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{{Short description|United Kingdom government ministerial department}}
{{Short description|Ministerial department of the UK Government}}
{{About|the British Government department|a working room or study in a domestic dwelling|Study (room)|small businesses operated from home|Home-office}}
{{About||a working room or study in a domestic dwelling|Study (room)|small businesses operated from home|Small office/home office}}
{{redirect|Home Department|other uses|Ministry of home affairs}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}{{Use British English|date=October 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox government agency
{{Infobox government agency
|type = Department
| type = Department
|agency_name = Home Office
| agency_name = Home Office
|seal =
| seal =
|seal_size =
| seal_size =
|seal_caption =
| seal_caption =
|seal_alt =
| seal_alt =
|logo = Home Office.svg
| logo = Home Office.svg
|logo_size =
| logo_size =
|logo_caption =
| logo_caption =
|logo_alt =
| logo_alt =
|image = Marsham Street.jpg
| image = Fancy Roof on the Home Office - geograph.org.uk - 3093783.jpg
|image_size = 275px
| image_size = 140
|image_caption = [[2 Marsham Street]], the headquarters of the Home Office
| image_caption = [[2 Marsham Street]], [[Westminster]]
|image_alt =
| image_alt =
|formed = {{Start date and age|1782|3|27|df=yes}}
| formed = {{Start date and age|1782|3|27|df=yes}}
|preceding1 = [[Southern Department (England)|Southern Department]]
| preceding1 = [[Southern Department (Great Britain)|Southern Department]]
|agency_type =
| agency_type =
|jurisdiction = United Kingdom (but in respect of most policing and justice matters: [[England and Wales]] only)
| jurisdiction = [[Government of the United Kingdom]]
|status =
| status =
|headquarters = 2 Marsham Street, London, SW1P 4DF
| headquarters = 2 Marsham Street, London, SW1P 4DF
|coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}} -->
| coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}} -->
|motto =
| motto =
|employees =
| employees =
|budget = £10.8 billion (current) and £500 million (capital) in 2018–19<ref>{{Cite book|title=Budget 2018|year=2018|publisher=[[HM Treasury]]|location=London|url=https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Departmental-Overview-Home-Office-2017-18.pdf|access-date=30 July 2019|pages=23–24}}</ref>
| budget = £20.3 billion (2022–2023)<ref>{{Citation |title=Home Office annual report and accounts: 2022 to 2023 |date=2023-09-19 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/home-office-annual-report-and-accounts-2022-to-2023 |publisher=Home Office |isbn=978-1-5286-4083-1}}</ref>
|minister_type =
| minister_type = Secretary of State
|minister1_name = [[Priti Patel]]
| minister1_name = [[Yvette Cooper]] MP
|minister1_pfo = [[Home Secretary]]
| minister1_pfo = [[Home Secretary]]
| deputyminister_type = Ministers of State (attending Cabinet)
|chief1_name = [[Matthew Rycroft]]
| deputyminister2_name =
|chief1_position= Permanent Secretary
| deputyminister2_pfo =
|parent_department=
| deputyminister3_name =
|child1_agency =
| deputyminister3_pfo =
|child2_agency =
| minister4_name =
|child3_agency =
| minister4_pfo =
|website = {{Official URL}}
| minister5_name =
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| minister5_pfo =
| minister6_name =
|map_caption =
| minister6_pfo =
|map_alt =
| minister7_name =
|footnotes =
| minister7_pfo =
| minister8_name =
| minister8_pfo =
| chief1_name = [[Matthew Rycroft|Sir Matthew Rycroft]]
| chief1_position = Permanent Secretary
| parent_department =
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| child2_agency =
| child3_agency =
| website = {{Official URL}}
| map =
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}}
}}

[[File:Home Office Immigration Enforcement vehicle north Finchley.jpg|thumb|A Home Office Immigration Enforcement vehicle in north London.]]
[[File:Home Office Immigration Enforcement vehicle north Finchley.jpg|thumb|A Home Office Immigration Enforcement vehicle in north London]]
The '''Home Office''' ('''HO'''), also known (especially in official papers and when referred to in Parliament) as the '''Home Department''',<ref>{{Cite web|author=Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster|url=https://Publications.Parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmhansrd/cm080609/debtext/80609-0001.htm#0806094000006|title=Hansard – Oral Questions to the Home Department – 9 June 2008|website=Publications.Parliament.uk|publisher=[[Government of the United Kingdom]]|date=9 June 2008|access-date=19 June 2010}}</ref> is a ministerial department of the [[Government of the United Kingdom]], responsible for [[Immigration to the United Kingdom|immigration]], [[security]], and [[Law enforcement in the United Kingdom|law and order]]. As such, it is responsible for [[police|policing]] in England and Wales, [[Fire services in the United Kingdom|fire and rescue services]] in England, [[UK Visas and Immigration|visas and immigration]], and the [[MI5|Security Service (MI5)]]. It is also in charge of government policy on security-related issues such as [[drugs]], [[counter-terrorism]], and [[ID cards]]. It was formerly responsible for [[Her Majesty's Prison Service]] and the [[National Probation Service]], but these have been transferred to the [[Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Justice]]. The Cabinet minister responsible for the department is the [[Home Secretary]], a post considered one of the [[Great Offices of State]]; it has been held since July 2019 by [[Priti Patel]].

The '''Home Office''' ('''HO'''), also known (especially in official papers and when referred to in Parliament) as the '''Home Department''',<ref>{{Cite web|author=((Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster))|url=https://Publications.Parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmhansrd/cm080609/debtext/80609-0001.htm#0806094000006|title=Hansard – Oral Questions to the Home Department – 9 June 2008|website=Publications.Parliament.uk|publisher=[[Government of the United Kingdom]]|date=9 June 2008|access-date=19 June 2010}}</ref> is a [[Departments of the Government of the United Kingdom|ministerial department]] of the [[Government of the United Kingdom]]. It is responsible for [[Immigration to the United Kingdom|immigration]], [[security]], and [[Law enforcement in the United Kingdom|law and order]]. As such, it is responsible for policing in England and Wales, [[Fire services in the United Kingdom|fire and rescue services]] in England, [[Border Force]], [[UK Visas and Immigration|visas and immigration]], and the [[MI5|Security Service (MI5)]]. It is also in charge of government policy on security-related issues such as [[drugs]], [[counterterrorism]], and [[immigration]]. It was formerly responsible for [[His Majesty's Prison Service]] and the [[National Probation Service]], but these have been transferred to the [[Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Justice]].

The Cabinet minister responsible for the department is the [[Home Secretary|home secretary]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Secretary of State for the Home Department - GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/ministers/secretary-of-state-for-the-home-department |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=www.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref> a post considered one of the [[Great Offices of State]]; it has been held by [[Yvette Cooper]] since July 2024. The Home Office is managed from day to day by a [[civil servant]], the [[Permanent Under-Secretary of State of the Home Office|permanent under-secretary of state of the Home Office]].

The expenditure, administration, and policy of the Home Office are scrutinised by the [[Home Affairs Select Committee]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/83/home-affairs-committee/role/ |title=Role - Home Affairs Committee |work=parliament.uk |access-date=28 February 2022 |quote=The House of Commons appoints the Committee with the task of examining the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Home Office and its associated public bodies.}}</ref>


==Organisation==
==Organisation==
<!--This page is about a British subject. In British English, 'organisation' is spelt with an 's' not a 'z' - this is the spelling used by the Home Office itself, as per http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/about-us/organisation/ Please respect this and do not alter the spelling.-->
<!--This page is about a British subject. In British English, 'organisation' is spelt with an 's' not a 'z' - this is the spelling used by the Home Office itself, as per http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/about-us/organisation/ Please respect this and do not alter the spelling.-->
The Home Office is headed by the [[Home Secretary]], a Cabinet minister supported by the department's senior civil servant, the [[permanent secretary]].
The Home Office is headed by the [[Home Secretary|home secretary]], a Cabinet minister, supported by the department's senior civil servant, the [[permanent secretary]].


===Organisational structure===
As of October 2014, the Home Office comprises the following organisations:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.GOV.uk/government/organisations|title=Departments, agencies and public bodies - GOV.UK|website=GOV.uk|publisher=[[Government of the United Kingdom]]|access-date=2 November 2017}}</ref>


The Home Office comprises eleven directorates that help fulfil the department's responsibilities.<ref>{{Citation |title=Teams - Home Office Careers |url=https://careers.homeoffice.gov.uk/teams |website=careers.homeoffice.gov.uk|publisher=Home Office |access-date=13 April 2024}}</ref>
===Non-ministerial government departments===
*[[National Crime Agency]] (NCA)
*[[MI5|Security Service]] (MI5)


====Immigration====
===Inspectorates / accountability===
*[[Border Force]] – controls migration at ports and airports across the UK and overseas.
*[[HM Inspectorate of Constabulary]]
*[[Border Security Command]] – combats [[People smuggling|smuggling gangs]] that facilitate [[English Channel migrant crossings (2018–present)|illegal migrant crossings over the English Channel]].
*[[Independent Chief Inspector of Borders and Immigration]]
*[[HM Passport Office]] – provides passport and civil registration services in England and Wales.
*[[Independent Office for Police Conduct]] and other oversight bodies
*[[Immigration Enforcement]] – responsible for enforcing immigration law in the UK.
*[[Home Affairs Select Committee]]
*[[UK Visas and Immigration]] – processes visa, asylum, and citizenship applications.
*[[Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Fire Services|HM Chief Inspector of Fire Services]]
*Migration and Borders Group – responsible for immigration policymaking.


====Public services and policing====
===Divisions===
*Public Safety Group – responsible for policy areas including fire, policing, and crime reduction. Also responsible for implementing the [[Emergency Services Network]].
*[[Border Force]]
*[[Office for Security and Counter-Terrorism|Homeland Security Group]] – develops policy and works with law enforcement and intelligence services to reduce risk from [[Terrorism in the United Kingdom|Terrorism]], state threats, and [[Organized crime|organised crime]] to the UK.
*[[HM Passport Office]]
*[[Immigration Enforcement]]
*[[Corporate Services]]
*[[UK Visas and Immigration]]
*[[Office for Security and Counter-Terrorism]]


====Other====
===Non-departmental public bodies===
*Corporate and Delivery – fulfils corporate duties such as [[human resources]], [[project management]], [[corporate finance|finance]], and [[information technology|IT]].
*[[Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs]]
*Communications Directorate – delivers communications to the wider public to achieve the Home Office's objectives.
*[[Animals in Science Committee]]
*STARS (Science, Technology, Analysis, Research, and Strategy) – performs data and evidence [[Analytics|analysis]] to maximise organisational effectiveness.

