1892 Thirsk rail crash: Difference between revisions

Thirsk rail crash (1892)
Thirsk rail crash (1892)
	Manor House Signal Cabin at the time of the 1892 collision
Details
Date	2 November 1892 ; 04:02
Location	Thirsk, Yorkshire
Country	England
Line	East Coast Main Line
Cause	Signalling error (due to ill-health)
Statistics
Trains	2
Deaths	10
Injured	43
	List of UK rail accidents by year

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The 1892 Thirsk rail crash happened at Manor House signal box on 2 November 1892, on the North Eastern Railway about 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Thirsk railway station in the North Riding of Yorkshire, England.

Events

James Holmes was the signalman at Manor House signal box.^[1] The day before the crash, his infant daughter Rose was taken ill and later died. Holmes had been awake for over 36 hours and was extremely distressed, having ministered to the child, walked miles to try and find the local doctor (who was away from home attending to another patient) and comforted his distraught wife.^[2]^[3] He reported to the stationmaster at Otterington, Thomas Kirby, that he would be unable to work the shift on the next night, but Kirby merely asked his superiors for a relief signalman, without stating that the reason was Holmes had reported himself unfit to work. The Assistant District Signals Inspector at York, already harassed by other emergencies, replied that there was no relief signalman available, and his superior later concurred.^[4]

Forced to complete his shift, Holmes called at the Otterington signal box before walking to Manor House and asked the signalman there, Henry Eden, to notify him when the passenger train from York arrived at 8:58 pm; Holmes was expecting his mother to arrive by that service, having telegraphed asking for her to come and tend to his wife as he worked. He had expected his mother to arrive on either the 6:00 pm or 7:37 pm trains and had walked to the station on both occasions hoping to meet her, which added to his fatigue;^[5] Holmes also told Eden that he was already exhausted.

It was night with a thick mist which later thickened to fog.^[6] About three hours into Holmes' shift, by which time he had received a telegraph stating that his mother had arrived on the 8:58 pm train and gone straight to his house, two express passenger trains were due from the north.^[7] These constituted the up night Scotch Express, which was divided into two separate trains. The first had left Edinburgh on time at 10:30 pm, but the second had been delayed by the late arrival of connecting trains and did not leave until 11:02 pm. After the first portion of the express had passed Northallerton North the signalman there allowed a goods train from Middlesbrough to Starbeck up the main line after it.^[8] Holmes let the goods train into his section but then was "overmastered by sleep",^[9] having now been awake for over 46 hours.^[10] The goods train came to a halt just outside his signal box. Thirteen minutes later, Holmes awoke, rather confused. Henry Eden at the Otterington signal box warned him to be ready for the second part of the express, and Holmes saw that his instruments still indicated that there was a train on the line. He had forgotten about the goods train, and thought he had fallen asleep before clearing the instruments after the first express. He cleared the instruments and accepted the second express. He then had second thoughts and telegraphed the Otterington signal box (using the "speaking instrument", an old term for the single needle telegraph, not to be confused with a telephone), but too late for Eden to halt the express.^[8]

The express crashed at sixty miles per hour into the goods train, which had only just started to move off at walking pace. Nine passengers and the guard of the goods train were killed. 39 other passengers and 4 train crew were injured.^[2] Nearly an hour later, hot coals from the firebox of the engine of the express train set the wreckage on fire. The express train's Pintsch oil gas lighting system acted as an accelerant and added to the fire. Two of the bodies were incinerated and were not recovered.^[6] Men employed to clear the crash site and repair the permanent way reported finding calcined bones and lumps of flesh. Some of the human remains had coins fused to them from the intense heat of the fire. The bodies that could be recovered were moved to Thirsk station and an inquest was opened immediately so that the bodies could be released to the families.^[11]

Aftermath

Holmes was charged with manslaughter and found guilty, but was given an absolute discharge upon the strong recommendation of the jury, who were sympathetic to Holmes' personal tragedy; public opinion was also in Holmes' favour.^[12]

The railway company was strongly criticised for its cavalier treatment of Holmes, and there had been contributory negligence; by Eden, who knew of Holmes' condition and took no action when there was silence from his signal box for nearly a quarter of an hour, and by the crew of the goods train who remained halted outside Holmes' signal box for several minutes without sending a crewman to the signal box in accordance with Rule 55 to ensure that their train was properly protected by the signals and block instruments.^[13]

