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Coordinates: 57°48′42″N 4°03′24″W / 57.81178°N 4.05670°W / 57.81178; -4.05670
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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox UK place
{{Infobox UK place
|country = Scotland
| country = Scotland
|official_name= Tain
| official_name = Tain
|gaelic_name= Baile Dhubhthaich
| gaelic_name = Baile Dhubhthaich
| population = {{Scottish locality populations|name|POP=Tain}}
| population = {{Scottish locality populations|name|POP=Tain}}
| population_ref = ({{United Kingdom statistics year|ScotSettlement}})<ref>{{Scotland settlement population citation}}</ref>
| population_ref = ({{United Kingdom statistics year|ScotSettlement}})<ref>{{Scotland settlement population citation}}</ref>
|area_total_km2 = 2.12
| area_total_km2 = 2.12
|static_image_name = Tain 01.jpg
| static_image_name = Tain 01.jpg
|map_type=Scotland
| map_type = Scotland
|os_grid_reference= NH779821
| os_grid_reference = NH779821
|coordinates = {{coord|57.81178|-4.05670|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|57.81178|-4.05670|display=inline,title}}
|edinburgh_distance_mi = 133
| edinburgh_distance_mi = 133
|london_distance_mi = 463
| london_distance_mi = 463
|unitary_scotland= [[Highland (council area)|Highland]]
| unitary_scotland = [[Highland (council area)|Highland]]
|lieutenancy_scotland= [[Ross and Cromarty]]
| lieutenancy_scotland = [[Ross and Cromarty]]
|constituency_westminster= [[Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross (UK Parliament constituency)|Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross]]
| constituency_westminster = [[Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross (UK Parliament constituency)|Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross]]
|constituency_scottish_parliament= [[Caithness, Sutherland and Ross (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Caithness, Sutherland and Ross]]
| constituency_scottish_parliament = [[Caithness, Sutherland and Ross (Scottish Parliament constituency)|Caithness, Sutherland and Ross]]
|post_town= TAIN
| post_town = TAIN
|postcode_district = IV19
| postcode_district = IV19
|postcode_area= IV
| postcode_area = IV
|dial_code= 01862
| dial_code = 01862
}}
}}
'''Tain''' ([[Scottish Gaelic language|Gaelic:]] ''Baile Dhubhthaich'') is a [[royal burgh]] and parish in the [[County of Ross]], in the [[Scottish Highlands|Highlands]] of [[Scotland]].
'''Tain''' ({{langx|gd|Baile Dhubhthaich}} {{IPA-gd|palə ˈɣuhɪç|}}) is a [[royal burgh]] and parish in the [[County of Ross]], in the [[Scottish Highlands|Highlands]] of [[Scotland]].


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The name derives from the nearby [[River Tain]], the name of which comes from an Indo-European root meaning 'flow'.<ref>{{cite book|last=Taylor|first=Iain|title=Place-names of Scotland|publisher=Birlinn Ltd|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-1-78027-005-0|page=149}}</ref> The Gaelic name, ''Baile Dubhthaich'', means 'Duthac's town', after a local saint also known as [[Saint Duthac|Duthus]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/language/gaelic/pdfs/placenamesP-Z.pdf| title=Placenames| author=Iain Mac an Tailleir| publisher=Pàrlamaid na h-Alba| format=PDF| access-date=2007-07-23| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529185220/http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/language/gaelic/pdfs/placenamesP-Z.pdf| archive-date=2008-05-29}}</ref>
The name derives from the nearby River Tain, the name of which comes from an Indo-European root meaning 'flow'.<ref>{{cite book|last=Taylor|first=Iain|title=Place-names of Scotland|year=2011 |publisher=Birlinn Ltd|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-1-78027-005-0|page=149}}</ref> The Gaelic name, ''Baile Dubhthaich'', means 'Duthac's town', after a local saint also known as [[Saint Duthac|Duthus]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/language/gaelic/pdfs/placenamesP-Z.pdf| title=Placenames| author=Iain Mac an Tailleir| publisher=Pàrlamaid na h-Alba| access-date=2007-07-23| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529185220/http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/language/gaelic/pdfs/placenamesP-Z.pdf| archive-date=2008-05-29}}</ref>


