Blauer Enzian: Difference between revisions

Route map
	Routes of Blauer Enzian: TEE 1970 (red), IC 1979 (blue), EC 1991 (green)

Blauer Enzian
	DB Class 103 on the Munich–Rosenheim railway
Overview
Service type	EuroCity (EC) (1987–2002, 2017–); Former:; InterCity (IC) (1979–1987); Trans Europ Express (TEE) (1965–1979); Fernschnellzug (F) (1951–1965);
Status	Active
Locale	Germany; Austria
First service	1951
Former operator(s)	ÖBB; Former:; Deutsche Bundesbahn /; Deutsche Bahn (DB)
Route
Termini	Frankfurt (Main) Hbf (since 2017); Former:; Dortmund Hbf (1979-2002); Hamburg-Altona (1951-1979); Klagenfurt Hbf (since 1969); Former:; Zell am See (1970-1973); München Hbf (1951-1969)
Service frequency	Daily
Train number(s)	EC 112/113 (since 2017); Former:; EC 114/115 (1991-2002); EC 20/21 (1987-1991)
Technical
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
Electrification	15 kV AC, 16.7 Hz; (Germany, Austria)
Route map
Route map
	Routes of Blauer Enzian: TEE 1970 (red), IC 1979 (blue), EC 1991 (green)

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The Blauer Enzian is a named express train service that currently runs between Frankfurt in Germany and Klagenfurt in Austria. Introduced in 1951, it originally ran via the German North–South railway line between Hamburg and Munich. Labelled as an international Trans Europ Express (TEE) train, it also linked with Zell am See and Klagenfurt in Austria from 1969. Trains were operated by the Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB) and its Deutsche Bahn successor, from 1970 also by the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB).

The train's classification and formation (consist) varied over time. Since 1981, trains run from Dortmund to Klagenfurt, categorised as EuroCity service from 1987. It ceased to be a named train in 2002, but was revived in 2017 as an ÖBB EuroCity from Frankfurt to Klagenfurt, with through coaches onwards to Zagreb in Croatia.

Name

In 1953 the train was named after the mountain flower Blue Gentian (blau, German for blue, and Enzian, the German vernacular for Gentian, species Gentiana verna; German: Frühlings-Enzian).^[1]^[2] The name was the result of a prize competition initiated by Deutsche Bundesbahn among its passengers. Similar to the Edelweiss express train service introduced in 1928, it was associated with alpinism and the Alps.

Route

Over the years, the Blauer Enzian's termini and route were altered so significantly that there is no section of line over which it always travelled. However, the train always either originated, terminated, or reversed direction, at München Hauptbahnhof.

Fernzug

In 1951, the West German Deutsche Bundesbahn announced the introduction of the Blauer Enzian as part of the then-new Fernzug network.^[3] It originally was planned that the North-South train would begin service on 1 July 1951, as FT 55/56. However, the FernTriebwagen (long-distance multiple unit) trainsets planned for the new service were not yet available by then, and the train instead entered service in autumn 1951 or later with normal carriages.^[4]

The route of the F 55/56 express train, from Hamburg-Altona station to München Hauptbahnhof, included that of the first German high-speed railway, built later. Initially the train consisted of pre-war streamlined Reichsbahn Schürzenwagen carriages and a UIC-X prototype, hauled by steam locomotives of class 01 and diesel locomotives of class V 200,^[3] on electrified sections also by E 10 and pre-war DRG E 18 locomotives. In 1953 Deutsche Bundesbahn also performed extensive practical trials using a US EMD MRS-1 diesel-electric locomotive.

From December 1953 until 1959 the former Henschel-Wegmann Train was used,^[5] which was extensively restored including an observation car and former Rheingold 1928 diners. A second adjusted Blauer Enzian train was specifically built for the service running in the opposite direction.

Trans Europ Express

After the electrification of the railway lines around Hamburg in 1965, the Blauer Enzian was upgraded to a domestic Trans Europ Express.^[6] The train began using TEE coaches hauled by the prototypes of the class E 03 (later class 103) high-speed locomotives. In 1968, the Blauer Enzian was the first German train with a scheduled operating speed of 200 km/h.

