending four employees and one freelancer during an external investigation, to be led by former German Justice Minister Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger and psychologist Ahmad Mansour, into the allegations.[66][68] On 7 February, this investigation concluded that DW was correct to suspend these five employees, and recommended further action against eight other employees; it also recommended ending cooperation agreements with some Middle East-based news outlets, but concluded that there was no "structural antisemitism" at DW.[69] Following the report, DW terminated the contracts of several other employees, including the former bureau chief in Beirut, who advocated the execution of "[a]nyone who has to do with the Israelis"; an employee who claimed that Israel controls people's brains "through art, media and music"; and a third journalist had posted "the Holocaust is a lie."[70][71] Several of those fired stated that they had not been given a chance to defend their case, criticized DW's lack of clarity regarding guidelines for what constituted antisemitism, and said they felt they were being censored in what they could write about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.[72][70]
In September 2022, Farah Maraqa, one of seven Arab employees of DW fired[72] in February, subsequently sued DW and won her case. The court ruled that her dismissal on charges of anti-Semitism was "legally unjustified". A former colleague, Maram Salem, won her case in July against DW for unlawful termination, ruling that her Facebook posts were not anti-Semitic.[73]
Also in September 2022, Deutsche Welle updated its Code of Conduct to include "Germany's historical responsibility for the Holocaust is also a reason for which we support the right of Israel to exist" among their values and noted antisemitism is grounds for dismissal.[74] The updated code of conduct is thought to improve Deutsche Welle's chances of successfully terminating antisemitic employees in the future.[75]
In August 2023, The New Arab published the results of a year long internal investigation by the pro-Palestinian activist publication Arab48 which opined that Arab employees were unfairly dismissed over largely spurious antisemitism charges.[76][77]
Upcoming channels
[edit]- DW Amharic
- DW Comedy
- DW Concert TV
- DW Earth
- DW Francais
- DW Hausa
- DW Hindi
- DW Live+
- DW Mandarin
- DW N24
- DW Nederlands
- DW News APAC
- DW News Europe
- DW Portuguese
- DW Sport
- DW Style
- DW Tamil
- DW Travel Channel
- DW-TV Plus
- DW Urdu
See also
[edit]
- BBC
- Euronews
- Karin Helmstaedt – DW presenter for the Euromaxx culture and lifestyle show
- Max Hofmann – Brussels Bureau Chief for DW in Belgium
- Television in Germany
- List of world news channels
Notes
[edit]- ^ Gesetz über die Rundfunkanstalt des Bundesrechts "Deutsche Welle"
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ a b Johnson, Ian (21 August 2014). "German Broadcaster Fires Chinese Blogger". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
Deutsche Welle is owned by the government, much like the British Broadcasting Corporation or the Voice of America.
- ^ "Who finances Deutsche Welle?". DW.COM. 18 November 2021. Archived from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
- ^ "What kind of company is Deutsche Welle?". dw.com. 25 June 2015. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
- ^ "About DW". dw.com. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
- ^ "Deutsche Welle Act". Deutsche Welle. 18 January 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
- ^ European Broadcasting Union (EBU) (28 February 2019). "Members". ebu.ch. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
- ^ "Profile DW". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
- ^ "Jahresabschluss zum Geschäftsjahr vom 01.01.2020 bis zum 31.12.2020" [Annual financial statement for the business year 01.01.2020 to 31.12.2020] (in German). Bundesanzeiger (published 30 March 2022). 7 May 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
- ^ "About DW". DW.COM. Archived from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
- ^ deutschlandfunk.de (1 January 2012). "Senden aus dem Provisorium". Deutschlandfunk (in German). Retrieved 31 October 2024.
- ^ Sjurts, I. (2010). Gabler Kompakt-Lexikon Medien: 1.000 Begriffe nachschlagen, verstehen und anwenden (in German). Gabler Verlag. p. 43. ISBN 978-3-8349-9180-5. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
- ^ "Ausarbeitung: Vergleich der Sender CNN, Deutsche Welle, BBC and CCTV" [Elaboration: Comparison of the channels CNN, Deutsche Welle, BBC and CCTV] (PDF). Bundestag (in German). 24 February 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 August 2017.
- ^ "DW introduces new website and TV program". dw.com. 5 February 2012. Archived from the original on 1 June 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
- ^ "Learn German". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 5 August 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
- ^ Deutsch, Warum Nicht? Archived 21 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
- ^ Two New Dedicated Channels Provide Gateway to Europe: Two DW-TV channel launched in Asia Archived 9 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine Deutsche Welle.
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{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Alhindi, Rabeea Eid, Rashad (25 August 2023). "Pro-Israel bias shaped DW's antisemitism probe - pt2". The new Arab. Archived from the original on 25 August 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Sources
[edit]- McPhail, Thomas L. Global Communication: Theories, Stakeholders, and Trends. 2006, Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 1-4051-3427-5.
- Wallis, Roger, and Stanley J. Baran. The Known World of Broadcast News: International News and the Electronic Media. 1990, Routledge. ISBN 0-415-03604-6.
- Wood, James. History of International Broadcasting. 2000, Institution of Engineering and Technology. ISBN 0-85296-920-1.
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