==Facilities==
==History==
⚫
Tain was granted its first [[royal charter]] in 1066, making it Scotland's oldest [[royal burgh]],<ref name=hh>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tain.org.uk/history-and-heritage-g.asp|title=Tain Community Website – History & Heritage|website=www.tain.org.uk|access-date=8 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160219051428/http://www.tain.org.uk/history-and-heritage-g.asp |archive-date=19 February 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> commemorated in 1966 with the opening of the Rose Garden by [[Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon|Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother]]. The 1066 charter, granted by King [[Malcolm III of Scotland|Malcolm III]], confirmed Tain as a [[sanctuary]], where people could claim the protection of the church, and an immunity, in which resident merchants and traders were exempt from certain taxes.<ref name=hh/>
⚫
[[File:Hotel Royal in Tain - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The Royal Hotel]]
⚫
[[Tain railway station]] is on the [[Far North Line]]. The station is unmanned; in its heyday it had 30 staff. The station was opened by the [[Highland Railway]] on 1 January 1864. From 1 January 1923, the station was owned by the [[London Midland and Scottish Railway]]. Then in 1948 the British railways were nationalised as [[British Railways]].
When the railways were privatised, the station became part of [[ScotRail (National Express)|ScotRail]].


⚫
Little is known of earlier history although the town owed much of its importance to Duthac. He was an early Christian figure, perhaps 8th or 9th century, whose shrine had become so important by 1066 that it resulted in the royal charter. The ruined chapel near the mouth of the river was said to have been built on the site of his birth. Duthac became an official saint in 1419 and by the late Middle Ages his shrine was an important place of pilgrimage in Scotland. King [[James IV of Scotland|James IV]] came at least once a year throughout his reign to achieve both spiritual and political aims.<ref name=hh/>
Notable buildings in the town include Tain Tolbooth and St Duthus Collegiate [[Church (building)|Church]]. The town also has a local history museum, [[Tain Through Time]], and the [[Glenmorangie|Glenmorangie distillery]].


⚫
A leading landowning family of the area, the [[Clan Munro]], provided political and religious figures to the town, including the dissenter the Rev. [[John Munro of Tain]] (died ca. 1630).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NkJc615csE8C&pg=PR51|title=The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland: 1604-1607|year=1885|publisher=The Privy Council of Scotland|access-date=14 August 2022}}</ref>
⚫
Tain has two primary schools; Craighill (274 pupils as of April 2011) and Knockbreck (just under 120 pupils as of April 2011). There is also a secondary school, [[Tain Royal Academy]], with 590 pupils as of January 2017.


⚫
The early Duthac Chapel was the centre of a sanctuary. Fugitives were by tradition given sanctuary in several square miles marked by boundary stones. During the [[First War of Scottish Independence]], [[Robert the Bruce]] sent his wife and daughter to the sanctuary for safety. The sanctuary was violated and they were captured by forces loyal to [[William II, Earl of Ross]] who handed them over to [[Edward I of England]].<ref>Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland, by G.W.S. Barrow, published Edinburgh, 1965</ref>
==History==
⚫
Tain was granted its first [[royal charter]] in 1066, making it Scotland's oldest [[royal burgh]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tain.org.uk/history-and-heritage-g.asp|title=Tain Community Website – History & Heritage|website=www.tain.org.uk|access-date=2016-06-08}}</ref> commemorated in 1966 with the opening of the Rose Garden by [[Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon|Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother]]. The 1066 charter, granted by King [[Malcolm III of Scotland|Malcolm III]], confirmed Tain as a [[sanctuary]], where people could claim the protection of the church, and an immunity, in which resident merchants and traders were exempt from certain taxes. These led to the development of the town.


==Facilities==
⚫
Little is known of earlier history although the town owed much of its importance to Duthac. He was an early Christian figure, perhaps 8th or 9th century, whose shrine had become so important by 1066 that it resulted in the royal charter. The ruined chapel near the mouth of the river was said to have been built on the site of his birth. Duthac became an official saint in 1419 and by the late Middle Ages his shrine was an important place of pilgrimage in Scotland. King [[James IV of Scotland|James IV]] came at least once a year throughout his reign to achieve both spiritual and political aims.
⚫
[[File:Hotel Royal in Tain - panoramio.jpg|thumb|The Royal Hotel]]
[[File:Tain Tollbooth clock tower (geograph 2526490).jpg|thumb|[[Tain Tolbooth]]]]
⚫
[[Tain railway station]] is on the [[Far North Line]]. The station is unmanned; in its heyday it had 30 staff. The station was opened by the [[Highland Railway]] on 1 January 1864. From 1 January 1923, the station was owned by the [[London Midland and Scottish Railway]]. Then in 1948 the British railways were nationalised as [[British Railways]]. After the railways were privatised, the station was served by [[ScotRail (National Express)|ScotRail]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.scotrail.co.uk/plan-your-journey/stations-and-facilities/tai |title=Tain Station|publisher=ScotRail|access-date=14 August 2022}}</ref>


