Joseph Chetrit (linguist): Difference between revisions
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[[File:Joseph Chetrit.jpg|thumb|Chetrit in 2013]] |
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'''Joseph''' ('''Yossi)''' '''Chetrit''' (born 1941) is Emeritus Professor of the French language and literature department and the Hebrew language department at the [[University of Haifa]], former head of the Centre for the Study of Jewish Culture in Spain and Muslim Countries,<ref>{{Cite web|title=יוסף שיטרית|url=https://blog.nli.org.il/author/yosefsh/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=הספרנים|language=he-IL}}</ref> and founder of the Tsfon-Maarav Troupe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joseph Chetrit {{!}} Institut Universitaire Elie Wiesel|url=http://www.instituteliewiesel.com/enseignants/joseph-chetrit|access-date=2021-05-21|website=www.instituteliewiesel.com}}</ref> |
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{{AFC comment|1=Certainly notable, but written in the format of a press release, or promotional biography. |
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First, make certain absolutely none of the is copied of closely paraphrased from an yother source, because it certainly reads as it it were. |
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Then describe his work concisely. Don't use academic jargon . A sentence like |
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"Alongside the aforementioned monograph, the cultural duality of Moroccan Jews was examined in all of his research fields and publications, represented through his research of Judeo-Arabic oral and written liturgic poetry, a rabbinic creation which emphasises the values of holiness in Judaism, while also mirroring the fears of life in exile and the promises of redemption. " is almost unreadable. '''[[User:DGG| DGG]]''' ([[User talk:DGG| talk ]]) 06:50, 3 February 2020 (UTC)}} |
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'''Joseph''' ('''Yossi)''' '''Chetrit''' (born 1941) is an Emeritus Professor of the French language and literature department and the Hebrew language department at the [[University of Haifa]], former head of the Centre for the Study of Jewish Culture in Spain and Muslim Countries<ref>{{Cite web|title=יוסף שיטרית|url=https://blog.nli.org.il/author/yosefsh/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=הספרנים|language=he-IL}}</ref>, and founder of the Tsfon-Maarav Troupe<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joseph Chetrit {{!}} Institut Universitaire Elie Wiesel|url=http://www.instituteliewiesel.com/enseignants/joseph-chetrit|access-date=2021-05-21|website=www.instituteliewiesel.com}}</ref>. |
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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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Joseph Chetrit was born in 1941 in Morocco, where he completed his primary studies in Taroudant, and his secondary and education studies in Casablanca. He immigrated in 1963 to Israel, where he received his university education at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, then at the Sorbonne, where he prepared a doctorate in French grammar. From October 1972 until his retirement in October 2009, he taught at the University of Haifa French linguistics (at the Department of French Language and Literature) and socio-pragmatics of Judeo-Arabic and contemporary Hebrew (at the Department of Hebrew language). He also taught Hebrew at the Paris Community Center and Jewish Civilization in North Africa at INALCO University in Paris and at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. At Haifa University, he served as director of the language and French literature, dean of the Faculty of Humanities, vice-rector and member of the management.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joseph Chetrit|url=https://akadem.org/fiche_conferencier.php?id=377 |
Joseph Chetrit was born in 1941 in [[Morocco]], where he completed his primary studies in [[Taroudant]], and his secondary and education studies in [[Casablanca]]. He immigrated in 1963 to [[Israel]], where he received his university education at the [[Hebrew University in Jerusalem]], then at the [[University of Paris|Sorbonne]], where he prepared a doctorate in French grammar. From October 1972 until his retirement in October 2009, he taught at the University of Haifa French linguistics (at the Department of French Language and Literature) and socio-pragmatics of [[Judeo-Arabic]] and contemporary Hebrew (at the Department of Hebrew language). He also taught Hebrew at the Paris Community Center and Jewish Civilization in North Africa at [[INALCO]] University in Paris and at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. At Haifa University, he served as director of the language and French literature, dean of the Faculty of Humanities, vice-rector and member of the management.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joseph Chetrit|url=https://akadem.org/fiche_conferencier.php?id=377|website=Akadem: Le campus numerique juif}}</ref> |
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==Research activity== |
==Research activity== |
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His research focuses on the study of Jewish languages |
His research focuses on the study of Jewish languages and Jewish culture in North Africa in their various aspects - linguistic, socio-discursive, socio-historical, socio-cultural and literary.<ref>{{Cite web|title=La Fondation Attijariwafa bank décrypte les spécificités de la culture juive marocaine|url=https://fnh.ma/article/actualites-marocaines/la-fondation-attijariwafa-bank-decrypte-les-specificites-de-la-culture-juive-marocaine|access-date=2021-05-21|language=fr}}</ref> He published in these different fields several books and dozens of articles and monographs,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://jychetrit.haifa.ac.il/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Chetrit-publications-E-2021-.pdf|title=Chetrit's full List of Publications, 2016}}</ref> especially on Hebrew and Judeo-Arabic poetry in North Africa, on traditional and modern Jewish discourse,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Idrissi|first=Khaoula|date=2021-01-02|title=Attijariwafa Bank Foundation Deciphers the Specificities of the Judeo-Moroccan Culture|url=https://www.mjtnews.com/2021/01/02/attijariwafa-bank-foundation-deciphers-the-specificities-of-the-judeo-moroccan-culture/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=Maroc Local et Nouvelles du Monde {{!}} Nouvelles juives du Maroc, dernières nouvelles {{!}} מרוקו ג׳וייש טיימס, חדשות מרוקו והעולם {{!}} Morocco News {{!}} أخبار المغرب|language=en-US}}</ref> on modernization and [[Haskalah]] in communities, on the language of Jewish women in Morocco and their proverbs, on the linguistic and sociolinguistic specificities of Judeo-Arabic and Judeo-Berber and on the musical traditions of the Jewish communities of Morocco.<ref>{{Cite web|title=יוסף שטרית על ר' דוד בוזגלו|url=https://ivrim.co.il/%d7%99%d7%95%d7%a1%d7%a3-%d7%a9%d7%98%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%aa-%d7%a2%d7%9c-%d7%a8-%d7%93%d7%95%d7%93-%d7%91%d7%95%d7%96%d7%92%d7%9c%d7%95/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=העברים|language=he-IL}}</ref> |
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At the University of Haifa, he was the director of the Center for the Study on Jewish Culture in Spain and Islamic countries and the interdisciplinary project “Mediterranean Civilizations and their significance for our time.” He is also the editor of the book series "MIQQEDEM UMIYYAM" which publishes collections of essays on history and cultural heritage of Jewish communities in Islamic countries and in the Sephardic world.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joseph Chetrit {{!}} Institut Universitaire Elie Wiesel|url=http://www.instituteliewiesel.com/enseignants/joseph-chetrit|access-date=2021-05-21|website=www.instituteliewiesel.com}}</ref> |
At the University of Haifa, he was the director of the Center for the Study on Jewish Culture in Spain and Islamic countries and the interdisciplinary project “Mediterranean Civilizations and their significance for our time.” He is also the editor of the book series "MIQQEDEM UMIYYAM" which publishes collections of essays on history and cultural heritage of Jewish communities in Islamic countries and in the Sephardic world.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joseph Chetrit {{!}} Institut Universitaire Elie Wiesel|url=http://www.instituteliewiesel.com/enseignants/joseph-chetrit|access-date=2021-05-21|website=www.instituteliewiesel.com}}</ref> |
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=== Fieldwork === |
=== Fieldwork === |
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Throughout his career, Chetrit has advocated for the preservation of the oral traditions and languages of North-African Jews. Between 1978-1981, Chetrit initiated and coordinated a research and education workshop, which took place in the town Shlomi. The project was funded by the Center for the Heritage of Jews from Spain and the East in the Ministry of Education and Culture. The workshop included the audio documentation of oral poetry, proverbs, and tales of the Jewish life in the communities from which Shlomi's residents originated.<ref>{{Cite web|title=אודות ועדת ביטון - דו"ח המלצות הוועדה|url=https://edu.gov.il/special/East_legacy/background/Pages/Report.aspx|access-date=2021-05-21|website=edu.gov.il|language=he}}</ref> |
