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Sarraounia Mangou was a chief/priestess of the animist Azna subgroup of the Hausa, who fought French colonial troops of the Voulet–Chanoine Mission at the Battle of Lougou (in present-day Niger) in 1899.

Biography

Sarraounia means queen or female chief in the Hausa language. To the predominantly animist Azna people of Lougou and surrounding Hausa towns and villages, the term refers to a lineage of female rulers who exercised both political and religious power.^[1]

Sarraounia Mangou was the most famous of the Sarraounias, due to her resistance against French colonial troops at the Battle of Lougou in 1899. While most chiefs in Niger pragmatically submitted to French power,^[1] Sarraounia Mangou mobilized her people and resources to confront the French forces of the Voulet–Chanoine Mission, which launched a fierce attack on her fortress capital of Lougou.^[2]^{[better source needed]}

Overwhelmed by the superior firepower of the French, she and her fighters retreated from the fortress, and engaged the attackers in a protracted guerrilla battle which eventually forced the French to abandon their project of subduing her.^{[citation needed]}

According to native oral history, she was a witch with pure yellow eyes who could hurl fire at the invaders and even summon fog to help them get away from the French army. It's said her magical charms erased her troops footsteps from the battlefield and any crops that were blazed to ash regrew overnight with more than enough food to keep the warriors going.^{[citation needed]}

In fiction

She is the subject of the 1986 film Sarraounia based on the novel Sarraounia, le drame de la reine magicienne, by Nigerien writer Abdoulaye Mamani.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Antoinette Tidjani Alou (Spring 2009). "Niger and Sarraounia: One Hundred Years of Forgetting Female Leadership". Research in African Literatures. 40 (1): 42–56. doi:10.2979/RAL.2009.40.1.42. JSTOR 30131185. S2CID 145389844.
^ Hares Sayed (2017). War, Violence, Terrorism, and Our Present World: A Timeline of Modern Politics. Xlibris. ISBN 978-1543419009.

^[1]

^ Tidjani Alou, Antoinette (2022-09-18). "Sarraounia, love, and the postcolony". Tydskrif vir Letterkunde. 59 (3): 27–34. doi:10.17159/tl.v59i3.14321.

[alou2009-1] Antoinette Tidjani Alou (Spring 2009). "Niger and Sarraounia: One Hundred Years of Forgetting Female Leadership". Research in African Literatures. 40 (1): 42–56. doi:10.2979/RAL.2009.40.1.42. JSTOR 30131185. S2CID 145389844.

[2] Hares Sayed (2017). War, Violence, Terrorism, and Our Present World: A Timeline of Modern Politics. Xlibris. ISBN 978-1543419009.

[3] Tidjani Alou, Antoinette (2022-09-18). "Sarraounia, love, and the postcolony". Tydskrif vir Letterkunde. 59 (3): 27–34. doi:10.17159/tl.v59i3.14321.

[1]

[2]

[1]