Notable buildings in the town include [[Tain Tolbooth]] and St Duthus Collegiate [[Church (building)|Church]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.rossandcromartyheritage.org/home/easter-ross-communities/tain/tain-places/churches/st-duthus-collegiate-church/ |title=St Duthus Collegiate Church|publisher=Ross and Cromarty Heritage| access-date=14 August 2022}}</ref> The town also has a local history museum, [[Tain Through Time]], and the [[Glenmorangie distillery]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Moore |first=Charlotte |date=22 October 2004 |title=Family sells Glenmorangie to cognac maker |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2004/oct/21/10 |access-date=23 March 2014}}</ref>
⚫
A leading landowning family of the area, the [[Clan Munro]], provided political and religious figures to the town, including the dissenter [[Rev John Munro of Tain]] (died ca. 1630).


⚫
Tain has two primary schools; Craighill (274 pupils as of April 2011) and Knockbreck (just under 120 pupils as of April 2011). There is also a secondary school, [[Tain Royal Academy]], with 590 pupils as of January 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://education.gov.scot/parentzone/find-a-school/highland/5119839 |title=Tain Royal Academy |publisher=Education Scotland |website=education.gov.scot|accessdate=12 January 2017}}</ref>
⚫
The early Duthac Chapel was the centre of a sanctuary. Fugitives were by tradition given sanctuary in several square miles marked by boundary stones. During the [[First War of Scottish Independence]], [[Robert the Bruce]] sent his wife and daughter to the sanctuary for safety. The sanctuary was violated and they were captured by forces loyal to [[William II, Earl of Ross]] who handed them over to [[Edward I of England]]<ref>Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland, by G.W.S. Barrow, published Edinburgh, 1965</ref> The women were taken to England and kept prisoner for several years.


==RAF Tain==
==RAF Tain==
{{Main|RAF Tain}}
{{Main|RAF Tain}}
With conflict looming in the 1930s, an aerodrome large enough for bombers was built next to the town on low alluvial land known as the Fendom bordering the [[Dornoch Firth]]. It was home to British, Czech ([[No. 311 Squadron RAF|311 Sqn]]) and Polish airmen during the [[Second World War]]. It was abandoned as a flying location after the war and converted to a bombing range for the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy. When British naval aviation moved from large fleet aircraft carriers, the role was taken over by the RAF. In 1939 RAF Station Lossiemouth opened and was used until 1946 when the airfield was transferred to the Admiralty and becoming Royal Naval Air Station (RNAS) [[Lossiemouth]] then returning to the RAF in 1972 as a RAF airfield and the Tain range reverted to the RAF. Large parts of the original aerodrome were returned to civilian use after the Second World War and some are still accessible.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wardetectives.info/projects/wardetectives/highlandmemoirs/files/html/caul0019.htm| title=Royal Air Force Tain| author=War Detectives.| access-date=2008-04-01}}</ref>
With conflict looming in the 1930s, an aerodrome large enough for bombers was built next to the town on low alluvial land known as the Fendom bordering the [[Dornoch Firth]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rossandcromartyheritage.org/home/easter-ross-communities/tain/tain-environment/the-topography-of-tain/the-fendom/|title=The Fendom|website=Ross and Cromarty Heritage|access-date=29 October 2022}}</ref> It was home to British, Czech ([[No. 311 Squadron RAF|311 Sqn]]) and Polish airmen during the [[Second World War]].
It was abandoned as a flying location after the war and converted to a bombing range for the Fleet Air Arm. In 1939 RAF Lossiemouth opened and was used until 1946 when the airfield was transferred to the Admiralty and becoming Royal Naval Air Station (RNAS) [[Lossiemouth]] then returning to the RAF in 1972 as an RAF airfield and the Tain range reverted to the RAF. Large parts of the original aerodrome were returned to civilian use after the Second World War and some are still accessible.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wardetectives.info/projects/wardetectives/highlandmemoirs/files/html/caul0019.htm| title=Royal Air Force Tain| author=War Detectives| access-date=1 April 2008}}</ref>