===Other related public bodies===

As of April 2024, the Home Office works with the following agencies and public bodies:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations#home-office|title=Departments, agencies and public bodies - GOV.UK|website=GOV.UK|publisher=UK Government|access-date=13 April 2024}}</ref>

====Executive non-departmental public bodies====
*[[Disclosure and Barring Service]] (DBS)
*[[Disclosure and Barring Service]] (DBS)
*[[Gangmasters and Labour Abuse Authority]]
*[[Gangmasters and Labour Abuse Authority]]
*[[Independent Police Complaints Commission]] (IPCC)
*[[Independent Office for Police Conduct]] (IOPC)
*[[Investigatory Powers Tribunal]]
*[[Migration Advisory Committee]]
*[[National DNA Database Ethics Group]]
*[[Office of Surveillance Commissioners]]
*[[Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner]]
*[[Office of the Immigration Services Commissioner]]
*[[Security Industry Authority]] (SIA)

====Advisory non-departmental public bodies====
*[[Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs]]
*[[Animals in Science Committee]]
*[[Biometrics and Forensic Ethics Group]]
*[[Migration Advisory Committee]]
*[[Police Advisory Board for England and Wales]]
*[[Police Advisory Board for England and Wales]]
*[[Police Discipline Appeals Tribunal]]
*[[Police Remuneration Review Body]]
*[[Police Remuneration Review Body]]
*[[Security Industry Authority]] (SIA)
*[[Surveillance Camera Commissioner]]
*[[Technical Advisory Board]]
*[[Technical Advisory Board]]


===Operations===
====Tribunals====
*[[Investigatory Powers Tribunal]]
A number of functions of the [[National Policing Improvement Agency]] were transferred to the Home Office in October 2012, ahead of the future abolition of the agency.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.NPIA.police.uk/en/19482.htm|title=Where have NPIA products and services moved to?|year=2012|website=www.NPIA.police.uk|publisher=[[National Policing Improvement Agency]]|access-date=10 February 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118034942/http://www.npia.police.uk/en/19482.htm|archive-date=18 January 2013}}</ref>
*[[Police Discipline Appeals Tribunal]]


====Independent monitoring bodies====
These included:
*[[Biometrics and Surveillance Camera Commissioner]]
*Use of the [[Airwave (communications network)|Airwave]] communications system by police forces
*[[Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner]]
*The [[Police National Database]]
*[[Independent Chief Inspector of Borders and Immigration]]
*The [[United Kingdom National DNA Database|National DNA Database]]

*Legislative powers regarding police employment
====Others====
*Forensics policy
*[[Adjudicator's Office]]
*The National Procurement Hub for information technology
*[[College of Policing]]
*[[Commission for Countering Extremism]]
*[[Forensic Science Regulator]]
*[[His Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services]]
*[[Independent Family Returns Panel]]
*[[Independent Reviewer of Terrorism Legislation]]
*[[Investigatory Powers Commissioner's Office]]
*[[National Counter Terrorism Security Office]]
*[[National Crime Agency Renumeration Review Body]]
*[[MI5|Security Service]] (MI5)

===Budget and spending===
In the financial year 2022–2023, the Home Office had a total budget of £20.3 billion.<ref>{{Citation |title=Home Office annual report and accounts: 2022 to 2023 |date=2023-09-19 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/home-office-annual-report-and-accounts-2022-to-2023 |website=GOV.UK |publisher=Home Office |isbn=978-1-5286-4083-1}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Spending by financial year
|-
! rowspan=2 | Directorate
! colspan=2 | 2022–2023
|-
! Resource<br>(£millions) !! Capital<br>(£millions)
|-
| Delivery || 77.8 || 3.0
|-
| STARS || 34.6 || 43.0
|-
| Homeland Security Group || 1,125.1 || 157.8
|-
| Public Safety Group || 11,204.4 || 225.4
|-
| Migration & Borders || 228.0 || 172.2
|-
| Customer Service (UKVI & HMPO) || -3,166.3 || 87.4
|-
| Asylum & Protection || 4,498.8 || 6.9
|-
| Borders & Enforcement || 1,404.8 || 135.4
|-
| Corporate Enablers || 945.6 || 37.9
|-
| Digital Data & Technology || 473.0 || 40.0
|-
| Legal || 11.1 || -
|-
| Communications || 8.6 || -
|-
| Arms Length Bodies || 99.9 || 16.4
|- class=sortbottom
! Total !! 17,005.3 !! 925.4
|}


==Home Office ministers==
==Home Office ministers==
The Home Office ministers are as follows:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our ministers|url=https://www.GOV.uk/government/organisations/home-office|website=GOV.UK|publisher=Home Office|access-date=1 August 2019}}</ref>
The Home Office ministers are as follows, with cabinet ministers in bold.<ref>{{OGL-attribution|{{Cite web|title=Our ministers|url=https://www.GOV.uk/government/organisations/home-office|website=GOV.UK|publisher=Home Office|access-date=28 September 2022}}}}</ref>


{|class=wikitable
{|class=wikitable
!width=125pt|Minister!!width=130pt|title!!portfolio
! width=95x|Minister
! Portrait
! Office
! Portfolio
|-
|-
| '''[[Yvette Cooper]]''' <small>MP</small>
|The Rt Hon. [[Priti Patel]] MP
| [[File:Yvette Cooper 2024.jpg|alt=|133x133px]]
|[[Secretary of State (United Kingdom)|Secretary of State]]
| [[Home Secretary|Secretary of State for the Home Department]]
|Overall responsibility for the work of the department; overarching responsibility for the departmental portfolio and oversight of the ministerial team; cabinet; National Security Council (NSC); public appointments; MI5 oversight.
| Overall responsibility for all Home Office business, including: overarching responsibility for the departmental portfolio and oversight of the ministerial team; cabinet; National Security Council (NSC); public appointments; oversight of the Security Service<ref>{{cite web |title=Secretary of State for the Home Department - GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/ministers/secretary-of-state-for-the-home-department|website=GOV.UK |access-date=7 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Dan Jarvis]] <small>MP</small>
|The Rt Hon. [[James Brokenshire]] MP
|[[File:Dan Jarvis official portrait, 2024 (cropped).jpg|133x133px]]
|[[Minister for Security|Minister of State for Security]]
|[[Minister of State for Security]]
|Counter terrorism – prepare, prevent, pursue, protect; serious and organised crime; cybercrime; economic crime; hostile state activity; extradition; royal and VIP protection; online harms; Common Travel Area; aviation and maritime security; Commons lead on transition period (named EU Exit Operations board deputy); fire; Grenfell; flooding/hurricane/natural disaster relief; ensuring COVID-19 regulations continue to consider security (crowded places, insider threat, data retention extension); oversight of fraud during COVID-19.
|Counter terrorism and extremism; state threats; cyber security and crime; serious and organised crime; oversight of the National Crime Agency; anti-corruption; economic crime (excluding fraud)<ref>{{cite web |title=Minister of State (Minister for Security) - GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/ministers/minister-of-state--174 |access-date=3 August 2024 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Angela Eagle|Dame Angela Eagle]] <small>MP</small>
|[[Kit Malthouse]] MP
| [[File:Angela Eagle official portrait. 2024 (cropped).jpg|frameless|133x133px]]
|[[Minister for Policing|Minister of State for Crime & Policing]]
| [[Minister of State for Border Security and Asylum]]
|Policing; crime; county lines; criminal justice system; acquisitive crime; public protection and protests; undercover policing; Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (HMICFRS); police technology; police powers; facial recognition; major events; football policing; reoffending; unauthorised encampments; firearms; serious violence; drugs and alcohol.
| Border Security Command; asylum policy; asylum accommodation; returns and removals; irregular migration policy; organised immigration crime; foreign national offenders; Immigration Enforcement; small boat arrivals; National Referral Mechanism<ref>{{cite web |title=Minister of State (Minister for Border Security and Asylum) - GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/ministers/minister-of-state--186 |website=GOV.UK |access-date=5 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Seema Malhotra]] <small>MP</small>
|The Rt Hon. [[Susan Williams, Baroness Williams of Trafford|The Baroness Williams of Trafford]]
| [[File:Seema Malhotra official portrait, 2024 (cropped).jpg|frameless|133x133px]]
|[[Minister of State for Home Affairs (United Kingdom)|Minister of State for Countering Extremism]]
| [[Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Migration and Citizenship]]
|All Home Office business in the [[House of Lords]]; overall corporate lead including Spending Review and Budget; data and identity; enablers; digital and technology including the emergency services network; public appointments; sponsorship unit; countering extremism; hate crime; forensic science and DNA.
| Legal migration policy; Immigration Rules and visa policy; Windrush Compensation Scheme; Future Borders and Immigration System; HM Passport Office; General Register Office; Border Force operation; safe and legal routes and resettlement<ref>{{cite web |title=Minister of State (Minister for Migration and Citizenship) - GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/ministers/parliamentary-under-secretary-of-state--243|website=GOV.UK |access-date=5 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Dame Diana Johnson]] <small>MP</small>
|The Rt Hon. [[Stephen Greenhalgh|The Lord Greenhalgh]]
| [[File:Diana Johnson in 2024 (cropped).jpg|frameless|133x133px]]
|[[Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department#Ministers of State for Home Affairs (1960-)|Minister of State for Building Safety and Communities]]<br>(Jointly with [[Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government|MoHC&LG]])
| [[Minister of State for Policing, Fire and Crime Prevention]]
|Building Safety Programme; Grenfell recovery and public inquiry; Resilience and Emergencies Minister, including transformation and non-Covid/Transition winter response (e.g. flooding); Leasehold and freehold abuses; faith and communities; Holocaust Memorial.
| Policing standards and governance; neighbourhood policing; fire policy and operations; public order, major events, and civil contingencies; criminal justice system; Young Futures; Safer Streets
|-
|-
| [[David Hanson, Baron Hanson of Flint]] <small>MP</small>
|[[Victoria Atkins]] MP
| [[File:Official portrait of Lord Hanson of Flint crop 2.jpg|frameless|133x133px]]
|[[Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Safeguarding|Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Safeguarding]]
| Minister of State for the Home Department
|Modern slavery and the national referral mechanism; domestic abuse; violence against women and girls including female genital mutilation (FGM) and forced marriage; early youth intervention on serious violence; [[Disclosure and Barring Service]] (DBS); victims; child sexual abuse and exploitation; Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse; Gangmasters and Labour Abuse Authority; sexual violence including the rape review; anti-social behaviour; prostitution; stalking; online internet safety/WeProtect; victims of terrorism; Security Industry Authority.
| Fraud; departmental finance; Home Office business in the Lords; Overseas Territories; public appointments and sponsorship; inquiries; union and devolution<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rt Hon Lord Hanson of Flint |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/people/david-hanson#:~:text=Role-,Biography,Flint%20on%2019%20July%202024. |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Jess Phillips]] <small>MP</small>
|[[Kevin Foster (politician)|Kevin Foster]] MP
| [[File:Jess Phillips official portrait, 2024 (cropped).jpg|133x133px]]
|[[Minister of State for Immigration|Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Immigration and Future Borders]]
| [[Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Safeguarding|Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Victims and Safeguarding]]
|Design and implementation of a) the UK's points-based system, b) digital and secure borders including Electronic Travel Authorities; counting in and counting out; current and future visa system including fees; global visa operations; net migration; immigration rules; immigration system simplification; exit checks; Immigration Bill; EU Settlement Scheme; immigration casework; sponsorship of [[UK Visas and Immigration]] (UKVI), [[HM Passport Office|Her Majesty's Passport Office]] (HMPO) and Borders, Immigration and Citizenship System (BICS) policy directorates; border health measures (cross-government policy, [[Department for Transport|DfT]] lead)
| Violence against women and girls; safeguarding; rape and serious sexual offences; violent crime and domestic abuse; child sexual abuse and exploitation; modern slavery; spiking
|-
|[[Chris Philp]] MP
|[[Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Immigration Compliance and Courts|Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Immigration Compliance and Courts]]<br>(Jointly with [[Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)|MoJ]])
|Compliance environment; detention; returns; foreign; national offenders; illegal immigration strategy; overseas development aid; Immigration Enforcement; asylum; resettlement; casework; nationality; animals (illegal wildlife trade); sponsorship of Border Force and Immigration Enforcement directorates.
|}
|}


