Climate of Barcelona: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --> |
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{{Cleanup bare URLs|date=August 2022}} |
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{{climate chart |
{{climate chart |
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| [[Barcelona]] (Can Bruixa, Barcelona city) |
| [[Barcelona]] (Can Bruixa, Barcelona city) |
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| 9.5 | 15.1 | 46.8 |
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|source=[[World Meteorological Organization|WMO]]<ref name="WMO">{{cite web |url=http://www.worldweather.org/083/c01232.htm |title=Weather Information for Barcelona |publisher=World Weather Information Service | |
|source=[[World Meteorological Organization|WMO]]<ref name="WMO">{{cite web |url=http://www.worldweather.org/083/c01232.htm |title=Weather Information for Barcelona |publisher=World Weather Information Service |access-date=2010-08-02}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=February 2017}} }} |
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{{climate chart |
{{climate chart |
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| [[Barcelona Airport]], [[El Prat de Llobregat]] ({{convert|15|km|mi|}}) from the city centre |
| [[Barcelona Airport]], [[El Prat de Llobregat]] ({{convert|15|km|mi|}}) from the city centre |
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| 4.7 | 13.6 | 37 |
| 4.7 | 13.6 | 37 |
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| 5.4 | 14.3 | 35 |
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[[File:Barcelona climate-chart.png|thumb|Barcelona climate chart]] |
[[File:Barcelona climate-chart.png|thumb|Barcelona climate chart]] |
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[[Barcelona]] has a |
[[Barcelona]] has a [[Mediterranean climate]] (''Csa)'' according to [[Köppen climate classification|Köppen-Geiger classification]], a ''warm-temperate subtropical'' climate (''Warmgemäßigt-subtropisches Zonenklima'') according to Troll-Paffen climate classification,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climatic map by Istituto Geografico De Agostini according to Troll-Paffen climate classification |url=http://web.tiscali.it/linnets/Troll-Paffen.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004052732/http://web.tiscali.it/linnets/Troll-Paffen.jpg |archive-date=2012-10-04 |website=web.tiscali.it}}</ref> and a subtropical climate according to Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification.<ref>[http://www.ph-heidelberg.de/geographie/forschung-und-entwicklung/klimakarte-der-erde.html ''Die Klimatypen der Erde''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114174500/https://www.ph-heidelberg.de/geographie/forschung-und-entwicklung/klimakarte-der-erde.html |date=2021-11-14 }} - Pädagogische Hochschule in [[Heidelberg]]</ref> |
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The city lays on the eastern coast of the [[Iberian Peninsula]], a [[leeward]] location relative to [[westerlies]], so [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] [[storms]] usually produce [[rainshadow|little or no rain at all]]. However, a phenomenon called "rebuf" ([[slipstream]] effect) in local literature,<ref>https://beteve.cat/medi-ambient/rebuf-plou-a-barcelona/</ref><ref>https://beteve.cat/medi-ambient/rebuf-barcelona-pluja-nocturna/</ref> when N-NW winds behind a [[cold front]] (or a [[trough (meteorology)|trough]]) from the [[Ebro valley]] ([[Cierzo|"Mestral"]]) and the Easternmost [[Pyrenees]] ([[Tramontane|"Tramuntana"]]) [[convergence zone|converge]] upon the region around Barcelona, may result in rain or, in case of enough low temperatures, even [[snow]].<ref>https://beteve.cat/medi-ambient/nevada-barcelona-novembre-1999/</ref> Especially in summer, when [[sea surface temperature]] (SST) is higher, these precipitacions can happen in the form of warm rain<ref>http://ftp.comet.ucar.edu/memory-stick/hydro/basic_int/flash_flood/navmenu.php_tab_1_page_2.2.2.htm</ref> (i.e. from the coalescence of water droplets without ice formation) instead of a conventional [[thunderstorm]]. In either form, [[atmospheric convection|convective]] rains in Barcelona can be heavy and lead to [[flash flood|flash floods]] in its lowest parts.<ref>https://beteve.cat/societat/tempesta-electrica-inunda-raval/</ref><ref>https://beteve.cat/medi-ambient/70l-m2-pluja-matinada-barcelona-afectacions</ref> However, the largest amounts of rainfall in the cold season are produced by easternly (backdoor) [[cold fronts]] or "Levanters",<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Millán |first1=M.M. |last2=Estrela |first2=M.J. |last3=Miró |first3=J. |date=15 Jul 2005 |title=Rainfall Components: Variability and Spatial Distribution in a Mediterranean Area (Valencia Region) |url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/18/14/jcli3426.1.xml |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=18 |issue=14 |pages=2682–2705 |doi=10.1175/JCLI3426.1|doi-access=free }}</ref> which can last several days<ref>https://beteve.cat/medi-ambient/barcelona-100-litres-pluja-abril-2020/</ref> and be enhanced when an [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] [[cutoff (meteorology)|cutoff]] is located SW of the Iberian Peninsula, sometimes travelling through the [[Straits of Gibraltar]] into the [[Alboran Sea]].<ref>https://beteve.cat/medi-ambient/pluja-borrasca-mediterrani-abril-2020/</ref> |
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== Temperature == |
== Temperature == |
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=== General === |
=== General === |
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{| class=" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
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|- |
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!Yearly max temp |
!Yearly max temp |
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!Yearly mean temp |
!Yearly mean temp |
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!Yearly min temp |
!Yearly min temp |
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|- |
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|- class="mergedrow" |
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|{{convert|21|°C|°F|abbr=on}} |
|{{convert|21|°C|°F|abbr=on}} |
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|{{convert|18|°C|°F|abbr=on}} |
|{{convert|18|°C|°F|abbr=on}} |
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|{{convert|15|°C|°F|abbr=on}} |
|{{convert|15|°C|°F|abbr=on}} |
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Barcelona's average annual temperature is {{convert|21.2|°C|°F|abbr=on}} during the day and {{convert|15.1|°C|°F|abbr=on}} at night. In the coldest month, January, the temperature typically ranges from {{convert|12|to|18|C|F}} during the day and {{convert|6|to|12|C|F}} at night. In the warmest month, August, the temperature typically ranges from {{convert|27|to|31|C|F}} during the day and from {{convert|20|to|24|C|F}} at night. Large fluctuations in temperature are very rare.<ref name="AEMET">{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=0076&k=cat |title=Standard Climate Values. Barcelona Aeropuerto |access-date=2018-03-09}}</ref> |
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=== Seasonal climate === |
=== Seasonal climate === |
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==== Winter ==== |
==== Winter ==== |
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Winters in Barcelona are mild. January and February are the coldest months, with average temperatures around {{convert|15|°C|°F|abbr=on}} during the day and {{convert|9|°C|°F|abbr=on}} at night. The hills around the city and in the outer metropolitan area, further from the sea |
Winters in Barcelona are mild. January and February are the coldest months, with average temperatures around {{convert|15|°C|°F|abbr=on}} during the day and {{convert|9|°C|°F|abbr=on}} at night. The hills around the city (such as [[Montjuic]]) and in the outer metropolitan area, further from the sea, occasionally record frost at night. Frost during the day has been recorded in the city and inner metropolitan area during the strongest cold waves and snowstorms, but is very rare overall. The last time the city recorded a temperature below freezing was on 27 January 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://w1.bcn.cat/temps/docs/Can_Bruixa%201987-2010.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-09-06 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122932/http://w1.bcn.cat/temps/docs/Can_Bruixa%201987-2010.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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==== Spring ==== |
==== Spring ==== |
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Spring lasts usually from March to late May, although in some years it might get into June. Maxima are around {{convert|19-20|C|F}} and minima around {{convert|13-14|C|F}}. Rain is more frequent in spring than in winter and summer, but less than autumn. |
Spring lasts usually from March to late May, although in some years it might get into June. Maxima are around {{convert|19-20|C|F}} and minima around {{convert|13-14|C|F}}. Rain is more frequent in spring than in winter and summer, but less than autumn. |
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==== Summer ==== |
==== Summer ==== |