Prevention

The accident would have been prevented if the line had been fitted with track circuits which would have prevented the block instruments and the signals from being cleared. However, at the time track circuits were relatively new.^[13] Although Manor House was a heavily used part of what was to become known as the East Coast Main Line, the need for such aids to safety there would have been regarded as low; there were no junctions, sidings or crossovers to confuse movement, and the block was one of the shortest and straightest in the country.^[7]

Board of Trade Inspecting Officer Francis Marindin also noted that the many casualties were as a result of the lighter carriages being marshalled between the engine and the heavier Pullman coach behind them. When the crash occurred, the Pullman carriage tore into the lighter carriages at the front of the train.^[13]

Similar accidents

Clayton Tunnel rail crash – signalman gets confused about which train is which – 1861
Hawes Junction train disaster – signalman forgets about light engines on line – 1910
Quintinshill rail crash – signalman forgets about train on line – 1915
Winwick rail crash – signalman and booking boy forget about train on main line. (1934)

References

^ Foley, Michael (2013). Britain's Railway Disasters: Fatal Accidents from the 1830s to the Present Day. Barnsley: Wharncliffe Transport. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-78159-379-0.
^ ^a ^b Riordan, Michael (2002). The History of Northallerton, North Yorkshire, from Earliest Times to the Year 2000. Pickering: Blackthorn Press. p. 144. ISBN 0-9540535-0-8.
^ Gray 2013, p. 35.
^ Marindin 1892, p. 202.
^ Marindin 1892, p. 200.
^ ^a ^b "Terrible disaster on the North-Eastern Railway". Newcastle Weekly Courant. No. 11,364. 5 November 1892. p. 4. OCLC 271575829.
^ ^a ^b Gray 2013, p. 34.
^ ^a ^b Rolt 1978, p. 198.
^ "The disaster to the Scotch Express". The Spectator. Clayton. 5 November 1892. p. 23. OCLC 642446431.
^ "The terrible Flying Scotsman rail disaster between Northallerton and Thirsk". 18 March 2023.
^ "The Railway Catastrophe near Thirsk". The York Herald. No. 12,923. 4 November 1892. p. 5. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
^ Chrystal, Paul (2010). Northallerton through time. Stroud: Amberley. p. 87. ISBN 9781848681811.
^ ^a ^b ^c Gray 2013, p. 36.

Sources

Gray, Adrian (2013). East Coast Main Line disasters. York: Pendragon. ISBN 9781899816194.
Rolt, L.T.C. (1978). Red for danger. Pan. ISBN 0-330-25555-X.
RailwaysArchive.co.uk summary
Marindin, F A (9 December 1892). Accident Returns: Extract for Accident at Manor House, Thirsk on 2nd November 1892 (PDF). railwaysarchive.co.uk (Report). Retrieved 9 July 2018.