Line 142: Line 224:


==Priorities==
==Priorities==
The Department outlined its aims for this Parliament in its Business Plan, which was published in May 2011, and superseded its Structural Reform Plan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Business Plan|url=http://www.HomeOffice.gov.uk/publications/about-us/corporate-publications/business-plan/ho-business-plan-2011-15/|website=www.HomeOffice.gov.uk|publisher=Home Office|access-date=12 April 2012}}</ref> The plan said the department will:
The department outlined its aims for this Parliament in its Business Plan, which was published in May 2011, and superseded its Structural Reform Plan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home Office business plan 2011 to 2015 |date= 12 May 2011 |url=http://www.HomeOffice.gov.uk/publications/about-us/corporate-publications/business-plan/ho-business-plan-2011-15/|publisher=Home Office|access-date=12 April 2012}}</ref> The plan said the department will:


::1. Empower the public to hold the police to account for their role in cutting crime
#Empower the public to hold the police to account for their role in cutting crime{{snd}}Introduce directly elected [[Police and Crime Commissioner]]s and make police actions to tackle crime and anti-social behaviour more transparent.
# Free up the police to fight crime more effectively and efficiently{{snd}}Cut police bureaucracy, end unnecessary central interference and overhaul police powers in order to cut crime, reduce costs and improve police value for money. Simplify national institutional structures and establish a [[National Crime Agency]] to strengthen the fight against organised crime (and replace the [[Serious Organised Crime Agency]]).
:::*Introduce directly elected [[Police and Crime Commissioner]]s and make police actions to tackle crime and anti-social behaviour more transparent.
# Create a more integrated criminal justice system{{snd}}Help the police and other public services work together across the criminal justice system.
::2. Free up the police to fight crime more effectively and efficiently
# Secure our borders and reduce immigration{{snd}}Deliver an improved migration system that commands public confidence and serves our economic interests. Limit non-EU economic migrants, and introduce new measures to reduce inflow and minimise abuse of all migration routes, for example the student route. Process asylum applications more quickly, and end the detention of children for immigration purposes.
:::*Cut police bureaucracy, end unnecessary central interference and overhaul police powers in order to cut crime, reduce costs and improve police value for money. Simplify national institutional structures and establish a [[National Crime Agency]] to strengthen the fight against organised crime (and replace the [[Serious Organised Crime Agency]]).
# Protect people's freedoms and civil liberties{{snd}}Reverse state interference to ensure there is not disproportionate intrusion into people's lives.
::3. Create a more integrated criminal justice system
# Protect our citizens from terrorism{{snd}}Keep people safe through the Government's approach to counter-terrorism.
:::*Help the police and other public services work together across the criminal justice system.
# Build a fairer and more equal society (through the [[Government Equalities Office]]){{snd}}Help create a fair and [[labour market flexibility|flexible labour market]]. Change culture and attitudes. Empower individuals and communities. Improve equality structures, frontline services and support; and help Government departments and others to consider equality as a matter of course.
::4. Secure our borders and reduce immigration
:::*Deliver an improved migration system that commands public confidence and serves our economic interests. Limit non-EU economic migrants, and introduce new measures to reduce inflow and minimise abuse of all migration routes, for example the student route. Process asylum applications more quickly, and end the detention of children for immigration purposes.
::5. Protect people's freedoms and civil liberties
:::*Reverse state interference to ensure there is not disproportionate intrusion into people's lives.
::6. Protect our citizens from terrorism
:::*Keep people safe through the Government's approach to counter-terrorism.
::7. Build a fairer and more equal society (through the [[Government Equalities Office]])
:::*Help create a fair and [[labour market flexibility|flexible labour market]]. Change culture and attitudes. Empower individuals and communities. Improve equality structures, frontline services and support; and help Government Departments and others to consider equality as a matter of course.


The Home Office publishes progress against the plan on the [[10 Downing Street]] website.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Business Plan: Home Office|url=http://Transparency.Number10.GOV.uk/transparency/srp/view-srp/40|website=Transparency.Number10.GOV.uk|publisher=[[10 Downing Street]]|access-date=12 April 2012}}</ref>
The Home Office publishes progress against the plan on the [[10 Downing Street]] website.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Business Plan: Home Office|url=http://transparency.number10.gov.uk/transparency/srp/view-srp/40|website=Transparency.Number10.GOV.uk|publisher=[[10 Downing Street]]|access-date=12 April 2012|archive-date=5 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405091510/http://transparency.number10.gov.uk/transparency/srp/view-srp/40|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
On {{Start date and age|1782|03|27|df=yes}}, the Home Office was formed by renaming the existing [[Southern Department (England)|Southern Department]], with all existing staff transferring. On the same day, the [[Northern Department]] was renamed the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|Foreign Office]].
On {{Start date and age|1782|03|27|df=yes}}, the Home Office was formed by renaming the existing [[Southern Department (Great Britain)|Southern Department]], with all existing staff transferring. On the same day, the [[Northern Department]] was renamed the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|Foreign Office]].


To match the new names, there was a transferring of responsibilities between the two Departments of State. All domestic responsibilities (including colonies) were moved to the Home Office, and all foreign matters became the concern of the Foreign Office.
To match the new names, there was a transferring of responsibilities between the two Departments of State. All domestic responsibilities (including colonies, previously administered under the [[Board of Trade]]) were moved to the Home Office, and all foreign matters (including the administration of [[British protectorate]]s) became the concern of the Foreign Office.


Most subsequently created domestic departments (excluding, for instance, those dealing with education) have been formed by splitting responsibilities away from the Home Office.
Most subsequently created domestic departments (excluding, for instance, those dealing with education) have been formed by splitting responsibilities away from the Home Office.


The initial responsibilities were:
The initial responsibilities were:

*Answering [[petition]]s and addresses sent to the King
*Answering [[petition]]s and addresses sent to the King
*Advising the King on
*Advising the King on
**Royal grants
**Royal grants
**[[Warrant (law)|Warrant]]s and [[letter patent|commissions]]
**[[Warrant (law)|Warrant]]s and [[letters patent|commissions]]
**The exercise of [[Royal Prerogative (United Kingdom)|Royal Prerogative]]
**The exercise of [[royal prerogative in the United Kingdom|Royal Prerogative]]
*Issuing instructions on behalf of the King to officers of [[the Crown]], [[Lord-lieutenant|lords-lieutenant]] and [[magistrates]], mainly concerning law and order
*Issuing instructions on behalf of the King to officers of [[The Crown]], [[Lord-lieutenant|lords-lieutenant]] and [[magistrates]], mainly concerning law and order
*Operation of the secret service within the UK
*Operation of the secret service within the UK
*Protecting the public
*Protecting the public
Line 184: Line 260:
*1794 removed: control of [[British armed forces|military forces]] (to [[Secretary of State for War]])
*1794 removed: control of [[British armed forces|military forces]] (to [[Secretary of State for War]])
*1801 removed: [[British Empire|colonial]] business (to [[Secretary of State for War and the Colonies]])
*1801 removed: [[British Empire|colonial]] business (to [[Secretary of State for War and the Colonies]])
*1804 removed: [[Barbary States|Barbary State]] consuls (to Secretary of State for War and the Colonies)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.Google.co.uk/search?hl=en&tbm=bks&ei=LUuNXN-GIIGp1fAP-MOc2AI&q=%22The+consuls+remained+under+the+direction+of+the+Home+department+until+May+1804%22&oq=%22The+consuls+remained+under+the+direction+of+the+Home+department+until+May+1804%22&gs_l=psy-ab.3...14337.17317.0.22962.2.2.0.0.0.0.72.136.2.2.0....0...1c.1j2.64.psy-ab..0.0.0....0.jto7e-y4Q2Y|title=Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research|volume=Volumes 23-24|publisher=Longmans, Green|year=1950|page=197}}</ref>
*1804 removed: [[Barbary States|Barbary State]] consuls (to Secretary of State for War and the Colonies)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.Google.co.uk/search?hl=en&tbm=bks&ei=LUuNXN-GIIGp1fAP-MOc2AI&q=%22The+consuls+remained+under+the+direction+of+the+Home+department+until+May+1804%22&oq=%22The+consuls+remained+under+the+direction+of+the+Home+department+until+May+1804%22&gs_l=psy-ab.3...14337.17317.0.22962.2.2.0.0.0.0.72.136.2.2.0....0...1c.1j2.64.psy-ab..0.0.0....0.jto7e-y4Q2Y|title=Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research|volume=23-24|publisher=Longmans, Green|year=1950|page=197}}</ref>
*1823 added: [[prison]]s
*1823 added: [[prison]]s
*1829 added: [[Metropolitan Police Service|Metropolitan Police]] and other [[Law enforcement in the United Kingdom|police services]]
*1829 added: [[Metropolitan Police Service|Metropolitan Police]] and other [[Law enforcement in the United Kingdom|police services]]
Line 190: Line 266:
*1844 added: [[naturalisation]]
*1844 added: [[naturalisation]]
*1845 added: registration of [[Friendly society|Friendly Societies]]
*1845 added: registration of [[Friendly society|Friendly Societies]]
*1855 removed: [[Yeomanry|yeomanries]] and [[militia]]s (to [[War Office]])
*1855 removed: [[Yeomanry|yeomanries]] and [[militia]]s (to [[War Office]])<ref name=Han04may1855> See {{Ukhansard|house=HC|date=4 May 1855|vol=138|c=131}} Sir George Grey: 'The business of the militia was transferred from the Home Office to the War Office...'.</ref>
*1858 added: [[Local board of health|local boards of health]]
*1858 added: [[Local board of health|local boards of health]]
*1871 removed: local boards of health (to [[President of the Local Government Board|Local Government Board]])
*1871 removed: local boards of health (to [[President of the Local Government Board|Local Government Board]])
Line 211: Line 287:
*1920 removed: Representation of Britain abroad in labour matters (to [[Secretary of State for Employment|Ministry of Labour]])
*1920 removed: Representation of Britain abroad in labour matters (to [[Secretary of State for Employment|Ministry of Labour]])
*1920 removed: mining (to [[Secretary for Mines|Mines Department]])
*1920 removed: mining (to [[Secretary for Mines|Mines Department]])
*1920 added: [[Northern Ireland Department of the Home Office|Northern Ireland]]
*1921 added: [[election]]s (from the [[Secretary of State for Health|Ministry of Health]])
*1921 added: [[election]]s (from the [[Secretary of State for Health|Ministry of Health]])
*1922 removed: relations with [[Irish Free State]] (to [[Colonial Office]])
*1922 removed: relations with [[Irish Free State]] (to [[Colonial Office]])
Line 238: Line 315:
*1971 removed: [[child care]] in England (to [[Department of Health and Social Security]])
*1971 removed: [[child care]] in England (to [[Department of Health and Social Security]])
*1971 removed: child care in Wales (to [[Welsh Office]])
*1971 removed: child care in Wales (to [[Welsh Office]])
*1972 removed: [[Northern Ireland]] (to [[Northern Ireland Office]])
*1972 removed: [[Northern Ireland Department of the Home Office]] (to [[Northern Ireland Office]])
*1973 removed: [[adoption]] (to Department of Health and Social Security)
*1973 removed: [[adoption]] (to Department of Health and Social Security)
*1992 removed: [[broadcasting]] and [[sport]] (to the new Department of National Heritage – later the [[Department for Culture, Media and Sport]])
*1992 removed: [[broadcasting]] and [[sport]] (to the new Department of National Heritage – later the [[Department for Culture, Media and Sport]])
*2000 removed: [[Metropolitan Police Service|Metropolitan Police]] (to [[Metropolitan Police Authority]] - later [[Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime]])
*2000 removed: [[Metropolitan Police Service|Metropolitan Police]] (to [[Metropolitan Police Authority]] - later [[Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime]])
*2001 removed: [[election]]s (to the [[Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions]])
*2001 removed: [[Crown Dependencies]] (to [[Lord Chancellor's Department]] – now [[Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Justice]])
*2001 removed: [[Crown Dependencies]] (to [[Lord Chancellor's Department]] – now [[Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Justice]])
*2007 removed: [[Home Office Drugs Inspectorate]] branch, formed in 1934
*2007 removed: [[criminal justice]], [[prison]]s & [[probation]] and legal affairs (to new [[Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Justice]])
*2007 removed: [[criminal justice]], [[prison]]s & [[probation]] and legal affairs (to new [[Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Justice]])
*2007 added: [[counter-terrorism]] strategy (from the [[Cabinet Office]])
*2007 added: [[counter-terrorism]] strategy (from the [[Cabinet Office]])
*2016 added: fire and rescue services in England (from the [[Department for Communities and Local Government]])
*2016 added: fire and rescue services in England (from the [[Department for Communities and Local Government]])