In 1969, through coaches to Austria were introduced,^[7] with a final destination of Klagenfurt Hauptbahnhof via Salzburg and the Tauern Railway line. These cars were hauled by an ordinary express train south of Munich, still called Blauer Enzian and first-class-only, but not designated as a TEE.^[8]

In 1970, the full Trans Europ Express route renumbered TEE 80/81 was extended to Austria and the train was split in Rosenheim, with one part going to Klagenfurt and the other to Zell am See via Kufstein and Wörgl.^[9] Although the Zell am See service had disappointing passenger numbers, it remained^[6] in the timetable to serve the expected tourists related to the 1972 Summer Olympics. In 1973, the Zell am See service was withdrawn.

In the late 1970s, the Blauer Enzian was one of only three TEE trains running within Austria, the others being the Mediolanum and the Prinz Eugen.^[10] Until 1977, the TEE Bavaria also ran through Austria, but for a distance of less than 20 km.

Intercity/EuroCity

On 27 May 1979, the Blauer Enzian was downgraded^[11] to a two-class Intercity, no longer serving Hamburg, but instead, running southbound as Dortmund – Munich – Klagenfurt and northbound as Klagenfurt – Munich – Dortmund – Braunschweig.^[12] The TEE service between Hamburg and Munich was taken over by the TEE Diamant.^[12]^[13] By 1981, the northbound route was also terminating in Dortmund.

On 31 May 1987, the Blauer Enzian became part of the newly introduced international EuroCity network,^[11] with train number EC20 northbound and EC21 southbound^[14] (later renumbered EC12/13).^[15] Interesting was the change of through coaches among EC Blauer Enzian, EXP Dachstein (Lindau–Graz–Lindau), EC Transalpin (Basel–Vienna/Graz/Klagenfurt) in summer 1990, in Schwarzach St Veit and Bischofshofen. The EC Blauer Enzian conveyed through coaches Dortmund–Klagenfurt/Graz/Lubljana.

Until the opening of the first German high-speed railway on 2 June 1991, the route remained unchanged. On 2 June 1991, the route between Mainz and Augsburg was changed, to run via Mannheim, Heidelberg, and Stuttgart instead of Frankfurt, Nuremberg, and Würzburg – but still running Dortmund–Klagenfurt overall – and the train was renumbered to EC114 northbound and EC115 southbound.^[15] The name Blauer Enzian was abandoned from 14 December 2002.

The name was revived in 2017 for the Frankfurt to Klagenfurt service, EC 112/113. This train meets the EC 212/213 Mimara at Villach and exchanges through coaches for services onwards to Ljubljana and Zagreb.^[16]^[17] The Dortmund to Klagenfurt service, still numbered EC 114/115, was renamed Wörthersee.

References

Notes

^ TEE, p. 24.
^ Struwe, Lena. "Geographic places, companies, and other things named after gentians". Gentian Research Network. Rutgers University. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
^ ^a ^b TEE Züge in Deutschland, p. 109.
^ TEE Züge in Deutschland, p. 110.
^ TEE Züge in Deutschland p. 110.
^ ^a ^b Das grosse TEE Buch, p. 82
^ La Légende des TEE, p. 236.
^ "Stop Press" (changes taking effect). Cooks Continental Timetable (June 1969 edition), p. 6; also pp. 64, 314, 329. London: Thomas Cook Publishing.
^ TEE Züge in Deutschland, p. 111.
^ Nock, O.S. (1978). "Trans-Europe Expresses", in World Atlas of Railways, pp. 86–87. New York: Mayflower Books (original publisher: Artists House, London, UK). ISBN 0-8317-9500-X.
^ ^a ^b La Légende des TEE, p. 238.
^ ^a ^b Thomas Cook International Timetable (May 27–June 30, 1979 edition), pp. 6, 68, 340, 355, 361. Peterborough, UK: Thomas Cook Publishing.
^ La Légende des TEE, p. 382.
^ Thomas Cook Continental Timetable (May 31–June 30, 1987 edition), pp. 68, 472, 476. Thomas Cook Publishing.
^ ^a ^b Thomas Cook European Timetable (April 1991 edition), pp. 81–82, 516–519. Thomas Cook Publishing.
^ "EC 113 Blauer Enzien". vagonWEB. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
^ "Kurswagen von Frankfurt nach Zagreb: Zwei Züge, aber kein Umstieg". traintracks.eu. 21 July 2018. Retrieved 11 September 2018.

Bibliography

UIC (1972). TEE (in Dutch). Paris: Union International des Chemins de Fer.
Hajt, Jörg (2001). Das grosse TEE Buch (in German). Bonn/Königswinter: Heel Verlag. ISBN 3-89365-948-X.
Goette, Peter (2008). TEE-Züge in Deutschland (in German). Freiburg: EK-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-88255-698-8.
Mertens, Maurice; Malaspina, Jean-Pierre (2007). La Légende des Trans Europ Express (in French). Vannes: LR Presse. ISBN 978-29-036514-5-9.

