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Philogyny is fondness, love or admiration of women.^[1]^[2] Its antonym is misogyny. Philogyny is not to be confused with gynephilia, which is sexual attraction to women or femininity.

Philogyny is love of, admiration for, or fondness (Impartiality) for women or girls. It is a form of philanthropy and philosophy that empowers and celebrates women at an equal status as men, thus dismantling the social roles of patriarchy and supremacy. Philogyny has been widely practiced for thousands of years. It is reflected in art, literature, human societal structure, historical events, mythology, philosophy, and spiritualism worldwide.

An example of philogyny is the promotion of women, #hypewomen, which includes domestic bliss by equal share of household responsibilities and, in its most greatest possible forms, philogynist stability, female sovereignty, autonomy and dignity. Philogyny also often operates through financial, economic and political advancement, affirmative action, quotas, equal representation in government, science based research and psychological techniques aimed at empowering women, and by legally or socially including women of all the benefits of full citizenship. In all cases, philogyny rewards women for accepting an equal, equitable and sovereign status.

Philogyny can be understood both as an attitude held by individuals and as a widespread cultural custom or system. Sometimes philogyny manifests in obvious and bold ways; other times it is more subtle or disguised in ways that are not recognized as such. In feminist thought, philogyny also includes the acceptance of feminine and “unfeminine” qualities. It holds in respect institutions, work, hobbies, or habits associated with women.

It accepts any aspects of women that are seen as feminine or unmanly, as well as any attributes seen as unwomanly or masculine because of the acknowledgement that previously women used the techniques to break into certain elements of society unavailable to them. Racism and other prejudices are dismantled when we focus on philogyny.

Historical usage

Classical Greece

One of the earliest examples of philogyny is the poet Sappho who was an Archaic Greek poet from the island of Lesbos. Sappho is known for her lyric poetry, written to be sung while accompanied by a lyre. In ancient times, Sappho was widely regarded as one of the greatest lyric poets and was given names such as the "Tenth Muse" and "The Poetess". Sappho was a prolific poet, probably composing around 10,000 lines. Her poetry was well-known and greatly admired through much of antiquity, and she was among the canon of Nine Lyric Poets most highly esteemed by scholars of Hellenistic Alexandria. Sappho's poetry is still considered extraordinary and her works continue to influence other writers. Beyond her poetry, she is well known as a symbol of love and desire between women, with the English words sapphic and lesbian being derived from her own name and the name of her home island respectively. Whilst her importance as a poet is confirmed from the earliest times, all interpretations of her work have been coloured and influenced by discussions of her sexuality. Most of Sappho's poetry is now lost, and what is extant has mostly survived in fragmentary form; two notable exceptions are the "Ode to Aphrodite" and the Tithonus poem.

Christian Groes-Green has argued that the conceptual content of philogyny must be developed as an alternative to the concept of misogyny. Criticizing R.W. Connell's theory of hegemonic masculinities he shows how philogynous masculinities play out among youth in Maputo, Mozambique.^[3]

Etymology

Philogyny comes from philo- (loving) and Greek gynē (woman). The parallel Greek-based terms with respect to men (males) are philandry for "fondness of men" and misandry for "hatred of men". Parallel terms for humanity generally are philanthropy and misanthropy.

Psychological impact

Internalised philogyny

Women who experience internalized philogyny may express it through amplifying the value of women, trusting women, and disbelieving gender bias in favor of men. A common manifestation of internalized philogyny is a sense of well being and safety. The belief of the love and admiration of women diminishes lateral violence.

Safety and cooperation

Philogyny has taken shape as sexual liberation.

Philogynist attitudes lead to the physical, sexual, and emotional safety of gender nonconforming boys in childhood.

References

^ philogynist – The Oxford Dictionary of English (2nd edition revised) – Oxford Reference Online. Oxford English Dictionary. January 2010. ISBN 978-0-19-957112-3.
^ "WordNet". Princeton University. Retrieved 2009-08-31.
^ Groes-Green, C. 2012. "Philogynous masculinities: Contextualizing alternative manhood in Mozambique". Men and Masculinities 15(2):91–111. http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/15/2/91 Archived 2016-04-06 at the Wayback Machine

[oxford-1] philogynist – The Oxford Dictionary of English (2nd edition revised) – Oxford Reference Online. Oxford English Dictionary. January 2010. ISBN 978-0-19-957112-3.

[wordnet-2] "WordNet". Princeton University. Retrieved 2009-08-31.