The Home Office retains a variety of functions that have not found a home elsewhere, and sit oddly with the main law-and-order focus of the department, such as regulation of [[British Summer Time]].
The Home Office retains a variety of functions that have not found a home elsewhere and sit oddly with the main law-and-order focus of the department, such as regulation of [[British Summer Time]].


==Recent incidents==
==Recent incidents==
===Union action===
===Union action===
On 18 July 2012, the [[Public and Commercial Services Union]] announced that thousands of Home Office employees would go on [[Strike action|strike]] over jobs, pay and other issues.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.BBC.co.uk/news/uk-politics-18889900|title=Home Office staff vote to strike over jobs and pay|website=www.BBC.co.uk|publisher=[[BBC News]] – [[BBC|British Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=18 July 2012|access-date=28 July 2013}}</ref> The union called off the strike; it claimed the department had, consequent to the threat of actions, announced 1,100 new border jobs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://Union-News.co.uk/2012/07/pcs-calls-off-home-office-olympic-strike-after-extra-staff-are-posted-in/|title=PCS calls off Home Office olympic strike after extra staff are posted in|website=Union-News.co.uk|publisher=[[Union News]]|date=July 2012|access-date=24 March 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324170948/http://union-news.co.uk/2012/07/pcs-calls-off-home-office-olympic-strike-after-extra-staff-are-posted-in/|archive-date=24 March 2014}}</ref>
On 18 July 2012, the [[Public and Commercial Services Union]] announced that thousands of Home Office employees would go on [[Strike action|strike]] over jobs, pay and other issues.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.BBC.co.uk/news/uk-politics-18889900|title=Home Office staff vote to strike over jobs and pay|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=18 July 2012|access-date=28 July 2013}}</ref> The union called off the strike; it claimed the department had, consequent to the threat of actions, announced 1,100 new border jobs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://Union-News.co.uk/2012/07/pcs-calls-off-home-office-olympic-strike-after-extra-staff-are-posted-in/|title=PCS calls off Home Office olympic strike after extra staff are posted in |first1=Pete |last1=Murray |date=25 July 2012 |publisher=Union News|access-date=24 March 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324170948/http://union-news.co.uk/2012/07/pcs-calls-off-home-office-olympic-strike-after-extra-staff-are-posted-in/|archive-date=24 March 2014}}</ref>


===Windrush scandal===
===Windrush scandal===
The first allegations about the unfair targeting of pre-1973 [[Caribbean]] migrants started in 2013. In 2018, the allegations were put to the Home Secretary in the [[House of Commons]], and resulted in the resignation of the then Home Secretary. The [[Windrush scandal]] resulted in British citizens being wrongly deported, and being refused life critical medical treatment, along with a further compensation scheme for those affected, and a wider debate on the [[Home Office hostile environment policy]].
The first allegations about the targeting of pre-1973 [[Caribbean]] migrants started in 2013.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}} In 2018, the allegations were put to the home secretary in the [[House of Commons]], and resulted in the resignation of the then home secretary. The [[Windrush scandal]] resulted in some British citizens being wrongly deported, along with a further compensation scheme for those affected, and a wider debate on the [[Home Office hostile environment policy]].{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}


=== Aderonke Apata ===
=== Aderonke Apata ===
[[Aderonke Apata]], a [[Nigerians|Nigerian]] [[LGBT social movements|LGBT activist]], made two asylum claims that were both rejected by the Home Office in 2014 and on April 1, 2015 respectively, due to her previously having been in a relationship with a man and having children with that man.<ref name=":42">{{Cite news|last=Dugan|first=Emily|date=June 9, 2014|title=Aderonke Apata deportation case: 'If the Home Office doesn't believe I'm gay, I'll send them a video that proves it'|work=[[The Independent]]|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/aderonke-apata-deportation-case-if-home-office-doesn-t-believe-i-m-gay-i-ll-send-them-video-proves-it-9509738.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 30, 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201231021204/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/aderonke-apata-deportation-case-if-home-office-doesn-t-believe-i-m-gay-i-ll-send-them-video-proves-it-9509738.html|archive-date=31 December 2020}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite news|last=Dunt|first=Ian|date=March 3, 2015|title=Can you prove you're gay? Last minute legal battle for lesbian fighting deportation to Nigeria|work=[[Politics.co.uk]]|url=https://www.politics.co.uk/news/2015/03/03/can-you-prove-you-re-gay-last-minute-legal-battle-for-lesbia/|url-status=dead|access-date=December 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227143722/https://www.politics.co.uk/news/2015/03/03/can-you-prove-you-re-gay-last-minute-legal-battle-for-lesbia/|archive-date=December 27, 2015}}</ref><ref name=":72">{{Cite news|last=Ashton|first=Jack|date=August 14, 2017|title=Nigerian gay rights activist who judge accused of 'faking' her sexuality wins 13-year legal battle for asylum in UK|work=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/nigeria-gay-rights-activist-aderonke-apata-uk-asylum-granted-high-court-fake-sexulaity-lesbian-lgbt-persecution-africa-a7888931.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 30, 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201231020905/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/nigeria-gay-rights-activist-aderonke-apata-uk-asylum-granted-high-court-fake-sexulaity-lesbian-lgbt-persecution-africa-a7888931.html|archive-date=31 December 2020}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite news|last=Dugan|first=Emily|date=April 3, 2015|title=Nigerian gay rights activist has her High Court asylum bid rejected - because judge doesn't believe she is lesbian|work=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/nigerian-gay-rights-activist-has-her-high-court-asylum-bid-rejected-because-judge-doesn-t-believe-she-lesbian-10155083.html|url-status=live|access-date=December 30, 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201231020614/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/nigerian-gay-rights-activist-has-her-high-court-asylum-bid-rejected-because-judge-doesn-t-believe-she-lesbian-10155083.html|archive-date=31 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Cohen|first=Claire|date=March 4, 2015|title=Home Office tells Nigerian asylum seeker: 'You can't be a lesbian, you've got children'|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/11448766/Lesbian-Nigerian-woman-told-Prove-youre-gay-to-stay-in-Britain.htm|url-status=live|access-date=December 30, 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150422123816/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/11448766/Lesbian-Nigerian-woman-told-Prove-youre-gay-to-stay-in-Britain.html|archive-date=22 April 2015}}</ref> In 2014, Apata said that she would send an [[Pornography|explicit video]] of herself to the Home Office to prove her sexuality.<ref name=":42"/> This resulted in her asylum bid gaining widespread support, with multiple petitions created in response, which gained hundreds of thousands of signatures combined.<ref name=":72"/>
[[Aderonke Apata]], a [[Nigerians|Nigerian]] [[LGBT social movements|LGBT activist]], made two asylum claims that were both rejected by the Home Office in 2014 and on 1 April 2015 respectively, due to her previously having been in a relationship with a man and having children with that man.<ref name=":42">{{Cite news|last=Dugan|first=Emily|date=9 June 2014|title=Aderonke Apata deportation case: 'If the Home Office doesn't believe I'm gay, I'll send them a video that proves it'|work=[[The Independent]]|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/aderonke-apata-deportation-case-if-home-office-doesn-t-believe-i-m-gay-i-ll-send-them-video-proves-it-9509738.html|url-status=live|access-date=30 December 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201231021204/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/aderonke-apata-deportation-case-if-home-office-doesn-t-believe-i-m-gay-i-ll-send-them-video-proves-it-9509738.html|archive-date=31 December 2020}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite news|last=Dunt|first=Ian|date=3 March 2015|title=Can you prove you're gay? Last minute legal battle for lesbian fighting deportation to Nigeria|work=[[Politics.co.uk]]|url=https://www.politics.co.uk/news/2015/03/03/can-you-prove-you-re-gay-last-minute-legal-battle-for-lesbia/|url-status=dead|access-date=30 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227143722/https://www.politics.co.uk/news/2015/03/03/can-you-prove-you-re-gay-last-minute-legal-battle-for-lesbia/|archive-date=27 December 2015}}</ref><ref name=":72">{{Cite news|last=Ashton|first=Jack|date=14 August 2017|title=Nigerian gay rights activist who judge accused of 'faking' her sexuality wins 13-year legal battle for asylum in UK|work=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/nigeria-gay-rights-activist-aderonke-apata-uk-asylum-granted-high-court-fake-sexulaity-lesbian-lgbt-persecution-africa-a7888931.html|url-status=live|access-date=30 December 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201231020905/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/nigeria-gay-rights-activist-aderonke-apata-uk-asylum-granted-high-court-fake-sexulaity-lesbian-lgbt-persecution-africa-a7888931.html|archive-date=31 December 2020}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite news|last=Dugan|first=Emily|date=3 April 2015|title=Nigerian gay rights activist has her High Court asylum bid rejected - because judge doesn't believe she is lesbian|work=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/nigerian-gay-rights-activist-has-her-high-court-asylum-bid-rejected-because-judge-doesn-t-believe-she-lesbian-10155083.html|url-status=live|access-date=30 December 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201231020614/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/nigerian-gay-rights-activist-has-her-high-court-asylum-bid-rejected-because-judge-doesn-t-believe-she-lesbian-10155083.html|archive-date=31 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Cohen|first=Claire|date=4 March 2015|title=Home Office tells Nigerian asylum seeker: 'You can't be a lesbian, you've got children'|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/11448766/Lesbian-Nigerian-woman-told-Prove-youre-gay-to-stay-in-Britain.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=30 December 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150422123816/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/11448766/Lesbian-Nigerian-woman-told-Prove-youre-gay-to-stay-in-Britain.html|archive-date=22 April 2015}}</ref> In 2014, Apata said that she would send an [[Pornography|explicit video]] of herself to the Home Office to prove her sexuality.<ref name=":42"/> This resulted in her asylum bid gaining widespread support, with multiple petitions created in response, which gained hundreds of thousands of signatures combined.<ref name=":72"/>