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+{{Short description|Train crash on the North Eastern Railway on 2 November 1892}}
 {{About|the rail crash in 1892|the accident in 1967|1967 Thirsk rail crash}}
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 | name                = Thirsk rail crash (1892)
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+| image               = Manor House Signal Cabin near Thirsk, England.jpg
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+| caption             = Manor House Signal Cabin at the time of the 1892 collision
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 ==Events==
-James Holmes was the [[Signalman (rail)|signalman]] at Manor House signal box.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Foley |first1=Michael |title=Britain's Railway Disasters: Fatal Accidents from the 1830s to the Present Day |date=2013 |publisher=Wharncliffe Transport |location=Barnsley |isbn=978-1-78159-379-0 |page=116}}</ref> The day before the crash, his infant daughter, Rose, was taken ill and later died. Holmes had been awake for over 36 hours and was extremely distressed, having ministered to the child, walked miles to try and find the local doctor (who was away from home attending to another patient) and comforted his distraught wife.<ref name="HN">{{cite book |last1=Riordan |first1=Michael |title=The History of Northallerton, North Yorkshire, from Earliest Times to the Year 2000 |date=2002 |publisher=Blackthorn Press |location=Pickering |isbn=0-9540535-0-8 |page=144}}</ref>{{sfn|Gray|2013|p=35}} He reported to the stationmaster at [[Otterington railway station|Otterington]], Thomas Kirby, that he would be unable to work the shift on the next night, but Kirby merely asked his superiors for a relief signalman, without stating that the reason was that Holmes had reported himself unfit to work. The Assistant District Signals Inspector at York, already harassed by other emergencies, replied that there was no relief signalman available, and his superior later concurred.{{sfn|Marindin|1892|p=202}}
+James Holmes was the [[Signalman (rail)|signalman]] at Manor House signal box.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Foley |first1=Michael |title=Britain's Railway Disasters: Fatal Accidents from the 1830s to the Present Day |date=2013 |publisher=Wharncliffe Transport |location=Barnsley |isbn=978-1-78159-379-0 |page=116}}</ref> The day before the crash, his infant daughter Rose was taken ill and later died. Holmes had been awake for over 36 hours and was extremely distressed, having ministered to the child, walked miles to try and find the local doctor (who was away from home attending to another patient) and comforted his distraught wife.<ref name="HN">{{cite book |last1=Riordan |first1=Michael |title=The History of Northallerton, North Yorkshire, from Earliest Times to the Year 2000 |date=2002 |publisher=Blackthorn Press |location=Pickering |isbn=0-9540535-0-8 |page=144}}</ref>{{sfn|Gray|2013|p=35}} He reported to the stationmaster at [[Otterington railway station|Otterington]], Thomas Kirby, that he would be unable to work the shift on the next night, but Kirby merely asked his superiors for a relief signalman, without stating that the reason was Holmes had reported himself unfit to work. The Assistant District Signals Inspector at York, already harassed by other emergencies, replied that there was no relief signalman available, and his superior later concurred.{{sfn|Marindin|1892|p=202}}
-Forced to complete his shift, Holmes called at the Otterington signal box before walking to Manor House, asking the signalman there, Henry Eden, to notify him when the passenger train from [[York]] arrived, as his mother was due to arrive on that service, in order to stay and tend to Holmes' wife as he worked.{{sfn|Marindin|1892|p=200}} He also told the Otterington signalman that he was already exhausted.
+Forced to complete his shift, Holmes called at the Otterington signal box before walking to Manor House and asked the signalman there, Henry Eden, to notify him when the passenger train from [[York]] arrived at 8:58&nbsp;pm; Holmes was expecting his mother to arrive by that service, having telegraphed asking for her to come and tend to his wife as he worked. He had expected his mother to arrive on either the 6:00&nbsp;pm or 7:37&nbsp;pm trains and had walked to the station on both occasions hoping to meet her, which added to his fatigue;{{sfn|Marindin|1892|p=200}} Holmes also told Eden that he was already exhausted.
-It was night with a thick mist which later thickened to fog.<ref name="NWC"/> About three hours into Holmes' shift, two express [[passenger train]]s were due from the north.{{sfn|Gray|2013|p=34}} These constituted the up night Scotch Express, which was divided into two separate trains. The first had left Edinburgh on time at 10:30&nbsp;pm, but the second had been delayed by the late arrival of connecting trains and did not leave until 11:02&nbsp;pm. After the first portion of the express had passed Northallerton North the signalman there allowed a [[freight train|goods train]] from Middlesbrough to Starbeck up the main line after it.<ref name=Rolt198>Rolt, p.198</ref> Holmes let the goods train into his section but then was "overmastered by sleep".<ref>{{cite news|title=The disaster to the Scotch Express|work=The Spectator|publisher=Clayton|date=5 November 1892|page=23|oclc=642446431}}</ref> The goods train came to a halt just outside his signal box. Thirteen minutes later, Holmes awoke, rather confused. The Otterington signalman warned him to be ready for the second part of the express, and Holmes saw that his instruments still indicated that there was a train on the line. He had forgotten about the goods train, and thought he had fallen asleep before clearing the instruments after the first express. He cleared the instruments and accepted the second express. He then had second thoughts and telephoned the Otterington signal box, but too late for the Otterington signalman to halt the express.<ref name=Rolt198/>