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== Sunshine == |
== Sunshine == |
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[[Sunshine duration]] is 2,524 hours per year, from 138 - average 4.5 hours of sunshine per day in December to 310 - average 10 hours of sunshine per day in July.<ref name="AEMET"/> |
[[Sunshine duration]] is 2,524 hours per year, from 138 - average 4.5 hours of sunshine per day in December to 310 - average 10 hours of sunshine per day in July.<ref name="AEMET"/> Barcelona has an average seasonal [[Ultraviolet index|UV index]] close to that of [[Madrid]], different only in March but with the same annual average of 5, with the values varying from 9 in June and July to 1 in December.<ref name="weatheratlas">{{Cite web|url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/spain/barcelona-climate|title=Barcelona, Spain - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast|publisher=Yu Media Group|website=Weather Atlas|language=en|access-date=2019-07-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/spain/madrid-climate|title=Madrid, Spain - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast|publisher=Yu Media Group|website=Weather Atlas|language=en|access-date=2019-07-03}}</ref> Although at about the same latitude [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]], [[Connecticut]] has values a little lower than Barcelona but still close.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/connecticut-usa/new-haven-climate|title=New Haven, CT - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast|publisher=Yu Media Group|website=Weather Atlas|language=en|access-date=2019-07-03}}</ref> |
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{{Weather box |
{{Weather box |
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| Nov uv =2 |
| Nov uv =2 |
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| Dec uv =1 |
| Dec uv =1 |
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|source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]] (mean daily and monthly sunshine hours),<ref name="AEMET" /> climatemps.com (percent possible sunshine)<ref>[http://www.barcelona.climatemps.com/sunlight.php Sunshine & Daylight Hours in Barcelona, Spain] - climatemps.com</ref> and Weather Atlas (UV index)<ref |
|source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]] (mean daily and monthly sunshine hours),<ref name="AEMET" /> climatemps.com (percent possible sunshine)<ref>[http://www.barcelona.climatemps.com/sunlight.php Sunshine & Daylight Hours in Barcelona, Spain] - climatemps.com</ref> and Weather Atlas (UV index)<ref name="weatheratlas" /> |
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|date=September 2014}} |
|date=September 2014}} |
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== Daylight == |
== Daylight == |
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In winter, days are not as short as in the northern part of the continent, as the average hours of daylight in December, January and February is 10<ref name=weather2travel /> (for comparison: [[London]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/united-kingdom/london.php|title = London Climate Guide: Monthly Weather, England}}</ref> or [[Moscow]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weather2travel.com/russia-europe/moscow/climate/|title=Moscow weather by month: monthly climate averages | Russia (Europe)|website=Weather2Travel.com}}</ref> or [[Warsaw]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/poland/warsaw.php|title = Warsaw Climate Guide: Monthly Weather, Poland}}</ref> - about 8 hours). |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
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|+Average hours of daylight<ref name=weather2travel /> |
|+Average hours of daylight<ref name=weather2travel /> |
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== Precipitation == |
== Precipitation == |
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Barcelona has on average only 55 precipitation days a year, therein average several rainy days per month |
Barcelona has on average only 55 precipitation (≥ 1 mm) days a year, therein average several rainy days per month, ranging from 2 in July to 6 in October. The average annual precipitation is less than 640 mm (25 inches), ranging from 20 mm (0.79 inch) in July to 91 mm (3.58 inch) in October.<ref name="AEMET" /> |
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As the city lies on a [[leeward]] location relative to the [[westerlies]], the largest amounts of rainfall in the cold season are produced by easternly (backdoor) [[cold fronts]] or "Levanters",<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Millán |first1=M.M. |last2=Estrela |first2=M.J. |last3=Miró |first3=J. |date=15 Jul 2005 |title=Rainfall Components: Variability and Spatial Distribution in a Mediterranean Area (Valencia Region) |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=18 |issue=14 |pages=2682–2705 |doi=10.1175/JCLI3426.1|bibcode=2005JCli...18.2682M |doi-access=free }}</ref> which can last several days<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://beteve.cat/medi-ambient/barcelona-100-litres-pluja-abril-2020/|title = Barcelona supera els 200 L/M2 de pluja en tot l'episodi | betevé| date=22 April 2020 }}</ref> and be enhanced when an Atlantic [[Cut-off low|cutoff]] travels through the [[Straits of Gibraltar]] into the [[Alboran Sea]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://beteve.cat/medi-ambient/pluja-borrasca-mediterrani-abril-2020/|title = Pluja abundant: Així es veu la gran borrasca des del Meteosat | betevé| date=20 April 2020 }}</ref> So although [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] [[extratropical cyclone|cyclones]] usually produce [[rainshadow|little or no precipitation at all]], the [[slipstream]] effect ("rebuf" in [[Catalan language|Catalan]]) behind a [[cold front]] or a [[trough (meteorology)|trough]], when N-NW winds from the [[Ebro]] valley ([[cierzo|"mestral"]]) and the easternmost [[Pyrenees]] ([[tramontane|"tramuntana"]]) [[convergence zone|converge]] around Barcelona,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://beteve.cat/medi-ambient/rebuf-plou-a-barcelona/|title = L'Efecte Rebuf: Per què només plou a Barcelona? | betevé| date=24 October 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://beteve.cat/medi-ambient/rebuf-barcelona-pluja-nocturna/|title=Rebuf i pluja nocturna: Per què es produeixen? | betevé|date=26 July 2022 }}</ref> brings rain or, in case of enough low temperatures, [[snow]], as in November 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://beteve.cat/medi-ambient/nevada-barcelona-novembre-1999/|title=Nevada a Barcelona del 1999: La neu més primerenca [VÍDEO] | betevé|date=17 November 2022 }}</ref> Especially in summer, when [[sea surface temperature]] (SST) is higher, [[atmospheric convection|convective]] precipitation can happen in the form of warm rain<ref>http://ftp.comet.ucar.edu/memory-stick/hydro/basic_int/flash_flood/navmenu.php_tab_1_page_2.2.2.htm</ref> (i.e. from the [[coalescence (physics)|coalescence]] of water droplets without [[ice]] formation) instead of a conventional [[thunderstorm]]. Either way, these [[storm]]s can be heavy and lead to [[flash flood]]s in the lowest parts of the city.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://beteve.cat/societat/tempesta-electrica-inunda-raval/|title=El Raval s'inunda amb 86 L/M2 pel fort aiguat | betevé|date=6 September 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://beteve.cat/medi-ambient/70l-m2-pluja-matinada-barcelona-afectacions|title=Pluja a Barcelona de matinada que deixa més de 70 L/M2 | betevé|date=16 July 2020 }}</ref> |
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{{Weather box |
{{Weather box |
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== Snow == |
== Snow == |
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[[Snow]]falls in the city are rare, but light snowfall events can happen |
[[Snow]]falls in the city are rare, but light snowfall events can happen any year on the top of the mountains around the city and in the depths of the metropolitan area (far from the sea) more frequently.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tethys.cat/ |title=TETHYS |publisher=Tethys.cat |access-date=2009-05-22 |archive-date=2009-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090517083747/http://www.tethys.cat/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://acam.cat/node/90 |title=Barcelona es, o no, ciudad de nieves | Associació Catalana de Meteorologia |publisher=Acam.cat |access-date=2009-07-07}}</ref> A heavy snowfall occurred in Christmas 1962, being the heaviest snowfall recorded in Barcelona since 1887.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acam.cat/?q=taxonomy/term/18&page=3 |title=Situacions extraodinaries | Associació Catalana de Meteorologia |publisher=Acam.cat |date=1962-12-27 |access-date=2009-05-22}}</ref> In the 21st century, the heaviest snowfall happened on 8 March 2010, a [[thundersnow]] during which public transport and roads were shut down.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-15 |title=Barcelona bajo la nieve, una recopilación histórica |url=https://www.elnacional.cat/es/cultura/libro-fotografico-barcelona-nevada-historica_327138_102.html |access-date=2024-06-19 |website=ElNacional.cat |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Guide |first=Barcelona |date=2015-01-27 |title=When does it snow in Barcelona? |url=https://www.guidebarcelona.net/snow-barcelona |access-date=2024-06-19 |website=Barcelona Guide |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/20100308/53897361377/un-historico-temporal-de-nieve-y-viento-colapsa-barcelona.html|title=Últimas noticias, actualidad y última hora en Catalunya, España y el mundo}}</ref> |
