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|produced=
|produced=
|number built=
|number built=
| developed from = [[Farman HF.16]]
| developed into =
|variants with their own articles=
|variants with their own articles=
}}
}}
|}
|}
[[File:IAN 2332.jpg|thumb|An HF.20 biplane at Nicopolis airfield, near [[Preveza]], in December 1912]]
[[File:IAN F2332.jpg|thumb|A HF.20 biplane at Nicopolis airfield, near [[Preveza]], in December 1912]]

The '''Farman HF.20''' and its derivatives were a family of reconnaissance aircraft produced in France shortly before and during the [[First World War]]. It was a refined version of the [[Farman MF.11]] "Shorthorn" that did away with the type's distinctive landing skids, and incorporated design features from [[Henri Farman]]'s designs. It entered service with the French, Belgian and Serbian armies in 1913 (two aircraft conducted reconnaissance during the [[Siege of Scutari|Siege of Shkodër]] in the [[First Balkan War]] and one crashed), and with the British [[Royal Flying Corps|RFC]] and [[RNAS]] shortly after the outbreak of war. The type was also licence-built in the UK by [[Airco]] and [[Grahame-White]].
The '''Farman HF.20''' and its derivatives were a family of reconnaissance aircraft produced in France shortly before and during the [[First World War]]. It was a refined version of the [[Farman MF.11]] "Shorthorn" that did away with the type's distinctive landing skids, and incorporated design features from [[Henri Farman]]'s designs. It entered service with the French, Belgian and Serbian armies in 1913 (two aircraft conducted reconnaissance during the [[Siege of Scutari (1912–1913)|Siege of Scutari]] in the [[First Balkan War]] and one crashed), and with the British [[Royal Flying Corps|RFC]] and [[RNAS]] shortly after the outbreak of war. The type was also licence-built in the UK by [[Airco]] and [[Grahame-White]].


The HF.20 was seriously underpowered, and a variety of engines were trialled in the hope of correcting this, none with much success. The problem was eventually solved only when an engine of twice the power of the original powerplant was fitted to the '''HF.27''' variant, by which time the aircraft was already obsolete. Nevertheless, the performance of the HF.20 made it adequate for use on secondary fronts.
The HF.20 was seriously underpowered, and a variety of engines were trialled in the hope of correcting this, none with much success. The problem was eventually solved only when an engine of twice the power of the original powerplant was fitted to the '''HF.27''' variant, by which time the aircraft was already obsolete. Nevertheless, the performance of the HF.20 made it adequate for use on secondary fronts.
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==Variants==
==Variants==

;HF.20: original version with [[Gnome Lambda]] engine <!-- what type?? -->
;HF.20: original version with [[Gnome Lambda]] engine <!-- what type?? -->
;HF.21: {{cvt|15.5|m}} span and increased wing area version with [[Gnome Lambda]] engine. At least one of the few built, entered service with the [[Fliegertruppe]] of Switzerland.
;HF.21: {{cvt|15.5|m}} span and increased wing area version with [[Gnome Lambda]] engine. At least one of the few built, entered service with the [[Fliegertruppe]] of Switzerland.
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==Operators==
==Operators==
[[File:Ein einsitziger Doppeldecker vor dem Start - CH-BAR - 3240087.tif|thumb|HF-20 of the Swiss Air Force during the First World War]]
[[File:Ein einsitziger Doppeldecker vor dem Start - CH-BAR - 3240087.tif|thumb|HF-20 of the Swiss Air Force during the First World War]]

;{{ARG}}
;{{ARG}}
*[[Argentine Air Force]]
*[[Argentine Air Force]]
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*[[Royal Netherlands Air Force]]
*[[Royal Netherlands Air Force]]
;{{ROM}}
;{{ROM}}
*[[Royal Romanian Air Force]]
*[[Romanian Air Corps]]
;{{RUS}}
;{{RUS}}
*[[Imperial Russian Air Service]]
*[[Imperial Russian Air Service]]
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==Specifications (HF.20)==
==Specifications (HF.20)==

