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{{Short description|Thai Buddhist Temple in Southern part of Nakhon Phanom, Thailand}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{more references|date=July 2019}}
[[File:Prathatphanom 03.jpg|right|thumb|Wat Phra That Phanom]]
[[File:Tiger-Croc.JPG|thumb|Painting of proverb at the temple, "Flee the tiger and find a crocodile."]]
'''Wat Phra That Phanom''' ({{lang-th|วัดพระธาตุพนม}}) is a [[wat|temple]] in the [[That Phanom District]] in the southern part of [[Nakhon Phanom Province]], northeastern Thailand. According to legend, the temple contains the Buddha's breast bone, and as such, it is one of the most important [[Theravada|Theravada Buddhist]] structures in the region. Each year, a festival is held at That Phanom to honor the temple. The week-long festival attracts thousands of people who make pilgrimages to honor the shrine.


{{Infobox religious building
In Thai folk Buddhism, Wat Phra That Phanom is a popular pilgrimage destination for those born in the [[Monkey (zodiac)|year of the Monkey]].
| name = Wat Phra That Phanom
| native_name = วัดพระธาตุพนม
| native_name_lang = Thai
| religious_affiliation = [[Theravada]] [[Buddhism]]
| image = Wat Phra That Phanom.jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| alt =
| caption = Main Pagoda
| map_type =
| coordinates =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location within Bangkok
| location = [[That Phanom District]], [[Nakhon Phanom Province]], [[Thailand]]
| deity =
| province =
| country =
| functional_status =
| website =
| founded_by =
| year_completed =
}}
'''Wat Phra That Phanom''' ({{langx|th|วัดพระธาตุพนม}}) is a Buddhist temple in the [[That Phanom District]] in the south of [[Nakhon Phanom Province]], all within the [[Isan|Isan region]] of [[Thailand]] near the [[Laos|Lao]] border. According to local legend, the temple contains in the pagoda the Phra Uranghathat (พระอุรังคธาตุ)/Phra Ura (พระอุระ)/Buddha's breast bones. As such, it is one of the most important structures for [[Theravada|Theravada Buddhists]] and the most important Buddhist site in the province, with an annual week-long festival being held in the town of That Phanom to honour the temple. These festival attract thousands of people who make pilgrimages to the shrine.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Phra That Phanom |url=https://www.tourismthailand.org/Attraction/phra-that-phanom |access-date=2023-05-23 |website=www.tourismthailand.org |language=en}}</ref> In Thai folk Buddhism, Wat Phra That Phanom is a popular pilgrimage destination for those born in the [[Monkey (zodiac)|year of the Monkey]].


The temple contains a number of paintings illustrating traditional Thai proverbs.
The temple contains a number of paintings illustrating traditional Thai proverbs.

==History==
==History==
[[File:Voyage d'exploration en Indo-Chine - 1885 Francis Garmier 09.jpg|thumb|Drawing of Phra That Phanom by Louis Marie Joseph Delaporte, 1870-1875]]
[[File:Voyage d'exploration en Indo-Chine - 1885 Francis Garmier 09.jpg|thumb|Drawing of Phra That Phanom by Louis Marie Joseph Delaporte, 1870-1875]]
The ''That Phanom Chronicle'' documented that the Phra That Phanom stupa was first constructed 8 years after the Buddha's passing by the five kings of the Mon kingdom, known as ''Sri Gotupura''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/57571|title=The That Phanom Chronicle: A Shrine History and Its Interpretation.|last=Pruess|first=James|publisher=Cornell University|year=1976|location=Ithaca, New York}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=seglAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA328|title=Historical Dictionary of Laos|author=Martin Stuart-Fox|date=6 February 2008|page=328|isbn=9780810864115|access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/57571|title=The That Phanom chronicle : a shrine history and its interpretation|author=Phra Thep Rattanamoli|date=1976|access-date=27 February 2021}}</ref>{{rp|6,7}}<ref>{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bCMgBlhtm8sC|title=Culture and Customs of Laos|date=2009|first=Arne|last=Kislenko|access-date=26 February 2021|page=19|isbn=9780313339776}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://vietlongtravel.com/news/laos-history/the-mon-and-khmer-kingdoms|title=The Mon and Khmer Kingdoms|access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref> However, archaeological findings suggest that the earliest structure found dates back to the 7th or 8th century CE.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6183/ |title=Tentative Lists Phra That Phanom, its related historic buildings and associated landscape |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=2023-05-03}}</ref>
It was originally built in the 16th century by the Laotian King [[Setthathirath]] of [[Lan Xang]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/57571|title=The That Phanom Chronicle: A Shrine History and Its Interpretation.|last=Pruess|first=James|publisher=Cornell University|year=1976|location=Ithaca, New York}}</ref>

