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{{Short description|South African anti-apartheid activist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Zanab Ebrahim Asvat
| name = Zanab Ebrahim Asvat
| birth_date = 1920
| birth_date = 1920
| death_date = 30 November 2013 (umur 93)
| death_date = 30 November 2013 (umur 93)
| spouse = Abdool Pateel<ref>{{cite web|last=Reddy|first=E.S|date=29 March 2020|title=Biographical notes on Indians in South Africa compiled by E.S. Reddy {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/biographical-notes-indians-south-africa-compiled-es-reddy|access-date=2020-07-11|website=www.sahistory.org.za}}</ref>
| spouse = Abdool Pateel<ref name="Reddy">{{cite web|last=Reddy|first=E.S|date=29 March 2020|title=Biographical notes on Indians in South Africa compiled by E.S. Reddy {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/biographical-notes-indians-south-africa-compiled-es-reddy|access-date=2020-07-11|website=www.sahistory.org.za}}</ref>


Dr. Aziz Kazi
Dr. Aziz Kazi
Line 9: Line 11:
| alma_mater = [[Witwatersrand University]]
| alma_mater = [[Witwatersrand University]]
}}
}}
'''Dr. Zainab Asvat''' (born c. 1920 - 30 November 2013) was a [[South Africa|South African]] anti-[[apartheid]] activist. Asvat was trained as a medical doctor, but was politically active most of her life.
'''Dr. Zainab Asvat''' (born c. 1920 - 30 November 2013) was a South African anti-[[apartheid]] activist. Asvat was trained as a medical doctor, but was politically active most of her life.


Asvat was the first [[Muslim]] woman to become a doctor in [[South Africa]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|date=January 2014|title=Zainab Asvat, Doctor for the People, Passes On|url=https://issuu.com/muslimviews/docs/mv_2801_jan_2014/25|journal=Muslim Views|volume=28|issue=1|pages=25|via=Issuu}}</ref> Her husband, Dr.Zain Kazi is a doctor and secretary of [[South African Indian Congress|Transvaal Indian Congress]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Reddy|first=E.S|date=29 March 2020|title=Biographical notes on Indians in South Africa compiled by E.S. Reddy {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/biographical-notes-indians-south-africa-compiled-es-reddy|access-date=2020-07-11|website=www.sahistory.org.za}}</ref>
Asvat was the first [[Muslim]] woman to become a doctor in [[South Africa]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|date=January 2014|title=Zainab Asvat, Doctor for the People, Passes On|url=https://issuu.com/muslimviews/docs/mv_2801_jan_2014/25|journal=Muslim Views|volume=28|issue=1|pages=25|via=Issuu}}</ref> Her husband, Dr.Zain Kazi is a doctor and secretary of [[South African Indian Congress|Transvaal Indian Congress]]<ref name="Reddy">{{cite web|last=Reddy|first=E.S|date=29 March 2020|title=Biographical notes on Indians in South Africa compiled by E.S. Reddy {{!}} South African History Online|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/biographical-notes-indians-south-africa-compiled-es-reddy|access-date=2020-07-11|website=www.sahistory.org.za}}</ref>


== Early life and education ==
== Early life and education ==
Asvat was one of eleven children of Ebrahim and Fatima Asvat.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.polity.org.za/article/when-hope-and-history-rhyme-amina-cachalias-autobiography-2013-03-27|title=When Hope and History Rhyme – Amina Cachalia's autobiography|work=Polity|access-date=2017-11-15}}</ref> Asvat's father took his daughter to political meetings when she was a girl and this helped her become politically active early on.She was a first Muslim girl to attend high school in the [[Transvaal Colony|Transvaal]] In the 1940s. She studied medicine at the [[University of the Witwatersrand|University of Witwatersrand]] after being influenced by [[Yusuf Dadoo]] who returned from his medical studies in [[Edinburgh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2011-02-17|title=Zainab Asvat|work=South African History Online|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/zainab-asvat|access-date=2017-11-15}}</ref>
Asvat was one of eleven children of Ebrahim and Fatima Asvat.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.polity.org.za/article/when-hope-and-history-rhyme-amina-cachalias-autobiography-2013-03-27|title=When Hope and History Rhyme – Amina Cachalia's autobiography|work=Polity|access-date=2017-11-15}}</ref> Asvat's father took his daughter to political meetings when she was a girl and this helped her become politically active early on. She was the first Muslim girl to attend high school in the [[Transvaal Colony|Transvaal]] In the 1940s. She studied medicine at the [[University of the Witwatersrand|University of Witwatersrand]] after being influenced by [[Yusuf Dadoo]] who returned from his medical studies in [[Edinburgh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2011-02-17|title=Zainab Asvat|work=South African History Online|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/zainab-asvat|access-date=2017-11-15}}</ref>