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{{Weather box |
{{Weather box |
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|Dec avg record low C = 4.8 |
|Dec avg record low C = 4.8 |
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|year avg record low C= 4.1 |
|year avg record low C= 4.1 |
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|source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]] - [[Generalitat de Catalunya|Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://w1.bcn.cat/temps/docs/Can_Bruixa%201987-2010.pdf|title=Barcelona Can Bruixa - climate (1987-2010) |
|source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]] - [[Generalitat de Catalunya|Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya]]<ref name="bcn">{{cite web|url=http://w1.bcn.cat/temps/docs/Can_Bruixa%201987-2010.pdf|title=Barcelona Can Bruixa - climate (1987-2010)|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122932/http://w1.bcn.cat/temps/docs/Can_Bruixa%201987-2010.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>|date = September 2015}} |
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== Temperature extremes == |
== Temperature extremes == |
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|year record low C= -1.0 |
|year record low C= -1.0 |
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|source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]] - [[Generalitat de Catalunya|Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya]]<ref |
|source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]] - [[Generalitat de Catalunya|Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya]]<ref name="bcn" />|date = September 2015}} |
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{{Weather box |
{{Weather box |
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|url=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos?w=0&k=cat&l=0076&datos=det&x=0076&m=1&v=TMX |
|url=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos?w=0&k=cat&l=0076&datos=det&x=0076&m=1&v=TMX |
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|title=Extreme Temperature Reports: Barcelona Aeropuerto |
|title=Extreme Temperature Reports: Barcelona Aeropuerto |
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|access-date=19 December 2012}}</ref> |
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|date=September 2012}} |
|date=September 2012}} |
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{{Weather box |
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|location = Barcelona, 1931-1960 |
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|metric first = yes |
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|single line = yes |
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|Jan record high C = 22.8 |
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|Feb record high C = 23.0 |
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|Mar record high C = 24.9 |
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|Apr record high C = 27.8 |
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|May record high C = 32.2 |
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|Jun record high C = 35.0 |
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|Jul record high C = 35.4 |
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|Aug record high C = 36.1 |
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|Sep record high C = 32.6 |
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|Oct record high C = 27.9 |
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|Nov record high C = 24.5 |
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|Dec record high C = 20.9 |
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|Jan record low C = −2.4 |
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|Feb record low C = −6.7 |
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|Mar record low C = 0.8 |
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|Apr record low C = 3.9 |
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|May record low C = 4.8 |
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|Jun record low C = 11.0 |
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|Jul record low C = 13.8 |
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|Aug record low C = 13.2 |
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|Sep record low C = 10.4 |
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|Oct record low C = 5.0 |
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|Nov record low C = 2.8 |
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|Dec record low C = −2.5 |
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|source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]<ref name="1931-1960" /> |
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}} |
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== Fog == |
== Fog == |
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== Thunderstorms == |
== Thunderstorms == |
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[[Thunderstorm]]s, which occasionally reach severe limits, are common from mid July until November. The most recent major summer storm was on the 31 July 2002,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/capecanaveral/hangar/3283/Montgat.html |title=Montgat |publisher=Geocities.com |date |
[[Thunderstorm]]s, which occasionally reach severe limits, are common from mid July until November. The most recent major summer storm was on the 31 July 2002,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/capecanaveral/hangar/3283/Montgat.html |title=Montgat |publisher=Geocities.com |access-date=2009-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091020033646/http://geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hangar/3283/Montgat.html|url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-10-20}}</ref> when over {{convert|200|mm|2|abbr=on}} of rain were recorded at some observatories. |
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== Winds == |
== Winds == |
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Though Barcelona is normally not a windy city,{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}} it is affected by sea breezes from May/June to September and winds from the west and northwest in winter. Eastern gales sometimes cause floods on the coastline. East and northeast winds can exceed {{convert|100|km/h|2|abbr=on}}. In winter Barcelona is sometimes affected by the [[tramontane|tramontana]] or [[mistral (wind)|mistral]] winds, like other places in the Northwestern Mediterranean Basin. |
Though Barcelona is normally not a windy city,{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}} it is affected by sea breezes from May/June to September and winds from the west and northwest in winter. Eastern gales sometimes cause floods on the coastline. East and northeast winds can exceed {{convert|100|km/h|2|abbr=on}}. In winter Barcelona is sometimes affected by the [[tramontane|tramontana]] or [[mistral (wind)|mistral]] winds, like other places in the Northwestern Mediterranean Basin. |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto; background: #def; border:2px solid #ccc; width: 290px; font-size: 16px;" |
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<center> |
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!style="background: white; border: #ccc 1px solid; color: #048; text-align:center;"| <small>Wind direction in Barcelona</small> |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; background: #def; border:2px solid #ccc; width: 290px; font-size: 16px;" |
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!style="background: white; border: #ccc 1px solid; color: #048;"| <center><small>Wind direction in Barcelona</small></center> |
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|- |
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|<div style="position: relative; left: 0; top: 0; height: 180px; line-height:15px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 30px;">[[File:Brosen windrose.svg|center|120px]]</div> |
|<div style="position: relative; left: 0; top: 0; height: 180px; line-height:15px;"><div style="position: relative; top: 30px;">[[File:Brosen windrose.svg|center|120px]]</div> |
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</div> |
</div> |
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|} |
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</center> |
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{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;" |
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<center> |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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! colspan="8" |Wind direction in Barcelona from 2002 to 2012 (average values) |
! colspan="8" |Wind direction in Barcelona from 2002 to 2012 (average values) |
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| Line 453: | Line 482: | ||
| colspan="8" | ''Source: [http://world-weather.ru/archive/spain/barcelona/ world-weather.ru]'' |
| colspan="8" | ''Source: [http://world-weather.ru/archive/spain/barcelona/ world-weather.ru]'' |
