Jump to content

Freedom of assembly: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m →Human rights instruments: Removed Hong Kong as Hong Kong's freedom of assembly is no longer protected. Basic Law is described by one chinese official as legal document of the past.
No edit summary
 
(31 intermediate revisions by 27 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Use American English|date = March 2019}}
{{Use American English|date = March 2019}}
{{Short description|Right to form social or political groups and hold meetings}}
{{Short description|Right to form social or political groups and hold meetings}}
[[File:Themeeting.jpg|thumb|"Sammankomsten" ("The Meeting"), oil painting by [[Ester Almqvist]], original at the [[Swedish National Museum]]. The painting was chosen by the [[United Nations|UN]] as a motif for a stamp commemorating the establishment of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]], paragraph 20: the Right of Assembly]]
[[File:Themeeting.jpg|thumb|"Sammankomsten" ("The Meeting"), oil painting by [[Ester Almqvist]], original at the [[Swedish National Museum]]. The painting was chosen by the [[United Nations|UN]] as a motif for a stamp commemorating the establishment of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]], paragraph 20: the Right of Assembly.]]
[[File:Janitor strike santa monica.jpg|thumb|[[Janitor]]ial workers striking in front of the [[MTV]] building in [[Santa Monica, California|Santa Monica]], [[California]]. Although striking in a [[trade union]] is a way of exercising freedom of assembly and freedom of association, other aspects of the conduct of the workers depicted here, such as pedestrian blocking of vehicle traffic in whichever direction has the [[Right-of-way (traffic)#Intersections|right of way]] at this signal-controlled intersection, may violate local or state laws such as California Vehicle Code § 21950(b).<ref>[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=VEH&division=11.&title=&part=&chapter=5.&article= California Vehicle Code § 21950(b)]: "No pedestrian may unnecessarily stop or delay traffic while in a marked or unmarked crosswalk."</ref>]]
[[File:Janitor strike santa monica.jpg|thumb|[[Janitor]]ial workers striking in front of the [[MTV]] building in [[Santa Monica, California|Santa Monica]], [[California]]. Although striking in a [[trade union]] is a way of exercising freedom of assembly and freedom of association, other aspects of the conduct of the workers depicted here, such as pedestrian blocking of vehicle traffic in whichever direction has the [[Right-of-way (traffic)#Intersections|right of way]] at this signal-controlled intersection, may violate local or state laws such as California Vehicle Code § 21950(b).<ref>[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=VEH&division=11.&title=&part=&chapter=5.&article= California Vehicle Code § 21950(b)]: "No pedestrian may unnecessarily stop or delay traffic while in a marked or unmarked crosswalk."</ref>]]
[[File:Occupy Oakland Nov 12 2011 PM 57.jpg|thumb|Posted excerpt from the [[US Constitution]], at an [[Occupy Oakland]] event, 2011]]
[[File:Occupy Oakland Nov 12 2011 PM 57.jpg|thumb|Posted excerpt from the [[US Constitution]], at an [[Occupy Oakland]] event, 2011]]
{{Liberalism sidebar}}
{{United States constitutional law}}


'''Freedom of peaceful assembly''', sometimes used interchangeably with the [[freedom of association]], is the [[right|individual right or ability]] of people to come together and collectively express, promote, pursue, and defend their collective or shared ideas.<ref>Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, in The Essentials of... Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, pp. 18–20</ref> The right to freedom of association is recognized as a [[human right]], a [[Political freedom|political right]] and a [[Civil liberties|civil liberty]].
'''Freedom of peaceful assembly''', sometimes used interchangeably with the [[freedom of association]], is the [[right|individual right or ability]] of people to come together and collectively express, promote, pursue, and defend their collective or shared ideas.<ref>Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, in The Essentials of... Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, pp. 18–20</ref> The right to freedom of association is recognized as a [[human right]], a [[Political freedom|political right]] and a [[Civil liberties|civil liberty]].


The terms ''freedom of assembly'' and ''freedom of association'' may be used to distinguish between the freedom to assemble in public places and the freedom to join an association. Freedom of assembly is often used in the context of the [[right to protest]], while freedom of association is used in the context of labor rights and in the [[Constitution of the United States]] is interpreted to mean both the freedom to assemble and the freedom to join an association.<ref>See: NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co., 458 U.S. 898 (1982); Healey v. James, 408 U.S. 169 (1972); Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia, 377 U.S. 1 (1964); United Mine Workers v. Illinois State Bar Assn., 389 U.S. 217 (1967).</ref>
The terms ''freedom of assembly'' and ''freedom of association'' may be used to distinguish between the freedom to assemble in public places and the freedom to join an association. Freedom of assembly is often used in the context of the [[right to protest]], while freedom of association is used in the context of labor rights. The [[Constitution of the United States]] is interpreted to mean both the freedom to assemble and the freedom to join an association.<ref>See: NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co., 458 U.S. 898 (1982); Healey v. James, 408 U.S. 169 (1972); Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia, 377 U.S. 1 (1964); United Mine Workers v. Illinois State Bar Assn., 389 U.S. 217 (1967).</ref>