Throughout his career, Chetrit has advocated for the preservation of the oral traditions and languages of North-African Jews. Between 1978-1981, Chetrit initiated and coordinated a research and education workshop, which took place in the town [[Shlomi, Israel|Shlomi]]. The project was funded by the Center for the Heritage of Jews from Spain and the East in the [[Ministry of Education and Culture]]. The workshop included the audio documentation of oral poetry, proverbs, and tales of the Jewish life in the communities from which Shlomi's residents originated.<ref>{{Cite web|title=אודות ועדת ביטון - דו"ח המלצות הוועדה|url=https://edu.gov.il/special/East_legacy/background/Pages/Report.aspx|access-date=2021-05-21|website=edu.gov.il|language=he}}</ref> |
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=== Research and published work === |
=== Research and published work === |
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====Jewish languages in North Africa==== |
====Jewish languages in North Africa==== |
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Chetrit's research includes the characterization and categorization of Judeo-Arabic dialects from North-Africa |
Chetrit's research includes the characterization and categorization of Judeo-Arabic dialects from North-Africa into four groups based on phonetic and phonological structure: ''Eqa:l'' in Libya, Tunisia and Algeria, ''Wqal'' in the Atlantic regions of Morocco, ''Nkal'' in northern Morocco, and ''SEk<sup>j</sup>al'' in south eastern Morocco. In addition, he described the Berber that was used among the Jews of Moroccan rural communities, the influence of French on Judeo-Arabic dialects, and the linguistic relationships between Judeo-Arabic and Judeo-Spanish in Morocco. Furthermore, he described the Hebrew component of the lexical and structural foundations of Judeo-Arabic, including the Jewish secret languages based on Hebrew lexical elements and formulae. |
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<ref>Idem, “The Judeo-Arabic of Northern Moroccan Jewish Communities Speaking Judeo-Spanish according to Hebrew Manuscripts of XIXth Century”, ''Ben ˤEver le-ˤArav'' 10-11 (2019), pp. 209-263 (Hebrew).</ref>. |
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====Hebrew poetry and music in Morocco==== |
====Hebrew poetry and music in Morocco==== |
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Chetrit's research and publications are also concerned with the Bakashot and Piyutim (liturgic poetry) of Moroccan. He discovered Hebrew poets in Morocco, as well as unique poems which shed light on events and processes that have little or no other documentation |
Chetrit's research and publications are also concerned with the Bakashot and Piyutim (liturgic poetry) of Moroccan. He discovered Hebrew poets in Morocco, as well as unique poems which shed light on events and processes that have little or no other documentation including the poets Rabbi Shlomo Haliwa, Rabbi David Elkaim, Rabbi David Bouzaglo,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ivrim.co.il/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A3-%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%A8-%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93-%D7%91%D7%95%D7%96%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95/|title=Ivrim: Joseph Chetrit On Rabbi David Bouzaglo|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> Nissim Naqqab, as well as the unique female Hebrew poet Friha bat Rabbi Avraham ben-Adiba. |
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Through his interest in the affinities between liturgic poetry and Andalusi music and the Arabic Qasida poetry in Morocco, he also described the cultural and practical components that led Jews to collaborate with Muslim musicians throughout the generations. |
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===Judeo-Arabic poetry, language, and culture=== |
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Through his interest in the affinities between liturgic poetry and Andalusi music and the Arabic Qasida poetry in Morocco, he also described the cultural and practical components that led Jews to collaborate with Muslim musicians throughout the generations<ref>Joseph Chetrit, "Music and Poetry as a Shared Cultural Space for Muslims and Jews in Morocco", in M. Bar-Asher and S. D. Fraade (eds.), ''Studies on North African Jews'', Jerusalem - New Haven, 2011, pp. 65-103.</ref>. |
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He has published an essay in literary studies of the trends and patterns of Judeo-Arabic poetry, in addition to other essays concerned with the interpretation of poems of historical or cultural importance for the study of Jewish life in Morocco. |
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During the fieldwork at [[Shlomi, Israel|Shlomi]] between 1978-1981, thousands of Judeo-Arabic proverbs and idioms were recorded and documented for research and education purposes. These proverbs were spoken mostly by older women, and in part by men, and were published along with their linguistic and cultural status in several collections. |
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He wrote a book about the traditional Jewish wedding studies the values, practices, rituals and ceremonies as practiced in Morocco. This research also describes the social-discursive networks which operate and guide the traditions of the Jewish wedding. |
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====Judeo-Arabic poetry==== |
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Chetrit has published an essay in literary studies of the trends and patterns of Judeo-Arabic poetry, in addition to other essays concerned with the interpretation of poems of historical or cultural importance for the study of Jewish life in Morocco. |
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He described the discursive strategies and content of the traditional communal discourse, which was conducted according to the teachings and writings of rabbis. He also described the changes that took place in the discourse in the end of the 19th century, and more specifically, the new linguistic uses in Hebrew and Judeo-Arabic, which led to the formation of a new middle Judeo-Arabic in Tunis. In another study, Chetrit characterized the dual culture of Moroccan Jews. This duality included, on the one hand, the learned rabbinic culture and on the other hand, the mixed popular culture. This popular culture includes core values derived from practical Halacha and Jewish tradition and ceremonies, practices, and forms of life that deviated at times from the purely Halachic canon, for example, the beliefs in magic, demons, fortune, evil eye, and so forth. The folk communities that practiced such beliefs did not view them as contradictory to the basic beliefs that define their distinct Jewish identity, but as an existential need that cures their physical and mental ailments, due to the lack of medicine and physicians as they operate today. Chetrit sees this duality between learned rabbinic culture and syncretic folk culture as the core which granted them the mental strength and stable Jewish identity that enabled their survival despite the persecutions under Islam. |
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====Proverbs of Jewish women in Morocco==== |
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During the fieldwork at Shlomi between 1978-1981, thousands of Judeo-Arabic proverbs and idioms were recorded and documented for research and education purposes. These proverbs were spoken mostly by older women, and in part by men, and were published along with their linguistic and cultural status in several collections. |
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====Hebrew and Judeo-Arabic enlightenment==== |
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====The traditional Jewish wedding in Morocco==== |
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Chetrit has focused his research on additional aspects of the development of Jewish culture in North-Africa and beyond this region. Thus, he studied the Hebrew and Judeo-Arabic enlightenment movements that developed during the second half of the 19th century in North-Africa. These movements were influenced by the Hebrew harmonious enlightenment movement of Eastern Europe that sought to integrate rabbinic tradition and biblical culture with the European values of enlightenment. His studies illuminated the characters of the enlightenment movements' leaders, such as Rabbi Shalom Flaḥ, Rabbi David Elkaim, Isaac ben Yaish Ha-Levy, Rabbi Baruch Mitrani, and more, and described their positions, struggles, and literary and journalistic creation. |