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+{{Short description|Traditional ruler of Lougou, Niger}}{{more citations needed|date=January 2024}}
 {{for|the film|Sarraounia (film)}}
-'''Sarraounia Mangou''' was a chief/priestess of the animist Azna subgroup of the [[Hausa people | Hausa]], who fought French colonial troops of the [[Voulet–Chanoine Mission]] at the [[Battle of Lougou]] (in present-day [[Nigeria]]) in 1899. She is the subject of the 1986 film ''[[Sarraounia (film)|Sarraounia]]'' based on the novel of the same name by Nigerien writer [[Abdoulaye Mamani]].<ref name="alou2009"/>
+'''Sarraounia Mangou''' was a chief/priestess of the animist Azna subgroup of the [[Hausa people | Hausa]], who fought French colonial troops of the [[Voulet–Chanoine Mission]] at the [[Battle of Lougou]] (in present-day [[Niger]]) in 1899.
 == Biography ==
-''Sarraounia'' means ''queen'' or ''female chief'' in the [[Hausa people|Hausa]] language. Among the predominately animist Azna people of [[Lougou]] and surrounding Hausa towns and villages, the term refers to a lineage of female rulers who exercised both political and religious power.<ref name="alou2009"/> Sarraounia Mangou was the most famous of the Sarraounias due to her resistance against French colonial troops at the [[Battle of Lougou]] in 1899. While most chiefs in Niger pragmatically submitted to French power,<ref name="alou2009"/> Sarraounia Mangou mobilized her people and resources to confront the French forces of the [[Voulet–Chanoine Mission]], which [[Battle of Lougou|launched a fierce attack on her fortress capital of Lougou]].<ref>{{Cite book |author=Hares Sayed |title=War, Violence, Terrorism, and Our Present World: A Timeline of Modern Politics |publisher=[[Xlibris]] |year=2017 |isbn=978-1543419009}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=March 2020}}
+''Sarraounia'' means ''queen'' or ''female chief'' in the [[Hausa people|Hausa]] language. To the predominantly animist Azna people of [[Lougou]] and surrounding Hausa towns and villages, the term refers to a lineage of female rulers who exercised both political and religious power.<ref name="alou2009"/>
+Sarraounia Mangou was the most famous of the Sarraounias, due to her resistance against French colonial troops at the [[Battle of Lougou]] in 1899. While most chiefs in Niger pragmatically submitted to French power,<ref name="alou2009"/> Sarraounia Mangou mobilized her people and resources to confront the French forces of the [[Voulet–Chanoine Mission]], which [[Battle of Lougou|launched a fierce attack on her fortress capital of Lougou]].<ref>{{Cite book |author=Hares Sayed |title=War, Violence, Terrorism, and Our Present World: A Timeline of Modern Politics |publisher=[[Xlibris]] |year=2017 |isbn=978-1543419009}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=March 2020}}
-Overwhelmed by the superior firepower of the French, she and her fighters retreated from the fortress, and engaged the attackers in a protracted guerrilla battle which eventually forced the French to abandon their project of subduing her.
-<!--According to native oral history she was a witch with pure yellow eyes who could hurl fire at the invaders and even summon fog to help them get away from the french army.
-its said her magical charms erased her troops footsteps from the battle field and any crops that were blazed to ash regrew overnight with more than enough food to keep the warriors going.{{citation needed}}-->
+Overwhelmed by the superior firepower of the French, she and her fighters retreated from the fortress, and engaged the attackers in a protracted guerrilla battle which eventually forced the French to abandon their project of subduing her.{{cn|date=December 2022}}
-The 1986 film ''[[Sarraounia (film)|Sarraounia]]'' is a retelling of her struggle against Voulet and Chanoine's troops.
+According to native oral history, she was a witch with pure yellow eyes who could hurl fire at the invaders and even summon fog to help them get away from the French army. It's said her magical charms erased her troops footsteps from the battlefield and any crops that were blazed to ash regrew overnight with more than enough food to keep the warriors going.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}
+==In fiction==
+She is the subject of the 1986 film ''[[Sarraounia (film)|Sarraounia]]'' based on the novel ''Sarraounia, le drame de la reine magicienne'', by Nigerien writer [[Abdoulaye Mamani]].<ref name="alou2009"/>
 ==References==
 <references>
-<ref name="alou2009">{{cite journal |author=Antoinette Tidjani Alou |date=Spring 2009 |title=Niger and Sarraounia: One Hundred Years of Forgetting Female Leadership |journal=Research in African Literatures |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=42–56 |doi=10.2979/RAL.2009.40.1.42 |jstor=30131185 }}</ref>
+<ref name="alou2009">{{cite journal |author=Antoinette Tidjani Alou |author-link=Antoinette Tidjani Alou |date=Spring 2009 |title=Niger and Sarraounia: One Hundred Years of Forgetting Female Leadership |journal=Research in African Literatures |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=42–56 |doi=10.2979/RAL.2009.40.1.42 |jstor=30131185|s2cid=145389844 }}</ref>
+</references><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tidjani Alou |first=Antoinette |date=2022-09-18 |title=Sarraounia, love, and the postcolony |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=27–34 |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tvl/article/view/244684/231433 |journal=Tydskrif vir Letterkunde |doi=10.17159/tl.v59i3.14321|doi-access=free }}</ref>
-</references>
 [[Category:Year of death missing]]
-[[Category:Women rulers in Africa]]
+[[Category:Female tribal chiefs in Africa]]
-[[Category:19th-century women rulers]]
+[[Category:19th-century women monarchs]]
 [[Category:African resistance to colonialism]]
 [[Category:African women in war]]
 [[Category:Rebellions in Africa]]
 [[Category:Women in 19th-century warfare]]
-[[Category:19th-century rulers in Africa]]
+[[Category:19th-century monarchs in Africa]]
 [[Category:History of Niger]]
 [[Category:Nigerien military personnel]]
-[[Category:Animists]]
+[[Category:African animists]]
 [[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
+[[Category:Priestesses]]