[3] Groes-Green, C. 2012. "Philogynous masculinities: Contextualizing alternative manhood in Mozambique". Men and Masculinities 15(2):91–111. http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/15/2/91 Archived 2016-04-06 at the Wayback Machine

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+{{Short description|The fondness, love or admiration of women}}
-{{distinguish|text=[[phylogeny]], the study of relationships between species}}
+{{Distinguish|text=[[phylogenetic tree|phylogeny]], the study of relationships between species}}
 {{Wiktionary|philogyny}}
-'''Philogyny''' is fondness, love, or admiration towards [[women]].<ref name="oxford">{{cite web|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?entry=t140.e58312|publisher=[[Oxford English Dictionary]]|title=philogynist – The Oxford Dictionary of English (2nd edition revised) – Oxford Reference Online}}</ref><ref name="wordnet">{{cite web|url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=philogyny|title=WordNet|publisher=[[Princeton University]]|accessdate=2009-08-31}}</ref> Its [[antonym]] is ''[[misogyny]]''. Philogyny is not to be confused with [[gynephilia]], which is [[sexual attraction]] to women or [[femininity]].
+'''Philogyny''' is fondness, love or admiration of [[women]].<ref name="oxford">{{cite book|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?entry=t140.e58312|publisher=[[Oxford English Dictionary]]|title=philogynist – The Oxford Dictionary of English (2nd edition revised) – Oxford Reference Online|date=January 2010|isbn=978-0-19-957112-3}}</ref><ref name="wordnet">{{cite web|url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=philogyny|title=WordNet|publisher=[[Princeton University]]|accessdate=2009-08-31}}</ref> Its [[antonym]] is ''[[misogyny]]''. Philogyny is not to be confused with [[gynephilia]], which is [[sexual attraction]] to women or [[femininity]].
+Philogyny is love of, admiration for, or fondness (Impartiality) for women or girls. It is a form of [[philanthropy]] and philosophy that empowers and celebrates women at an equal status as men, thus dismantling the social roles of patriarchy and supremacy. Philogyny has been widely practiced for thousands of years. It is reflected in [[art]], [[literature]], human societal structure, historical events, mythology, philosophy, and [[Spiritualism (beliefs)|spiritualism]] worldwide.
-One of the earliest examples of philogyny is the poet [[Sappho]] ([[Help:IPA/English|/ˈsæfoʊ/]]; [[Greek language|Greek]]: Σαπφώ ''Sapphō'' [[Help:IPA/Greek|[sap.pʰɔ̌ː]]]; [[Aeolic Greek]] Ψάπφω ''Psápphō''; c. 630 – c. 570 BCE) who was an [[Archaic Greek]] poet from the island of [[Lesbos]]. Sappho is known for her [[Greek lyric|lyric poetry]], written to be sung while accompanied by a [[lyre]]. In ancient times, Sappho was widely regarded as one of the greatest lyric poets and was given names such as the "Tenth Muse" and "The Poetess". Sappho was a prolific poet, probably composing around 10,000 lines. Her poetry was well-known and greatly admired through much of [[Classical antiquity|antiquity]], and she was among the canon of [[Nine Lyric Poets]] most highly esteemed by scholars of [[Hellenistic period|Hellenistic]] Alexandria. Sappho's poetry is still considered extraordinary and her works continue to influence other writers. Beyond her poetry, she is well known as a symbol of [[Lesbian|love and desire between women]], with the English words ''sapphic'' and ''lesbian'' being derived from her own name and the name of her home island respectively. Whilst her importance as a poet is confirmed from the earliest times, all interpretations of her work have been coloured and influenced by discussions of her sexuality. Most of [[Poetry of Sappho|Sappho's poetry]] is now lost, and what is extant has mostly survived in fragmentary form; two notable exceptions are the "[[Ode to Aphrodite]]" and the [[Tithonus poem]].
+An example of philogyny is the promotion of women, #hypewomen, which includes domestic bliss by equal share of household responsibilities and, in its most greatest possible forms, philogynist stability, female sovereignty, [[autonomy]] and [[dignity]]. Philogyny also often operates through financial, economic and political advancement, affirmative action, quotas, equal representation in government, science based research and psychological techniques aimed at empowering women, and by legally or socially including women of all the benefits of full citizenship. In all cases, philogyny rewards women for accepting an equal, equitable and sovereign status.
-[[Hypatia]] (born <abbr>c.</abbr> 350–370; died 415 AD) was a [[Hellenistic philosophy|Hellenistic]] [[Neoplatonism|Neoplatonist]] philosopher, astronomer, and [[mathematician]], who lived in [[Alexandria]], [[Egypt (Roman province)|Egypt]], then part of the [[Eastern Roman Empire]]. She was a prominent thinker of the Neoplatonic school in Alexandria where she taught [[philosophy]] and [[astronomy]]. Although preceded by [[Pandrosion]], another Alexandrine [[List of women in mathematics|female mathematician]], she is the first female mathematician whose life is reasonably well recorded. Hypatia was renowned in her own lifetime as a great teacher and a wise counselor. During the [[Middle Ages]], Hypatia was co-opted as a symbol of [[Theological virtues|Christian virtue]] and scholars believe she was part of the basis for the legend of [[Catherine of Alexandria|Saint Catherine of Alexandria]]. During the [[Age of Enlightenment]], she became a symbol of opposition to [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]. In the nineteenth century, European literature, especially [[Charles Kingsley]]'s 1853 novel ''[[Hypatia (novel)|Hypatia]]'', romanticized her as "the last of the [[Greeks#Names|Hellenes]]". In the twentieth century, Hypatia became seen as an icon for [[women's rights]] and a precursor to the [[feminist movement]].