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Chetrit has devoted an extensive volume to the research of the values, practices, and ceremonies of the traditional Jewish wedding as it was conducted in various communities in Morocco. Through the presentation of the different processes and ceremonies constituting the Jewish wedding before the Chuppa and after it, he demonstrated how cultural tradition is passed on within the Jewish family in various Moroccan communities and described the social-discursive networks which operate and guide it<ref>Joseph Chetrit (main author), ''Traditional Jewish Wedding in Morocco: Interpretive and Ethnographic Studies''. ''Miqqedem Umiyyam'' VIII, Haifa 2003 (Hebrew).</ref>. |
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====History of Moroccan Jews==== |
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Another field of research illuminates various issues in the history of Moroccan Jews through special poems written by poets who experienced the historical events and described them through the perspective of their community members. These poems are frequently the primary documentation preserved relating to the matter. |
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Chetrit has also studied the general position and status of Jewish tradition in determining the life-practices and social orders in various communities. Thus, he described the discursive strategies and content of the traditional communal discourse, which was conducted according to the teachings and writings of rabbis. He also described the changes that took place in the discourse in the end of the 19th century, and more specifically, the new linguistic uses in Hebrew and Judeo-Arabic, which led to the formation of a new middle Judeo-Arabic in Tunis. In another study, Chetrit characterized the dual culture of Moroccan Jews. This duality included, on the one hand, the learned rabbinic culture and on the other hand, the mixed popular culture. This popular culture includes core values derive from practical Halacha and Jewish tradition and ceremonies, practices, and forms of life that deviated at times from the purely Halachic canon, for example, the beliefs in magic, demons, fortune, evil eye, and so forth. The folk communities that practised such beliefs did not view them as contradictory to the basic beliefs that define their distinct Jewish identity, but as an existential need that cures their physical and mental ailments, due to the lack of medicine and physicians as they operate today. Chetrit sees this duality between learned rabbinic culture and syncretic folk culture as the core which granted them the mental strength and stable Jewish identity that enabled their survival despite the persecutions under Islam<ref>Joseph Chetrit, “The Hierarchy of Jewish Festivals in Traditional Jewish Communities: Poetic and Linguistic Structures in a Dispute Poem between Pesaḥ and Sukkot in Moroccan Judeo-Arabic of XVIIIth Century”, in M. Muchnik et Z. Sadan (eds.), ''Mehkarim ba-<sup>c</sup>Ivrit ha-Ḥadasha u-vi-Lshonot ha-Yehudim Mugashim le-Ora (Rodrigue) Schwarzwald,'' Jerusalem: Carmel Editions, 2012, pp. 558-579 (Hebrew). ''Idem'', "Délices et fastes sabbatiques. Édition et analyse d'une ''Qaṣi:da'' judéo-arabe d'Essaouira/Mogador sur le repas festif du sabbat", in J. Den Heijer, P. La Spisa et L. Tuerlinckx (eds.), ''Autour de la langue arabe. Etudes présentées à Jacques Grand'Henry à l'occasion de son 70e anniversaire'', Louvain-La-Neuve: Institut Orientaliste, 2012. pp. 87-117. 2012, pp. 558-579</ref>. |
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Chetrit examined a document from the middle-ages that described an alleged growth, power, and destruction of the old Jewish community of Dar<sup>c</sup>a in south Morocco which had a supposedly powerful army. He showed that the document was written by Muslim scholars at the end of the 13th century, and not by Jews. The erudite authors fabricated this Jewish history in order to retroactively legitimize the extermination of the Jewish community of Dar<sup>c</sup>a in 1145 or 1146 by the Almohad Caliphate. Another research is dedicated to Morocco's Jewish communities during WWII. |
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====Hebrew and Judeo-Arabic enlightenment in North Africa and the Ottoman Empire==== |
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Chetrit has focused his research on additional aspects of the development of Jewish culture in North-Africa and beyond this region. Thus, he uncovered the Hebrew and Judeo-Arabic enlightenment movements that developed during the second half of the 19th century in North-Africa. These movements were influenced by the Hebrew harmonious enlightenment movement of Eastern Europe that sought to integrate rabbinic tradition and biblical culture with the European values of enlightenment. In his studies, he also shed light on the characters of the enlightenment movements' leaders, such as Rabbi Shalom Flaḥ, Rabbi David Elkaim, Isaac ben Yaish Ha-Levy, Rabbi Baruch Mitrani, and more, and described their positions, struggles, and literary and journalistic creation<ref>Joseph Chetrit, “A New Awareness of Anomaly and Language: The Beginnings of a Haskalah Movement in Morocco at the End of XIXth Century”, ''Miqqedem Umiyyam'' II (1986), pp. 129-168 (Hebrew). Idem, "National Hebrew Modernity Against French Modernity in North Africa at the End of XIXth Century”, ''Miqqedem Umiyyam'' III (1990), pp. 11-76 (Hebrew). ''Idem'', "La Haskala hébraïque dans le monde sepharade", in Sh. Trigano (ed.), ''Le monde sépharade'', vol. I ''Histoire'', Paris: Editions du Seuil 2006, pp. 745-809 ; ''Idem'', "Le monde sépharade en quête de normalité. Réception et perception des nouveaux modèles culturels dans les communautés juives de l'Empire Ottoman et d'Afrique du Nord dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle", in Sh. Trigano (ed.), ''La civilisation du judaïsme'', Paris: Editions de l’Eclat, 2012, pp. 335-376.</ref><ref>Joseph Chetrit, "Mutations in Discourse and Judeo-Arabic of North African Jews at the End of XIXth Century”, ''Pe<sup>c</sup>amim'' 53 (1993), pp. 90-123 (Hebrew). ''Idem'', “Tradition du discours et discours de la tradition dans les communautés juives du Maroc”, in S. Menashe (ed.), ''Communication in the Jewish Diaspora. The Pre-Modern World,'' Leiden - New York - Köln: Brill, 1996, pp. 339-407. ''Idem'', "Discours et modernité en Afrique du Nord à la fin du XIXe siècle", in E. Benbassa (ed.), ''Transmision et Passages en monde juif'' , Paris: Publisud, 1997, pp. 379-400.</ref>. |
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Additional research is dedicated to Morocco's Jewish communities during WWII. |
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====History of Moroccan Jews==== |
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Another field of research illuminates various issues in the history of Moroccan Jews, among other things through special poems written by poets who experienced the historical events and described them through the perspective of their community members. These poems are frequently the primary documentation preserved relating to the matter<ref>Joseph Chetrit, "The Secret of David Hareubeni According to a Moroccan Piyyut”, ''Tarbiz'' 60/2 (1991), pp. 237-263 (Hebrew). ''Idem'', "L'histoire mouvementée des juifs de Fès", in ''Fès, l’âme du Maroc. Douze siècles d’histoire'', vol. III. Grenade: Editorial Almed, 2017, pp. 1197-1211. English version: “The Eventful History of the Jews of Fes”, in ''Fes, The Soul of Morocco. Twelve Centuries of History'', Grenade: Editorial Almed, 2017, pp. 264-277. ''Idem'', "The Conversion to Islam of Isaac Elharrar in 1932 in Mogador: Documents and Their Interpretation. The Enforcement of a Rabbinical Decision and Its Difficulties Under the Colonial Rule”, in ''Homage to Moshe Ammar'', edited by M. Bar-Asher et al. Jerusalem: Bialik Institute, 2018, pp. 411-450.</ref>. |
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=== Dissemination of North-African Jewish culture === |
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In an extensive study, Chetrit examined a document from the middle-ages that described an alleged growth, power, and destruction of the old Jewish community of Dar<sup>c</sup>a in south Morocco which had a supposedly powerful army. He showed that the document was written by Muslim scholars at the end of the 13th century, and not by Jews. The erudite authors fabricated this Jewish history in order to retroactively legitimise the extermination of the Jewish community of Dar<sup>c</sup>a in 1145 or 1146 by the Almohad Caliphate<ref>Joseph Chetrit, “Une communauté au passé légendaire, Oufrane”, in M. Mezzine, A. Sasson et A. Gomel (eds.), ''Communautés juives au sud de l’Anti-Atlas'', Casablanca: La Croisée des Chemins, 2015, pp. 93-105. ''Idem'', “Religious Polemics and Invention of Jewish History - A Study of a Chronicle on a Legendary Jewish Kingdom In Dar<sup>c</sup>a Valley (Morocco)”, ''Pe<sup>c</sup>amim'' 146-147, pp. 9-75 (Hebrew).</ref>. Another research is dedicated to Morocco's Jewish communities during WWII<ref>Joseph Chetrit, "Les juifs de Mogador (Essaouira) pendant la Seconde Guerre Mondiale: la terreur de Vichy et sa gestion communautaire", in Dan Mechman et Haim. Saadoun (ed.), ''Les Juifs d'Afrique du Nord face à l’Allemagne nazie”'', Paris: Perrin, 2018, pp. 149-175. |