However, According to legend, the first temple structures were built here a few years after the death of the Buddha by five Kings of the [[Mon people|Mon]] kingdom known as Sri Gotupura ({{lang-lo|ສີໂຄດຕະບອງ}} {{transl|lo|Sikhottabong}}, {{lang-th|ศรีโคตรบูรณ์}} {{transl|th|Sri Kotrabun}})<ref>{{cite|url=https://books.google.co.th/books?id=seglAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA328&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Historical Dictionary of Laos|author=Martin Stuart-Fox|page=328|access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/57571|title=The That Phanom chronicle : a shrine history and its interpretation|author=Phra Thep Rattanamoli|date=1976|access-date=27 February 2021}}</ref>{{rp|6,7}}<ref>{{cite|url=https://books.google.co.th/books?id=bCMgBlhtm8sC&printsec=frontcover&hl=th&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Culture and Customs of Laos|date=2009|first=Arne|last=Kislenko|access-date=26 February 2021|page=19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://vietlongtravel.com/news/laos-history/the-mon-and-khmer-kingdoms|title=The Mon and Khmer Kingdoms|access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref> The chedi is said to be built during the 10th century at a height of around eight meters. At the end of the 17th century the chedi was reconstructed and raised to about 47 meters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.renown-travel.com/temples/wat-phra-that-phanom.html|title=Wat Phra That Phanom|access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://architectureofbuddhism.com/books/wat-pratat-phanom-sacred-gem-thailands-northeast/|title=Wat Phra That Phanom, Sacred Gem of Thailand’s Northeast|date=29 August 2014|author=Wanweena|access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref>It fell down in 1975, caused by heavy rain and strong storms for several days, but was rebuilt with funds raised by public subscription, and from the royal thai government.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/mekongjournal/article/view/107140/84781|title=That Phanom Stupa: Spiritual Space and Invented Traditions in Present-Day Northeastern Thailand|page=9|access-date=26 February 2021|date=27 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.udonthaniattractions.com/wat-phrathat-phanom-that-phanom-nakhon-phanom.html|title=Temples Near Udon Thani - Wat Phrathat Phanom, That Phanom, Nakhon Phanom|access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.silpa-mag.com/history/article_11148|title=45 ปี พระธาตุพนมล้ม สู่ การรอเป็นมรดกโลก|access-date=26 February 2021|date=21 August 2020|lang=th}}</ref>
According to local legend, the Buddha told [[Mahākāśyapa|Mahakasyapa]], one of his principal disciples, that once he died, Mahakasyapa was to bring his breast bones to 'Phu Kampra to allow Buddhism to continue on. Then in 525 B.C, Mahakasyapa then decided on constructing a temple on Phu Kampra. Joined by 500 [[Arhat|Arhats]] and 5 Phrayas, they built the Phra That Phanom stupa primarily from clay and once completed, the Buddha's breastbones were brought over from [[India]] and placed inside.<ref name=":0" />

The pagoda is believed to have been built before the 1100s with its original Khmer design. However years of being part Lao kingdoms led to several renovations which created the current pagoda in a Lao style.<ref name=":0" /> In 1690, the pagoda was restored and raised to about 47 meters, and then by a further 10 meters in 1940.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.renown-travel.com/temples/wat-phra-that-phanom.html|title=Wat Phra That Phanom|access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://architectureofbuddhism.com/books/wat-pratat-phanom-sacred-gem-thailands-northeast/|title=Wat Phra That Phanom, Sacred Gem of Thailand's Northeast|date=29 August 2014|author=Wanweena|access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

In 1935, the complex was registered as an ancient monument for preservation by the [[Fine Arts Department|Fine Arts Department of Thailand]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=Phra That Phanom, its related historic buildings and associated landscape |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6183/ |access-date=2023-05-23 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref>