[1] TEE, p. 24.

[2] Struwe, Lena. "Geographic places, companies, and other things named after gentians". Gentian Research Network. Rutgers University. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2013.

[ReferenceA-3] TEE Züge in Deutschland, p. 109.

[4] TEE Züge in Deutschland, p. 110.

[5] TEE Züge in Deutschland p. 110.

[ReferenceB-6] Das grosse TEE Buch, p. 82

[7] La Légende des TEE, p. 236.

[cooks1969jun-8] "Stop Press" (changes taking effect). Cooks Continental Timetable (June 1969 edition), p. 6; also pp. 64, 314, 329. London: Thomas Cook Publishing.

[9] TEE Züge in Deutschland, p. 111.

[nock1978-10] Nock, O.S. (1978). "Trans-Europe Expresses", in World Atlas of Railways, pp. 86–87. New York: Mayflower Books (original publisher: Artists House, London, UK). ISBN 0-8317-9500-X.

[ReferenceC-11] La Légende des TEE, p. 238.

[cooks1979jun-12] Thomas Cook International Timetable (May 27–June 30, 1979 edition), pp. 6, 68, 340, 355, 361. Peterborough, UK: Thomas Cook Publishing.

[13] La Légende des TEE, p. 382.

[cooks1987jun-14] Thomas Cook Continental Timetable (May 31–June 30, 1987 edition), pp. 68, 472, 476. Thomas Cook Publishing.

[cooks1991apr-15] Thomas Cook European Timetable (April 1991 edition), pp. 81–82, 516–519. Thomas Cook Publishing.

[16] "EC 113 Blauer Enzien". vagonWEB. Retrieved 11 September 2018.

[17] "Kurswagen von Frankfurt nach Zagreb: Zwei Züge, aber kein Umstieg". traintracks.eu. 21 July 2018. Retrieved 11 September 2018.