On August 8, 2017, after a thirteen year legal battle and after a new appeal from Apata was scheduled for late July, she was granted refugee status in the United Kingdom by the Home Office.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Taylor|first=Diane|date=August 12, 2017|title=Nigerian gay rights activist wins UK asylum claim after 13-year battle|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/14/nigerian-gay-rights-activist-aderonke-apata-wins-uk-asylum-claim-13-year-battle|url-status=live|access-date=December 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112012506/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/14/nigerian-gay-rights-activist-aderonke-apata-wins-uk-asylum-claim-13-year-battle|archive-date=November 12, 2020}}</ref>[[File:HomeOffice QueenAnnesGate.jpg|thumb|The former Home Office building at [[50 Queen Anne's Gate]], [[London]]]]
On 8 August 2017, after a thirteen-year legal battle and after a new appeal from Apata was scheduled for late July, she was granted refugee status in the United Kingdom by the Home Office.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Taylor|first=Diane|date=12 August 2017|title=Nigerian gay rights activist wins UK asylum claim after 13-year battle|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/14/nigerian-gay-rights-activist-aderonke-apata-wins-uk-asylum-claim-13-year-battle|url-status=live|access-date=30 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112012506/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/14/nigerian-gay-rights-activist-aderonke-apata-wins-uk-asylum-claim-13-year-battle|archive-date=12 November 2020}}</ref>
[[File:HomeOffice QueenAnnesGate.jpg|thumb|The former Home Office building at [[50 Queen Anne's Gate]], [[London]]]]
[[File:Lunar House 86.jpg|250px|thumb|[[Lunar House]] in [[Croydon]], which holds the headquarters of [[UK Visas and Immigration]]]]
[[File:Lunar House 86.jpg|250px|thumb|[[Lunar House]] in [[Croydon]], which holds the headquarters of [[UK Visas and Immigration]]]]


==Location==
==Location==
Until 1978, the Home Office had its offices in what is now the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office Main Building]] on King Charles Street, off [[Whitehall]]. From 1978 to 2004, the Home Office was then located at [[102 Petty France|50 Queen Anne's Gate]], a [[Brutalist architecture|Brutalist]] office block in [[Westminster]] designed by Sir [[Basil Spence]], close to [[St. James's Park tube station]]. Many functions, however, were devolved to offices in other parts of London, and the country, notably the headquarters of the [[Immigration and Nationality Directorate]] in Croydon.
Until 1978, the Home Office had its offices in what is now the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office Main Building]] on King Charles Street, off [[Whitehall]]. From 1978 to 2004, the Home Office was then located at [[102 Petty France|50 Queen Anne's Gate]], a [[Brutalist architecture|Brutalist]] office block in [[Westminster]] designed by Sir [[Basil Spence]], close to [[St James's Park tube station]]. Many functions, however, were devolved to offices in other parts of London, and the country, notably the headquarters of the [[Immigration and Nationality Directorate]] in Croydon.


In 2005, the Home Office moved to a new main office designed by [[Terry Farrell (architect)|Sir Terry Farrell]] at [[2 Marsham Street]], Westminster, on the site of the demolished [[Marsham Towers]] building of the [[Secretary of State for the Environment|Department of the Environment]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.TerryFarrell.co.uk/projects/finishing/finish_marsham.html|title=New Home Office building|website=www.TerryFarrell.co.uk|publisher=[[Terry Farrell (architect)|Terry Farrell]]|archive-url=https://web.Archive.org/web/20060926144808/http://www.TerryFarrell.co.uk/projects/finishing/finish_marsham.html|archive-date=26 September 2006}}</ref>
In 2005, the Home Office moved to a new main office designed by [[Terry Farrell (architect)|Sir Terry Farrell]] at [[2 Marsham Street]], Westminster, on the site of the demolished [[Marsham Towers]] building of the [[Secretary of State for the Environment|Department of the Environment]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.TerryFarrell.co.uk/projects/finishing/finish_marsham.html|title=Marsham Street/The Home Office |publisher=[[Terry Farrell (architect)|Terry Farrell]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060926144808/http://www.TerryFarrell.co.uk/projects/finishing/finish_marsham.html|archive-date=26 September 2006}}</ref>


For external shots of its fictional Home Office, the TV series ''[[Spooks (TV series)|Spooks]]'' uses an aerial shot of the [[Government Offices Great George Street]] instead, serving as stand-in to match the distinctly less modern appearance of the fictitious accommodation interiors the series uses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.GOV.uk/government/history/1-horse-guards-road|title=History of 1 Horse Guards Road - GOV.UK|website=www.GOV.uk|publisher=[[Government of the United Kingdom]]|access-date=19 September 2018}}</ref>
For external shots of its fictional Home Office, the TV series ''[[Spooks (TV series)|Spooks]]'' uses an aerial shot of the [[Government Offices Great George Street]] instead, serving as stand-in to match the distinctly less modern appearance of the fictitious accommodation interiors the series uses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.GOV.uk/government/history/1-horse-guards-road|title=History of 1 Horse Guards Road |publisher=[[Government of the United Kingdom]]|access-date=19 September 2018}}</ref>


==Research==
==Research==
To meet the UK's five-year science and technology strategy,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.HomeOffice.gov.uk/documents/PoliceST_S2_part11.pdf?view=Binary|title=Police Science and Technology Strategy: 2004 – 2009|website=www.HomeOffice.gov.uk|publisher=Home Office|access-date=27 September 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205105335/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/documents/PoliceST_S2_part11.pdf?view=Binary|archive-date=5 February 2007}}</ref> the Home Office sponsors research in [[police science]]s, including:
To meet the UK's five-year science and technology strategy,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.HomeOffice.gov.uk/documents/PoliceST_S2_part11.pdf?view=Binary|title=Police Science and Technology Strategy: 2004 – 2009|publisher=Home Office|access-date=27 September 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205105335/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/documents/PoliceST_S2_part11.pdf?view=Binary|archive-date=5 February 2007}}</ref> the Home Office sponsors research in [[police science]]s, including:
*[[Biometrics]] – including face and voice recognition
*[[Biometrics]] – including face and voice recognition
*[[Cell type]] analysis – to determine the origin of cells (e.g. hair, skin)
*[[Cell type]] analysis – to determine the origin of cells (e.g. hair, skin)
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==Devolution==
==Devolution==
Most front-line law and order policy areas, such as policing and criminal justice, are devolved in [[Scotland]] and [[Northern Ireland]] (and only very partially in [[Wales]]), but the following [[reserved and excepted matters]] are handled by Westminster.
Most front-line law and order policy areas, such as policing and criminal justice, are devolved in [[Scotland]] and [[Northern Ireland]] (and only very partially in [[Wales]]), but the following [[reserved and excepted matters]] are handled by Westminster.

===Scotland===
Reserved matters:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.OPSI.GOV.uk/acts/acts1998/ukpga_19980046_en_14#sch5-pt1|title=Scotland Act 1998, Schedule 5, Part I|website=www.OPSI.GOV.uk|access-date=19 June 2010}}</ref>
*[[Misuse of Drugs Act 1971|The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971]]
*[[Extradition]] legislation, but the Scottish Ministers (through the [[Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service]]) have executive responsibility for all aspects of mutual legal assistance
*Most aspects of [[firearms]] legislation, but Scottish Ministers have some executive responsibilities for the licensing of firearms; further powers are transferred under the [[Scotland Act 2012]]
*[[Immigration]] and [[nationality]]
*[[Animal experiments|Scientific procedures]] on live animals.

The [[Scottish Government Justice and Communities Directorates]] are responsible for devolved justice and home affairs policy.


===Northern Ireland===
===Northern Ireland===
Excepted matters:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.OPSI.GOV.uk/acts/acts1998/ukpga_19980047_en_11#sch2|title=Northern Ireland Act 1998, Schedule 2|website=www.OPSI.GOV.uk|date=4 November 1950|access-date=19 June 2010}}</ref>
Excepted matters:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.OPSI.GOV.uk/acts/acts1998/ukpga_19980047_en_11#sch2|title=Northern Ireland Act 1998, Schedule 2|website=Legislation.gov.uk|date=4 November 1950|access-date=19 June 2010}}</ref>

*[[Extradition]] (as an [[international relations]] matter)
*[[Extradition]] (as an [[international relations]] matter)
*[[Immigration]] and [[nationality]]
*[[Immigration]] and [[nationality]]


The following matters were not transferred at the devolution of policing and justice on 12 April 2010, and remain reserved:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.NIAssembly.gov.uk/record/reports2009/100309.htm#4|title=''Policing and Justice'' motion, Northern Ireland Assembly, 12 April 2010|website=www.NIAssembly.gov.uk|publisher=[[Northern Ireland Assembly Information Office]]|access-date=19 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216025255/http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/record/reports2009/100309.htm#4|archive-date=16 December 2010}}</ref>
The following matters were not transferred at the devolution of policing and justice on 12 April 2010, and remain reserved:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.NIAssembly.gov.uk/record/reports2009/100309.htm#4|title=The Assembly - Official Report |date=9 March 2010 |publisher=Northern Ireland Assembly Information Office|access-date=19 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216025255/http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/record/reports2009/100309.htm#4|archive-date=16 December 2010}}</ref>

*[[Misuse of Drugs Act 1971|Drug classification]]
*[[Misuse of Drugs Act 1971|Drug classification]]
*[[Parades]]
*[[Parades]]
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The Home Office's main counterparts in [[Northern Ireland]] are:
The Home Office's main counterparts in [[Northern Ireland]] are:

*[[Department of Justice (Northern Ireland)|Department of Justice]] (policing, public order and community safety)
*[[Department of Justice (Northern Ireland)|Department of Justice]] (policing, public order and community safety)
*[[Northern Ireland Office]] (national security in Northern Ireland)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.NIO.GOV.uk/index/about-the-nio.htm|title=About the NIO|website=www.NIO.GOV.uk|publisher=[[Northern Ireland Office]]|date=12 April 2010|access-date=19 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917112740/http://www.nio.gov.uk/index/about-the-nio.htm|archive-date=17 September 2010}}</ref>
*[[Northern Ireland Office]] (national security in Northern Ireland)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.NIO.GOV.uk/index/about-the-nio.htm|title=About the NIO |publisher=[[Northern Ireland Office]] |access-date=19 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917112740/http://www.nio.gov.uk/index/about-the-nio.htm|archive-date=17 September 2010}}</ref>


The Department of Justice is accountable to the [[Northern Ireland Executive]], whereas the Northern Ireland Office is a [[United Kingdom Government|UK Government]] department.
The Department of Justice is accountable to the [[Northern Ireland Executive]], whereas the Northern Ireland Office is a [[departments of the government of the United Kingdom|UK government department]].