||
|} |
|} |
||
</center> |
|||
== Sea temperature== |
== Sea temperature== |
||
Average annual temperature of sea is about {{convert|18|°C|°F|abbr=on}}. In the coldest month – January, the average sea temperature is {{convert|13|°C|°F|abbr=on}}. In the warmest month – August, the average sea temperature is {{convert|24|to|25|°C|°F|abbr=on}}.<ref name=weather2travel>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/spain/barcelona.php|title=Weather2Travel.com: Barcelona Climate Guide| |
Average annual temperature of sea is about {{convert|18|°C|°F|abbr=on}}. In the coldest month – January, the average sea temperature is {{convert|13|°C|°F|abbr=on}}. In the warmest month – August, the average sea temperature is {{convert|24|to|25|°C|°F|abbr=on}}.<ref name=weather2travel>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/spain/barcelona.php|title=Weather2Travel.com: Barcelona Climate Guide|access-date=2011-06-16}}</ref><ref name="seatemperature.org">[https://www.seatemperature.org/europe/spain/barcelona.htm Barcelona average sea temperature] - seatemperature.org</ref> |
||
{|class="wikitable" |
{|class="wikitable" |
||
| Line 522: | Line 550: | ||
== Seasonal information == |
== Seasonal information == |
||
Snow is rare in Barcelona (falling only once every two years on average), although there are resorts for winter sports in the Pyrenees 100–150 km from the city |
Snow is rare in Barcelona (falling only once every two years on average), although there are resorts for winter sports in the Pyrenees 100–150 km from the city such as [[La Molina (ski resort)|La Molina]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.publico.es/deportes/285155/barcelona/optara/juegos/olimpicos/invierno/ano |title=Barcelona optará a los Juegos Olímpicos de Invierno 2022 |date=13 January 2010 |publisher=Publico.es |access-date=March 5, 2011}}</ref> Summers in Barcelona area are warm. Summer temperatures - above {{convert|20|°C|0|abbr=on}} - begin as early as May, although in this month the sea temperature is still mild: around {{convert|17-18|°C|0|abbr=on}}. The summer season ends in October. Over the summer season (4 months), the average temperatures is {{convert|26|-|29|C|F}} during the day and the average sea temperature is {{convert|23|°C|0|abbr=on}}. The weather in Barcelona during spring and autumn can be very changeable. During these months it can rain for quite long periods, but consecutive sunny days are also fairly common. The difference between temperatures during day and night is small because of the strong maritime influence, very rarely surpassing 10 °C.<ref> |
||
{{cite web|url=http://www.barcelona-university.es/Barcelona-weather.htm |title=Barcelona Weather Guide |publisher=barcelona-university.es | |
{{cite web|url=http://www.barcelona-university.es/Barcelona-weather.htm |title=Barcelona Weather Guide |publisher=barcelona-university.es |access-date=May 13, 2014}}</ref> |
||
== Climatic data for Barcelona area== |
== Climatic data for Barcelona area== |
||
| Line 597: | Line 625: | ||
|year precipitation days= |
|year precipitation days= |
||
|unit precipitation days=1 mm |
|unit precipitation days=1 mm |
||
|source 1 = [[Generalitat de Catalunya|Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya]]<ref |
|source 1 = [[Generalitat de Catalunya|Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya]]<ref name="bcn" />|date = September 2015}} |
||
{{Weather box |
{{Weather box |
||
| Line 669: | Line 697: | ||
|year precipitation days=53 |
|year precipitation days=53 |
||
|unit precipitation days=1 mm |
|unit precipitation days=1 mm |
||
| unit snow days = |
|||
| Jan snow days =0.1 |
|||
| Feb snow days =0.2 |
|||
| Mar snow days =0.1 |
|||
| Apr snow days =0 |
|||
| May snow days =0 |
|||
| Jun snow days =0 |
|||
| Jul snow days =0 |
|||
| Aug snow days =0 |
|||
| Sep snow days =0 |
|||
| Oct snow days =0 |
|||
| Nov snow days =0.1 |
|||
| Dec snow days =0 |
|||
| year snow days = |
|||
| humidity colour = green |
|||
| time day = |
|||
| daily = |
|||
| Jan humidity =70 |
|||
| Feb humidity =70 |
|||
| Mar humidity =70 |
|||
| Apr humidity =69 |
|||
| May humidity =70 |
|||
| Jun humidity =68 |
|||
| Jul humidity =67 |
|||
| Aug humidity =68 |
|||
| Sep humidity =70 |
|||
| Oct humidity =73 |
|||
| Nov humidity =71 |
|||
| Dec humidity =69 |
|||
| year humidity = |
|||
| Jan sun=158 |
| Jan sun=158 |
||
| Feb sun=171 |
| Feb sun=171 |
||
| Line 685: | Line 743: | ||
{{Weather box |
{{Weather box |
||
|location = Barcelona |
|location = Barcelona, 1931-1960 |
||
|metric first = yes |
|metric first = yes |
||
|single line = yes |
|single line = yes |
||
|collapsed = yes |
|||
|Jan high C = |
|Jan high C = 12.7 |
||
|Feb high C = |
|Feb high C = 13.6 |
||
|Mar high C = 15. |
|Mar high C = 15.7 |
||
|Apr high C = |
|Apr high C = 18.2 |
||
|May high C = |
|May high C = 21.3 |
||
|Jun high C = |
|Jun high C = 25.1 |
||
|Jul high C = 27. |
|Jul high C = 27.8 |
||
|Aug high C = |
|Aug high C = 27.7 |
||
|Sep high C = 25. |
|Sep high C = 25.0 |
||
|Oct high C = |
|Oct high C = 20.7 |
||
|Nov high C = |
|Nov high C = 16.4 |
||
|Dec high C = |
|Dec high C = 13.0 |
||
|year high C = |
|year high C = |
||
|Jan mean C = 8.9 |
|||
| |
|Jan mean C = 9.5 |
||
| |
|Feb mean C = 10.3 |
||
| |
|Mar mean C = 12.3 |
||
| |
|Apr mean C = 14.6 |
||
| |
|May mean C = 17.7 |
||
| |
|Jun mean C = 21.5 |
||
| |
|Jul mean C = 24.3 |
||
| |
|Aug mean C = 24.3 |
||
| |
|Sep mean C = 21.9 |
||
| |
|Oct mean C = 17.6 |
||
| |
|Nov mean C = 13.5 |
||
| |
|Dec mean C = 10.3 |
||
| |
|year mean C = |
||
|Feb low C = 5.3 |
|||
| |
|Jan low C = 6.4 |
||
| |
|Feb low C = 6.9 |
||
| |
|Mar low C = 9.0 |
||
| |
|Apr low C = 10.9 |
||
| |
|May low C = 14.0 |
||
| |
|Jun low C = 18.0 |
||
| |
|Jul low C = 20.7 |
||
| |
|Aug low C = 20.9 |
||
| |
|Sep low C = 18.8 |
||
| |
|Oct low C = 14.6 |
||
| |
|Nov low C = 10.6 |
||
| |
|Dec low C = 7.5 |
||
|year low C = |
|||
|Feb precipitation mm = 29 |
|||
|Mar precipitation mm = 42 |
|||
| |
|Jan precipitation mm = 30 |
||
| |
|Feb precipitation mm = 40 |
||
| |
|Mar precipitation mm = 53 |
||
| |
|Apr precipitation mm = 45 |
||
| |
|May precipitation mm = 54 |
||
| |
|Jun precipitation mm = 40 |
||
| |
|Jul precipitation mm = 30 |
||
| |
|Aug precipitation mm = 47 |
||
| |
|Sep precipitation mm = 82 |
||
| |
|Oct precipitation mm = 77 |
||
|Nov precipitation mm = 54 |
|||
|Dec precipitation mm = 49 |
|||
|year precipitation mm = |
|||
|Jan precipitation days = 5 |
|Jan precipitation days = 5 |
||
|Feb precipitation days = |
|Feb precipitation days = 6 |
||
|Mar precipitation days = |
|Mar precipitation days = 8 |
||
|Apr precipitation days = |
|Apr precipitation days = 8 |
||
|May precipitation days = |
|May precipitation days = 8 |
||
|Jun precipitation days = |
|Jun precipitation days = 6 |
||
|Jul precipitation days = |
|Jul precipitation days = 4 |
||
|Aug precipitation days = |
|Aug precipitation days = 6 |
||
|Sep precipitation days = |
|Sep precipitation days = 8 |
||
|Oct precipitation days = |
|Oct precipitation days = 8 |
||
|Nov precipitation days = |
|Nov precipitation days = 7 |
||
|Dec precipitation days = |
|Dec precipitation days = 7 |
||
|year precipitation days = |
|year precipitation days = |
||
|unit precipitation days = 1 mm |
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |
||
|Jan sun = 149 |
|||
| |
|Jan sun = 146 |
||
| |
|Feb sun = 165 |
||
| |
|Mar sun = 177 |
||
| |
|Apr sun = 213 |
||
| |
|May sun = 251 |
||
| |
|Jun sun = 279 |
||
| |
|Jul sun = 313 |
||
| |
|Aug sun = 273 |
||
| |
|Sep sun = 201 |
||
| |
|Oct sun = 177 |
||
| |
|Nov sun = 150 |
||
| |
|Dec sun = 133 |
||
|year sun = |
|||
|source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]<ref name="AEMET">{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=0076&k=cat |title=Standard Climate Values. Barcelona Aeropuerto |accessdate=2018-03-09}}</ref> |
|||
|date=September 2014}} |
|||
|source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]<ref name="1931-1960">{{cite book |last1=Font Tullot |first1=Inocencio |title=Climatología de España y Portugal |date=2000 |publisher=Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca |location=[Salamanca] |isbn=9788478009442 |page=370 |edition=Nueva versión |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uf46Uka-ViAC}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
{{Weather box |
|||
|location=Barcelona - [[El Raval]] (2007-2016) |
|||
|metric first=yes |
|||
|single line=yes |
|||
|collapsed = Y |
|||
| Jan high C=15.0 |
|||
| Feb high C=15.2 |
|||
| Mar high C=17.1 |
|||
| Apr high C=19.5 |
|||
| May high C=22.6 |
|||
| Jun high C=26.5 |
|||
| Jul high C=28.8 |
|||
| Aug high C=29.0 |
|||
| Sep high C=26.2 |
|||
| Oct high C=22.8 |
|||
| Nov high C=18.4 |
|||
| Dec high C=15.4 |
|||
|year high C= |
|||
| Jan mean C=11.8 |
|||
| Feb mean C=11.9 |
|||
| Mar mean C=13.7 |
|||
| Apr mean C=16.3 |
|||
| May mean C=19.3 |
|||
| Jun mean C=23.2 |
|||
| Jul mean C=25.8 |
|||
| Aug mean C=26.0 |
|||
| Sep mean C=23.3 |
|||
| Oct mean C=19.8 |
|||
| Nov mean C=15.2 |
|||
| Dec mean C=12.3 |
|||
|year mean C= |
|||
| Jan low C=8.6 |
|||
| Feb low C=8.5 |
|||
| Mar low C=10.2 |
|||
| Apr low C=13.0 |
|||
| May low C=15.7 |
|||
| Jun low C=19.8 |
|||
| Jul low C=22.7 |
|||
| Aug low C=23.0 |
|||
| Sep low C=20.3 |
|||
| Oct low C=16.8 |
|||
| Nov low C=12.0 |
|||
| Dec low C=9.2 |
|||
|year low C= |
|||
| Jan precipitation mm=30.3 |
|||