==Career==
==Career==
In 1946, the South African government passed the [[Asiatic Land Tenure and Indian Representation Act, 1946|Asiatic Land Tenure and Indian Representation Act No. 28]], which was also called the "Ghetto Act." This law made it illegal for Indian citizens of South Africa to own land except in "exempted areas."<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Hassim|first=Shireen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9aTsUA-9qXMC&q=%22zainab+asvat%22&pg=PA24|title=Women's Organizations and Democracy in South Africa: Contesting Authority|date=2006-06-26|publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press|isbn=9780299213831|pages=24–25|language=en|author-link=Shireen Hassim}}</ref> Asvat took a year off of her third year of school, in 1946 to travel to [[Durban]] where she was a part of the Passive Resistance Campaign.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=http://0-www.lexisnexis.com.lib.utep.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/|title=An Iconic Stalwart and a Mother to All|last=Aboobaker|first=Shanti|date=3 February 2013|work=The Sunday Independent|access-date=15 November 2017|url-access=subscription |via=LexisNexis}}</ref> During the campaign, resisters set up tents at the corner of Umbilo Road and Gale Street in Durban on 13 June 1946. The group was consist of eighteen participators, six of whom were women: Zainab Asvat, Zohra Bhayat, Amina Pahad, Zubeida Patel of Johannesburg, Lakshmi Govender, Veeramah Pather of Durban. The leaders of this resistance were [[Monty Naicker]], President of the [[Natal Indian Congress]] (NIC) and [[M.D Naidoo]], Secretary of the NIC. Her sister, [[Amina Cachalia]] came with her school friends came to cheer and sing for the group. On 16 June 1946, their tents were destroyed, stolen and Asvat was injured when a tent fell on her.<ref name=":0" /> Five people were beaten unconscious by the assault. Zainab made a fiery speech and said "Hooligans or no hooligans, carry on we must, and carry on we shall". The assault increased support for the resistance and thousands of people come to the tent to show their solidarity.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|last=Vahed G|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/muslim_portraits_goolam_vahed_0.pdf|title=Muslim portraits : the anti-apartheid struggle|publisher=Madiba Publishers|year=2014|isbn=978-1-874945-25-3|location=Durban, South Africa|pages=40–41|oclc=858966865}}</ref>She was arrested briefly on the 28th, but released by the night.<ref name=":0" /> This arrest had an influence on Asvat's younger sister, [[Amina Cachalia]], who later also became an anti-apartheid activist.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Aboobaker|first=Shanti|date=3 February 2013|title=An iconic stalwart and a mother to all|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/an-iconic-stalwart-and-a-mother-to-all-1463230|access-date=2020-07-12|website=www.iol.co.za|language=en}}</ref> The day after the arrest, Asvat addressed a gathering of 800 women in the Avalon Cinema, inspiring the group to continue to resist.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Devi|first=Rajab|date=27 October 2017|title=From pots to politics: SA Indian women in the Struggle|url=https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/news/from-pots-to-politics-sa-indian-women-in-the-struggle-11704034|access-date=2020-07-12|website=www.iol.co.za|language=en}}</ref> In July, she was arrested with other resisters and was sent to prison until early October.<ref name=":0" />
In 1946, the South African government passed the [[Asiatic Land Tenure and Indian Representation Act, 1946|Asiatic Land Tenure and Indian Representation Act No. 28]], which was also called the "Ghetto Act." This law made it illegal for Indian citizens of South Africa to own land except in "exempted areas."<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Hassim|first=Shireen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9aTsUA-9qXMC&q=%22zainab+asvat%22&pg=PA24|title=Women's Organizations and Democracy in South Africa: Contesting Authority|date=2006-06-26|publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press|isbn=9780299213831|pages=24–25|language=en|author-link=Shireen Hassim}}</ref> Asvat took a year off of her third year of school, in 1946 to travel to [[Durban]] where she was a part of the Passive Resistance Campaign.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=http://0-www.lexisnexis.com.lib.utep.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/|title=An Iconic Stalwart and a Mother to All|last=Aboobaker|first=Shanti|date=3 February 2013|work=The Sunday Independent|access-date=15 November 2017|url-access=subscription |via=LexisNexis}}</ref> During the campaign, resisters set up tents at the corner of Umbilo Road and Gale Street in Durban on 13 June 1946. The group was consist of eighteen participators, six of whom were women: Zainab Asvat, Zohra Bhayat, [[Amina Pahad]], Zubeida Patel of Johannesburg, Lakshmi Govender, Veeramah Pather of Durban. The leaders of this resistance were [[Monty Naicker]], President of the [[Natal Indian Congress]] (NIC) and [[M.D Naidoo]], Secretary of the NIC. Her sister, [[Amina Cachalia]] came with her school friends came to cheer and sing for the group. On 16 June 1946, their tents were destroyed, stolen and Asvat was injured when a tent fell on her.<ref name=":0" /> Five people were beaten unconscious by the assault. Zainab made a fiery speech and said "Hooligans or no hooligans, carry on we must, and carry on we shall". The assault increased support for the resistance and thousands of people come to the tent to show their solidarity.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|last=Vahed G|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/muslim_portraits_goolam_vahed_0.pdf|title=Muslim portraits : the anti-apartheid struggle|publisher=Madiba Publishers|year=2014|isbn=978-1-874945-25-3|location=Durban, South Africa|pages=40–41|oclc=858966865}}</ref> She was arrested briefly on the 28th, but released by the night.<ref name=":0" /> This arrest had an influence on Asvat's younger sister, [[Amina Cachalia]], who later also became an anti-apartheid activist.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Aboobaker|first=Shanti|date=3 February 2013|title=An iconic stalwart and a mother to all|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/an-iconic-stalwart-and-a-mother-to-all-1463230|access-date=2020-07-12|website=www.iol.co.za|language=en}}</ref> The day after the arrest, Asvat addressed a gathering of 800 women in the Avalon Cinema, inspiring the group to continue to resist.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Devi|first=Rajab|date=27 October 2017|title=From pots to politics: SA Indian women in the Struggle|url=https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/news/from-pots-to-politics-sa-indian-women-in-the-struggle-11704034|access-date=2020-07-12|website=www.iol.co.za|language=en}}</ref> In July, she was arrested with other resisters and was sent to prison until early October.<ref name=":0" />