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@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 | image_width     = 270px
 | caption         = DB Class 103 on the [[Munich–Rosenheim railway]]
-| type            = [[EuroCity]] (EC) (1987–2002, 2017–)<br><small>Former:<br />[[InterCity]] (IC) (1979–1987)<br>[[Trans Europ Express]] (TEE) (1965–1979)<br>[[Schnellzug#Fernzug .28F.29|Fernschnellzug]] (F) (1951–1965)<br></small>
+| type            = [[EuroCity]] (EC) (1987–2002, 2017–)<br /><small>Former:<br />[[InterCity]] (IC) (1979–1987)<br />[[Trans Europ Express]] (TEE) (1965–1979)<br />[[Schnellzug#Fernzug .28F.29|Fernschnellzug]] (F) (1951–1965)<br /></small>
 | status          = Active
-| locale          = [[Germany]]<br>[[Austria]]
+| locale          = [[Germany]]<br />[[Austria]]
 | predecessor     =
 | first           = {{start date|1951<!--|09|28|df=y-->}}
@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 | successor       =
 | operator        =
-| formeroperator  = [[Austrian Federal Railways|ÖBB]]<br/><small>Former:<br />[[Deutsche Bundesbahn]] /<br>[[Deutsche Bahn]] (DB)</small>
+| formeroperator  = [[Austrian Federal Railways|ÖBB]]<br/><small>Former:<br />[[Deutsche Bundesbahn]] /<br />[[Deutsche Bahn]] (DB)</small>
 | ridership       =
 | start           = [[Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof|Frankfurt (Main) Hbf]] (since 2017)<br/><small>Former:<br />[[Dortmund Hauptbahnhof|Dortmund Hbf]] (1979-2002)<br/>[[Hamburg-Altona station|Hamburg-Altona]] (1951-1979)</small>
@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 | stock           =
 | gauge           = {{RailGauge|sg}}
-| el              = 15 [[Volt|kV]] [[Alternating current|AC]], 16.7 [[Hertz|Hz]]<br>(Germany, Austria)
+| el              = 15 [[Volt|kV]] [[Alternating current|AC]], 16.7 [[Hertz|Hz]]<br />(Germany, Austria)
 | speed           =
 | owners          =
@@ Line 51: / Line 51: @@
 ==Name==
-In 1953 the train was named after the [[Alpine plant|mountain flower]] Blue Gentian (''blau'', German for blue, and ''Enzian'', the German vernacular for [[Gentiana|Gentian]], species ''[[Gentiana verna]]''; {{lang-de|Frühlings-Enzian|Frühlings-Enzian}}).<ref>[[#UIC|TEE]], p.&nbsp;24.</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Struwe|first=Lena|title=Geographic places, companies, and other things named after gentians|url=http://gentian.rutgers.edu/ethno_namedthings.htm|work=Gentian Research Network|publisher=[[Rutgers University]]|accessdate=1 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304022942/http://gentian.rutgers.edu/ethno_namedthings.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The name was the result of a prize competition initiated by Deutsche Bundesbahn among its passengers. Similar to the ''[[Edelweiss (train)|Edelweiss]]'' express train service introduced in 1928, it was associated with [[alpinism]] and the [[Alps]].
+In 1953 the train was named after the [[Alpine plant|mountain flower]] Blue Gentian (''blau'', German for blue, and ''Enzian'', the German vernacular for [[Gentiana|Gentian]], species ''[[Gentiana verna]]''; {{langx|de|Frühlings-Enzian}}).<ref>[[#UIC|TEE]], p.&nbsp;24.</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Struwe|first=Lena|title=Geographic places, companies, and other things named after gentians|url=http://gentian.rutgers.edu/ethno_namedthings.htm|work=Gentian Research Network|publisher=[[Rutgers University]]|access-date=1 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304022942/http://gentian.rutgers.edu/ethno_namedthings.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> The name was the result of a prize competition initiated by Deutsche Bundesbahn among its passengers. Similar to the ''[[Edelweiss (train)|Edelweiss]]'' express train service introduced in 1928, it was associated with [[alpinism]] and the [[Alps]].
 ==Route==
@@ Line 77: / Line 77: @@
 On 27 May 1979, the ''Blauer Enzian'' was downgraded<ref name="ReferenceC">[[#TEEFR|La Légende des TEE]], p.&nbsp;238.</ref> to a two-class [[Intercity (Deutsche Bahn)|Intercity]], no longer serving Hamburg, but instead, running southbound as [[Dortmund Hauptbahnhof|Dortmund]] – Munich – Klagenfurt and northbound as Klagenfurt – Munich – Dortmund – [[Braunschweig Hauptbahnhof|Braunschweig]].<ref name="cooks1979jun">''[[Thomas Cook European Timetable|Thomas Cook International Timetable]]'' (May 27–June 30, 1979 edition), pp. 6, 68, 340, 355, 361. Peterborough, UK: [[Thomas Cook Group|Thomas Cook Publishing]].</ref> The TEE service between Hamburg and Munich was taken over by the TEE ''Diamant''.<ref name="cooks1979jun"/><ref>[[#TEEFR|La Légende des TEE]], p.&nbsp;382.</ref>  By 1981, the northbound route was also terminating in Dortmund.