{{Aircraft specs
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=French aircraft of the First World War<ref name="Davilla">{{cite book |last1=Davilla |first1=Dr. James J. |last2=Soltan |first2=Arthur M. |title=French aircraft of the First World War |date=January 2002 |publisher=Flying Machines Press |isbn=1891268090 |pages=207–212}}</ref>
|ref=''French aircraft of the First World War''<ref name="Davilla">{{cite book |last1=Davilla |first1=Dr. James J. |last2=Soltan |first2=Arthur M. |title=French aircraft of the First World War |date=January 2002 |publisher=Flying Machines Press |isbn=1891268090 |pages=207–212}}</ref>
|prime units?=met
|prime units?=met
<!--
<!--
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|climb rate note=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude={{cvt|2000|m}} in 22 minutes
|time to altitude={{cvt|2000|m}} in 22 minutes
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading kg/m2=18
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|wing loading note=
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==References==
==References==
⚫
{{commons category|Farman HF.20}}
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
*{{cite journal |last1=Klaauw|first1=Bart van der|title=Unexpected Windfalls: Accidentally or Deliberately, More than 100 Aircraft 'arrived' in Dutch Territory During the Great War |journal=Air Enthusiast |date=March–April 1999 |issue=80 |pages=54–59 |issn=0143-5450}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Klaauw|first1=Bart van der|title=Unexpected Windfalls: Accidentally or Deliberately, More than 100 Aircraft 'arrived' in Dutch Territory During the Great War |journal=Air Enthusiast |date=March–April 1999 |issue=80 |pages=54–59 |issn=0143-5450}}
*{{cite book |last1=Liron |first1=Jean |title=Les avions Farman |year=1984 |publisher=Éditions Larivière |location=Paris |oclc=37146471|series=Collection Docavia|volume=21}}
* {{cite book |last1=Liron |first1=Jean |title=Les avions Farman |year=1984 |publisher=Éditions Larivière |location=Paris |oclc=37146471|series=Collection Docavia|volume=21}}
* Thomas, Andrew. "In the Footsteps of Daedulus: Early Greek Naval Aviation". ''Air Enthusiast'', No. 94, July–August 2001, pp.&nbsp;8–9. {{ISSN|0143-5450}}
* Thomas, Andrew. "In the Footsteps of Daedulus: Early Greek Naval Aviation". ''Air Enthusiast'', No. 94, July–August 2001, pp.&nbsp;8–9. {{ISSN|0143-5450}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
⚫
{{commons category|Farman HF.20}}
* {{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London |pages=380–381 }}
* {{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London |pages=380–381 }}
* {{cite book |title=World Aircraft Information Files |publisher=Bright Star Publishing|location=London |pages=File 894 Sheet 14–15 }}
* {{cite book |title=World Aircraft Information Files |publisher=Bright Star Publishing|location=London |pages=File 894 Sheet 14–15 }}
<!-- ==External links== -->


⚫
{{Farman aircraft}}
{{Dux aircraft}}
{{Dux aircraft}}
⚫
{{Farman aircraft}}


⚫
[[Category:1910s French military reconnaissance aircraft]]
[[Category:Farman aircraft|HF.20]]
[[Category:Farman aircraft|HF.20]]
⚫
[[Category:Single-engined pusher aircraft]]
[[Category:1910s French military trainer aircraft]]
[[Category:1910s French military trainer aircraft]]
⚫
[[Category:1910s French military reconnaissance aircraft]]
⚫
[[Category:Rotary-engined aircraft]]
⚫
[[Category:Single-engined pusher aircraft]]
[[Category:Sesquiplanes]]
[[Category:Sesquiplanes]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1913]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1913]]
⚫
[[Category:Rotary-engined aircraft]]

Latest revision as of 07:57, 24 September 2024

HF.20
Role Reconnaissance aircraft
Manufacturer Farman
Designer Henri Farman
First flight 1913
Developed from Farman HF.16
A HF.20 biplane at Nicopolis airfield, near Preveza, in December 1912

The Farman HF.20 and its derivatives were a family of reconnaissance aircraft produced in France shortly before and during the First World War. It was a refined version of the Farman MF.11 "Shorthorn" that did away with the type's distinctive landing skids, and incorporated design features from Henri Farman's designs. It entered service with the French, Belgian and Serbian armies in 1913 (two aircraft conducted reconnaissance during the Siege of Scutari in the First Balkan War and one crashed), and with the British RFC and RNAS shortly after the outbreak of war. The type was also licence-built in the UK by Airco and Grahame-White.