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Chetrit established an academic unit in the Faculty of Humanities, University of Haifa, dedicated to the legacy of Sephardic and Eastern Jews. As part of this unit, he established new courses in various university departments, with partial funding from the Centre for Sephardic and Eastern Heritage. The academic unit has operated for more than twenty years. In addition, he initiated and organized dozens of seminars, national, and international conferences. |
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In addition, In 1998, he established in the University of Haifa's Research Authority the Centre for the Study of Jewish Culture in Spain and Muslim Countries and was its head until December 2018. |
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See his lecture about Moroccan Jews during the Second World War in the link: http://jychetrit.s379.upress.link/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8-%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A8-1/</ref>. |
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Chetrit initiated and edited the monograph ''Miqqedem U-Miyyam'' (Hebrew), which its nine volumes were all dedicated to the study of various aspects in the history and cultural heritage of Jewish communities in the Middle East and North Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=מקדם ומים - רשימת הכרכים|url=http://josephchetrit.haifa.ac.il/mikedem/hebrew/list.html|access-date=2021-05-22|website=josephchetrit.haifa.ac.il}}</ref> |
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=== Cultivation and distribution of North-African and Eastern Jewish culture === |
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Chetrit established an academic unit in the Faculty of Humanities, University of Haifa, dedicated to the legacy of Sephardic and Eastern Jews. As part of this unit, he established new courses in various university departments, with partial funding from the Centre for Sephardic and Eastern Heritage. The academic unit has operated for more than twenty years. In addition, he initiated and organised dozens of seminars, national, and international conferences. |
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In addition to his lectures to the wide public and his fieldwork, he initiated and edited the series ''Miqqedem U-Miyyam'', which nine volumes so far were all dedicated to the study of various aspects in the history and cultural heritage of Jewish communities in the Middle East and North Africa. Furthermore, in 1998, he established in the University of Haifa's Research Authority the Centre for the Study of Jewish Culture in Spain and Muslim Countries, and was its head until it closed on December 2018. |
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== Tsfon-Ma'arav Ensemble == |
== Tsfon-Ma'arav Ensemble == |
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Chetrit established the Tsfon Ma'arav ensemble in 1979, and he manages and guides it to this day. The ensemble aims to raise the Israeli audience's awareness to the various musical traditions and poetic creation of North-African Jewry in general and Moroccan Jewry in particular, in the two original languages of the various communities - Hebrew and Judeo-Arabic. The ensemble's material originates in Chetrit's research about the literary creation and linguistic and musical traditions of North-African Jews. The concerts include presentations of the Jewish life in Morocco in sayings, sounds, acting, dancing, singing, and music, as well as sets of liturgical poems and Andalusi music and poetry |
Chetrit established the Tsfon Ma'arav ensemble in 1979, and he manages and guides it to this day. The ensemble aims to raise the Israeli audience's awareness to the various musical traditions and poetic creation of North-African Jewry in general and Moroccan Jewry in particular, in the two original languages of the various communities - Hebrew and Judeo-Arabic. The ensemble's material originates in Chetrit's research about the literary creation and linguistic and musical traditions of North-African Jews. The concerts include presentations of the Jewish life in Morocco in sayings, sounds, acting, dancing, singing, and music, as well as sets of liturgical poems and Andalusi music and poetry |
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The band is the only one in Israel and abroad to integrate women in the performance of the liturgic poetry of Moroccan Jews. |
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The band is the only one in Israel and abroad to integrate women in the performance of the liturgic poetry of Moroccan Jews<ref>“Souffles judéo-andalous” – 4 CD, deux de musique andalouse dans la tradition marocaine et la tradition algérienne et deux de piyyutim en hébreu et de chants en judéo-arabe, avec une brochure luxueuse des textes judéo-arabes et hébraïques. – Université de Haifa, 2007, and “Souffles judéo-andalous II” – 2 CD avec des séquences de musique andalouse, des séquences bilingues (hébreu et judéo-arabe), des piyyutim de fêtes et des chansons populaires – Université de Haifa, 2012.</ref>. |
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The ensemble has recorded so far four sets of tapes, CDs and DVDs.<ref>{{Cite web|title=להקת צפון מערב - The team tzfon maarav|url=http://josephchetrit.haifa.ac.il/tzfon-maarav/index-in.htm|access-date=2021-05-30|website=josephchetrit.haifa.ac.il}}</ref> |
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The ensemble has recorded so far four sets of tapes, CDs and DVDs. The King of Morocco sent Chetrit a letter of appreciation, thanking him for this work of cultivation and distribution of the musical and cultural tradition shared by Jews and Muslims in Morocco<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jychetrit.s379.upress.link/%d7%9c%d7%94%d7%a7%d7%aa-%d7%a6%d7%a4%d7%95%d7%9f-%d7%9e%d7%a2%d7%a8%d7%91-%d7%94%d7%95%d7%a4%d7%a2%d7%95%d7%aa/|title=Performances by the Tsfon-Macarav Ensemble|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>. |
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==Awards and honors== |
==Awards and honors== |
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* In 2011, a two-volume festschrift was published in his honour, edited by Yosef Tobi and Dennis Kurzon.<ref>{{Cite web|title=חקרי מערב ומזרח : לשונות, ספרויות ופרקי תולדה מוגשים ליוסף שיטרית / בעריכת יוסף טובי ודניס קורזון {{!}} שטרית, יוסף {{!}} הספרייה הלאומית|url=https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH990030232960205171/NLI|access-date=2021-05-21|website=www.nli.org.il|language=he}}</ref> |
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* The 2019 Prime Minister’s Award for the encouragement and empowerment of the study of Jewish communities in Arab countries,<ref>{{Cite web|title=הפקולטה למדעי הרוח I אוניברסיטת חיפה - ברכות לפרופ' יוסף שיטרית - 02.08.2020|url=http://hcc.haifa.ac.il/index.php/he/home-he-il/announcements/4097-isf-26-07-2021|access-date=2021-05-21|website=hcc.haifa.ac.il}}</ref> |
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* The Nissim Gaon award for the study of North-African Jewish heritage, the Golden Prize of Ashdod municipality for the dissimination of the heritage of Jewish communities,<ref>{{Cite web|title=פרס תור הזהב 2016|url=https://www.pras-torhazahav.co.il/gallery.asp?item=3059}}</ref> |
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* The Haim Zafrani award for the study of Moroccan Jewry awarded by the Jewish Studies institute in Paris.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Le Prix Haïm Zafrani|url=http://www.instituteliewiesel.com/node/14|access-date=2021-05-21|website=www.instituteliewiesel.com|language=fr}}</ref> |
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* The Paris municipality medal and the Palmes Académiques decoration from the French government with the officer rank. |
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==Publications== |
==Publications== |
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===Books=== |
===Books=== |
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# |
# ''Syntaxe de la phrase complexe à subordonnée temporelle''. Paris: Editions Klincksieck, 1976. 226 p. |
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# |
# ''The Piyyutim and Baqqashot of the Moroccan Jews''. Tel-Aviv: Moreshet Dorot Press, 1991 (Hebrew) |
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# |
# ''The Written Judeo-Arabic Poetry in North Africa: Poetic, Linguistic and Cultural Studies''. Jerusalem: Misgav Yerushalayim Press, 1994 (Hebrew) |
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# |
# ''Hebrew Poetry in Morocco: Studies on Poems and Poets''. Jerusalem: Bialik Institute, 1999 (Hebrew) |
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# |
# ''Traditional Jewish Wedding in Morocco: Interpretive and Ethnographic Studies''(main author). ''Miqqedem Umiyyam'' VIII, Haifa 2003 (Hebrew) |
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# |
# ''Diglossie, Hybridation et Diversité intra-linguistique. Etudes socio-pragmatiques sur les langues juives, le judéo-arabe et le judéo-berbère''. Paris-Louvain: Peeters 2007 |
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# |
# ''Linguistic Treasures and Textures. Socio-Pragmatic Studies on Judeo-Arabic in North Africa and its Hebrew Component: Articles, Poems, Tales and Proverbs''. Jerusalem: Bialik Institute, 2009 (Hebrew) |
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# |