==Human rights instruments==
==Human rights instruments==
Line 23: Line 25:
* [[Germany]] – Article 8 GG ([[Grundgesetz]], Basic Law)
* [[Germany]] – Article 8 GG ([[Grundgesetz]], Basic Law)
* [[Hungary]] – Article VIII (1) of the [[Constitution of Hungary|Fundamental Law]]
* [[Hungary]] – Article VIII (1) of the [[Constitution of Hungary|Fundamental Law]]
* [[India]] – [[Fundamental Rights in India]]
* [[India]] – Article 19 of the [[Constitution of India]]
⚫
*[[Indonesia]] – Article 28E(3) of the [[Constitution of Indonesia]]
* [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] – Article 40.6.1° of the [[Constitution of Ireland|Constitution]], as enumerated under the heading "Fundamental Rights"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/government_in_ireland/irish_constitution_1/constitution_fundamental_rights.html|title=Fundamental Rights under the Irish Constitution|last=Citizensinformation.ie|website=www.citizensinformation.ie|language=en|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html#part13|title=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB)|last=(eISB)|first=electronic Irish Statute Book|website=www.irishstatutebook.ie|language=en|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref>
* [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] – Article 40.6.1° of the [[Constitution of Ireland|Constitution]], as enumerated under the heading "Fundamental Rights"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/government_in_ireland/irish_constitution_1/constitution_fundamental_rights.html|title=Fundamental Rights under the Irish Constitution|last=Citizensinformation.ie|website=www.citizensinformation.ie|language=en|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html#part13|title=Constitution of Ireland|website=[[Irish Statute Book]]|language=en|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref>
* [[Italy]] – Article 17 of the [[Italian Constitution|Constitution]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The Italian Constitution |url=http://www.quirinale.it/page/costituzione|publisher=The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127152449/http://www.quirinale.it/qrnw/costituzione/pdf/costituzione_inglese.pdf |archive-date=2016-11-27 }}</ref>
* [[Italy]] – Article 17 of the [[Italian Constitution|Constitution]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The Italian Constitution |url=http://www.quirinale.it/page/costituzione|publisher=The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127152449/http://www.quirinale.it/qrnw/costituzione/pdf/costituzione_inglese.pdf |archive-date=2016-11-27 }}</ref>
* [[Japan]] – Article 21 of the [[Constitution of Japan]]
* [[Japan]] – Article 21 of the [[Constitution of Japan]]
Line 30: Line 33:
* [[Malaysia]] – [[Article 10 of the Constitution of Malaysia]]
* [[Malaysia]] – [[Article 10 of the Constitution of Malaysia]]
* [[Mexico]] – Article 9 of the [[Constitution of Mexico]]
* [[Mexico]] – Article 9 of the [[Constitution of Mexico]]
* [[Netherlands]] - Articles 8 and 9 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
* [[New Zealand]] – Section 16 [[New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990]]
* [[New Zealand]] – Section 16 [[New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990]]
* [[Norway]] – Section 101 of the [[Constitution of Norway]]
* [[Norway]] – Section 101 of the [[Constitution of Norway]]
* [[Pakistan]] - Article 16 of the [[Constitution of Pakistan, 1973]]
* [[Philippines]] – Article III, Section 4 of the [[Constitution of the Philippines]]
* [[Philippines]] – Article III, Section 4 of the [[Constitution of the Philippines]]
* [[Poland]] – Article 57 of the [[Constitution of Poland]]
* [[Poland]] – Article 57 of the [[Constitution of Poland]]
⚫
* [[Republic of Ireland]] – Guaranteed by Article 40.6.1 of the [[Constitution of Ireland]]
* [[Freedom of assembly in Russia|Russia]] – Articles 30 and 31 of the [[Constitution of Russia]] guarantee the freedom of association and peaceful assembly.<ref name=ru>{{cite web |title=Constitution of Russia: Article 30|url=http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-03.htm#30|publisher=Adopted at National Voting on December 12, 1993}}</ref>
* [[Freedom of assembly in Russia|Russia]] – Articles 30 and 31 of the [[Constitution of Russia]] guarantee the freedom of association and peaceful assembly.<ref name=ru>{{cite web |title=Constitution of Russia: Article 30|url=http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-03.htm#30|publisher=Adopted at National Voting on December 12, 1993}}</ref>
* [[South Africa Bill of Rights]] – Article 17
* [[South Africa Bill of Rights]] – Article 17
Line 41: Line 45:
* [[Taiwan]] ([[Republic of China]]) – Article 14 guarantees freedom of assembly and association.
* [[Taiwan]] ([[Republic of China]]) – Article 14 guarantees freedom of assembly and association.
* [[Turkey]] – Articles 33 and 34 of the [[Constitution of Turkey]] guarantee the freedom of association and assembly.
* [[Turkey]] – Articles 33 and 34 of the [[Constitution of Turkey]] guarantee the freedom of association and assembly.
* [[UAE]] – Article 33 of the [[Constitution of the United Arab Emirates|Constitution of the UAE]]
* [[UAE]] – The UAE Constitution protects freedom of peaceful assembly.<ref>{{cite web |title=Human rights in the UAE|url=https://government.ae/en/about-the-uae/human-rights-in-the-uae/human-rights-are-guaranteed-by-constitution|publisher=Updated on 01 Jul 2019}}</ref>
* [[United States]] – [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]] to the [[United States Constitution|Constitution of the United States]]
* [[United States]] – [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]] to the [[United States Constitution|Constitution of the United States]]
* [[Venezuela]] – Article 68 of the [[Constitution of Venezuela]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.observatoriodeconflictos.org.ve/oc/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/INFORMEcriminalizaci%C3%B3nyrepresi%C3%B3n-FINAL-digital-1.pdf |title=Situación de la criminalización y represión en Venezuela- 2018 |date=17 December 2023 |publisher=Observatorio Venezolano de Conflictividad Social |location=Caracas, Venezuela |publication-date=February 2019 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026160756/https://www.observatoriodeconflictos.org.ve/oc/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/INFORMEcriminalizaci%C3%B3nyrepresi%C3%B3n-FINAL-digital-1.pdf |archive-date=26 October 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 50: Line 55:
* [[Strategy-31]]
* [[Strategy-31]]
* [[Unlawful assembly]]
* [[Unlawful assembly]]
* United Nations [[Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association]]
* [[United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Rights to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and of Association]]