==Sport & recreation==
==Sport & recreation==
[[File:St Duthac Centre, Stafford Street, Tain - geograph.org.uk - 277802.jpg|thumb|The St Duthac Centre, Stafford Street]]
[[File:St Duthac Centre, Stafford Street, Tain - geograph.org.uk - 277802.jpg|thumb|The St Duthac Centre, Stafford Street]]
Tain Golf Club offers a Championship length links golf course. Overlooking the [[Dornoch Firth]], the course was first designed by [[Old Tom Morris]] in 1890.<ref>[http://www.tain-golfclub.co.uk/ "Home Page"]. Tain Golf Club. Retrieved 11 Apr 2011.</ref> [[File:St Duthus v Brora 2017.jpg|thumb|340x340px|'''St Duthus v Brora Rangers April 2017''']]Tain is represented in the [[Scottish Football Association]] affiliated [[North Caledonian Football League]] by senior football club [[St Duthus F.C.|St Duthus Football Club]] during the regular football season. Tain is also represented by recreational football club [[Tain Thistle F.C.|Tain Thistle Football Club]] in the [[Ross-shire Welfare Football Association|Ross-shire Welfare League]] during the summer. Home matches are played at the Links Playing [https://www.google.co.uk/maps/place/The+Links/@57.815854,-4.0568443,18z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0000000000000000:0x74ef6203dc41b4a4!8m2!3d57.816098!4d-4.0551567 Fields].
Tain Golf Club offers a Championship length links golf course. Overlooking the [[Dornoch Firth]], the course was first designed by [[Old Tom Morris]] in 1890.<ref>[http://www.tain-golfclub.co.uk/ "Home Page"]. Tain Golf Club. Retrieved 11 Apr 2011.</ref> [[File:St Duthus v Brora 2017.jpg|thumb|340x340px|'''St Duthus v Brora Rangers April 2017''']]Tain is represented in the [[Scottish Football Association]] affiliated [[North Caledonian Football League]] by senior football club [[St Duthus F.C.|St Duthus Football Club]] during the regular football season.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stduthusfc.co.uk/news_article.php?id=16|title=St Duthus accepted into the North Caledonian FA {{!}} St Duthus Football Club - Tain, Highland, Scotland|last=Club|first=St Duthus Football|website=www.stduthusfc.co.uk|access-date=2016-06-08}}</ref>

Sport facilities are available at the [[Tain Royal Academy]] Community Complex. These facilities include an indoor 20-metre swimming pool, fitness suite, indoor hall, gymnasium and an outdoor all weather surface for field activities.

Other sports clubs in Tain include St Duthus [[Bowling]] Club, Tain [[Tennis]] Club, Tain [[Rifle]] & [[Pistol]] Club, The Scottish [[Kempo]] Academy and Nicholson [[Jujutsu|Kempo Jujitsu]].


==Local geographical and visitor features==
==Local geographical and visitor features==
The Gizzen Briggs are sandbars at the entrance to the Dornoch Firth, and with the right wind, they can be heard at low tide. The so-called "million dollar view" to the north-west of Tain, accessible via the [[A836]] westward towards [[Bonar Bridge]] and then the [[B9176 road|B9176 Struie Road]], gives a panoramic view of Dornoch Firth and Sutherland.
The Gizzen Briggs are sandbars at the entrance to the Dornoch Firth, and with the right wind, they can be heard at low tide. The so-called "million dollar view" to the north-west of Tain, accessible via the [[A836]] westward towards [[Bonar Bridge]] and then the [[B9176 road|B9176 Struie Road]], gives a panoramic view of Dornoch Firth and Sutherland.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://easterrosspeninsula.com/listings/million-dollar-view-struie/|title=Million Dollar View (Struie)|publisher=Easter Ross Peninsula|access-date=14 August 2022}}</ref>