# ''Paroles exquises. Proverbes judéo-marocains sur la vie et la famille, en transcription phonético-phonologique, arabe et judéo-arabe et en traduction francaise et hébraïque.'' Collection Matanel. Waterloo : Avant-Propos, 2014 |
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# |
# ''Paroles affables. Proverbes judéo-marocains sur l’hospitalité et l’amitié''. Collection Matanel. Waterloo: Avant-Propos, 2015 |
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=== |
===Edited books=== |
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#(with Y. Barnai et alii), ''Studies on Judaism in Muslim Lands''. ''Miqqedem Umiyyam'' I (1981), Haifa: Haifa University Press (Hebrew). |
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#(with Z. Yehuda), Studies on Jewish Society in Muslim Lands. ''Miqqedem Umiyyam'' II (1986), Haifa: Faculty of Humanities (Hebrew). |
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2. "Judeo-Arabic and Judeo-Spanish in Morocco and their Sociolinguistic Interaction", in: J.A. Fishman (ed.), ''Readings in the Sociology of Jewish Languages''. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1985, pp. 261-279. |
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#''Tradition and Modernity in North African and Oriental Jewries. Miqqedem Umiyyam'' III (1990), Haifa: Faculty of Humanities (Hebrew). |
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3. "Stratégies discursives dans la langue des femmes judéo-arabophones du Maroc", ''Massorot'' 2 (1986), pp. 41-66. |
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#''Tradition and Mutations in the Culture of Moroccan and Oriental Jews. Miqqedem Umiyyam'' IV (1991), Haifa: Faculty of Humanities (Hebrew). |
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#''Culture and Society in Oriental Jewries, Miqqedem Umiyyam'' VI (1995), Haifa: Faculty of Humanities (Hebrew). |
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5. "Hebrew Elements in Moroccan Judeo-Arabic: The Language of a Muslim Poem Written as if it Was Jewish”, ''Massorot'' 3-4 (1989), pp. 203-285 (Hebrew). |
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#(with H. Saadon), ''North African and Oriental Jewries in the XXth Century''. ''Miqqedem Umiyyam'' VII (2000), Haifa: Faculty of Humanities (Hebrew). |
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#(ed.), ''Traditional Jewish Wedding in Morocco: Interpretive and Ethnographic Studies''. ''Miqqedem Umiyyam'' VIII (2003), Haifa: Faculty of Humanities (Hebrew). |
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7. “The Beginnings of the Hebrew ''Haskalah'' Movement at the End of XIXth Century and their Influence on the Zionist Organization in Morocco”, in I. Ben-Ami (ed.), ''Etudes sur la Culture des Juifs d'Afrique du Nord'', Jerusalem, 1991, pp. 313-331 (Hebrew). |
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#''Jewish Metropolises: The Communities of Fes and Meknes'', ''Miqqedem Umiyyam'' IX (2006), Haifa: Faculty of Humanities (Hebrew). |
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#Joseph Chetrit, Jane S. Gerber, eds. ''Jews and Muslims in Morocco. Their Intersecting Worlds''. Lanham-NewYork: Lexington Books, 2021 (forthcoming). |
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9. "The Secret of David Hareubeni According to a Moroccan Piyyut”, ''Tarbiz'' 60/2 (1991), pp. 237-263 (Hebrew). |
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10. "A Sociolinguistic and Pragmatic Study of the Hebrew Component of North African Judeo-Arabic Poetry: Theoretical Aspects", ''Miqqedem Umiyyam'' V (1992), pp. 169-204 (Hebrew). |
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11. "Mutations in Discourse and Judeo-Arabic of North African Jews at the End of XIXth Century”, ''Pe<sup>c</sup>amim'' 53 (1993), pp. 90-123 (Hebrew). |
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12. "Friḥa bat Rabbi Abraham: A New Uncovering about the Moroccan Hebrew Poet Woman in XVIIIth Century”, ''Pe<sup>c</sup>amim'' 54 (1993), pp. 126-130 (Hebrew). |
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13. "Le judéo-arabe et ses stratégies d'existence", in Sh. Trigano (ed.), ''La société juive à travers l'histoire''. Vol. IV. Paris: Fayard, 1993, pp. 521-531; 709-714. |
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14. "L'hébreu moderne: totalisation et régénération d'une langue renouvelée", in Sh. Trigano (ed.), ''La société juive à travers l'histoire''. Vol. IV. Paris: Fayard, 1993, pp. 555-570; 716-726. |
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15. "Structures du mixage linguistique dans les langues secrètes juives du Maroc", in D. Caubet et C. Vanhove (eds.), ''Actes des premières journées internationales de dialectologie arabe de Paris'', Paris 1994, pp. 519-530. |
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16. “Dire proverbial et dire personnel. Pour une socio-pragmatique du proverbe”, in H. Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot et L. Kupferman (eds.), ''Tendances récentes en linguistique française et générale'', Amsterdam - Philadelphia: Benjamins, 1995, pp. 121–133. |
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17. “Hebrew Poetry in Morocco as Communal and Messianic Poetry”, ''Miqqedem Umiyyam'' VI (1995), pp. 159-233 (Hebrew). |
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18. “The Development of a Journalistic Judeo-Arabic in Tunis at the End of XIXth Century”, in M. Bar-Asher (ed.), ''Homage to Shelomo Morag''. Jérusalem, 1996, pp. 523-538 (Hebrew) |
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19. “Tradition du discours et discours de la tradition dans les communautés juives du Maroc”, in S. Menashe (ed.), ''Communication in the Jewish Diaspora. The Pre-Modern World,'' Leiden - New York - Köln: Brill, 1996, pp. 339-407. |
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20. "Proverbial Saying and Supra-Textual Saying: A Glance at the Proverbs of Moroccan Jews”, in ''Massorot'' IX-X-XI (1997), pp. 557-577 (Hebrew). French Version: ''Cahiers de Littérature Orale'' nº 44 (1998), pp. 143-171. |
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21. “L’œuvre poétique de Rabbi David Bouzaglo et les traditions musicales judéo-marocaines”, in M. Abitbol (ed.), ''Relations judéo-musulmanes au Maroc : perceptions et réalités'', Paris: Stavit, 1997, pp. 319-363. |
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22. "Les configurations textuelles et la diversité du judéo-arabe au Maroc. Etude socio-pragmatique", in ''Langues et Littératures: Contact et évolution des langues au Maro''c, Rabat: Publications de la Faculté des Lettres, 1998, pp. 71-116. |
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23. "L'hybridation poético-culturelle dans un poème arabo-musulman sur les juifs du Maroc", in D. Mendelson (ed.), ''Emergence des Francophonies: Israel, la Méditerranée, le Monde'', Limoges 2001, pp. 185-202. |
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24. "Ambivalence et hybridation culturelle: interférences entre la culture musulmane et la culture juive au Maroc", ''Perspectives'' 9 (2002), pp. 102-124. |
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25. "Les pratiques poético-musicales juives au Maroc", in ''Juifs du Maroc. Fastes et Facettes''. Paris 2002, pp. 30-43. Republished in ''Confluences Méditerranée'', nº 46 (été 2003), pp. 171-179. |
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26. "Mrs. Hanukkah and Mister Purim Quarrel: A Poetic Dispute from Morocco", in H. Benjamin (ed.), ''Lights from Atlas Mountains. Hanucca Lamps from Shulman Collection of Israel Museum'', Jerusalem 2002, pp. 18-21 (Hebrew). English version: ''Idem'', 2003, pp. 26-31. |
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27. "Configurations morpho-phonétiques dans le parler judéo-arabe de Meknès. Prolégomènes à une description du parler", in J. Lentin and A. Lonnet (eds.), ''Mélanges David Cohen'', Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose, 2003, pp. 159-172. |
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28. "Formulaic Sayings and Discourse: Proverbs and Formulas with Hebrew Elements in the Judeo-Arabic Discourse of the Jews of Taroudant”, ''Ha-'Ivrit ve-'Aḥyoteha'' 2-3 (2002-2003), pp. 255-290 (Hebrew). |
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29. "Les grands courants de la poésie judéo-arabe en Afrique du Nord", in P. Balta, C. Dana et R. Dhoqois-Cohen (eds.), ''La Méditerranée des Juifs: Exodes et enracinements,'' Paris: L’Harmattan, 2003, pp. 33-48. |
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30. "Jewish Theatre in Morocco", in H. Saadon (ed.), ''Portrait of a Community – Moroccan Jewry'', Jerusalem: Ben-Tzvi Institute 2004, pp. 213-226 (Hebrew). |
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31. "The Myth of Woman in the Poetry of Moroccan Jews: Two Rabbinical Dispute Poems from the Second Half of XIXth Century”, in ''Teshurot le-Avishur: Homage to Yitzhaq Avishur'', Tel Aviv 2004, pp. 321-339 (Hebrew). |
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32. "L'hybridation dans les traductions calques des textes bibliques: le cas du sharḥ judéo-arabe du Maroc", in J. Michel (ed.), ''Les enjeux de la traduction littéraire'', Paris 2004, pp. 182-208. |