In March 1975, an earthquake caused cracks to appear. On 11 August 1975 at 7:38 p.m, the entire pagoda collapsed due to several days of heavy rain. it was rebuilt with funds raised by public subscription and from the [[Royal Thai Government]], which was completed on 23 March 1979.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/mekongjournal/article/view/107140/84781|title=That Phanom Stupa: Spiritual Space and Invented Traditions in Present-Day Northeastern Thailand|journal=Journal of Mekong Societies|access-date=26 February 2021|date=27 December 2017|volume=13|issue=3|pages=19–39|last1=Hongsuwan|first1=Pathom}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.udonthaniattractions.com/wat-phrathat-phanom-that-phanom-nakhon-phanom.html|title=Temples Near Udon Thani - Wat Phrathat Phanom, That Phanom, Nakhon Phanom|access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.silpa-mag.com/history/article_11148|title=45 ปี พระธาตุพนมล้ม สู่ การรอเป็นมรดกโลก|access-date=26 February 2021|date=21 August 2020|lang=th}}</ref> Then current king [[Bhumibol Adulyadej|Bhumibol]] and [[Sirikit|Queen Sirikit]] along with other royal members visited the site when the Buddha's relics were re-installed. Many valuables were placed inside during its rebuilding and a 110 kilogram gold sphere was added on top the pagoda. Buddhists from Laos also participated, placing many valuable items from Vientiane within, such as [[Lan Xang]] style golden seven-tiered umbrella.<ref name=":0" /> To help protect the temple,
[[File:Wat Pha Tat Phanom.JPG|thumb|Buddhist Monks in the complex]]
around 4 hectares around the front part were included into the register to further help preserve the site. This is called the 'Buddha Area'.<ref name=":1" />

== Architecture ==
The 53-meters tall square pagoda was originally made in a Khmer style when it was first created before the 12th century. However renovations when it was under Lao control led to it having its current Lao pagoda design. The stupa's unique architectural style combines [[Dvaravati]], Khmer, and Cham art.<ref>{{cite web |author=Kesinee SRIWONGSA |date=2020-06-12 |title=THE STUDY OF IMPORTANCE OF PRA THAT PHANOM THROUGH ITS REPLICA |url=http://www.sure.su.ac.th/xmlui/handle/123456789/25244?attempt=2& |access-date=2023-05-03 |publisher=Silpakorn University}}</ref> The architectural style of the temple inspired other temple designs in the area.<ref name=":1" />


==See also==
==See also==
Line 20: Line 53:
* [[Wat Thung Setthi]]
* [[Wat Thung Setthi]]
* [[Wat Photharam, Maha Sarakham]]
* [[Wat Photharam, Maha Sarakham]]
* [[Phra That Choeng Chum]]


==References==
==References==
Line 25: Line 59:


==External links==
==External links==
{{commonscat|Wat Phra Tat Phanom}}
{{commonscat|Wat Phra That Phanom}}
*[http://www.thaiworldview.com/lao/isan15.htm THAT PHANOM]
*[http://www.thaiworldview.com/lao/isan15.htm THAT PHANOM]
*[http://www.sacredsites.com/asia/thailand/that_phanom.html PLACES OF PEACE AND POWER: That Phanom, Thailand]
*[http://www.sacredsites.com/asia/thailand/that_phanom.html PLACES OF PEACE AND POWER: That Phanom, Thailand]
Line 31: Line 65:
{{coord|16|56|36.24|N|104|43|33.59|E|type:landmark_region:TH-73|display=title}}
{{coord|16|56|36.24|N|104|43|33.59|E|type:landmark_region:TH-73|display=title}}


[[Category:Buddhist temples in Nakhon Phanom Province|Phra That Phanom]]
[[Category:Buddhist temples in Nakhon Phanom province|Phra That Phanom]]
[[Category:Stupas in Thailand|Phra That Phanom]]
[[Category:Stupas in Thailand|Phra That Phanom]]
[[Category:16th-century Buddhist temples]]
[[Category:16th-century Buddhist temples]]

Latest revision as of 08:51, 24 October 2024

Wat Phra That Phanom
วัดพระธาตุพนม
Main Pagoda
Religion
AffiliationTheravada Buddhism
Location
LocationThat Phanom District, Nakhon Phanom Province, Thailand

Wat Phra That Phanom (Thai: วัดพระธาตุพนม) is a Buddhist temple in the That Phanom District in the south of Nakhon Phanom Province, all within the Isan region of Thailand near the Lao border. According to local legend, the temple contains in the pagoda the Phra Uranghathat (พระอุรังคธาตุ)/Phra Ura (พระอุระ)/Buddha's breast bones. As such, it is one of the most important structures for Theravada Buddhists and the most important Buddhist site in the province, with an annual week-long festival being held in the town of That Phanom to honour the temple. These festival attract thousands of people who make pilgrimages to the shrine.[1] In Thai folk Buddhism, Wat Phra That Phanom is a popular pilgrimage destination for those born in the year of the Monkey.