===Wales===
===Scotland===
Reserved matters:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.OPSI.GOV.uk/acts/acts1998/ukpga_19980046_en_14#sch5-pt1|title=Scotland Act 1998, Schedule 5, Part I|website=Legislation.gov.uk|access-date=19 June 2010}}</ref>
*[[Misuse of Drugs Act 1971|The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971]]
*[[Extradition]] legislation, but the Scottish Ministers (working with the [[Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service]]) have executive responsibility for extradition operations and policy responsibility for mutual legal assistance
*Most aspects of [[firearms]] legislation, but Scottish Ministers have some executive responsibilities for the licensing of firearms; further powers are transferred under the [[Scotland Act 2012]]
*[[Immigration]] and [[nationality]]
*[[Animal experiments|Scientific procedures]] on live animals.


The [[Scottish Government Justice and Safer Communities Directorates]] are responsible for devolved justice and home affairs policy.

===Wales===
Reserved matters:
Reserved matters:


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==Criticism==
==Criticism==
{{Criticism section|section|date=September 2021}}
In March 2019, it was reported that in two unrelated cases, the Home Office denied asylum to converted Christians by misrepresenting certain [[Bible]] quotes. In one case, it quoted selected excerpts from the Bible to imply that [[Christianity]] is not more peaceful than [[Islam]], the religion the asylum-seeker converted from.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home Office refuses Christian convert asylum by quoting Bible passages that 'prove Christianity is not peaceful'|url=https://www.Independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/home-office-christian-convert-asylum-refused-bible-not-peaceful-a8832026.html|website=www.Independent.co.uk|publisher=[[The Independent]]|date=20 March 2019|access-date=4 April 2019}}</ref> In another incident, an [[Iran]]ian Christian application for asylum was rejected because her faith was judged as "half-hearted", for she did not believe that Jesus could protect her from the Iranian regime.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Illiterate' Home Office quotes Jesus in asylum rejection letter|url=https://www.TheTablet.co.uk/news/11523/-illiterate-home-office-quotes-jesus-in-asylum-rejection-letter|website=www.TheTablet.co.uk|access-date=4 April 2019|date=27 March 2019}}</ref> As outrage grew on social media, the Home Office distanced itself from the decision, though it confirmed the letter was authentic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rejecting asylum claim, U.K. quotes Bible to say Christianity is not 'peaceful'|url=https://www.NYTimes.com/2019/03/21/world/europe/britain-asylum-seeker-christianity.html|website=www.NYTimes.com|publisher=[[New York Times]]|date=21 March 2019|access-date=4 April 2019}}</ref> The Home Secretary admitted that it was "totally unacceptable" for his department to quote the Bible to question an Iranian Christian convert's asylum application, and ordered an urgent investigation into what had happened.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home Secretary orders urgent investigation into asylum rejection letter which criticised Bible|url=https://www.Premier.org.uk/News/UK/Home-Secretary-orders-urgent-investigation-into-asylum-rejection-letter-which-criticised-Bible|website=www.Premier.org.uk|access-date=4 April 2019|date=2 April 2019}}</ref>


In March 2019, it was reported that in two unrelated cases, the Home Office denied asylum to converted Christians by misrepresenting certain [[Bible]] quotes. In one case, it quoted selected excerpts from the Bible to imply that [[Christianity]] is not more peaceful than [[Islam]], the asylum-seeker's original religion.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home Office refuses Christian convert asylum by quoting Bible passages that 'prove Christianity is not peaceful'|url=https://www.Independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/home-office-christian-convert-asylum-refused-bible-not-peaceful-a8832026.html |first1=May |last1=Bulman |work=[[The Independent]]|date=20 March 2019|access-date=4 April 2019}}</ref> In another incident, an [[Iran]]ian Christian application for asylum was rejected because her faith was judged as "half-hearted", for she did not believe that Jesus could protect her from the Iranian regime.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Illiterate' Home Office quotes Jesus in asylum rejection letter|url=https://www.TheTablet.co.uk/news/11523/-illiterate-home-office-quotes-jesus-in-asylum-rejection-letter|website=The Tablet |first1=Liz |last1=Dodd |access-date=4 April 2019|date=27 March 2019}}</ref> As criticism grew on social media, the Home Office distanced itself from the decision, though it confirmed the letter was authentic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rejecting asylum claim, U.K. quotes Bible to say Christianity is not 'peaceful'|url=https://www.NYTimes.com/2019/03/21/world/europe/britain-asylum-seeker-christianity.html |url-access=subscription |first1=Anna |last1=Schaverien |website=[[The New York Times]]|date=21 March 2019|access-date=4 April 2019}}</ref> Home Secretary [[Sajid Javid]] said that it was "totally unacceptable" for his department to quote the Bible to question an Iranian Christian convert's asylum application, and ordered an urgent investigation into what had happened.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home Secretary orders urgent investigation into asylum rejection letter which criticised Bible|url=https://www.Premier.org.uk/News/UK/Home-Secretary-orders-urgent-investigation-into-asylum-rejection-letter-which-criticised-Bible|website=Premier Christian News |first1= Eno |last1=Adeogun |access-date=4 April 2019|date=2 April 2019}}</ref>
The treatment of Christian asylum seekers chimes with other incidents in the past, like the refusal to grant [[Travel visa|visas]] to the [[Archbishop]] of [[Mosul]] to attend the consecration of the UK's first [[Syriac Orthodox]] Cathedral.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Britain bans heroic bishops: persecuted Christian leaders from war zones refused entry|url=https://www.Express.co.uk/news/uk/739563/Christians-leaders-persecuted-bishops-Iraq-Syria-visas-UK|website=www.Express.co.uk|publisher=[[Daily Express]]|access-date=4 April 2019|date=4 December 2016}}</ref> In a 2017 study, the Christian [[Barnabas Fund]] found that only 0.2% of all Syrian refugees accepted by the UK were Christians, although Christians accounted for approximately 10% of Syria's pre-war population.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UK government discriminates against Christian refugees from Syria|url=https://BarnabasFund.org/news/UK-government-discriminates-against-Christian-refugees-from-Syria|website=BarnabasFund.org|publisher=[[Barnabas Fund]]|access-date=4 April 2019}}</ref>


The treatment of Christian asylum-seekers chimes with other incidents in the past, such as the refusal to grant [[Travel visa|visas]] to the [[Archbishop]] of [[Mosul]] to attend the consecration of the UK's first [[Syriac Orthodox]] Cathedral.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Britain bans heroic bishops: persecuted Christian leaders from war zones refused entry|url=https://www.Express.co.uk/news/uk/739563/Christians-leaders-persecuted-bishops-Iraq-Syria-visas-UK |publisher=[[Daily Express]]|access-date=4 April 2019|date=4 December 2016}}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=tabloid|date=September 2021}} In a 2017 study, the Christian [[Barnabas Fund]] found that only 0.2% of all Syrian refugees accepted by the UK were Christians, although Christians accounted for approximately 10% of Syria's pre-war population.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UK government discriminates against Christian refugees from Syria|url=https://BarnabasFund.org/news/UK-government-discriminates-against-Christian-refugees-from-Syria |publisher=[[Barnabas Fund]] |date=2 November 2017 |access-date=4 April 2019 |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404171736/https://barnabasfund.org/news/UK-government-discriminates-against-Christian-refugees-from-Syria |archive-date= Apr 4, 2019}}</ref>
In 2019, the Home Office admitted to multiple breaches of data protection regulations in the handling of its Windrush compensation scheme. The department sent emails to Windrush migrants which revealed the email address of other Windrush migrants to whom the email was sent. The data breach concerned five different emails, each of which was sent to 100 recipients.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.BBC.co.uk/news/uk-47855428|title=Windrush: Home Office admits data breach in compensation scheme|website=www.BBC.co.uk|publisher=[[BBC News]] – [[BBC|British Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=8 April 2019}}</ref> In April 2019, the Home Office admitted to revealing 240 personal email addresses of EU citizens applying for settled status in the UK. The email addresses of applicants were incorrectly sent to other applicants to the scheme.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.BBC.co.uk/news/uk-politics-47888214|title=Brexit: Home Office sorry for EU citizen data breach|website=www.BBC.co.uk|publisher=[[BBC News]] – [[BBC|British Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=11 April 2019}}</ref> In response to these incidents, the Home Office pledged to launch an independent review of its data protection compliance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.CivilServiceWorld.com/articles/news/home-office-launch-independent-review-data-protection-compliance|title=Home Office to launch independent review of data protection compliance|website=www.CivilServiceWorld.com|publisher=[[Civil Service World]]|date=12 April 2019}}</ref>


In 2019, the Home Office admitted to multiple breaches of data protection regulations in the handling of its Windrush compensation scheme. The department sent emails to Windrush migrants which revealed the email address of other Windrush migrants to whom the email was sent. The data breach concerned five different emails, each of which was sent to 100 recipients.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.BBC.co.uk/news/uk-47855428 |first1=Danny |last1=Shaw |title=Windrush: Home Office admits data breach in compensation scheme|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=8 April 2019}}</ref> In April 2019, the Home Office admitted to revealing 240 personal email addresses of EU citizens applying for settled status in the UK. The email addresses of applicants were incorrectly sent to other applicants to the scheme.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.BBC.co.uk/news/uk-politics-47888214 |first1=Ross |last1=Hawkins |title=Brexit: Home Office sorry for EU citizen data breach|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=11 April 2019}}</ref> In response to these incidents, the Home Office pledged to launch an independent review of its data protection compliance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.CivilServiceWorld.com/articles/news/home-office-launch-independent-review-data-protection-compliance|title=Home Office to launch independent review of data protection compliance |first1=Beckie |last1=Smith |publisher=Civil Service World|date=12 April 2019}}</ref>
In 2019, the [[Court of Appeal]] issued a judgement which criticised the Home Office's handling of immigration cases. The judges stated that the "general approach [by the home secretary, [[Sajid Javid]]] in all earnings discrepancy cases [has been] legally flawed". The judgement relates to the Home Office's interpretation of Section 322(5) of the Immigration Rules.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.TheGuardian.com/uk-news/2019/apr/16/court-says-home-office-use-immigration-rule-legally-flawed |title=Court castigates Home Office over misuse of immigration law|website=www.TheGuardian.com|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=16 April 2019}}</ref>


In 2019, the [[Court of Appeal]] issued a judgement which criticised the Home Office's handling of immigration cases. The judges stated that the "general approach [by the home secretary, [[Sajid Javid]]] in all earnings discrepancy cases [has been] legally flawed". The judgement relates to the Home Office's interpretation of Section 322(5) of the Immigration Rules.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.TheGuardian.com/uk-news/2019/apr/16/court-says-home-office-use-immigration-rule-legally-flawed |title=Court castigates Home Office over misuse of immigration law |first1=Amelia |last1=Hill |website=[[The Guardian]]|date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
In November 2020, the [[Equality and Human Rights Commission]], a statutory body that investigates breaches of the [[Equality Act 2010]] published a report concluding that the Home Office had a "lack of organisation-wide commitment, including by senior leadership, to the importance of equality and the Home Office's obligations under the equality duty placed on government departments". The report noted that the Home Office's purusit of the "hostile environment" policy from 2012 onwards "accelerated the impact of decades of complex policy and practice based on a history of white and black immigrants being treated differently". Caroline Waters, the interim chair of the EHRC, described the treatment of Windrush immigrants by the Home Office as a "shameful stain on British history".<ref name="BBC-EHRC">{{Cite news|date=2020-11-25|title=Windrush generation: UK 'unlawfully ignored' immigration rules warnings|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-55065061|access-date=2020-11-25}}</ref>