==References==
==References==
Line 63: Line 68:
{{Liberty}}
{{Liberty}}
{{Particular human rights}}
{{Particular human rights}}
{{US1stAmendment Assemble and Petition Clause Supreme Court case law}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


Latest revision as of 21:07, 16 August 2024

"Sammankomsten" ("The Meeting"), oil painting by Ester Almqvist, original at the Swedish National Museum. The painting was chosen by the UN as a motif for a stamp commemorating the establishment of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, paragraph 20: the Right of Assembly.
Janitorial workers striking in front of the MTV building in Santa Monica, California. Although striking in a trade union is a way of exercising freedom of assembly and freedom of association, other aspects of the conduct of the workers depicted here, such as pedestrian blocking of vehicle traffic in whichever direction has the right of way at this signal-controlled intersection, may violate local or state laws such as California Vehicle Code § 21950(b).[1]
Posted excerpt from the US Constitution, at an Occupy Oakland event, 2011
Part of a series on
Liberalism
History
Principles
Philosophers
Politicians
Organizations
Regional variants
Related topics
Schools
Constitutional law
of the United States
Overview
Principles
Government structure
Individual rights
Theory

Freedom of peaceful assembly, sometimes used interchangeably with the freedom of association, is the individual right or ability of people to come together and collectively express, promote, pursue, and defend their collective or shared ideas.[2] The right to freedom of association is recognized as a human right, a political right and a civil liberty.

The terms freedom of assembly and freedom of association may be used to distinguish between the freedom to assemble in public places and the freedom to join an association. Freedom of assembly is often used in the context of the right to protest, while freedom of association is used in the context of labor rights. The Constitution of the United States is interpreted to mean both the freedom to assemble and the freedom to join an association.[3]

Human rights instruments

[edit]

Freedom of assembly is included in, among others, the following human rights instruments:

National and regional constitutions that recognize freedom of assembly include:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ California Vehicle Code § 21950(b): "No pedestrian may unnecessarily stop or delay traffic while in a marked or unmarked crosswalk."
  2. ^ Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, in The Essentials of... Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, pp. 18–20
  3. ^ See: NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co., 458 U.S. 898 (1982); Healey v. James, 408 U.S. 169 (1972); Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia, 377 U.S. 1 (1964); United Mine Workers v. Illinois State Bar Assn., 389 U.S. 217 (1967).
  4. ^ "Constitution of Bangladesh: Chapter III". Prime Minister's Office. Archived from the original on 24 May 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
  5. ^ Citizensinformation.ie. "Fundamental Rights under the Irish Constitution". www.citizensinformation.ie. Retrieved 2018-03-03.
  6. ^ "Constitution of Ireland". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 2018-03-03.
  7. ^ "The Italian Constitution" (PDF). The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic. Archived from the original on 2016-11-27.
  8. ^ "Constitution of Russia: Article 30". Adopted at National Voting on December 12, 1993.
  9. ^ Riksdagsförvaltningen. "Kungörelse (1974:152) om beslutad ny regeringsform Svensk författningssamling 1974:1974:152 t.o.m. SFS 2018:1903 - Riksdagen". www.riksdagen.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2020-04-13.
  10. ^ Situación de la criminalización y represión en Venezuela- 2018 (PDF) (in Spanish). Caracas, Venezuela: Observatorio Venezolano de Conflictividad Social (published February 2019). 17 December 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 October 2020.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Freedom of assembly.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Freedom of assembly.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_assembly&oldid=1240699297"