| Feb precipitation mm=35.3 |
|||
| Mar precipitation mm=65.0 |
|||
| Apr precipitation mm=52.7 |
|||
| May precipitation mm=55.4 |
|||
| Jun precipitation mm=27.2 |
|||
| Jul precipitation mm=39.3 |
|||
| Aug precipitation mm=25.9 |
|||
| Sep precipitation mm=58.3 |
|||
| Oct precipitation mm=83.7 |
|||
| Nov precipitation mm=60.7 |
|||
| Dec precipitation mm=25.4 |
|||
|year precipitation mm= |
|||
| Jan precipitation days=5.2 |
|||
| Feb precipitation days=5.4 |
|||
| Mar precipitation days=6.3 |
|||
| Apr precipitation days=8.3 |
|||
| May precipitation days=6.4 |
|||
| Jun precipitation days=3.9 |
|||
| Jul precipitation days=2.9 |
|||
| Aug precipitation days=3.8 |
|||
| Sep precipitation days=5.7 |
|||
| Oct precipitation days=6.9 |
|||
| Nov precipitation days=6.1 |
|||
| Dec precipitation days=4.6 |
|||
|year precipitation days= |
|||
|unit precipitation days=1 mm |
|||
|Jan humidity = 61 |
|||
|Feb humidity = 59 |
|||
|Mar humidity = 60 |
|||
|Apr humidity = 64 |
|||
|May humidity = 63 |
|||
|Jun humidity = 61 |
|||
|Jul humidity = 63 |
|||
|Aug humidity = 64 |
|||
|Sep humidity = 64 |
|||
|Oct humidity = 67 |
|||
|Nov humidity = 62 |
|||
|Dec humidity = 61 |
|||
|year humidity = |
|||
|source 1 = [[Generalitat de Catalunya|Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://static-m.meteo.cat/wordpressweb/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/26082003/BR-Barcelona-el-Raval1.pdf |title=BARCELONA - EL RAVAL Normals climàtiques 2007-2016 |access-date=2022-02-04}}</ref>}} |
|||
{{Weather box |
{{Weather box |
||
| Line 928: | Line 1,078: | ||
|Dec sun = 156 |
|Dec sun = 156 |
||
|year sun = 2506 |
|year sun = 2506 |
||
|source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=0200E&k=cat |title=Standard Climate Values. Barcelona, Fabra | |
|source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=0200E&k=cat |title=Standard Climate Values. Barcelona, Fabra |access-date=2018-03-09}}</ref> |
||
|date=September 2014}} |
|date=September 2014}} |
||
| Line 1,018: | Line 1,168: | ||
|url=http://meteobdn.cat/climatologia.html |
|url=http://meteobdn.cat/climatologia.html |
||
|title=Climatologia |publisher= MeteoBDN |
|title=Climatologia |publisher= MeteoBDN |
||
}}</ref> <small>(1981-2010, 2009-2017 for precipitation days and humidity)</small> |
|||
|date=June 2018}} |
|date=June 2018}} |
||
| Line 1,068: | Line 1,218: | ||
|url=http://www.ucm.es/info/cif/station/es-san-a.htm |
|url=http://www.ucm.es/info/cif/station/es-san-a.htm |
||
|title=ESP BARCELONA - SAN ADRIAN DEL BESOS |
|title=ESP BARCELONA - SAN ADRIAN DEL BESOS |
||
}}</ref> |
|||
|date=September 2012}} |
|date=September 2012}} |
||
{{Weather box |
{{Weather box |
||
| Line 1,117: | Line 1,267: | ||
|url=http://www.ucm.es/info/cif/station/es-el-pr.htm |
|url=http://www.ucm.es/info/cif/station/es-el-pr.htm |
||
|title=ESP BARCELONA - EL PRAT DE LLOBREGAT |
|title=ESP BARCELONA - EL PRAT DE LLOBREGAT |
||
}}</ref> |
|||
|date=September 2012}} |
|date=September 2012}} |
||
{{Weather box |
{{Weather box |
||
| Line 1,166: | Line 1,316: | ||
|url=http://www.ucm.es/info/cif/station/es-matar.htm |
|url=http://www.ucm.es/info/cif/station/es-matar.htm |
||
|title=ESP BARCELONA - MATARO |
|title=ESP BARCELONA - MATARO |
||
}}</ref> |
|||
|date=September 2012}} |
|date=September 2012}} |
||
{{Weather box |
{{Weather box |
||
| Line 1,215: | Line 1,365: | ||
|url=http://www.ucm.es/info/cif/station/es-sabad.htm |
|url=http://www.ucm.es/info/cif/station/es-sabad.htm |
||
|title=ESP BARCELONA - SABADELL |
|title=ESP BARCELONA - SABADELL |
||
}}</ref> |
|||
|date=September 2012}} |
|date=September 2012}} |
||
{{Weather box |
{{Weather box |
||
| Line 1,264: | Line 1,414: | ||
|url=http://www.ucm.es/info/cif/station/es-calde.htm |
|url=http://www.ucm.es/info/cif/station/es-calde.htm |
||
|title=ESP BARCELONA - CALDES DE MONTBUI |
|title=ESP BARCELONA - CALDES DE MONTBUI |
||
}}</ref> |
|||
|date=September 2012}} |
|date=September 2012}} |
||
{{Weather box |
{{Weather box |
||
| Line 1,313: | Line 1,463: | ||
|url=http://www.ucm.es/info/cif/station/es-marto.htm |
|url=http://www.ucm.es/info/cif/station/es-marto.htm |
||
|title=ESP BARCELONA - MARTORELL |
|title=ESP BARCELONA - MARTORELL |
||
}}</ref> |
|||
|date=September 2012}} |
|date=September 2012}} |
||
| Line 1,330: | Line 1,480: | ||
== External links == |
== External links == |
||
* [http://www.meteo.cat/wpweb/climatologia/serveis-i-dades-climatiques/series-climatiques-historiques/ Sèries climàtiques històriques (1950–2015)] - [[Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya]] – [[Generalitat de Catalunya]] |
* [http://www.meteo.cat/wpweb/climatologia/serveis-i-dades-climatiques/series-climatiques-historiques/ Sèries climàtiques històriques (1950–2015)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304002150/http://www.meteo.cat/wpweb/climatologia/serveis-i-dades-climatiques/series-climatiques-historiques/ |date=2017-03-04 }} - [[Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya]] – [[Generalitat de Catalunya]] |
||
* [https://homagetobcn.com/snow-in-barcelona-1962/ Snowfall in Barcelona (1962)] on [https://homagetobcn.com/ Homage to BCN] |
* [https://homagetobcn.com/snow-in-barcelona-1962/ Snowfall in Barcelona (1962)] on [https://homagetobcn.com/ Homage to BCN] |
||
[[Category:Geography of Barcelona]] |
[[Category:Geography of Barcelona]] |
||
[[Category:Climate by city|Barcelona]] |
[[Category:Climate by city|Barcelona]] |
||
Latest revision as of 20:42, 13 December 2024
 |
| Barcelona (Can Bruixa, Barcelona city) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Barcelona Airport, El Prat de Llobregat (15 kilometres (9.3 mi)) from the city centre | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Barcelona has a Mediterranean climate (Csa) according to Köppen-Geiger classification, a warm-temperate subtropical climate (Warmgemäßigt-subtropisches Zonenklima) according to Troll-Paffen climate classification,[3] and a subtropical climate according to Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification.[4]
Temperature
[edit]General
[edit]| Yearly max temp | Yearly mean temp | Yearly min temp |
|---|---|---|
| 21 °C (70 °F) | 18 °C (64 °F) | 15 °C (59 °F) |
Barcelona's average annual temperature is 21.2 °C (70.2 °F) during the day and 15.1 °C (59.2 °F) at night. In the coldest month, January, the temperature typically ranges from 12 to 18 °C (54 to 64 °F) during the day and 6 to 12 °C (43 to 54 °F) at night. In the warmest month, August, the temperature typically ranges from 27 to 31 °C (81 to 88 °F) during the day and from 20 to 24 °C (68 to 75 °F) at night. Large fluctuations in temperature are very rare.[5]
Seasonal climate
[edit]
Winter
[edit]Winters in Barcelona are mild. January and February are the coldest months, with average temperatures around 15 °C (59 °F) during the day and 9 °C (48 °F) at night. The hills around the city (such as Montjuic) and in the outer metropolitan area, further from the sea, occasionally record frost at night. Frost during the day has been recorded in the city and inner metropolitan area during the strongest cold waves and snowstorms, but is very rare overall. The last time the city recorded a temperature below freezing was on 27 January 2005.[6]
Spring
[edit]Spring lasts usually from March to late May, although in some years it might get into June. Maxima are around 19–20 °C (66–68 °F) and minima around 13–14 °C (55–57 °F). Rain is more frequent in spring than in winter and summer, but less than autumn.
Summer
[edit]Generally the summer season lasts from late May or early June to late September or early October. July and August are the warmest months, with average temperatures around 28–29 °C (82–84 °F) during the day and 22–23 °C (72–73 °F) at night. In June and September the average temperature is around 26 °C (79 °F) during the day and 20 °C (68 °F) at night. Daytime temperatures above 34 °C (93 °F) are rare.
Autumn
[edit]Autumn is the rainiest season of the year, lasting from October to December. Maxima are around 18–19 °C (64–66 °F) and minima around 12–13 °C (54–55 °F).
Sunshine
[edit]Sunshine duration is 2,524 hours per year, from 138 - average 4.5 hours of sunshine per day in December to 310 - average 10 hours of sunshine per day in July.[5] Barcelona has an average seasonal UV index close to that of Madrid, different only in March but with the same annual average of 5, with the values varying from 9 in June and July to 1 in December.[7][8] Although at about the same latitude New Haven, Connecticut has values a little lower than Barcelona but still close.[9]
| Climate data for Barcelona | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 149 | 163 | 200 | 220 | 244 | 262 | 310 | 282 | 219 | 180 | 146 | 138 | 2,524 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 4.80 | 5.71 | 6.45 | 7.33 | 7.87 | 8.73 | 10.0 | 9.09 | 7.30 | 5.80 | 4.86 | 4.45 | 6.9 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 50 | 56 | 48 | 54 | 57 | 62 | 69 | 67 | 55 | 52 | 52 | 47 | 55 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
| Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (mean daily and monthly sunshine hours),[5] climatemps.com (percent possible sunshine)[10] and Weather Atlas (UV index)[7] | |||||||||||||
Daylight
[edit]In winter, days are not as short as in the northern part of the continent, as the average hours of daylight in December, January and February is 10[11] (for comparison: London[12] or Moscow[13] or Warsaw[14] - about 8 hours).