-On 31 May 1987, the ''Blauer Enzian'' became part of the newly introduced international [[EuroCity]] network,<ref name="ReferenceC"/> with train number EC20 northbound and EC21 southbound<ref name="cooks1987jun">''[[Thomas Cook European Timetable|Thomas Cook Continental Timetable]]'' (May 31–June 30, 1987 edition), pp. 68, 472, 476. Thomas Cook Publishing.</ref> (later renumbered EC12/13).<ref name="cooks1991apr">''[[Thomas Cook European Timetable]]'' (April 1991 edition), pp. 81–82, 516–519. Thomas Cook Publishing.</ref> Interesting was the change of through coaches among EC Blauer Enzian, EXP Dachstein (Lindau-Graz-Lindau), EC Transalpin (Basel-Wien/Graz/Klagenfurt) in summer 1990, in Schwarzach St Veit and Bischofshofen. The EC Blauer Enzian conveyed through coaches Dortmund-Klagenfurt/Graz/Lubljana.
+On 31 May 1987, the ''Blauer Enzian'' became part of the newly introduced international [[EuroCity]] network,<ref name="ReferenceC"/> with train number EC20 northbound and EC21 southbound<ref name="cooks1987jun">''[[Thomas Cook European Timetable|Thomas Cook Continental Timetable]]'' (May 31–June 30, 1987 edition), pp. 68, 472, 476. Thomas Cook Publishing.</ref> (later renumbered EC12/13).<ref name="cooks1991apr">''[[Thomas Cook European Timetable]]'' (April 1991 edition), pp. 81–82, 516–519. Thomas Cook Publishing.</ref> Interesting was the change of [[through coach]]es among EC ''Blauer Enzian'', EXP ''Dachstein'' (Lindau–Graz–Lindau), EC ''Transalpin'' (Basel–Vienna/Graz/Klagenfurt) in summer 1990, in Schwarzach St Veit and Bischofshofen. The EC ''Blauer Enzian'' conveyed through coaches Dortmund–Klagenfurt/Graz/Lubljana.
 Until the opening of the first German high-speed railway on 2 June 1991, the route remained unchanged. On 2 June 1991, the route between [[Mainz Hauptbahnhof|Mainz]] and [[Augsburg Hauptbahnhof|Augsburg]] was changed, to run via [[Mannheim Hauptbahnhof|Mannheim]], [[Heidelberg Hauptbahnhof|Heidelberg]], and [[Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof|Stuttgart]] instead of [[Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof|Frankfurt]], [[Nürnberg Hauptbahnhof|Nuremberg]], and [[Würzburg Hauptbahnhof|Würzburg]]&nbsp;– but still running Dortmund–Klagenfurt overall&nbsp;– and the train was renumbered to EC114 northbound and EC115 southbound.<ref name="cooks1991apr"/> The name ''Blauer Enzian'' was abandoned from 14 December 2002.
-[[File:EC 113 1 March 2021 19 46 27 197000.jpeg|thumb|Revived Blauer Enzian]]
+[[File:EC 113 1 March 2021, door sign.jpg|thumb|Revived Blauer Enzian]]
-The name was revived in 2017 for the Frankfurt to Klagenfurt service, EC 112/113. This train meets the EC 212/213 ''[[Mimara (train)|Mimara]]'' at [[Villach Hauptbahnhof|Villach]] and exchanges through coaches for services onwards to [[Ljubljana railway station|Ljubljana]] and [[Zagreb Glavni kolodvor|Zagreb]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vagonweb.cz/razeni/vlak.php?zeme=DB&cislo=113&nazev=Blauer%20Enzian&rok=2018&lang=de|title=EC 113 Blauer Enzien|website=vagonWEB|accessdate=11 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://traintracks.eu/kurswagen-frankfurt-zagreb/|title=Kurswagen von Frankfurt nach Zagreb: Zwei Züge, aber kein Umstieg|date=21 July 2018|accessdate=11 September 2018|website=traintracks.eu}}</ref> The Dortmund to Klagenfurt service, still numbered EC 114/115, was renamed ''[[Wörthersee (train)|Wörthersee]]''.
+The name was revived in 2017 for the Frankfurt to Klagenfurt service, EC 112/113. This train meets the EC 212/213 ''[[Mimara (train)|Mimara]]'' at [[Villach Hauptbahnhof|Villach]] and exchanges through coaches for services onwards to [[Ljubljana railway station|Ljubljana]] and [[Zagreb Glavni kolodvor|Zagreb]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vagonweb.cz/razeni/vlak.php?zeme=DB&cislo=113&nazev=Blauer%20Enzian&rok=2018&lang=de|title=EC 113 Blauer Enzien|website=vagonWEB|access-date=11 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://traintracks.eu/kurswagen-frankfurt-zagreb/|title=Kurswagen von Frankfurt nach Zagreb: Zwei Züge, aber kein Umstieg|date=21 July 2018|access-date=11 September 2018|website=traintracks.eu}}</ref> The Dortmund to Klagenfurt service, still numbered EC 114/115, was renamed ''[[Wörthersee (train)|Wörthersee]]''.
 ==See also==
@@ Line 97: / Line 97: @@
 ===Bibliography===
 {{refbegin}}
-*{{cite book |ref= UIC|last = UIC|title=[[Trans Europ Express|TEE]]|location= Paris|publisher= Union International des Chemins de Fer|language=Dutch |year=1972}}
+*{{cite book |ref= UIC|last = UIC|title=TEE|location= Paris|publisher= Union International des Chemins de Fer|language=Dutch |year=1972}}
 *{{cite book |ref= Hajt|first= Jörg |last= Hajt|title= Das grosse TEE Buch |location= Bonn/Königswinter |publisher= Heel Verlag |language= German |year= 2001 |isbn= 3-89365-948-X}}
 *{{cite book |ref= TEEDE|first= Peter|last= Goette|title= TEE-Züge in Deutschland|location= Freiburg |publisher= EK-Verlag|language= German |year= 2008 |isbn= 978-3-88255-698-8}}