In November 2020, the [[Equality and Human Rights Commission]], a statutory body that investigates breaches of the [[Equality Act 2010]] published a report concluding that the Home Office had a "lack of organisation-wide commitment, including by senior leadership, to the importance of equality and the Home Office's obligations under the equality duty placed on government departments". The report noted that the Home Office's pursuit of the "hostile environment" policy from 2012 onwards "accelerated the impact of decades of complex policy and practice based on a history of white and black immigrants being treated differently". Caroline Waters, the interim chair of the EHRC, described the treatment of Windrush immigrants by the Home Office as a "shameful stain on British history".<ref name="BBC-EHRC">{{Cite news|date=25 November 2020|title=Windrush generation: UK 'unlawfully ignored' immigration rules warnings|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-55065061 |first1=Justin |last1=Parkinson |access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref>
The Home Office has also been criticized for rejecting many asylum claims from [[LGBT]] people.<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 10, 2019|title=Why the Home Office rejects so many LGBTQ asylum claims|url=https://www.city.ac.uk/news/2019/september/why-the-home-office-rejects-so-many-lgbtq-asylum-claims|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125103829/https://www.city.ac.uk/news/2019/september/why-the-home-office-rejects-so-many-lgbtq-asylum-claims|archive-date=November 25, 2020|access-date=December 30, 2020|website=[[City, University of London]]}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Politics|United Kingdom|Law}}
{{Portal|Law|Politics|United Kingdom}}

*[[HOLMES2|Home Office Large Major Enquiry System]]
*[[HOLMES 2|Home Office Large Major Enquiry System 2 (HOLMES 2)]]
*[[John Gieve]]
*[[John Gieve]]
*[[Law enforcement in the United Kingdom]]
*[[Law enforcement in the United Kingdom]]
*[[List of Home Secretaries]]
*[[Home Secretary#List of home secretaries|List of home secretaries]]
*[[List of permanent under secretaries of state of the Home Office]]
*[[Ministry of Home Security]]
*[[Ministry of Home Security]]
*[[Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department]]
*[[Permanent Under-Secretary of State of the Home Office]]
*[[UK Immigration Service]]
*[[UK Immigration Service]]
*[[Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{Official website}}
*[https://web.Archive.org/web/20110709220106/http://www.casbah.ac.uk/cats/archive/138/PROA00008.htm Records created or inherited by the Home Office, Ministry of Home Security, and related bodies] — gives a history of responsibilities of the Home Office, including which functions were merged into or transferred away from the Home Office
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110709220106/http://www.casbah.ac.uk/cats/archive/138/PROA00008.htm Records created or inherited by the Home Office, Ministry of Home Security, and related bodies] — gives a history of responsibilities of the Home Office, including which functions were merged into or transferred away from the Home Office


{{Home Office (United Kingdom)}}
{{Home Office}}
{{Departments of the United Kingdom Government|type=Ministerial}}
{{Departments of the Government of the United Kingdom}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


Latest revision as of 21:34, 8 December 2024

For a working room or study in a domestic dwelling, see Study (room). For small businesses operated from home, see Small office/home office.
"Home Department" redirects here. For other uses, see Ministry of home affairs.

Home Office

2 Marsham Street, Westminster
Department overview
Formed27 March 1782; 242 years ago (1782-03-27)
Preceding Department
JurisdictionGovernment of the United Kingdom
Headquarters2 Marsham Street, London, SW1P 4DF
Annual budget£20.3 billion (2022–2023)[1]
Secretary of State responsible
Department executive
Websitewww.gov.uk/home-office Edit this at Wikidata
A Home Office Immigration Enforcement vehicle in north London

The Home Office (HO), also known (especially in official papers and when referred to in Parliament) as the Home Department,[2] is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for immigration, security, and law and order. As such, it is responsible for policing in England and Wales, fire and rescue services in England, Border Force, visas and immigration, and the Security Service (MI5). It is also in charge of government policy on security-related issues such as drugs, counterterrorism, and immigration. It was formerly responsible for His Majesty's Prison Service and the National Probation Service, but these have been transferred to the Ministry of Justice.

The Cabinet minister responsible for the department is the home secretary,[3] a post considered one of the Great Offices of State; it has been held by Yvette Cooper since July 2024. The Home Office is managed from day to day by a civil servant, the permanent under-secretary of state of the Home Office.

The expenditure, administration, and policy of the Home Office are scrutinised by the Home Affairs Select Committee.[4]

Organisation

[edit]

The Home Office is headed by the home secretary, a Cabinet minister, supported by the department's senior civil servant, the permanent secretary.

Organisational structure

[edit]

The Home Office comprises eleven directorates that help fulfil the department's responsibilities.[5]

Immigration

[edit]

Public services and policing

[edit]

Other

[edit]
  • Corporate and Delivery – fulfils corporate duties such as human resources, project management, finance, and IT.
  • Communications Directorate – delivers communications to the wider public to achieve the Home Office's objectives.
  • STARS (Science, Technology, Analysis, Research, and Strategy) – performs data and evidence analysis to maximise organisational effectiveness.
[edit]

As of April 2024, the Home Office works with the following agencies and public bodies:[6]

Executive non-departmental public bodies

[edit]

Advisory non-departmental public bodies

[edit]

Tribunals

[edit]

Independent monitoring bodies

[edit]

Others

[edit]

Budget and spending

[edit]

In the financial year 2022–2023, the Home Office had a total budget of £20.3 billion.[7]

Spending by financial year
Directorate 2022–2023
Resource
(£millions)		 Capital
(£millions)
Delivery 77.8 3.0
STARS 34.6 43.0
Homeland Security Group 1,125.1 157.8
Public Safety Group 11,204.4 225.4
Migration & Borders 228.0 172.2
Customer Service (UKVI & HMPO) -3,166.3 87.4
Asylum & Protection 4,498.8 6.9
Borders & Enforcement 1,404.8 135.4
Corporate Enablers 945.6 37.9
Digital Data & Technology 473.0 40.0
Legal 11.1 -
Communications 8.6 -
Arms Length Bodies 99.9 16.4
Total 17,005.3 925.4

Home Office ministers

[edit]

The Home Office ministers are as follows, with cabinet ministers in bold.[8]

Minister Portrait Office Portfolio
Yvette Cooper MP Secretary of State for the Home Department Overall responsibility for all Home Office business, including: overarching responsibility for the departmental portfolio and oversight of the ministerial team; cabinet; National Security Council (NSC); public appointments; oversight of the Security Service[9]
Dan Jarvis MP Minister of State for Security Counter terrorism and extremism; state threats; cyber security and crime; serious and organised crime; oversight of the National Crime Agency; anti-corruption; economic crime (excluding fraud)[10]
Dame Angela Eagle MP Minister of State for Border Security and Asylum Border Security Command; asylum policy; asylum accommodation; returns and removals; irregular migration policy; organised immigration crime; foreign national offenders; Immigration Enforcement; small boat arrivals; National Referral Mechanism[11]
Seema Malhotra MP Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Migration and Citizenship Legal migration policy; Immigration Rules and visa policy; Windrush Compensation Scheme; Future Borders and Immigration System; HM Passport Office; General Register Office; Border Force operation; safe and legal routes and resettlement[12]
Dame Diana Johnson MP Minister of State for Policing, Fire and Crime Prevention Policing standards and governance; neighbourhood policing; fire policy and operations; public order, major events, and civil contingencies; criminal justice system; Young Futures; Safer Streets
David Hanson, Baron Hanson of Flint MP Minister of State for the Home Department Fraud; departmental finance; Home Office business in the Lords; Overseas Territories; public appointments and sponsorship; inquiries; union and devolution[13]
Jess Phillips MP Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Victims and Safeguarding Violence against women and girls; safeguarding; rape and serious sexual offences; violent crime and domestic abuse; child sexual abuse and exploitation; modern slavery; spiking
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Priorities

[edit]

The department outlined its aims for this Parliament in its Business Plan, which was published in May 2011, and superseded its Structural Reform Plan.[14] The plan said the department will:

  1. Empower the public to hold the police to account for their role in cutting crime – Introduce directly elected Police and Crime Commissioners and make police actions to tackle crime and anti-social behaviour more transparent.
  2. Free up the police to fight crime more effectively and efficiently – Cut police bureaucracy, end unnecessary central interference and overhaul police powers in order to cut crime, reduce costs and improve police value for money. Simplify national institutional structures and establish a National Crime Agency to strengthen the fight against organised crime (and replace the Serious Organised Crime Agency).
  3. Create a more integrated criminal justice system – Help the police and other public services work together across the criminal justice system.
  4. Secure our borders and reduce immigration – Deliver an improved migration system that commands public confidence and serves our economic interests. Limit non-EU economic migrants, and introduce new measures to reduce inflow and minimise abuse of all migration routes, for example the student route. Process asylum applications more quickly, and end the detention of children for immigration purposes.
  5. Protect people's freedoms and civil liberties – Reverse state interference to ensure there is not disproportionate intrusion into people's lives.
  6. Protect our citizens from terrorism – Keep people safe through the Government's approach to counter-terrorism.
  7. Build a fairer and more equal society (through the Government Equalities Office) – Help create a fair and flexible labour market. Change culture and attitudes. Empower individuals and communities. Improve equality structures, frontline services and support; and help Government departments and others to consider equality as a matter of course.

The Home Office publishes progress against the plan on the 10 Downing Street website.[15]

History

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On 27 March 1782; 242 years ago (1782-03-27), the Home Office was formed by renaming the existing Southern Department, with all existing staff transferring. On the same day, the Northern Department was renamed the Foreign Office.

To match the new names, there was a transferring of responsibilities between the two Departments of State. All domestic responsibilities (including colonies, previously administered under the Board of Trade) were moved to the Home Office, and all foreign matters (including the administration of British protectorates) became the concern of the Foreign Office.

Most subsequently created domestic departments (excluding, for instance, those dealing with education) have been formed by splitting responsibilities away from the Home Office.

The initial responsibilities were:

  • Answering petitions and addresses sent to the King
  • Advising the King on
  • Issuing instructions on behalf of the King to officers of The Crown, lords-lieutenant and magistrates, mainly concerning law and order
  • Operation of the secret service within the UK
  • Protecting the public
  • Safeguarding the rights and liberties of individuals
  • Colonial matters

Responsibilities were subsequently changed over the years that followed:[16]

The Home Office retains a variety of functions that have not found a home elsewhere and sit oddly with the main law-and-order focus of the department, such as regulation of British Summer Time.