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hours of light | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 |
| hours of Twilight/Night | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
Precipitation
[edit]Barcelona has on average only 55 precipitation (≥ 1 mm) days a year, therein average several rainy days per month, ranging from 2 in July to 6 in October. The average annual precipitation is less than 640 mm (25 inches), ranging from 20 mm (0.79 inch) in July to 91 mm (3.58 inch) in October.[5]
As the city lies on a leeward location relative to the westerlies, the largest amounts of rainfall in the cold season are produced by easternly (backdoor) cold fronts or "Levanters",[15] which can last several days[16] and be enhanced when an Atlantic cutoff travels through the Straits of Gibraltar into the Alboran Sea.[17] So although Atlantic cyclones usually produce little or no precipitation at all, the slipstream effect ("rebuf" in Catalan) behind a cold front or a trough, when N-NW winds from the Ebro valley ("mestral") and the easternmost Pyrenees ("tramuntana") converge around Barcelona,[18][19] brings rain or, in case of enough low temperatures, snow, as in November 1999.[20] Especially in summer, when sea surface temperature (SST) is higher, convective precipitation can happen in the form of warm rain[21] (i.e. from the coalescence of water droplets without ice formation) instead of a conventional thunderstorm. Either way, these storms can be heavy and lead to flash floods in the lowest parts of the city.[22][23]
| Climate data for Barcelona (precipitation days - 1 mm) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 41 (1.6) |
29 (1.1) |
42 (1.7) |
49 (1.9) |
59 (2.3) |
42 (1.7) |
20 (0.8) |
61 (2.4) |
85 (3.3) |
91 (3.6) |
58 (2.3) |
51 (2.0) |
640 (25.2) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 55 |
| Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[5] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Barcelona (precipitation days - 0.1 mm) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 6 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 72 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organization[1] | |||||||||||||
Humidity
[edit]Average relative humidity is 72%, ranging from 69% in July to 75% in October.[5]
| Climate data for Barcelona | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 73 | 71 | 71 | 71 | 73 | 72 | 69 | 72 | 73 | 75 | 74 | 73 | 72 |
| Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[5] | |||||||||||||
Snow
[edit]Snowfalls in the city are rare, but light snowfall events can happen any year on the top of the mountains around the city and in the depths of the metropolitan area (far from the sea) more frequently.[24][25] A heavy snowfall occurred in Christmas 1962, being the heaviest snowfall recorded in Barcelona since 1887.[26] In the 21st century, the heaviest snowfall happened on 8 March 2010, a thundersnow during which public transport and roads were shut down.[27][28][29]
| Climate data for Barcelona Airport (El Prat de Llobregat) about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the city center | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average snowy days | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.4 |
| Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[5] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Fabra Observatory, altitude: 408 metres (1,339 ft) m.a.s.l. | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average snowy days | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 2.0 |
| Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[5] | |||||||||||||
Mean maximums and minimums
[edit]| Climate data for Barcelona Can Bruixa, 1987–2010 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean maximum °C (°F) | 19.9 (67.8) |
20.4 (68.7) |
23.7 (74.7) |
24.4 (75.9) |
27.7 (81.9) |
31.4 (88.5) |
32.7 (90.9) |
33.8 (92.8) |
30.0 (86.0) |
26.9 (80.4) |
23.0 (73.4) |
20.4 (68.7) |
33.8 (92.8) |
| Mean minimum °C (°F) | 4.1 (39.4) |
4.7 (40.5) |
6.2 (43.2) |
8.2 (46.8) |
11.6 (52.9) |
15.3 (59.5) |
17.9 (64.2) |
18.6 (65.5) |
15.4 (59.7) |
12.1 (53.8) |
6.9 (44.4) |
4.8 (40.6) |
4.1 (39.4) |
| Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya[30] | |||||||||||||
Temperature extremes
[edit]The highest temperature recorded during the day was 37.4 °C (99.3 °F) on 27 August 2010; the average August 2003 maximum temperature during the day was 32.8 °C (91.0 °F). The coldest temperature recorded was −8.0 °C (17.6 °F) at night on 27 December 1962.[31]
| Climate data for Barcelona Can Bruixa - Barcelona city (1987-2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 22.4 (72.3) |
24.8 (76.6) |
28.8 (83.8) |
27.7 (81.9) |
31.6 (88.9) |
35.8 (96.4) |
36.8 (98.2) |
38.2 (100.8) |
33.4 (92.1) |
32.6 (90.7) |
26.1 (79.0) |
23.1 (73.6) |
38.2 (100.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −1.0 (30.2) |
0.6 (33.1) |
0.4 (32.7) |
6.2 (43.2) |
6.3 (43.3) |
12.4 (54.3) |
15.5 (59.9) |
15.2 (59.4) |
12.5 (54.5) |
5.4 (41.7) |
1.7 (35.1) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
| Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya[30] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Barcelona Airport | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 22.4 (72.3) |
24.5 (76.1) |
27.5 (81.5) |
26.5 (79.7) |
32.0 (89.6) |
34.9 (94.8) |
36.0 (96.8) |
37.4 (99.3) |
34.0 (93.2) |
30.4 (86.7) |
27.0 (80.6) |
27.0 (80.6) |
37.4 (99.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −7.2 (19.0) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
0.1 (32.2) |
3.0 (37.4) |
7.8 (46.0) |
11.4 (52.5) |
9.5 (49.1) |
7.6 (45.7) |
3.8 (38.8) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
−8 (18) |
−8 (18) |
| Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[32] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Barcelona, 1931-1960 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 22.8 (73.0) |
23.0 (73.4) |
24.9 (76.8) |
27.8 (82.0) |
32.2 (90.0) |
35.0 (95.0) |
35.4 (95.7) |
36.1 (97.0) |
32.6 (90.7) |
27.9 (82.2) |
24.5 (76.1) |
20.9 (69.6) |
36.1 (97.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −2.4 (27.7) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
0.8 (33.4) |
3.9 (39.0) |
4.8 (40.6) |
11.0 (51.8) |
13.8 (56.8) |
13.2 (55.8) |
10.4 (50.7) |
5.0 (41.0) |
2.8 (37.0) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
| Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[33] | |||||||||||||
Fog
[edit]Barcelona is generally a sunny city, however, some days of fog and spells of overcast days are not rare. Sea fog is frequent in early spring, when the first warm African air masses come in over the cold sea water.
Thunderstorms
[edit]Thunderstorms, which occasionally reach severe limits, are common from mid July until November. The most recent major summer storm was on the 31 July 2002,[34] when over 200 mm (7.87 in) of rain were recorded at some observatories.
Winds
[edit]Though Barcelona is normally not a windy city,[citation needed] it is affected by sea breezes from May/June to September and winds from the west and northwest in winter. Eastern gales sometimes cause floods on the coastline. East and northeast winds can exceed 100 km/h (62.14 mph). In winter Barcelona is sometimes affected by the tramontana or mistral winds, like other places in the Northwestern Mediterranean Basin.
| Wind direction in Barcelona |
|---|
 7,2%
3,7% 15,2% 11,3% 21,1%
33,7% 4,4% 3,4% |
| Wind direction in Barcelona from 2002 to 2012 (average values) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North | Northeast | East | South East | Southern | Southwest | West | Northwest |
| 7.2% | 3.7% | 15.2% | 11.3% | 21.1% | 33.7% | 4.4% | 3.4% |
| Source: world-weather.ru | |||||||
Sea temperature
[edit]Average annual temperature of sea is about 18 °C (64 °F). In the coldest month – January, the average sea temperature is 13 °C (55 °F). In the warmest month – August, the average sea temperature is 24 to 25 °C (75 to 77 °F).[11][35]