+It was night with a thick mist which later thickened to fog.<ref name="NWC"/> About three hours into Holmes' shift, by which time he had received a telegraph stating that his mother had arrived on the 8:58&nbsp;pm train and gone straight to his house, two express [[passenger train]]s were due from the north.{{sfn|Gray|2013|p=34}} These constituted the up night Scotch Express, which was divided into two separate trains. The first had left Edinburgh on time at 10:30&nbsp;pm, but the second had been delayed by the late arrival of connecting trains and did not leave until 11:02&nbsp;pm. After the first portion of the express had passed Northallerton North the signalman there allowed a [[freight train|goods train]] from Middlesbrough to Starbeck up the main line after it.{{sfn|Rolt|1978|p=198}} Holmes let the goods train into his section but then was "overmastered by sleep",<ref>{{cite news|title=The disaster to the Scotch Express|work=The Spectator|publisher=Clayton|date=5 November 1892|page=23|oclc=642446431}}</ref> having now been awake for over 46 hours.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.darlingtonandstocktontimes.co.uk/news/23391963.flying-scotsman-rail-disaster-northallerton-thirsk/ | title=The terrible Flying Scotsman rail disaster between Northallerton and Thirsk | date=18 March 2023 }}</ref> The goods train came to a halt just outside his signal box. Thirteen minutes later, Holmes awoke, rather confused. Henry Eden at the Otterington signal box warned him to be ready for the second part of the express, and Holmes saw that his instruments still indicated that there was a train on the line. He had forgotten about the goods train, and thought he had fallen asleep before clearing the instruments after the first express. He cleared the instruments and accepted the second express. He then had second thoughts and telegraphed the Otterington signal box (using the "speaking instrument", an old term for the single needle telegraph, not to be confused with a telephone), but too late for Eden to halt the express.{{sfn|Rolt|1978|p=198}}
-The express crashed at sixty miles per hour into the goods train, which had only just started to move off at walking pace. Nine passengers and the guard of the goods train were killed. 39 other passengers and 4 train crew injured.<ref name="HN"/> Nearly an hour later, hot coals from the [[Firebox (steam engine)|firebox]] of the engine of the express train set the wreckage on fire. The express train's [[Pintsch gas|Pintsch oil gas]] lighting system acted as an [[Accelerant#Fire|accelerant]] and added to the fire. Two of the bodies were incinerated and were not recovered.<ref name="NWC">{{cite news |title=Terrible disaster on the North-Eastern Railway |work=Newcastle Weekly Courant |issue=11,364 |date=5 November 1892 |page=4|oclc=271575829}}</ref> Men employed to clear the crash site and repair the permanent way reported finding calcined bones and lumps of flesh. Some of the human remains had coins fused to them from the intense heat of the fire. The bodies that could be recovered were moved to Thirsk station and an inquest was opened immediately so that the bodies could be released to the families.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Railway Catastrophe near Thirsk |url=http://find.galegroup.com/bncn/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=DateAscend&prodId=BNCN&tabID=T012&subjectParam=Locale%2528en%252C%252C%2529%253ALQE%253D%2528MB%252CNone%252C16%2529%2522BLN1%2522%2BOR%2B%2522BLN2%2522%253AAnd%253ALQE%253D%2528da%252CNone%252C8%252918921104%253AAnd%253ALQE%253D%2528jn%252CNone%252C13%2529%2522York%2BHerald%2522%253AAnd%253ALQE%253D%2528is%252CNone%252C5%252912923%2524&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchId=R2&displaySubject=&searchType=PublicationSearchForm&currentPosition=30&qrySerId=Locale%28en%2C%2C%29%3ALQE%3D%28MB%2CNone%2C16%29%22BLN1%22+OR+%22BLN2%22%3AAnd%3ALQE%3D%28da%2CNone%2C8%2918921104%3AAnd%3ALQE%3D%28jn%2CNone%2C13%29%22York+Herald%22%3AAnd%3ALQE%3D%28is%2CNone%2C5%2912923%24&retrieveFormat=MULTIPAGE_DOCUMENT&subjectAction=DISPLAY_SUBJECTS&inPS=true&userGroupName=nycnlib&sgCurrentPosition=0&contentSet=LTO&&docId=&docLevel=FASCIMILE&workId=&relevancePageBatch=R3215348490&contentSet=UBER2&callistoContentSet=UBER2&docPage=article&hilite=y |accessdate=27 August 2018 |work=The York Herald |issue=12,923 |date=4 November 1892 |page=5|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