Five important castles are in the vicinity – [[Carbisdale Castle]], built for the Dowager Duchess of Sutherland and now a youth hostel; [[Skibo Castle]], once home of the industrialist [[Andrew Carnegie]] and now a hotel; [[Dunrobin Castle]], ancestral seat of the [[Duke of Sutherland]] (castle and gardens open to the public); [[Balnagown Castle]], ancestral seat of the [[Clan Ross]], restored and owned by [[Mohammed Al Fayed]]; and Ballone Castle, restored by the owners of a local crafts business.
Five important castles are in the vicinity – [[Carbisdale Castle]], built for the Dowager Duchess of Sutherland and now a youth hostel; [[Skibo Castle]], once home of the industrialist [[Andrew Carnegie]] and now a hotel; [[Dunrobin Castle]], ancestral seat of the [[Duke of Sutherland]] (castle and gardens open to the public); [[Balnagown Castle]], ancestral seat of the [[Clan Ross]], restored and owned by [[Mohammed Al Fayed]]; and [[Ballone Castle]], restored by the owners of a local crafts business.<ref>{{canmore|num=15632|desc= Ballone Castle|access-date=14 August 2022}}</ref>


Highland Fine Cheeses, run by Ruaridh Stone (the brother of Liberal Democrat MP [[Jamie Stone (politician)|Jamie Stone]]), have a factory at Blarliath Farm, Tain.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Story|url=https://www.hf-cheeses.com/our-story/|access-date=2020-11-18|website=Highland Fine Cheeses|language=en-GB|archive-date=31 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731092702/https://www.hf-cheeses.com/our-story/|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Glenmorangie distillery]] and visitor centre is located just off the A9 on the outskirts of Tain.


Just outside [[Hill of Fearn]] near Tain lies the site of the medieval [[Fearn Abbey]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=MacGibbon|first1=David|last2=Ross|first2=Thomas|title=The Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland|date=1896|location=Edinburgh|page=2:543–44|url=https://archive.org/stream/ecclesiasticalar02macguoft#page/n5/mode/2up|accessdate=29 June 2017}}</ref>
Highland Fine Cheeses, run by Ruaridh Stone (the brother of Liberal Democrat MP [[Jamie Stone (Scottish politician)|Jamie Stone]]), have a factory at Blarliath Farm, Tain.

Tain has a library, community centre, two four-star hotels, several cafes, takeaway restaurants and a town hall.

Just outside [[Hill of Fearn]] near Tain lies the site of the medieval [[Fearn Abbey]]; the parish church of the same name dates from 1772.


==Parliamentary burgh==
==Parliamentary burgh==
Tain was a [[parliamentary burgh]], combined with [[Dingwall]], [[Dornoch]], [[Kirkwall]] and [[Wick (Caithness)|Wick]] in the Northern Burghs [[constituency]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]] of the [[Parliament of Great Britain]] from 1708 to 1801 and of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] from 1801 to 1918. [[Cromarty]] was added to the list in 1832.
Tain was a [[parliamentary burgh]], combined with [[Dingwall]], [[Dornoch]], [[Kirkwall]] and [[Wick (Caithness)|Wick]] in the Northern Burghs [[constituency]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]] of the [[Parliament of Great Britain]] from 1708 to 1801 and of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] from 1801 to 1918. The constituency was a [[district of burghs]] known also as [[Tain Burghs (UK Parliament constituency)|Tain Burghs]] until 1832, and then as [[Wick Burghs (UK Parliament constituency)|Wick Burghs]]. It was represented by one [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP). In 1918 the constituency was abolished, and Tain was merged into [[Ross and Cromarty (UK Parliament constituency)|Ross and Cromarty]].<ref>{{rayment-hc|r|2|date=March 2012}}</ref>

The constituency was a [[district of burghs]] known also as [[Tain Burghs (UK Parliament constituency)|Tain Burghs]] until 1832, and then as [[Wick Burghs (UK Parliament constituency)|Wick Burghs]]. It was represented by one [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP). In 1918 the constituency was abolished, and Tain was merged into [[Ross and Cromarty (UK Parliament constituency)|Ross and Cromarty]].