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13 °C (55 °F) | 13 °C (55 °F) | 13 °C (55 °F) | 14 °C (57 °F) | 17 °C (63 °F) | 20 °C (68 °F) | 23 °C (73 °F) | 25 °C (77 °F) | 23 °C (73 °F) | 20 °C (68 °F) | 17 °C (63 °F) | 15 °C (59 °F) | 18 °C (64 °F) |
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13.3 °C (55.9 °F) | 13.1 °C (55.6 °F) | 13.3 °C (55.9 °F) | 14.7 °C (58.5 °F) | 17.5 °C (63.5 °F) | 20.9 °C (69.6 °F) | 22.9 °C (73.2 °F) | 24.1 °C (75.4 °F) | 23.1 °C (73.6 °F) | 20.9 °C (69.6 °F) | 17.7 °C (63.9 °F) | 15.1 °C (59.2 °F) | 18.1 °C (64.6 °F) |
Seasonal information
[edit]Snow is rare in Barcelona (falling only once every two years on average), although there are resorts for winter sports in the Pyrenees 100–150 km from the city such as La Molina.[36] Summers in Barcelona area are warm. Summer temperatures - above 20 °C (68 °F) - begin as early as May, although in this month the sea temperature is still mild: around 17–18 °C (63–64 °F). The summer season ends in October. Over the summer season (4 months), the average temperatures is 26–29 °C (79–84 °F) during the day and the average sea temperature is 23 °C (73 °F). The weather in Barcelona during spring and autumn can be very changeable. During these months it can rain for quite long periods, but consecutive sunny days are also fairly common. The difference between temperatures during day and night is small because of the strong maritime influence, very rarely surpassing 10 °C.[37]
Climatic data for Barcelona area
[edit]| Climate data for Barcelona - Les Corts (1987-2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 14.8 (58.6) |
15.6 (60.1) |
17.4 (63.3) |
19.1 (66.4) |
22.5 (72.5) |
26.1 (79.0) |
28.6 (83.5) |
29.1 (84.4) |
26.0 (78.8) |
22.5 (72.5) |
17.9 (64.2) |
15.1 (59.2) |
21.2 (70.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 11.7 (53.1) |
12.4 (54.3) |
14.2 (57.6) |
15.8 (60.4) |
19.3 (66.7) |
23.0 (73.4) |
25.7 (78.3) |
26.1 (79.0) |
23.0 (73.4) |
19.5 (67.1) |
14.9 (58.8) |
12.3 (54.1) |
18.2 (64.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.8 (47.8) |
9.3 (48.7) |
10.9 (51.6) |
12.5 (54.5) |
16.1 (61.0) |
19.8 (67.6) |
22.7 (72.9) |
23.1 (73.6) |
20.0 (68.0) |
16.5 (61.7) |
11.9 (53.4) |
9.5 (49.1) |
15.1 (59.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 43.7 (1.72) |
31.4 (1.24) |
33.0 (1.30) |
47.7 (1.88) |
47.4 (1.87) |
25.5 (1.00) |
25.1 (0.99) |
40.8 (1.61) |
81.9 (3.22) |
96.5 (3.80) |
45.1 (1.78) |
46.8 (1.84) |
565.0 (22.24) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 6.0 | 5.0 | 6.2 | 7.9 | 7.5 | 5.5 | 3.1 | 5.8 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 6.6 | 7.0 | 76.6 |
| Source: Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya[30] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Barcelona Airport (1981-2010, altitude: 4 m.a.s.l., location) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 13.6 (56.5) |
14.3 (57.7) |
16.1 (61.0) |
18.0 (64.4) |
21.1 (70.0) |
24.9 (76.8) |
28.0 (82.4) |
28.5 (83.3) |
26.0 (78.8) |
22.1 (71.8) |
17.3 (63.1) |
14.3 (57.7) |
20.3 (68.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 9.2 (48.6) |
9.9 (49.8) |
11.8 (53.2) |
13.7 (56.7) |
16.9 (62.4) |
20.9 (69.6) |
23.9 (75.0) |
24.4 (75.9) |
21.7 (71.1) |
17.8 (64.0) |
13.0 (55.4) |
10.0 (50.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.7 (40.5) |
5.4 (41.7) |
7.4 (45.3) |
9.4 (48.9) |
12.8 (55.0) |
16.8 (62.2) |
19.8 (67.6) |
20.2 (68.4) |
17.4 (63.3) |
13.5 (56.3) |
8.6 (47.5) |
5.7 (42.3) |
11.8 (53.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 37 (1.5) |
35 (1.4) |
36 (1.4) |
40 (1.6) |
47 (1.9) |
30 (1.2) |
21 (0.8) |
62 (2.4) |
81 (3.2) |
91 (3.6) |
59 (2.3) |
40 (1.6) |
588 (23.1) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 53 |
| Average snowy days | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 70 | 70 | 70 | 69 | 70 | 68 | 67 | 68 | 70 | 73 | 71 | 69 | 70 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 158 | 171 | 206 | 239 | 258 | 287 | 293 | 264 | 229 | 196 | 153 | 137 | 2,591 |
| Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[5] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Barcelona, 1931-1960 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 12.7 (54.9) |
13.6 (56.5) |
15.7 (60.3) |
18.2 (64.8) |
21.3 (70.3) |
25.1 (77.2) |
27.8 (82.0) |
27.7 (81.9) |
25.0 (77.0) |
20.7 (69.3) |
16.4 (61.5) |
13.0 (55.4) |
19.8 (67.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 9.5 (49.1) |
10.3 (50.5) |
12.3 (54.1) |
14.6 (58.3) |
17.7 (63.9) |
21.5 (70.7) |
24.3 (75.7) |
24.3 (75.7) |
21.9 (71.4) |
17.6 (63.7) |
13.5 (56.3) |
10.3 (50.5) |
16.5 (61.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 6.4 (43.5) |
6.9 (44.4) |
9.0 (48.2) |
10.9 (51.6) |
14.0 (57.2) |
18.0 (64.4) |
20.7 (69.3) |
20.9 (69.6) |
18.8 (65.8) |
14.6 (58.3) |
10.6 (51.1) |
7.5 (45.5) |
13.2 (55.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 30 (1.2) |
40 (1.6) |
53 (2.1) |
45 (1.8) |
54 (2.1) |
40 (1.6) |
30 (1.2) |
47 (1.9) |
82 (3.2) |
77 (3.0) |
54 (2.1) |
49 (1.9) |
601 (23.7) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 5 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 81 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 146 | 165 | 177 | 213 | 251 | 279 | 313 | 273 | 201 | 177 | 150 | 133 | 2,478 |
| Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[33] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Barcelona - El Raval (2007-2016) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 15.0 (59.0) |
15.2 (59.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
19.5 (67.1) |
22.6 (72.7) |
26.5 (79.7) |
28.8 (83.8) |
29.0 (84.2) |
26.2 (79.2) |
22.8 (73.0) |
18.4 (65.1) |
15.4 (59.7) |
21.4 (70.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 11.8 (53.2) |
11.9 (53.4) |
13.7 (56.7) |
16.3 (61.3) |
19.3 (66.7) |
23.2 (73.8) |
25.8 (78.4) |
26.0 (78.8) |
23.3 (73.9) |
19.8 (67.6) |
15.2 (59.4) |
12.3 (54.1) |
18.2 (64.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.6 (47.5) |
8.5 (47.3) |
10.2 (50.4) |
13.0 (55.4) |
15.7 (60.3) |
19.8 (67.6) |
22.7 (72.9) |
23.0 (73.4) |
20.3 (68.5) |
16.8 (62.2) |
12.0 (53.6) |
9.2 (48.6) |
15.0 (59.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 30.3 (1.19) |
35.3 (1.39) |
65.0 (2.56) |
52.7 (2.07) |
55.4 (2.18) |
27.2 (1.07) |
39.3 (1.55) |
25.9 (1.02) |
58.3 (2.30) |
83.7 (3.30) |
60.7 (2.39) |
25.4 (1.00) |
559.2 (22.02) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 5.2 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 8.3 | 6.4 | 3.9 | 2.9 | 3.8 | 5.7 | 6.9 | 6.1 | 4.6 | 65.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 61 | 59 | 60 | 64 | 63 | 61 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 67 | 62 | 61 | 62 |
| Source: Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya[38] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Barcelona (since 2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 13.9 (57.0) |
14.2 (57.6) |
16.2 (61.2) |
18.6 (65.5) |
21.6 (70.9) |
25.8 (78.4) |
28.3 (82.9) |
29.1 (84.4) |
26.3 (79.3) |
22.8 (73.0) |
18.0 (64.4) |
14.4 (57.9) |
20.8 (69.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 9.0 (48.2) |
9.7 (49.5) |
11.9 (53.4) |
14.6 (58.3) |
17.8 (64.0) |
22.2 (72.0) |
24.9 (76.8) |
25.3 (77.5) |
22.4 (72.3) |
18.6 (65.5) |
13.4 (56.1) |
9.6 (49.3) |
16.6 (61.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.0 (41.0) |
5.4 (41.7) |
7.7 (45.9) |
10.6 (51.1) |
14.1 (57.4) |
18.5 (65.3) |
21.3 (70.3) |
21.3 (70.3) |
18.2 (64.8) |
14.5 (58.1) |
9.2 (48.6) |
5.6 (42.1) |
12.6 (54.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 38.4 (1.51) |
30.1 (1.19) |
37.8 (1.49) |
43.7 (1.72) |
71.2 (2.80) |
19.2 (0.76) |
22.2 (0.87) |
53.9 (2.12) |
63.2 (2.49) |
86.7 (3.41) |
53.0 (2.09) |
40.6 (1.60) |
560.0 (22.05) |
| Average precipitation days | 5.6 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 3.9 | 3.0 | 5.4 | 7.0 | 8.6 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 73.5 |
| Source: Climatebase.ru[39] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Barcelona - Fabra Observatory (1981-2010, altitude: 408 m.a.s.l., location) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 11.1 (52.0) |
12.5 (54.5) |
15.2 (59.4) |
17.2 (63.0) |
21.0 (69.8) |