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33. "Morpho-Phonetic Configurations in the Colloquial Judeo-Arabic of Meknes. Introduction to a Description of the Dialect with annotated Texts”, ''Mikkedem Umiyyam'' 9 (2006), pp. 211-248 (Hebrew). |
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34. "La Haskala hébraïque dans le monde sepharade", in Sh. Trigano (ed.), ''Le monde sépharade'', vol. I ''Histoire'', Paris: Editions du Seuil 2006, pp. 745-809. |
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35. "Haskala hébraïque et Haskala judéo-arabe à Tunis à la fin du XIXème siècle", in D. Cohen-Tannoudji ''et al.'', ''Les Juifs de Tunisie aux XIXème-XXème siècle'', Paris: Editions de l’Eclat, 2007, pp. 289-320. |
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36. "La réticence identitaire dans l'œuvre de Marcel Bénabou : identité diffractée, mémoire communautaire et écriture", in J. Michel (ed.), ''La réticence dans le roman et la poésie de notre temps'', Bucarest 2007, pp. 83-98. |
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37. "Pour une socio-pragmatique de l'identité socio-culturelle: L'identité judéo-marocaine et sa lente évolution au XXème siècle", in P. C. Cathelineau (ed.), ''Heurs et malheurs de l'identité'', ''Colloque de Fez 2007'', Paris: Association Lacanienne Internationale, 2008, pp. 311-352. |
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38. “A Socio-Pragmatic Study of Text and Textual Cohesion: Spaces, Sequences, Anchorages and Relators”, ''Ha-<sup>c</sup>Ivrit ve-'Aḥyoteha'' 8-9 (2009), pp. 9-82 (in Hebrew). |
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39. "La musique andalouse de Tsfon-Ma<sup>c</sup>arav", in ''Haïfa: Etats d'esprit/States of Mind''. ''Mediterraneans/Méditerranéennes,'' 14 (Spring 2010), pp. 244-250. |
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40. "The Syncretic Popular Culture of Moroccan Jews: The Image of Fortune in the Formulaic Sayings of the Jews of Taroudant”, in ''Homage to Shim'on Sharbit'', Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press, 2010, pp. 351-379 (Hebrew). |
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41. "Elève de l'Ecole de l'Alliance à Taroudant", ''Les Cahiers du Judaïsme'' nº 28 (2010), pp. 105-113. |
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42. "Music and Poetry as a Shared Cultural Space for Muslims and Jews in Morocco", in M. Bar-Asher and S. D. Fraade (eds.), ''Studies on North African Jews'', Jerusalem - New Haven, 2011, pp. 65-103. |
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43. "Textual orality and knowledge of illiterate women. The textual performance of Jewish women in Morocco", in F. Sadiki (ed.), ''Women and Knowledge in the Mediterranean'', London: Routledge, 2012, pp. 89-107. |
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44. "Le monde sépharade en quête de normalité. Réception et perception des nouveaux modèles culturels dans les communautés juives de l'Empire Ottoman et d'Afrique du Nord dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle", in Sh. Trigano (ed.), ''La civilisation du judaïsme'', Paris: Editions de l’Eclat, 2012, pp. 335-376. |
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45. "L'identité judéo-marocaine après la dispersion des communautés: mémoire, culture et identité des Juifs du Maroc en Israel", in F. Abecassis, R. Aouad et K. Direche (eds.), ''La bienvenue et l'adieu. Migrants juifs et musulmans au Maghreb (XVe-XXe siècles)''. vol. II: ''Ruptures et recompositions'', Casablanca: La Croisée des Chemins, 2012, pp. 135-164. |
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46. “The Hierarchy of Jewish Festivals in Traditional Jewish Communities: Poetic and Linguistic Structures in a Dispute Poem between Pesaḥ and Sukkot in Moroccan Judeo-Arabic of XVIIIth Century”, in M. Muchnik et Z. Sadan (eds.), ''Mehkarim ba-<sup>c</sup>Ivrit ha-Ḥadasha u-vi-Lshonot ha-Yehudim Mugashim le-Ora (Rodrigue) Schwarzwald,'' Jerusalem: Carmel Editions, 2012, pp. 558-579 (Hebrew). |
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47. "Délices et fastes sabbatiques. Édition et analyse d'une ''Qaṣi:da'' judéo-arabe d'Essaouira/Mogador sur le repas festif du sabbat", in J. Den Heijer, P. La Spisa et L. Tuerlinckx (eds.), ''Autour de la langue arabe. Etudes présentées à Jacques Grand'Henry à l'occasion de son 70e anniversaire'', Louvain-La-Neuve: Institut Orientaliste, 2012. pp. 87-117. |
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48. "Rénovation linguistique et resémiotisation du monde. La presse judéo-arabe d'Afrique du Nord en quête d'une langue journalistique", ''Cahiers de la Méditerranée'' 85 (2012), pp. 147-186. |
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49. "'Le jeune garçon qui a fait un rêve'. Force formulaire et pouvoir de la musique dans un conte inédit en judéo-arabe marocain d'El-Jadida", in A. Barontini, Ch. Pereira, A. Vicente et K. Ziamari (eds.), ''Dynamiques langagières en Arabophonies: variations, contacts, migrations et création artistique. Hommage offert à Dominique Caubet par ses élèves et ses collègues'', Zaragoza: Universidad de Saragoza - Paris: INALCO, 2012, pp. 481-496. |
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50. “Formation and Diversity of Jewish Languages and of Judeo-Arabic in North Africa. I. Middle Judeo-Arabic and its forms of hybridization”, in J''ournal of Jewish Languages'' I/2 (2013), pp. 177-206. |
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51. “Les enjeux linguistiques et idéologiques d’une révolution culturelle juive au Moyen Âge”, in Fabre, Thierry, ed. ''Penser la Méditerranée au XXIe siècle : Les rencontres Averroès 20''. Marseille : Editions Parenthèses, 2014, pp. 43-53. |
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52. “Judeo-Arabic Dialects in North Africa as Communal Languages: Lects, Polylects, Sociolects”. ''Journal of Jewish Languges'' 2/2 (2014), pp. 202-232. |
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53. A Socio-Pragmatic Study of A Judeo-Arabic Poem about the Persecutions of Mulay Yazid Against the Jews of Tafilalt (1790-1792)“, in E. Papu ''et alii'' (eds.), ''Homage to Tamar Alexander-Friezer,'' Beer Sheva: University of Ben-Gurion Press, vol. 2, 2015, pp. 775-806 (Hebrew). |
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54. “Jewish Berber”, in Lily Kahn and Aaron Rubin (eds.), ''Handbook of Jewish Languages'', Leiden: Brill, 2015, pp. 118-129. |
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55. “Diversity of Judeo-Arabic dialects in North Africa: Eqa:l, Wqal, k<sup>j</sup>al and ʔal dilalects”, ''Journal of Jewish Languges'' 4/1 (2016), pp. 1-43. |
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56. “Religious Polemics and Invention of Jewish History - A Study of a Chronicle on a Legendary Jewish Kingdom In Dar<sup>c</sup>a Valley (Morocco)”, ''Pe<sup>c</sup>amim'' 146-147 (2016), pp. 9-75 (Hebrew). |
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57. "L'histoire mouvementée des juifs de Fès", in ''Fès, l’âme du Maroc. Douze siècles d’histoire'', vol. III. Grenade: Editorial Almed, 2017, pp. 1197-1211. English version: “The Eventful History of the Jews of Fes”, in ''Fes, The Soul of Morocco. Twelve Centuries of History'', Grenade: Editorial Almed, 2017, pp. 264-277. |
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58. "The Three Categories of Judeo-Arabic Dialects in Morocco", ''Encyclopedy of Jews in the Islamic World (EJIW)'', new edition online, Leiden, Brill, 2017. |
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59. “Representations of the Community and Communal Ethos - A Socio-Pragmatic Study of a Lamentation of R. Shelomo Halewa (Meknes, 1790), in S. Fassberg and O. Tirosh-Becker (eds.), ''Homage to Aharon Maman'', Massorot 18 (2017), pp. 563-583 |
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60. "Les juifs de Mogador (Essaouira) pendant la Seconde Guerre Mondiale: la terreur de Vichy et sa gestion communautaire", in Dan Mechman et Haim. Saadoun (ed.), ''Les Juifs d'Afrique du Nord face à l’Allemagne nazie”'', Paris: Perrin, 2018, pp. 149-175. |
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61. “Judeo-Berber in Morocco”, in Benjamin Hary and Sarah Benor (eds.), ''Languages'' in Jewish Communities, Past and Present, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2018, pp. 70-93. |
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62. "The Conversion to Islam Of Isaac Elharrar in 1932 in Mogador: Documents and Their Interpretation. The Enforcement of a Rabbinical Decision and Its Difficulties Under the Colonial Rule”, in ''Homage to Moshe Ammar'', edited by M. Bar-Asher et al. Jerusalem: Bialik Institute, 2018, pp. 411-450 |
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63. “The Judeo-Arabic of Northern Moroccan Jewish Communities Speaking Judeo-Spanish according to Hebrew Manuscripts of XIXth Century”, ''Ben ˤEver le-ˤArav'' 10-11 (2019), pp. 209-263. |
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64. “Intimacy, Cooperation and Ambivalence: Social, Economic and Cultural Interaction Between Jews and Berbers in Morocco”, ''European Judaism'', vol. 52/2 (2019), pp. 18-30. |