The temple contains a number of paintings illustrating traditional Thai proverbs.

History

[edit]
Drawing of Phra That Phanom by Louis Marie Joseph Delaporte, 1870-1875

The That Phanom Chronicle documented that the Phra That Phanom stupa was first constructed 8 years after the Buddha's passing by the five kings of the Mon kingdom, known as Sri Gotupura.[2][3][4]: 6, 7 [5][6] However, archaeological findings suggest that the earliest structure found dates back to the 7th or 8th century CE.[7]

According to local legend, the Buddha told Mahakasyapa, one of his principal disciples, that once he died, Mahakasyapa was to bring his breast bones to 'Phu Kampra to allow Buddhism to continue on. Then in 525 B.C, Mahakasyapa then decided on constructing a temple on Phu Kampra. Joined by 500 Arhats and 5 Phrayas, they built the Phra That Phanom stupa primarily from clay and once completed, the Buddha's breastbones were brought over from India and placed inside.[1]

The pagoda is believed to have been built before the 1100s with its original Khmer design. However years of being part Lao kingdoms led to several renovations which created the current pagoda in a Lao style.[1] In 1690, the pagoda was restored and raised to about 47 meters, and then by a further 10 meters in 1940.[8][9][1]

In 1935, the complex was registered as an ancient monument for preservation by the Fine Arts Department of Thailand.[10]

In March 1975, an earthquake caused cracks to appear. On 11 August 1975 at 7:38 p.m, the entire pagoda collapsed due to several days of heavy rain. it was rebuilt with funds raised by public subscription and from the Royal Thai Government, which was completed on 23 March 1979.[11][12][13] Then current king Bhumibol and Queen Sirikit along with other royal members visited the site when the Buddha's relics were re-installed. Many valuables were placed inside during its rebuilding and a 110 kilogram gold sphere was added on top the pagoda. Buddhists from Laos also participated, placing many valuable items from Vientiane within, such as Lan Xang style golden seven-tiered umbrella.[1] To help protect the temple,

Buddhist Monks in the complex

around 4 hectares around the front part were included into the register to further help preserve the site. This is called the 'Buddha Area'.[10]

Architecture

[edit]

The 53-meters tall square pagoda was originally made in a Khmer style when it was first created before the 12th century. However renovations when it was under Lao control led to it having its current Lao pagoda design. The stupa's unique architectural style combines Dvaravati, Khmer, and Cham art.[14] The architectural style of the temple inspired other temple designs in the area.[10]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e "Phra That Phanom". www.tourismthailand.org. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  2. ^ Pruess, James (1976). The That Phanom Chronicle: A Shrine History and Its Interpretation. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University.
  3. ^ Martin Stuart-Fox (6 February 2008), Historical Dictionary of Laos, p. 328, ISBN 9780810864115, retrieved 26 February 2021
  4. ^ Phra Thep Rattanamoli (1976). "The That Phanom chronicle : a shrine history and its interpretation". Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  5. ^ Kislenko, Arne (2009), Culture and Customs of Laos, p. 19, ISBN 9780313339776, retrieved 26 February 2021
  6. ^ "The Mon and Khmer Kingdoms". Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  7. ^ "Tentative Lists Phra That Phanom, its related historic buildings and associated landscape". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  8. ^ "Wat Phra That Phanom". Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  9. ^ Wanweena (29 August 2014). "Wat Phra That Phanom, Sacred Gem of Thailand's Northeast". Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  10. ^ a b c Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Phra That Phanom, its related historic buildings and associated landscape". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  11. ^ Hongsuwan, Pathom (27 December 2017). "That Phanom Stupa: Spiritual Space and Invented Traditions in Present-Day Northeastern Thailand". Journal of Mekong Societies. 13 (3): 19–39. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  12. ^ "Temples Near Udon Thani - Wat Phrathat Phanom, That Phanom, Nakhon Phanom". Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  13. ^ "45 ปี พระธาตุพนมล้ม สู่ การรอเป็นมรดกโลก" (in Thai). 21 August 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  14. ^ Kesinee SRIWONGSA (12 June 2020). "THE STUDY OF IMPORTANCE OF PRA THAT PHANOM THROUGH ITS REPLICA". Silpakorn University. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
[edit]
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