After she was released from prison, Asvat, PK Naidoo and [[Suriakala Patel]] elected to the TIC committee and became one of the first women ever elected onto the TIC Committee. Asvat then returned to medical school and it wasn't until the 1956 that she became active again politically.<ref name=":0" /> Asvat, like many Indian women, joined the [[Federation of South African Women]] in order to fight apartheid in the 1950s.<ref name=":1" /> She organized a "network of support" for the families of the 156 activists who were arrested in December 1956. Asvat also provided meals for the accused activists during their trials.<ref name=":5" />
After she was released from prison, Asvat, PK Naidoo and [[Suriakala Patel]] elected to the TIC committee and became one of the first women ever elected onto the TIC Committee. Asvat then returned to medical school and it wasn't until the 1956 that she became active again politically.<ref name=":0" /> Asvat, like many Indian women, joined the [[Federation of South African Women]] in order to fight apartheid in the 1950s.<ref name=":1" /> She organized a "network of support" for the families of the 156 activists who were arrested in December 1956. Asvat also provided meals for the accused activists during their trials.<ref name=":5" />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Asvat, Zainab}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Asvat, Zainab}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1920s births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:University of the Witwatersrand alumni]]
[[Category:University of the Witwatersrand alumni]]
[[Category:South African Muslims]]
[[Category:South African women physicians]]
[[Category:South African women physicians]]
[[Category:South African activists]]
[[Category:South African physicians]]
[[Category:South African people of Gujarati descent]]
[[Category:South African people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:South African women activists]]
[[Category:South African women activists]]
[[Category:South African Muslim activists]]
[[Category:Muslim South African anti-apartheid activists]]
[[Category:South African anti-apartheid activists]]

Latest revision as of 02:33, 24 September 2024

Zanab Ebrahim Asvat
Personal details
Born1920
Died30 November 2013 (umur 93)
SpouseAbdool Pateel[1]

Dr. Aziz Kazi

(1950)
Alma materWitwatersrand University

Dr. Zainab Asvat (born c. 1920 - 30 November 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid activist. Asvat was trained as a medical doctor, but was politically active most of her life.