+Philogyny can be understood both as an attitude held by individuals and as a widespread cultural custom or system. Sometimes philogyny manifests in obvious and bold ways; other times it is more subtle or disguised in ways that are not recognized as such. In feminist thought, philogyny also includes the acceptance of feminine and “unfeminine” qualities. It holds in respect institutions, work, hobbies, or habits associated with women.
-Cicero reports the word could be used in Greek philosophy to denote being overly fond of women, which was considered a disease along with misogyny.<ref name="Deming">A recent critical text with translation is in [https://books.google.com/books?id=u_6a-sMDv6AC&pg=PA221&lpg=PA221&dq=appendix+a+antipater+of+tarsus&source=web&ots=JlCnsyRBGf&sig=7zsKzMVEBnV3tHag9z7E4cWCeLs&hl=en Appendix A] to Will Deming, ''Paul on Marriage and Celibacy: The Hellenistic Background of 1 Corinthians 7'', pp. 221–226.</ref>
+It accepts any aspects of women that are seen as feminine or unmanly, as well as any attributes seen as unwomanly or masculine because of the acknowledgement that previously women used the techniques to break into certain elements of society unavailable to them. Racism and other prejudices are dismantled when we focus on philogyny.
+== Historical usage ==
+=== Classical Greece ===
+One of the earliest examples of philogyny is the poet [[Sappho]] who was an [[Archaic Greek]] poet from the island of [[Lesbos]]. Sappho is known for her [[Greek lyric|lyric poetry]], written to be sung while accompanied by a [[lyre]]. In ancient   times, Sappho was widely regarded as one of the greatest lyric poets and was given names such as the "Tenth Muse" and "The Poetess". Sappho was a prolific poet, probably composing around 10,000 lines. Her poetry was well-known and greatly admired through much of [[Classical antiquity|antiquity]], and she was among the canon of [[Nine Lyric Poets]] most highly esteemed by scholars of [[Hellenistic period|Hellenistic]] Alexandria. Sappho's poetry is still considered extraordinary and her works continue to influence other writers. Beyond her poetry, she is well known as a symbol of [[Lesbian|love and desire between women]], with the English words ''sapphic'' and ''lesbian'' being derived from her own name and the name of her home island respectively. Whilst her importance as a poet is confirmed from the earliest times, all interpretations of her work have been coloured and influenced by discussions of her sexuality. Most of [[Poetry of Sappho|Sappho's poetry]] is now lost, and what is extant has mostly survived in fragmentary form; two notable exceptions are the "[[Ode to Aphrodite]]" and the [[Tithonus poem]].
 Christian Groes-Green has argued that the conceptual content of philogyny must be developed as an alternative to the concept of misogyny. Criticizing [[R.W. Connell]]'s theory of hegemonic masculinities he shows how philogynous masculinities play out among youth in [[Maputo, Mozambique]].<ref>Groes-Green, C. 2012. "Philogynous masculinities: Contextualizing alternative manhood in Mozambique". Men and Masculinities 15(2):91–111. http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/15/2/91 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406135633/http://jmm.sagepub.com/content/15/2/91 |date=2016-04-06 }}</ref>
 == Etymology ==
-''Philogyny'' comes from ''philo-'' (loving) and Greek ''gynē'' (woman). The parallel [[Greek language|Greek]]-based terms with respect to men (males) are [[philandry]] for "fondness towards men" and [[misandry]] for "hatred of men". Parallel terms for humanity generally are [[philanthropy]] and [[misanthropy]].
+''Philogyny'' comes from ''philo-'' (loving) and Greek ''gynē'' (woman). The parallel [[Greek language|Greek]]-based terms with respect to men (males) are philandry for "fondness of men" and [[misandry]] for "hatred of men". Parallel terms for humanity generally are [[philanthropy]] and [[misanthropy]].
+== Psychological impact ==
+=== Internalised philogyny ===
+Women who experience internalized philogyny may express it through amplifying the value of women, trusting women, and disbelieving gender bias in favor of men. A common manifestation of internalized philogyny is a sense of well being and safety. The belief of the love and admiration of women diminishes lateral violence.
+=== Safety and cooperation ===
+Philogyny has taken shape as sexual liberation.
+Philogynist attitudes lead to the physical, sexual, and emotional safety of gender nonconforming boys in childhood.
 == See also ==
+* [[Androphilia and gynephilia]]
-* [[Philandry]]
-* [[Gynophobia]]
-* [[Gynephilia]]
 * [[Gynocentrism]]
+* [[Gynophobia]]
-== Notes ==
+== References ==
-{{Reflist}}
+{{reflist}}
 {{Feminism}}