The HF.20 was seriously underpowered, and a variety of engines were trialled in the hope of correcting this, none with much success. The problem was eventually solved only when an engine of twice the power of the original powerplant was fitted to the HF.27 variant, by which time the aircraft was already obsolete. Nevertheless, the performance of the HF.20 made it adequate for use on secondary fronts.

Variants

[edit]
HF.20
original version with Gnome Lambda engine
HF.21
15.5 m (51 ft) span and increased wing area version with Gnome Lambda engine. At least one of the few built, entered service with the Fliegertruppe of Switzerland.
HF.22
15.58 m (51.1 ft) span and increased wing area version with Gnome Lambda engine.
HF.22 floatplane
(aka HF.22bis or Savoia-built HF.22-H)
HF.23
18.08 m (59.3 ft) span version with Gnome Lambda engine
HF.24
11.5 m (38 ft) span aerobatic version with Gnome Lambda engine
HF.27
155 hp (116 kW) Canton-Unné R9 engine or 240 hp (180 kW) Renault engine with a revised undercarriage that included nose wheels similar to the Voisin III.

Operators

[edit]
HF-20 of the Swiss Air Force during the First World War
 Argentina
 Belgium
 Denmark
 France
Escadrille HF 1
Escadrille HF 7
Escadrille HF 13
Escadrille HF 19
Escadrille HF 28
Escadrille HF 32
 Greece
 Kingdom of Italy
 Japan
 Netherlands
 Romania
 Russia
 Serbia
 Soviet Union
 Sweden
  Switzerland
 United Kingdom
South Africa Union of South Africa

Specifications (HF.20)

[edit]

Data from French aircraft of the First World War[1]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2 (pilot and observer)
  • Length: 8.06 m (26 ft 5 in)
  • Wingspan: 13.65 m (44 ft 9 in)
  • Height: 3.15 m (10 ft 4 in)
  • Wing area: 35 m2 (380 sq ft)
  • Empty weight: 360 kg (794 lb)
  • Gross weight: 660 kg (1,455 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Gnome Lambda 7-cylinder air-cooled rotary piston engine, 60 kW (80 hp)
  • Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch wooden pusher propeller

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 165 km/h (103 mph, 89 kn)
  • Range: 315 km (196 mi, 170 nmi)
  • Endurance: 3 hours
  • Service ceiling: 1,050 m (3,440 ft)
  • Time to altitude: 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in 22 minutes
  • Wing loading: 18 kg/m2 (3.7 lb/sq ft)

Armament

  • Guns: 1 × machine gun on flexible mount for observer
  • Bombs: small load of 75 mm (3.0 in) bombs

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Davilla, Dr. James J.; Soltan, Arthur M. (January 2002). French aircraft of the First World War. Flying Machines Press. pp. 207–212. ISBN 1891268090.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Klaauw, Bart van der (March–April 1999). "Unexpected Windfalls: Accidentally or Deliberately, More than 100 Aircraft 'arrived' in Dutch Territory During the Great War". Air Enthusiast (80): 54–59. ISSN 0143-5450.
  • Liron, Jean (1984). Les avions Farman. Collection Docavia. Vol. 21. Paris: Éditions Larivière. OCLC 37146471.
  • Thomas, Andrew. "In the Footsteps of Daedulus: Early Greek Naval Aviation". Air Enthusiast, No. 94, July–August 2001, pp. 8–9. ISSN 0143-5450

Further reading

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Farman HF.20.
  • Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions. pp. 380–381.
  • World Aircraft Information Files. London: Bright Star Publishing. pp. File 894 Sheet 14–15.
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