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65. “Writing Games of Moroccan Rabbis: Poetic Structures of the Hebrew Poem about the Pen of R. Shelomo Ammar (Meknes, 1830-1889) - the Poem and its Edition” in ''Mahshevet ha-Sefer. Studies in Jewish Literatures Presented to Avi Lipsker'', Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press, 2020, pp. 301-315 (in Hebrew). |
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66. “Sultan Sidi Mohammed ben Youssef and the Moroccan Jews During the Second World War: New Discoveries.” in ''Jews and Muslims in Morocco''. ''Their Intersecting Worlds''. ed. Joseph Chetrit, Jane Gerber and Drora Arussi. Lanham-New York: Lexington Books, 2021, pp. 73-104. |
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67. “Growing up in the Mellah of Taroudant: Spaces, Time, Acquaintances, and Rupture. A Memoir with Two Poems”, in ''Jews and Muslims in Morocco''. ''Their Intersecting Worlds'', ed. Joseph Chetrit, Jane Gerber and Drora Arussi. Lanham-New York: Lexington Books, 2021, pp. 399-418. |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* {{URL|https://jychetrit.haifa.ac.il/}} |
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* site |
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* {{Facebook|id=https://www.facebook.com/josephyossi.chetrit/|name=Joseph Yossi Chetrit}} |
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* facebook |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Chetrit, Joseph}} |
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[[Category:1941 births]] |
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Latest revision as of 12:44, 30 April 2024
Joseph (Yossi) Chetrit (born 1941) is Emeritus Professor of the French language and literature department and the Hebrew language department at the University of Haifa, former head of the Centre for the Study of Jewish Culture in Spain and Muslim Countries,[1] and founder of the Tsfon-Maarav Troupe.[2]
Biography
[edit]Joseph Chetrit was born in 1941 in Morocco, where he completed his primary studies in Taroudant, and his secondary and education studies in Casablanca. He immigrated in 1963 to Israel, where he received his university education at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, then at the Sorbonne, where he prepared a doctorate in French grammar. From October 1972 until his retirement in October 2009, he taught at the University of Haifa French linguistics (at the Department of French Language and Literature) and socio-pragmatics of Judeo-Arabic and contemporary Hebrew (at the Department of Hebrew language). He also taught Hebrew at the Paris Community Center and Jewish Civilization in North Africa at INALCO University in Paris and at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. At Haifa University, he served as director of the language and French literature, dean of the Faculty of Humanities, vice-rector and member of the management.[3]
Research activity
[edit]His research focuses on the study of Jewish languages and Jewish culture in North Africa in their various aspects - linguistic, socio-discursive, socio-historical, socio-cultural and literary.[4] He published in these different fields several books and dozens of articles and monographs,[5] especially on Hebrew and Judeo-Arabic poetry in North Africa, on traditional and modern Jewish discourse,[6] on modernization and Haskalah in communities, on the language of Jewish women in Morocco and their proverbs, on the linguistic and sociolinguistic specificities of Judeo-Arabic and Judeo-Berber and on the musical traditions of the Jewish communities of Morocco.[7]
At the University of Haifa, he was the director of the Center for the Study on Jewish Culture in Spain and Islamic countries and the interdisciplinary project “Mediterranean Civilizations and their significance for our time.” He is also the editor of the book series "MIQQEDEM UMIYYAM" which publishes collections of essays on history and cultural heritage of Jewish communities in Islamic countries and in the Sephardic world.[8]
Fieldwork
[edit]Throughout his career, Chetrit has advocated for the preservation of the oral traditions and languages of North-African Jews. Between 1978-1981, Chetrit initiated and coordinated a research and education workshop, which took place in the town Shlomi. The project was funded by the Center for the Heritage of Jews from Spain and the East in the Ministry of Education and Culture. The workshop included the audio documentation of oral poetry, proverbs, and tales of the Jewish life in the communities from which Shlomi's residents originated.[9]
Research and published work
[edit]Chetrit’s early research work is concerned with the study of French lexicology and syntax. However, his primary research work is related to various fields of North-African Jewry as reflected in his publications as follows:
Jewish languages in North Africa
[edit]Chetrit's research includes the characterization and categorization of Judeo-Arabic dialects from North-Africa into four groups based on phonetic and phonological structure: Eqa:l in Libya, Tunisia and Algeria, Wqal in the Atlantic regions of Morocco, Nkal in northern Morocco, and SEkjal in south eastern Morocco. In addition, he described the Berber that was used among the Jews of Moroccan rural communities, the influence of French on Judeo-Arabic dialects, and the linguistic relationships between Judeo-Arabic and Judeo-Spanish in Morocco. Furthermore, he described the Hebrew component of the lexical and structural foundations of Judeo-Arabic, including the Jewish secret languages based on Hebrew lexical elements and formulae.
Hebrew poetry and music in Morocco
[edit]Chetrit's research and publications are also concerned with the Bakashot and Piyutim (liturgic poetry) of Moroccan. He discovered Hebrew poets in Morocco, as well as unique poems which shed light on events and processes that have little or no other documentation including the poets Rabbi Shlomo Haliwa, Rabbi David Elkaim, Rabbi David Bouzaglo,[10] Nissim Naqqab, as well as the unique female Hebrew poet Friha bat Rabbi Avraham ben-Adiba. Through his interest in the affinities between liturgic poetry and Andalusi music and the Arabic Qasida poetry in Morocco, he also described the cultural and practical components that led Jews to collaborate with Muslim musicians throughout the generations.
Judeo-Arabic poetry, language, and culture
[edit]He has published an essay in literary studies of the trends and patterns of Judeo-Arabic poetry, in addition to other essays concerned with the interpretation of poems of historical or cultural importance for the study of Jewish life in Morocco.
During the fieldwork at Shlomi between 1978-1981, thousands of Judeo-Arabic proverbs and idioms were recorded and documented for research and education purposes. These proverbs were spoken mostly by older women, and in part by men, and were published along with their linguistic and cultural status in several collections.
He wrote a book about the traditional Jewish wedding studies the values, practices, rituals and ceremonies as practiced in Morocco. This research also describes the social-discursive networks which operate and guide the traditions of the Jewish wedding.
He described the discursive strategies and content of the traditional communal discourse, which was conducted according to the teachings and writings of rabbis. He also described the changes that took place in the discourse in the end of the 19th century, and more specifically, the new linguistic uses in Hebrew and Judeo-Arabic, which led to the formation of a new middle Judeo-Arabic in Tunis. In another study, Chetrit characterized the dual culture of Moroccan Jews. This duality included, on the one hand, the learned rabbinic culture and on the other hand, the mixed popular culture. This popular culture includes core values derived from practical Halacha and Jewish tradition and ceremonies, practices, and forms of life that deviated at times from the purely Halachic canon, for example, the beliefs in magic, demons, fortune, evil eye, and so forth. The folk communities that practiced such beliefs did not view them as contradictory to the basic beliefs that define their distinct Jewish identity, but as an existential need that cures their physical and mental ailments, due to the lack of medicine and physicians as they operate today. Chetrit sees this duality between learned rabbinic culture and syncretic folk culture as the core which granted them the mental strength and stable Jewish identity that enabled their survival despite the persecutions under Islam.
Hebrew and Judeo-Arabic enlightenment
[edit]Chetrit has focused his research on additional aspects of the development of Jewish culture in North-Africa and beyond this region. Thus, he studied the Hebrew and Judeo-Arabic enlightenment movements that developed during the second half of the 19th century in North-Africa. These movements were influenced by the Hebrew harmonious enlightenment movement of Eastern Europe that sought to integrate rabbinic tradition and biblical culture with the European values of enlightenment. His studies illuminated the characters of the enlightenment movements' leaders, such as Rabbi Shalom Flaḥ, Rabbi David Elkaim, Isaac ben Yaish Ha-Levy, Rabbi Baruch Mitrani, and more, and described their positions, struggles, and literary and journalistic creation.