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
*[[Saint Duthac]] (1000–1065), 11th century saint
*[[Saint Duthac]] (1000–1065), 11th century saint
*Sir [[John Fraser (surgeon)|John Fraser]] (1885–1947), surgeon
*Sir [[John Fraser (surgeon)|John Fraser]] (1885–1947), surgeon
*[[Peter Fraser]] (1884–1950), 24th [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|prime minister of New Zealand]], was born in [[Hill of Fearn]] a village nearby Tain.
*[[Peter Fraser]] (1884–1950), 24th [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|prime minister of New Zealand]], was born in [[Hill of Fearn]], near Tain.
*George MacKenzie [[FRSE]] (1886–1957), president of the [[Institute of Banking]] 1941–5<ref>{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 – 2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0 902 198 84 X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf}}</ref>
*George MacKenzie (1886–1957), president of the Institute of Banking, 1941–45<ref>{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 – 2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0-902-198-84-X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf}}</ref>
*[[Rev John Munro of Tain]], 17th-century religious dissenter, was a minister here.
*[[Rev John Munro of Tain]], 17th-century religious dissenter, was a minister here.
*Rev [[David Robertson (minister)|David Robertson]] (1962–) the former [[Free Church of Scotland (since 1900)|Free Church of Scotland]] moderator and Christian commentator, grew up in [[Portmahomack]].
*[[David Robertson (minister)|David Robertson]] (born 1962), former [[Free Church of Scotland (since 1900)|Free Church of Scotland]] moderator and Christian commentator, grew up in [[Portmahomack]].
*[[Elizabeth Ness MacBean Ross]] (1878–1915), physician who was raised here and attended Tain Royal Academy.
*[[Elizabeth Ness MacBean Ross]] (1878–1915), physician who was raised here and attended Tain Royal Academy.
*[[John Ross (American patriot)|John Ross]] (1726–1800)
*[[John Ross (American patriot)|John Ross]] (1726–1800), merchant during the [[American Revolution]]
*Very Rev [[Walter Ross Taylor]] (1805–1896), served as [[Moderator of the General Assembly]] to the [[Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)|Free Church of Scotland]] in 1884.
*[[Walter Ross Taylor]] (1805–1896), served as [[Moderator of the General Assembly]] to the [[Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)|Free Church of Scotland]] in 1884.
*Professor [[Thomas Summers West]] <small>CBE,FRS,</small> (1927–2010), an internationally acclaimed analytical chemist, went to school at Tain Royal Academy.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.rse.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/obits_alpha/west_ts.pdf| title = Obituary, Thomas Summers West|publisher = Royal Society of Edinburgh|access-date = 2012-06-20}}</ref>
*Professor [[Thomas Summers West]] (1927–2010), an internationally acclaimed analytical chemist, went to school at Tain Royal Academy.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.rse.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/obits_alpha/west_ts.pdf| title = Obituary, Thomas Summers West|publisher = Royal Society of Edinburgh|access-date = 20 June 2012}}</ref>


==Climate==
==Climate==
Tain has an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfb'') with cool to mild temperatures year round.
Tain has an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfb'').