25.2 (77.4) |
28.4 (83.1) |
28.3 (82.9) |
24.6 (76.3) |
20.1 (68.2) |
14.7 (58.5) |
11.8 (53.2) |
19.2 (66.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 8.2 (46.8) |
9.1 (48.4) |
11.4 (52.5) |
13.2 (55.8) |
16.8 (62.2) |
20.8 (69.4) |
23.8 (74.8) |
23.9 (75.0) |
20.7 (69.3) |
16.8 (62.2) |
11.8 (53.2) |
9.1 (48.4) |
15.5 (59.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.3 (41.5) |
5.7 (42.3) |
7.6 (45.7) |
9.1 (48.4) |
12.5 (54.5) |
16.4 (61.5) |
19.3 (66.7) |
19.5 (67.1) |
16.7 (62.1) |
13.4 (56.1) |
8.8 (47.8) |
6.4 (43.5) |
11.7 (53.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 50 (2.0) |
43 (1.7) |
44 (1.7) |
53 (2.1) |
58 (2.3) |
30 (1.2) |
24 (0.9) |
41 (1.6) |
75 (3.0) |
91 (3.6) |
66 (2.6) |
46 (1.8) |
621 (24.4) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 4.8 | 4.3 | 5.1 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 3.5 | 1.9 | 4.3 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 57.1 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 166 | 175 | 188 | 211 | 248 | 270 | 304 | 262 | 190 | 178 | 158 | 156 | 2,506 |
| Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[40] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Badalona , suburb joined to Barcelona | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 13.7 (56.7) |
14.1 (57.4) |
15.7 (60.3) |
17.4 (63.3) |
20.2 (68.4) |
23.7 (74.7) |
26.8 (80.2) |
27.9 (82.2) |
24.8 (76.6) |
21.5 (70.7) |
17.2 (63.0) |
14.4 (57.9) |
19.8 (67.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.1 (50.2) |
10.7 (51.3) |
12.5 (54.5) |
14.2 (57.6) |
17.4 (63.3) |
21.3 (70.3) |
24.3 (75.7) |
25.0 (77.0) |
21.8 (71.2) |
18.3 (64.9) |
13.7 (56.7) |
11.0 (51.8) |
16.7 (62.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 6.7 (44.1) |
7.2 (45.0) |
9.3 (48.7) |
11.0 (51.8) |
14.6 (58.3) |
18.6 (65.5) |
21.7 (71.1) |
21.8 (71.2) |
18.8 (65.8) |
15.1 (59.2) |
10.3 (50.5) |
7.6 (45.7) |
13.6 (56.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 43.8 (1.72) |
36.3 (1.43) |
36.3 (1.43) |
41.8 (1.65) |
49.7 (1.96) |
37.2 (1.46) |
25.2 (0.99) |
49.3 (1.94) |
78.4 (3.09) |
80.9 (3.19) |
54.4 (2.14) |
41.2 (1.62) |
575 (22.6) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 7.8 | 7.3 | 7.5 | 8.7 | 7.6 | 4.4 | 3.8 | 4.8 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 4.0 | 76 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 67 | 65 | 69 | 72 | 73 | 72 | 73 | 73 | 72 | 73 | 69 | 68 | 70 |
| Source: MeteoBDN[41] (1981-2010, 2009-2017 for precipitation days and humidity) | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Sant Adrià de Besòs, suburb joined to Barcelona (data from 1932-1970) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 13.5 (56.3) |
14.4 (57.9) |
16.7 (62.1) |
19.4 (66.9) |
22.2 (72.0) |
25.2 (77.4) |
29.0 (84.2) |
28.9 (84.0) |
26.9 (80.4) |
23.0 (73.4) |
17.0 (62.6) |
13.8 (56.8) |
20.8 (69.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 8.6 (47.5) |
9.2 (48.6) |
11.6 (52.9) |
14.2 (57.6) |
17.1 (62.8) |
20.4 (68.7) |
23.9 (75.0) |
23.9 (75.0) |
21.9 (71.4) |
17.8 (64.0) |
12.3 (54.1) |
9.4 (48.9) |
15.9 (60.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.7 (38.7) |
4.0 (39.2) |
6.6 (43.9) |
8.9 (48.0) |
12.0 (53.6) |
15.6 (60.1) |
18.8 (65.8) |
18.9 (66.0) |
16.9 (62.4) |
12.5 (54.5) |
7.6 (45.7) |
5.0 (41.0) |
10.9 (51.6) |
| Source: Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial[42] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for El Prat de Llobregat, suburb joined to Barcelona (data from 1935-1969) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 12.8 (55.0) |
13.8 (56.8) |
15.3 (59.5) |
17.8 (64.0) |
20.9 (69.6) |
24.6 (76.3) |
27.3 (81.1) |
27.4 (81.3) |
25.4 (77.7) |
21.5 (70.7) |
17.0 (62.6) |
13.7 (56.7) |
19.8 (67.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 8.4 (47.1) |
9.2 (48.6) |
11.2 (52.2) |
13.5 (56.3) |
16.4 (61.5) |
20.4 (68.7) |
23.0 (73.4) |
23.3 (73.9) |
21.4 (70.5) |
17.2 (63.0) |
12.7 (54.9) |
9.6 (49.3) |
15.5 (59.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.1 (39.4) |
4.5 (40.1) |
7.2 (45.0) |
9.2 (48.6) |
12.0 (53.6) |
16.3 (61.3) |
18.8 (65.8) |
19.2 (66.6) |
17.3 (63.1) |
13.0 (55.4) |
8.4 (47.1) |
5.4 (41.7) |
11.3 (52.3) |
| Source: Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial[43] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Mataró on the north-east of Barcelona (data from 1931-1969) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 14.0 (57.2) |
13.7 (56.7) |
15.8 (60.4) |
17.2 (63.0) |
20.3 (68.5) |
24.0 (75.2) |
26.8 (80.2) |
27.3 (81.1) |
25.1 (77.2) |
21.6 (70.9) |
16.9 (62.4) |
13.8 (56.8) |
19.7 (67.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.3 (50.5) |
10.2 (50.4) |
12.3 (54.1) |
14.0 (57.2) |
16.9 (62.4) |
20.7 (69.3) |
23.5 (74.3) |
23.9 (75.0) |
21.7 (71.1) |
18.0 (64.4) |
13.6 (56.5) |
10.6 (51.1) |
16.3 (61.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 6.7 (44.1) |
6.7 (44.1) |
8.9 (48.0) |
10.7 (51.3) |
13.5 (56.3) |
17.3 (63.1) |
20.2 (68.4) |
20.4 (68.7) |
18.2 (64.8) |
14.5 (58.1) |
10.4 (50.7) |
7.4 (45.3) |
12.9 (55.2) |
| Source: Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial[44] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Sabadell on the north of Barcelona, on the hills (elevation: 190 m), (data from 1938-1969) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 12.6 (54.7) |
14.2 (57.6) |
17.0 (62.6) |
19.6 (67.3) |
22.8 (73.0) |
26.8 (80.2) |
29.6 (85.3) |
29.1 (84.4) |
26.3 (79.3) |
21.9 (71.4) |
16.7 (62.1) |
12.9 (55.2) |
20.8 (69.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.5 (45.5) |
8.8 (47.8) |
11.2 (52.2) |
13.6 (56.5) |
16.8 (62.2) |
20.6 (69.1) |
23.5 (74.3) |
23.3 (73.9) |
20.9 (69.6) |
16.5 (61.7) |
11.5 (52.7) |
8.1 (46.6) |
15.2 (59.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.4 (36.3) |
3.4 (38.1) |
5.4 (41.7) |
7.6 (45.7) |
10.8 (51.4) |
14.5 (58.1) |
17.5 (63.5) |
17.6 (63.7) |
15.5 (59.9) |
11.1 (52.0) |
6.4 (43.5) |
3.4 (38.1) |
9.6 (49.3) |
| Source: Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial[45] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Caldes de Montbui on the north-west of Barcelona, on the hills (elevation: 203 m (666 ft), data from 1941-1969) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 13.3 (55.9) |
14.7 (58.5) |
17.7 (63.9) |
20.5 (68.9) |
23.7 (74.7) |
27.7 (81.9) |
30.9 (87.6) |
29.9 (85.8) |
27.4 (81.3) |
23.0 (73.4) |
17.6 (63.7) |
13.6 (56.5) |
21.7 (71.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.7 (44.1) |
7.8 (46.0) |
10.6 (51.1) |
13.1 (55.6) |
16.3 (61.3) |
20.2 (68.4) |
23.3 (73.9) |
23.0 (73.4) |
20.6 (69.1) |
16.2 (61.2) |
11.0 (51.8) |
7.5 (45.5) |
14.7 (58.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
0.9 (33.6) |
3.6 (38.5) |
5.7 (42.3) |
8.9 (48.0) |
12.8 (55.0) |
15.7 (60.3) |
16.2 (61.2) |
13.8 (56.8) |
9.5 (49.1) |
4.4 (39.9) |
1.5 (34.7) |
7.8 (46.0) |
| Source: Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial[46] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Martorell on the west of Barcelona in the depths of the land (elevation: 56 m, data from 1964-1970) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 11.6 (52.9) |
12.8 (55.0) |
16.3 (61.3) |
20.7 (69.3) |
25.8 (78.4) |
29.5 (85.1) |
33.0 (91.4) |
31.3 (88.3) |
26.3 (79.3) |
21.2 (70.2) |
15.0 (59.0) |
10.8 (51.4) |
21.2 (70.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.8 (44.2) |
7.6 (45.7) |
10.4 (50.7) |
14.1 (57.4) |
18.4 (65.1) |
21.9 (71.4) |
25.4 (77.7) |
24.8 (76.6) |
20.8 (69.4) |
16.2 (61.2) |
10.2 (50.4) |
6.6 (43.9) |
15.3 (59.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.1 (35.8) |
2.4 (36.3) |
4.6 (40.3) |
7.5 (45.5) |
11.1 (52.0) |
14.3 (57.7) |
17.9 (64.2) |
18.4 (65.1) |
15.4 (59.7) |
11.1 (52.0) |
5.5 (41.9) |
2.5 (36.5) |
9.4 (48.9) |
| Source: Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial[47] | |||||||||||||
See also
[edit]Climate in other places in Iberian Peninsula:
- Climate of Valencia
- Climate of Madrid
- Climate of Bilbao
- Climate of Lisbon
- Climate of Porto
- Climate of Spain
- Climate of Gibraltar
References
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