History of Moroccan Jews
[edit]Another field of research illuminates various issues in the history of Moroccan Jews through special poems written by poets who experienced the historical events and described them through the perspective of their community members. These poems are frequently the primary documentation preserved relating to the matter.
Chetrit examined a document from the middle-ages that described an alleged growth, power, and destruction of the old Jewish community of Darca in south Morocco which had a supposedly powerful army. He showed that the document was written by Muslim scholars at the end of the 13th century, and not by Jews. The erudite authors fabricated this Jewish history in order to retroactively legitimize the extermination of the Jewish community of Darca in 1145 or 1146 by the Almohad Caliphate. Another research is dedicated to Morocco's Jewish communities during WWII.
Additional research is dedicated to Morocco's Jewish communities during WWII.
Dissemination of North-African Jewish culture
[edit]Chetrit established an academic unit in the Faculty of Humanities, University of Haifa, dedicated to the legacy of Sephardic and Eastern Jews. As part of this unit, he established new courses in various university departments, with partial funding from the Centre for Sephardic and Eastern Heritage. The academic unit has operated for more than twenty years. In addition, he initiated and organized dozens of seminars, national, and international conferences.
In addition, In 1998, he established in the University of Haifa's Research Authority the Centre for the Study of Jewish Culture in Spain and Muslim Countries and was its head until December 2018.
Chetrit initiated and edited the monograph Miqqedem U-Miyyam (Hebrew), which its nine volumes were all dedicated to the study of various aspects in the history and cultural heritage of Jewish communities in the Middle East and North Africa.[11]
Tsfon-Ma'arav Ensemble
[edit]Chetrit established the Tsfon Ma'arav ensemble in 1979, and he manages and guides it to this day. The ensemble aims to raise the Israeli audience's awareness to the various musical traditions and poetic creation of North-African Jewry in general and Moroccan Jewry in particular, in the two original languages of the various communities - Hebrew and Judeo-Arabic. The ensemble's material originates in Chetrit's research about the literary creation and linguistic and musical traditions of North-African Jews. The concerts include presentations of the Jewish life in Morocco in sayings, sounds, acting, dancing, singing, and music, as well as sets of liturgical poems and Andalusi music and poetry
The band is the only one in Israel and abroad to integrate women in the performance of the liturgic poetry of Moroccan Jews.
The ensemble has recorded so far four sets of tapes, CDs and DVDs.[12]
Awards and honors
[edit]- In 2011, a two-volume festschrift was published in his honour, edited by Yosef Tobi and Dennis Kurzon.[13]
- The 2019 Prime Minister’s Award for the encouragement and empowerment of the study of Jewish communities in Arab countries,[14]
- The Nissim Gaon award for the study of North-African Jewish heritage, the Golden Prize of Ashdod municipality for the dissimination of the heritage of Jewish communities,[15]
- The Haim Zafrani award for the study of Moroccan Jewry awarded by the Jewish Studies institute in Paris.[16]
- The Paris municipality medal and the Palmes Académiques decoration from the French government with the officer rank.
Publications
[edit]Books
[edit]- Syntaxe de la phrase complexe à subordonnée temporelle. Paris: Editions Klincksieck, 1976. 226 p.
- The Piyyutim and Baqqashot of the Moroccan Jews. Tel-Aviv: Moreshet Dorot Press, 1991 (Hebrew)
- The Written Judeo-Arabic Poetry in North Africa: Poetic, Linguistic and Cultural Studies. Jerusalem: Misgav Yerushalayim Press, 1994 (Hebrew)
- Hebrew Poetry in Morocco: Studies on Poems and Poets. Jerusalem: Bialik Institute, 1999 (Hebrew)
- Traditional Jewish Wedding in Morocco: Interpretive and Ethnographic Studies(main author). Miqqedem Umiyyam VIII, Haifa 2003 (Hebrew)
- Diglossie, Hybridation et Diversité intra-linguistique. Etudes socio-pragmatiques sur les langues juives, le judéo-arabe et le judéo-berbère. Paris-Louvain: Peeters 2007
- Linguistic Treasures and Textures. Socio-Pragmatic Studies on Judeo-Arabic in North Africa and its Hebrew Component: Articles, Poems, Tales and Proverbs. Jerusalem: Bialik Institute, 2009 (Hebrew)
- Paroles exquises. Proverbes judéo-marocains sur la vie et la famille, en transcription phonético-phonologique, arabe et judéo-arabe et en traduction francaise et hébraïque. Collection Matanel. Waterloo : Avant-Propos, 2014
- Paroles affables. Proverbes judéo-marocains sur l’hospitalité et l’amitié. Collection Matanel. Waterloo: Avant-Propos, 2015
Edited books
[edit]- (with Y. Barnai et alii), Studies on Judaism in Muslim Lands. Miqqedem Umiyyam I (1981), Haifa: Haifa University Press (Hebrew).
- (with Z. Yehuda), Studies on Jewish Society in Muslim Lands. Miqqedem Umiyyam II (1986), Haifa: Faculty of Humanities (Hebrew).
- Tradition and Modernity in North African and Oriental Jewries. Miqqedem Umiyyam III (1990), Haifa: Faculty of Humanities (Hebrew).
- Tradition and Mutations in the Culture of Moroccan and Oriental Jews. Miqqedem Umiyyam IV (1991), Haifa: Faculty of Humanities (Hebrew).
- Culture and Society in Oriental Jewries, Miqqedem Umiyyam VI (1995), Haifa: Faculty of Humanities (Hebrew).
- (with H. Saadon), North African and Oriental Jewries in the XXth Century. Miqqedem Umiyyam VII (2000), Haifa: Faculty of Humanities (Hebrew).
- (ed.), Traditional Jewish Wedding in Morocco: Interpretive and Ethnographic Studies. Miqqedem Umiyyam VIII (2003), Haifa: Faculty of Humanities (Hebrew).
- Jewish Metropolises: The Communities of Fes and Meknes, Miqqedem Umiyyam IX (2006), Haifa: Faculty of Humanities (Hebrew).
- Joseph Chetrit, Jane S. Gerber, eds. Jews and Muslims in Morocco. Their Intersecting Worlds. Lanham-NewYork: Lexington Books, 2021 (forthcoming).
External links
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "יוסף שיטרית". הספרנים (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2021-05-21.
- ^ "Joseph Chetrit | Institut Universitaire Elie Wiesel". www.instituteliewiesel.com. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
- ^ "Joseph Chetrit". Akadem: Le campus numerique juif.
- ^ "La Fondation Attijariwafa bank décrypte les spécificités de la culture juive marocaine" (in French). Retrieved 2021-05-21.
- ^ Chetrit's full List of Publications, 2016 (PDF).
- ^ Idrissi, Khaoula (2021-01-02). "Attijariwafa Bank Foundation Deciphers the Specificities of the Judeo-Moroccan Culture". Maroc Local et Nouvelles du Monde | Nouvelles juives du Maroc, dernières nouvelles | מרוקו ג׳וייש טיימס, חדשות מרוקו והעולם | Morocco News | أخبار المغرب. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
- ^ "יוסף שטרית על ר' דוד בוזגלו". העברים (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2021-05-21.
- ^ "Joseph Chetrit | Institut Universitaire Elie Wiesel". www.instituteliewiesel.com. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
- ^ "אודות ועדת ביטון - דו"ח המלצות הוועדה". edu.gov.il (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2021-05-21.
- ^ "Ivrim: Joseph Chetrit On Rabbi David Bouzaglo".
- ^ "מקדם ומים - רשימת הכרכים". josephchetrit.haifa.ac.il. Retrieved 2021-05-22.
- ^ "להקת צפון מערב - The team tzfon maarav". josephchetrit.haifa.ac.il. Retrieved 2021-05-30.
- ^ "חקרי מערב ומזרח : לשונות, ספרויות ופרקי תולדה מוגשים ליוסף שיטרית / בעריכת יוסף טובי ודניס קורזון | שטרית, יוסף | הספרייה הלאומית". www.nli.org.il (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2021-05-21.
- ^ "הפקולטה למדעי הרוח I אוניברסיטת חיפה - ברכות לפרופ' יוסף שיטרית - 02.08.2020". hcc.haifa.ac.il. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
- ^ "פרס תור הזהב 2016".
- ^ "Le Prix Haïm Zafrani". www.instituteliewiesel.com (in French). Retrieved 2021-05-21.
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