+The express crashed at sixty miles per hour into the goods train, which had only just started to move off at walking pace. Nine passengers and the guard of the goods train were killed. 39 other passengers and 4 train crew were injured.<ref name="HN"/> Nearly an hour later, hot coals from the [[Firebox (steam engine)|firebox]] of the engine of the express train set the wreckage on fire. The express train's [[Pintsch gas|Pintsch oil gas]] lighting system acted as an [[Accelerant#Fire|accelerant]] and added to the fire. Two of the bodies were incinerated and were not recovered.<ref name="NWC">{{cite news |title=Terrible disaster on the North-Eastern Railway |work=Newcastle Weekly Courant |issue=((11,364)) |date=5 November 1892 |page=4|oclc=271575829}}</ref> Men employed to clear the crash site and repair the permanent way reported finding calcined bones and lumps of flesh. Some of the human remains had coins fused to them from the intense heat of the fire. The bodies that could be recovered were moved to Thirsk station and an inquest was opened immediately so that the bodies could be released to the families.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Railway Catastrophe near Thirsk |url=http://find.galegroup.com/bncn/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=DateAscend&prodId=BNCN&tabID=T012&subjectParam=Locale%2528en%252C%252C%2529%253ALQE%253D%2528MB%252CNone%252C16%2529%2522BLN1%2522%2BOR%2B%2522BLN2%2522%253AAnd%253ALQE%253D%2528da%252CNone%252C8%252918921104%253AAnd%253ALQE%253D%2528jn%252CNone%252C13%2529%2522York%2BHerald%2522%253AAnd%253ALQE%253D%2528is%252CNone%252C5%252912923%2524&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchId=R2&displaySubject=&searchType=PublicationSearchForm&currentPosition=30&qrySerId=Locale%28en%2C%2C%29%3ALQE%3D%28MB%2CNone%2C16%29%22BLN1%22+OR+%22BLN2%22%3AAnd%3ALQE%3D%28da%2CNone%2C8%2918921104%3AAnd%3ALQE%3D%28jn%2CNone%2C13%29%22York+Herald%22%3AAnd%3ALQE%3D%28is%2CNone%2C5%2912923%24&retrieveFormat=MULTIPAGE_DOCUMENT&subjectAction=DISPLAY_SUBJECTS&inPS=true&userGroupName=nycnlib&sgCurrentPosition=0&contentSet=LTO&&docId=&docLevel=FASCIMILE&workId=&relevancePageBatch=R3215348490&contentSet=UBER2&callistoContentSet=UBER2&docPage=article&hilite=y |access-date=27 August 2018 |work=The York Herald |issue=((12,923)) |date=4 November 1892 |page=5|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
 ==Aftermath==
-Holmes was charged with [[manslaughter]] and found guilty, but was given an [[absolute discharge]] – a decision strongly supported by both the [[jury]] and by public opinion.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chrystal |first1=Paul |title=Northallerton through time |date=2010 |publisher=Amberley |location=Stroud |isbn=9781848681811 |page=87}}</ref> The railway company was criticised for its cavalier treatment of Holmes, and there had been [[contributory negligence]]; by the Otterington signalman who knew of Holmes' condition and took no action when there was silence from his signal box for nearly a quarter of an hour, and by the crew of the goods train who remained halted outside Holmes' signal box for several minutes without sending a crewman to the signal box in accordance with [[Rule 55]] to ensure that their train was properly protected by the signals and [[block instruments]].{{sfn|Gray|2013|p=36}}
+Holmes was charged with [[manslaughter]] and found guilty, but was given an [[absolute discharge]] upon the strong recommendation of the [[jury]], who were sympathetic to Holmes' personal tragedy; public opinion was also in Holmes' favour.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chrystal |first1=Paul |title=Northallerton through time |date=2010 |publisher=Amberley |location=Stroud |isbn=9781848681811 |page=87}}</ref>
+The railway company was strongly criticised for its cavalier treatment of Holmes, and there had been [[contributory negligence]]; by Eden, who knew of Holmes' condition and took no action when there was silence from his signal box for nearly a quarter of an hour, and by the crew of the goods train who remained halted outside Holmes' signal box for several minutes without sending a crewman to the signal box in accordance with [[Rule 55]] to ensure that their train was properly protected by the signals and [[block instruments]].{{sfn|Gray|2013|p=36}}
 ==Prevention==
@@ Line 86: / Line 89: @@
 ==Sources==
-*{{cite book|last=Gray|first=Adrian|title=East Coast Main Line disasters|year=2013|publisher=Pendragon|location=York|isbn=9781899816194|ref=harv }}
+*{{cite book|last=Gray|first=Adrian|title=East Coast Main Line disasters|year=2013|publisher=Pendragon|location=York|isbn=9781899816194}}
-*{{cite book|last=Rolt|first=L.T.C.|title=Red for danger|publisher=Pan|isbn=0-330-25555-X|year=1978|ref=harv}}
+*{{cite book|last=Rolt|first=L.T.C.|title=Red for danger|publisher=Pan|isbn=0-330-25555-X|year=1978}}
 *[http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/docSummary.php?docID=332 RailwaysArchive.co.uk summary]
-*{{cite report|last=Marindin|first=F A|title=Accident Returns: Extract for Accident at Manor House, Thirsk on 2nd November 1892|url=http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BoT_ManorHouse1892.pdf |format=PDF|website=railwaysarchive.co.uk|accessdate=9 July 2018 |date=9 December 1892 |ref=harv }}
+*{{cite report|last=Marindin|first=F A|title=Accident Returns: Extract for Accident at Manor House, Thirsk on 2nd November 1892|url=http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BoT_ManorHouse1892.pdf |website=railwaysarchive.co.uk|access-date=9 July 2018 |date=9 December 1892 }}
 ==Further reading==
@@ Line 103: / Line 106: @@
 [[Category:History of North Yorkshire]]
 [[Category:Rail transport in North Yorkshire]]
-[[Category:Transport disasters in Yorkshire]]
 [[Category:19th century in Yorkshire]]
 [[Category:Train collisions in England]]
 [[Category:Railway accidents involving fog]]
-[[Category:Accidents and incidents involving North Eastern Railway (UK)]]
+[[Category:Accidents and incidents involving North Eastern Railway (United Kingdom)]]
 [[Category:Railway accidents caused by signaller's error]]
 [[Category:Thirsk]]
+[[Category:1892 disasters in the United Kingdom]]