Asvat was the first Muslim woman to become a doctor in South Africa.[2] Her husband, Dr.Zain Kazi is a doctor and secretary of Transvaal Indian Congress[1]

Early life and education

[edit]

Asvat was one of eleven children of Ebrahim and Fatima Asvat.[3] Asvat's father took his daughter to political meetings when she was a girl and this helped her become politically active early on. She was the first Muslim girl to attend high school in the Transvaal In the 1940s. She studied medicine at the University of Witwatersrand after being influenced by Yusuf Dadoo who returned from his medical studies in Edinburgh.[4]

Career

[edit]

In 1946, the South African government passed the Asiatic Land Tenure and Indian Representation Act No. 28, which was also called the "Ghetto Act." This law made it illegal for Indian citizens of South Africa to own land except in "exempted areas."[5] Asvat took a year off of her third year of school, in 1946 to travel to Durban where she was a part of the Passive Resistance Campaign.[4][6] During the campaign, resisters set up tents at the corner of Umbilo Road and Gale Street in Durban on 13 June 1946. The group was consist of eighteen participators, six of whom were women: Zainab Asvat, Zohra Bhayat, Amina Pahad, Zubeida Patel of Johannesburg, Lakshmi Govender, Veeramah Pather of Durban. The leaders of this resistance were Monty Naicker, President of the Natal Indian Congress (NIC) and M.D Naidoo, Secretary of the NIC. Her sister, Amina Cachalia came with her school friends came to cheer and sing for the group. On 16 June 1946, their tents were destroyed, stolen and Asvat was injured when a tent fell on her.[4] Five people were beaten unconscious by the assault. Zainab made a fiery speech and said "Hooligans or no hooligans, carry on we must, and carry on we shall". The assault increased support for the resistance and thousands of people come to the tent to show their solidarity.[7] She was arrested briefly on the 28th, but released by the night.[4] This arrest had an influence on Asvat's younger sister, Amina Cachalia, who later also became an anti-apartheid activist.[8] The day after the arrest, Asvat addressed a gathering of 800 women in the Avalon Cinema, inspiring the group to continue to resist.[9] In July, she was arrested with other resisters and was sent to prison until early October.[4]

After she was released from prison, Asvat, PK Naidoo and Suriakala Patel elected to the TIC committee and became one of the first women ever elected onto the TIC Committee. Asvat then returned to medical school and it wasn't until the 1956 that she became active again politically.[4] Asvat, like many Indian women, joined the Federation of South African Women in order to fight apartheid in the 1950s.[5] She organized a "network of support" for the families of the 156 activists who were arrested in December 1956. Asvat also provided meals for the accused activists during their trials.[7]

In December 1963, Asvat organized a Women's March to the Union Buildings, where she and other activists protested against group area relocations and National Council for Indian. The police set their dogs on the marchers and charged them with batons.[7] In 1964, she was banned from South Africa for five years. She then found out that she would be subject to another five-year ban. Asvat and her husband, Dr. Aziz Kazi, received exit permits and moved to London, seeking political asylum.[10]

Later life and death

[edit]

In 2008, her role in opposing apartheid was part of a photographic exhibition called "Our Triumphs and Our Tears," which included portraits by Gisële Wulfsohn and was displayed at the Slave Lodge Cape Town.[11]

Asvat died in London on 30 November 2013.[2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Reddy, E.S (29 March 2020). "Biographical notes on Indians in South Africa compiled by E.S. Reddy | South African History Online". www.sahistory.org.za. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Zainab Asvat, Doctor for the People, Passes On". Muslim Views. 28 (1): 25. January 2014 – via Issuu.
  3. ^ "When Hope and History Rhyme – Amina Cachalia's autobiography". Polity. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Zainab Asvat". South African History Online. 17 February 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
  5. ^ a b Hassim, Shireen (26 June 2006). Women's Organizations and Democracy in South Africa: Contesting Authority. Univ of Wisconsin Press. pp. 24–25. ISBN 9780299213831.
  6. ^ Aboobaker, Shanti (3 February 2013). "An Iconic Stalwart and a Mother to All". The Sunday Independent. Retrieved 15 November 2017 – via LexisNexis.
  7. ^ a b c Vahed G (2014). Muslim portraits : the anti-apartheid struggle (PDF). Durban, South Africa: Madiba Publishers. pp. 40–41. ISBN 978-1-874945-25-3. OCLC 858966865.
  8. ^ Aboobaker, Shanti (3 February 2013). "An iconic stalwart and a mother to all". www.iol.co.za. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  9. ^ Devi, Rajab (27 October 2017). "From pots to politics: SA Indian women in the Struggle". www.iol.co.za. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  10. ^ Barmania, Noorjehan (19 June 2008). "Noorjehan Barmania: This Muslim life". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
  11. ^ "Women's Role in Struggle Highlighted". Cape Argus. 14 June 2008. Retrieved 15 November 2017 – via LexisNexis.
[edit]
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