{{Weather box
{{Weather box
|location = Tain Range ({{convert|4|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=or}} asl, averages 1981–2010)
|location = Tain Range ({{convert|4|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=or}} asl, averages 1991–2020)
|metric first = Y
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan high C = 6.4
|Jan high C = 6.6
|Feb high C = 7.0
|Feb high C = 7.4
|Mar high C = 9.1
|Mar high C = 9.3
|Apr high C = 11.3
|Apr high C = 11.6
|May high C = 13.8
|May high C = 14.0
|Jun high C = 16.3
|Jun high C = 16.4
|Jul high C = 18.4
|Jul high C = 18.4
|Aug high C = 18.1
|Aug high C = 18.2
|Sep high C = 16.0
|Sep high C = 16.3
|Oct high C = 12.5
|Oct high C = 12.7
|Nov high C = 9.0
|Nov high C = 9.2
|Dec high C = 6.4
|Dec high C = 6.7
|year high C = 12.1
|year high C =
|Jan low C = 0.4
|Jan low C = 0.4
|Feb low C = 0.3
|Feb low C = 0.5
|Mar low C = 1.8
|Mar low C = 1.8
|Apr low C = 3.3
|Apr low C = 3.4
|May low C = 5.4
|May low C = 5.5
|Jun low C = 8.4
|Jun low C = 8.7
|Jul low C = 10.5
|Jul low C = 10.5
|Aug low C = 10.2
|Aug low C = 10.2
|Sep low C = 8.0
|Sep low C = 8.2
|Oct low C = 5.2
|Oct low C = 5.3
|Nov low C = 2.5
|Nov low C = 2.4
|Dec low C = 0.0
|Dec low C = 0.2
|year low C = 4.7
|year low C =
|Jan rain mm = 59.5
|Jan rain mm = 57.8
|Feb rain mm = 45.9
|Feb rain mm = 51.0
|Mar rain mm = 51.9
|Mar rain mm = 46.1
|Apr rain mm = 40.7
|Apr rain mm = 42.5
|May rain mm = 48.7
|May rain mm = 51.4
|Jun rain mm = 51.7
|Jun rain mm = 52.9
|Jul rain mm = 54.2
|Jul rain mm = 56.7
|Aug rain mm = 56.9
|Aug rain mm = 57.9
|Sep rain mm = 53.7
|Sep rain mm = 52.8
|Oct rain mm = 71.4
|Oct rain mm = 72.6
|Nov rain mm = 59.4
|Nov rain mm = 59.7
|Dec rain mm = 52.5
|Dec rain mm = 58.7
|year rain mm = 646.4
|year rain mm =
|unit rain days = 1 mm
|unit rain days = 1 mm
|Jan rain days = 13.0
|Jan rain days = 12.6
|Feb rain days = 11.0
|Feb rain days = 11.8
|Mar rain days = 12.9
|Mar rain days = 11.5
|Apr rain days = 9.5
|Apr rain days = 10.0
|May rain days = 11.1
|May rain days = 11.5
|Jun rain days = 10.8
|Jun rain days = 11.0
|Jul rain days = 10.9
|Jul rain days = 11.7
|Aug rain days = 11.3
|Aug rain days = 11.3
|Sep rain days = 10.3
|Sep rain days = 10.4
|Oct rain days = 14.3
|Oct rain days = 13.3
|Nov rain days = 12.3
|Nov rain days = 13.0
|Dec rain days = 13.6
|Dec rain days = 13.2
|year rain days = 140.8
|year rain days =
⚫
|source 1= [[Met Office]]<ref name= "Met Office">{{Cite web |url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gfm0vv8h1 |title= Tain Range (Highland) UK climate averages|publisher=Met Office|access-date=6 November 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231106111952/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gfm0vv8h1 |archive-date=6 November 2023}}</ref>
|Jan sun = 40
|Feb sun = 70
|Mar sun = 102
|Apr sun = 138
|May sun = 184
|Jun sun = 152
|Jul sun = 143
|Aug sun = 133
|Sep sun = 112
|Oct sun = 83
|Nov sun = 49
|Dec sun = 31
|year sun = 1237
⚫
|source 1= [[Met Office]]<ref name= "Met Office">{{Cite web |url= https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gfm0vv8h1|title= Tain Range (Highland) UK climate averages|publisher=Met Office|access-date=11 September 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200321115522/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gfm0vv8h1 |archive-date=21 March 2020}}</ref>
|source 2= Scottish Places<ref name= "Scottish Places">{{Cite web |url=http://www.scottish-places.info/towns/townclimate581.html |title= Climate information for Tain |publisher= Scottish Places |access-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200321115724/https://www.scottish-places.info/towns/townclimate581.html |archive-date=21 March 2020}}</ref>
}}
}}


Line 172: Line 150:
===Individuals===
===Individuals===
* [[Arthur Bignold|Sir Arthur Bignold]]: 1907.
* [[Arthur Bignold|Sir Arthur Bignold]]: 1907.
* [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]] James Alexander Francis Humberston Stewart Mackenzie of Seaforth: 1907 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tainmuseum.org.uk/imagelibrary/picture/number35.asp|title=Tain Museum Image Library – Freedom of the Burgh, Sir Arthur Bignold|website=www.tainmuseum.org.uk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rossandcromartyheritage.org/Community/Tain/History.aspx|title=Ross and Cromarty Heritage – History}}</ref>
* [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]] James Alexander Francis Humberston Stewart Mackenzie of Seaforth: 1907 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tainmuseum.org.uk/imagelibrary/picture/number35.asp|title=Tain Museum Image Library – Freedom of the Burgh, Sir Arthur Bignold|website=www.tainmuseum.org.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rossandcromartyheritage.org/Community/Tain/History.aspx|title=Ross and Cromarty Heritage – History}}</ref>
* [[John Fraser (surgeon)|Sir John Fraser]] {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|Bt|KCVO|MC|FRSE|FRCSEd}}: 1925. <ref name="Herald Death">{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9GdAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=kJQMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3387%2C4979587 |title=Sir John Fraser Dead |work=The Glasgow Herald |page=4 |date=2 December 1947 |access-date=1 April 2018}}</ref>
* [[John Fraser (surgeon)|Sir John Fraser]]: 1925.<ref name="Herald Death">{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9GdAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=kJQMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3387%2C4979587 |title=Sir John Fraser Dead |work=The Glasgow Herald |page=4 |date=2 December 1947 |access-date=1 April 2018}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 03:47, 9 November 2024

For other uses, see Tain (disambiguation).