Recent incidents

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Union action

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On 18 July 2012, the Public and Commercial Services Union announced that thousands of Home Office employees would go on strike over jobs, pay and other issues.[19] The union called off the strike; it claimed the department had, consequent to the threat of actions, announced 1,100 new border jobs.[20]

Windrush scandal

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The first allegations about the targeting of pre-1973 Caribbean migrants started in 2013.[citation needed] In 2018, the allegations were put to the home secretary in the House of Commons, and resulted in the resignation of the then home secretary. The Windrush scandal resulted in some British citizens being wrongly deported, along with a further compensation scheme for those affected, and a wider debate on the Home Office hostile environment policy.[citation needed]

Aderonke Apata

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Aderonke Apata, a Nigerian LGBT activist, made two asylum claims that were both rejected by the Home Office in 2014 and on 1 April 2015 respectively, due to her previously having been in a relationship with a man and having children with that man.[21][22][23][24][25] In 2014, Apata said that she would send an explicit video of herself to the Home Office to prove her sexuality.[21] This resulted in her asylum bid gaining widespread support, with multiple petitions created in response, which gained hundreds of thousands of signatures combined.[23]

On 8 August 2017, after a thirteen-year legal battle and after a new appeal from Apata was scheduled for late July, she was granted refugee status in the United Kingdom by the Home Office.[26]

The former Home Office building at 50 Queen Anne's Gate, London
Lunar House in Croydon, which holds the headquarters of UK Visas and Immigration

Location

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Until 1978, the Home Office had its offices in what is now the Foreign and Commonwealth Office Main Building on King Charles Street, off Whitehall. From 1978 to 2004, the Home Office was then located at 50 Queen Anne's Gate, a Brutalist office block in Westminster designed by Sir Basil Spence, close to St James's Park tube station. Many functions, however, were devolved to offices in other parts of London, and the country, notably the headquarters of the Immigration and Nationality Directorate in Croydon.

In 2005, the Home Office moved to a new main office designed by Sir Terry Farrell at 2 Marsham Street, Westminster, on the site of the demolished Marsham Towers building of the Department of the Environment.[27]

For external shots of its fictional Home Office, the TV series Spooks uses an aerial shot of the Government Offices Great George Street instead, serving as stand-in to match the distinctly less modern appearance of the fictitious accommodation interiors the series uses.[28]

Research

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To meet the UK's five-year science and technology strategy,[29] the Home Office sponsors research in police sciences, including:

  • Biometrics – including face and voice recognition
  • Cell type analysis – to determine the origin of cells (e.g. hair, skin)
  • Chemistry – new techniques to recover latent fingerprints
  • DNA – identifying offender characteristics from DNA
  • Improved profiling – of illicit drugs to help identify their source
  • Raman Spectroscopy – to provide more sensitive drugs and explosives detectors (e.g. roadside drug detection)
  • Terahertz imaging methods and technologies – e.g. image analysis and new cameras, to detect crime, enhance images and support anti-terrorism

Devolution

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Most front-line law and order policy areas, such as policing and criminal justice, are devolved in Scotland and Northern Ireland (and only very partially in Wales), but the following reserved and excepted matters are handled by Westminster.

Northern Ireland

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Excepted matters:[30]

The following matters were not transferred at the devolution of policing and justice on 12 April 2010, and remain reserved:[31]

The Home Office's main counterparts in Northern Ireland are:

The Department of Justice is accountable to the Northern Ireland Executive, whereas the Northern Ireland Office is a UK government department.

Scotland

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Reserved matters:[33]

The Scottish Government Justice and Safer Communities Directorates are responsible for devolved justice and home affairs policy.

Wales

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Reserved matters:

Criticism

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In March 2019, it was reported that in two unrelated cases, the Home Office denied asylum to converted Christians by misrepresenting certain Bible quotes. In one case, it quoted selected excerpts from the Bible to imply that Christianity is not more peaceful than Islam, the asylum-seeker's original religion.[34] In another incident, an Iranian Christian application for asylum was rejected because her faith was judged as "half-hearted", for she did not believe that Jesus could protect her from the Iranian regime.[35] As criticism grew on social media, the Home Office distanced itself from the decision, though it confirmed the letter was authentic.[36] Home Secretary Sajid Javid said that it was "totally unacceptable" for his department to quote the Bible to question an Iranian Christian convert's asylum application, and ordered an urgent investigation into what had happened.[37]

The treatment of Christian asylum-seekers chimes with other incidents in the past, such as the refusal to grant visas to the Archbishop of Mosul to attend the consecration of the UK's first Syriac Orthodox Cathedral.[38][better source needed] In a 2017 study, the Christian Barnabas Fund found that only 0.2% of all Syrian refugees accepted by the UK were Christians, although Christians accounted for approximately 10% of Syria's pre-war population.[39]

In 2019, the Home Office admitted to multiple breaches of data protection regulations in the handling of its Windrush compensation scheme. The department sent emails to Windrush migrants which revealed the email address of other Windrush migrants to whom the email was sent. The data breach concerned five different emails, each of which was sent to 100 recipients.[40] In April 2019, the Home Office admitted to revealing 240 personal email addresses of EU citizens applying for settled status in the UK. The email addresses of applicants were incorrectly sent to other applicants to the scheme.[41] In response to these incidents, the Home Office pledged to launch an independent review of its data protection compliance.[42]

In 2019, the Court of Appeal issued a judgement which criticised the Home Office's handling of immigration cases. The judges stated that the "general approach [by the home secretary, Sajid Javid] in all earnings discrepancy cases [has been] legally flawed". The judgement relates to the Home Office's interpretation of Section 322(5) of the Immigration Rules.[43]

In November 2020, the Equality and Human Rights Commission, a statutory body that investigates breaches of the Equality Act 2010 published a report concluding that the Home Office had a "lack of organisation-wide commitment, including by senior leadership, to the importance of equality and the Home Office's obligations under the equality duty placed on government departments". The report noted that the Home Office's pursuit of the "hostile environment" policy from 2012 onwards "accelerated the impact of decades of complex policy and practice based on a history of white and black immigrants being treated differently". Caroline Waters, the interim chair of the EHRC, described the treatment of Windrush immigrants by the Home Office as a "shameful stain on British history".[44]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Home Office annual report and accounts: 2022 to 2023, Home Office, 19 September 2023, ISBN 978-1-5286-4083-1
  2. ^ Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster (9 June 2008). "Hansard – Oral Questions to the Home Department – 9 June 2008". Publications.Parliament.uk. Government of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 19 June 2010.
  3. ^ "Secretary of State for the Home Department - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  4. ^ "Role - Home Affairs Committee". parliament.uk. Retrieved 28 February 2022. The House of Commons appoints the Committee with the task of examining the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Home Office and its associated public bodies.
  5. ^ "Teams - Home Office Careers", careers.homeoffice.gov.uk, Home Office, retrieved 13 April 2024
  6. ^ "Departments, agencies and public bodies - GOV.UK". GOV.UK. UK Government. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  7. ^ "Home Office annual report and accounts: 2022 to 2023", GOV.UK, Home Office, 19 September 2023, ISBN 978-1-5286-4083-1
  8. ^ This article contains OGL licensed text This article incorporates text published under the British Open Government Licence: "Our ministers". GOV.UK. Home Office. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
  9. ^ "Secretary of State for the Home Department - GOV.UK". GOV.UK. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  10. ^ "Minister of State (Minister for Security) - GOV.UK". GOV.UK. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  11. ^ "Minister of State (Minister for Border Security and Asylum) - GOV.UK". GOV.UK. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  12. ^ "Minister of State (Minister for Migration and Citizenship) - GOV.UK". GOV.UK. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  13. ^ "The Rt Hon Lord Hanson of Flint". GOV.UK. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
  14. ^ "Home Office business plan 2011 to 2015". Home Office. 12 May 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
  15. ^ "Business Plan: Home Office". Transparency.Number10.GOV.uk. 10 Downing Street. Archived from the original on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
  16. ^ "Changes to Home Office responsibilities". Casbah.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2010.
  17. ^ Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research. Vol. 23–24. Longmans, Green. 1950. p. 197.
  18. ^ See HC Deb, 4 May 1855 vol 138 c131 Sir George Grey: 'The business of the militia was transferred from the Home Office to the War Office...'.
  19. ^ "Home Office staff vote to strike over jobs and pay". BBC News. 18 July 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2013.
  20. ^ Murray, Pete (25 July 2012). "PCS calls off Home Office olympic strike after extra staff are posted in". Union News. Archived from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  21. ^ a b Dugan, Emily (9 June 2014). "Aderonke Apata deportation case: 'If the Home Office doesn't believe I'm gay, I'll send them a video that proves it'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 31 December 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  22. ^ Dunt, Ian (3 March 2015). "Can you prove you're gay? Last minute legal battle for lesbian fighting deportation to Nigeria". Politics.co.uk. Archived from the original on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  23. ^ a b Ashton, Jack (14 August 2017). "Nigerian gay rights activist who judge accused of 'faking' her sexuality wins 13-year legal battle for asylum in UK". The Independent. Archived from the original on 31 December 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  24. ^ Dugan, Emily (3 April 2015). "Nigerian gay rights activist has her High Court asylum bid rejected - because judge doesn't believe she is lesbian". The Independent. Archived from the original on 31 December 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  25. ^ Cohen, Claire (4 March 2015). "Home Office tells Nigerian asylum seeker: 'You can't be a lesbian, you've got children'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 22 April 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  26. ^ Taylor, Diane (12 August 2017). "Nigerian gay rights activist wins UK asylum claim after 13-year battle". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  27. ^ "Marsham Street/The Home Office". Terry Farrell. Archived from the original on 26 September 2006.
  28. ^ "History of 1 Horse Guards Road". Government of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
  29. ^ "Police Science and Technology Strategy: 2004 – 2009" (PDF). Home Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
  30. ^ "Northern Ireland Act 1998, Schedule 2". Legislation.gov.uk. 4 November 1950. Retrieved 19 June 2010.
  31. ^ "The Assembly - Official Report". Northern Ireland Assembly Information Office. 9 March 2010. Archived from the original on 16 December 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2010.
  32. ^ "About the NIO". Northern Ireland Office. Archived from the original on 17 September 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2010.
  33. ^ "Scotland Act 1998, Schedule 5, Part I". Legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 19 June 2010.
  34. ^ Bulman, May (20 March 2019). "Home Office refuses Christian convert asylum by quoting Bible passages that 'prove Christianity is not peaceful'". The Independent. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  35. ^ Dodd, Liz (27 March 2019). "'Illiterate' Home Office quotes Jesus in asylum rejection letter". The Tablet. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  36. ^ Schaverien, Anna (21 March 2019). "Rejecting asylum claim, U.K. quotes Bible to say Christianity is not 'peaceful'". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  37. ^ Adeogun, Eno (2 April 2019). "Home Secretary orders urgent investigation into asylum rejection letter which criticised Bible". Premier Christian News. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  38. ^ "Britain bans heroic bishops: persecuted Christian leaders from war zones refused entry". Daily Express. 4 December 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  39. ^ "UK government discriminates against Christian refugees from Syria". Barnabas Fund. 2 November 2017. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  40. ^ Shaw, Danny (8 April 2019). "Windrush: Home Office admits data breach in compensation scheme". BBC News.
  41. ^ Hawkins, Ross (11 April 2019). "Brexit: Home Office sorry for EU citizen data breach". BBC News.
  42. ^ Smith, Beckie (12 April 2019). "Home Office to launch independent review of data protection compliance". Civil Service World.
  43. ^ Hill, Amelia (16 April 2019). "Court castigates Home Office over misuse of immigration law". The Guardian.
  44. ^ Parkinson, Justin (25 November 2020). "Windrush generation: UK 'unlawfully ignored' immigration rules warnings". BBC News. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
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