v t e Railway accidents and incidents in the United Kingdom, 1815–1899
Before 1850	Philadelphia (Jul 1815) Parkside (Sep 1830) Wetheral (Dec 1836) Harrow (Aug 1838) Howden (Aug 1840) Sonning Cutting (Dec 1841) Penistone (Oct 1845) Dee Bridge (May 1847)
1850s	Sutton Tunnel (Apr 1851) Burnley (Jun 1852) Straffan (Oct 1853) Reading Southern (Sep 1855) Lewisham (Jun 1857) Round Oak (Aug 1858)
1860s	Helmshore (Sep 1860) Atherstone (Nov 1860) Wootton (Jun 1861) Clayton Tunnel (Aug 1861) ‡ Kentish Town (Sep 1861) Winchburgh (Oct 1862) Rednal (Jun 1865) Staplehurst (Jun 1865) Welwyn Tunnel (Jun 1866) Yanwath (Feb 1867) Warrington (Jun 1867) Abergele (Aug 1868) ‡ Maesycwmmer (Jun 1869) Dalton Junction (Dec 1869)
1870s	Newark (Jun 1870) Tamworth (Sep 1870) Stairfoot (Dec 1870) Hatfield (Dec 1870) Kirtlebridge (Oct 1872) Wigan (Aug 1873) Menheniot (Dec 1873) Bo'ness Junction (Jan 1874) Thorpe (Sep 1874) ‡ Shipton-on-Cherwell (Dec 1874) ‡ Kildwick & Crosshills (Aug 1875) Abbots Ripton (Jan 1876) Radstock (Aug 1876) Heeley (Nov 1876) Morpeth (Mar 1877) Tay Bridge (Dec 1879) ‡
1880s	Burscough Junction (Jan 1880) Wennington Junction (Aug 1880) Inverythan (Nov 1882) Penistone (Jul 1884) ‡ Penistone (Jan 1885) Hexthorpe (Sep 1887) ‡ Penistone (Mar 1889) Armagh (Jun 1889) ‡
1890s	Norton Fitzwarren (Nov 1890) Norwood Junction (May 1891) Esholt Junction (Jun 1892) Thirsk (Nov 1892) Llantrisant (Aug 1893) Chelford (Dec 1894) St Neots (Nov 1895) Snowdon (Apr 1896) Menheniot (Feb 1897) Welshampton (Jun 1897) Penistone (Oct 1897) Menheniot (Nov 1897) Potters Bar (Mar 1898) St Johns (Mar 1898) Wellingborough (Sep 1898) Wrawby Junction (Oct 1898) Potters Bar (May 1899)
‡ indicates railway accidents and incidents resulting in at least 20 fatalities 1900–1999