Tain
Tain is located in Highland
Tain
Tain
Location within the Highland council area
Area2.12 km2 (0.82 sq mi)
Population3,570 (2022)[1]
• Density1,684/km2 (4,360/sq mi)
OS grid referenceNH779821
• Edinburgh133 mi (214 km)
• London463 mi (745 km)
Council area
Lieutenancy area
CountryScotland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townTAIN
Postcode districtIV19
Dialling code01862
PoliceScotland
FireScottish
AmbulanceScottish
UK Parliament
Scottish Parliament
List of places
UK
Scotland
57°48′42″N 4°03′24″W / 57.81178°N 4.05670°W / 57.81178; -4.05670

Tain (Scottish Gaelic: Baile Dhubhthaich [palə ˈɣuhɪç]) is a royal burgh and parish in the County of Ross, in the Highlands of Scotland.

Etymology

[edit]

The name derives from the nearby River Tain, the name of which comes from an Indo-European root meaning 'flow'.[2] The Gaelic name, Baile Dubhthaich, means 'Duthac's town', after a local saint also known as Duthus.[3]

History

[edit]

Tain was granted its first royal charter in 1066, making it Scotland's oldest royal burgh,[4] commemorated in 1966 with the opening of the Rose Garden by Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother. The 1066 charter, granted by King Malcolm III, confirmed Tain as a sanctuary, where people could claim the protection of the church, and an immunity, in which resident merchants and traders were exempt from certain taxes.[4]

Little is known of earlier history although the town owed much of its importance to Duthac. He was an early Christian figure, perhaps 8th or 9th century, whose shrine had become so important by 1066 that it resulted in the royal charter. The ruined chapel near the mouth of the river was said to have been built on the site of his birth. Duthac became an official saint in 1419 and by the late Middle Ages his shrine was an important place of pilgrimage in Scotland. King James IV came at least once a year throughout his reign to achieve both spiritual and political aims.[4]

A leading landowning family of the area, the Clan Munro, provided political and religious figures to the town, including the dissenter the Rev. John Munro of Tain (died ca. 1630).[5]

The early Duthac Chapel was the centre of a sanctuary. Fugitives were by tradition given sanctuary in several square miles marked by boundary stones. During the First War of Scottish Independence, Robert the Bruce sent his wife and daughter to the sanctuary for safety. The sanctuary was violated and they were captured by forces loyal to William II, Earl of Ross who handed them over to Edward I of England.[6]

Facilities

[edit]
The Royal Hotel
Tain Tolbooth

Tain railway station is on the Far North Line. The station is unmanned; in its heyday it had 30 staff. The station was opened by the Highland Railway on 1 January 1864. From 1 January 1923, the station was owned by the London Midland and Scottish Railway. Then in 1948 the British railways were nationalised as British Railways. After the railways were privatised, the station was served by ScotRail.[7]

Notable buildings in the town include Tain Tolbooth and St Duthus Collegiate Church.[8] The town also has a local history museum, Tain Through Time, and the Glenmorangie distillery.[9]

Tain has two primary schools; Craighill (274 pupils as of April 2011) and Knockbreck (just under 120 pupils as of April 2011). There is also a secondary school, Tain Royal Academy, with 590 pupils as of January 2017.[10]

RAF Tain

[edit]
Main article: RAF Tain

With conflict looming in the 1930s, an aerodrome large enough for bombers was built next to the town on low alluvial land known as the Fendom bordering the Dornoch Firth.[11] It was home to British, Czech (311 Sqn) and Polish airmen during the Second World War.

It was abandoned as a flying location after the war and converted to a bombing range for the Fleet Air Arm. In 1939 RAF Lossiemouth opened and was used until 1946 when the airfield was transferred to the Admiralty and becoming Royal Naval Air Station (RNAS) Lossiemouth then returning to the RAF in 1972 as an RAF airfield and the Tain range reverted to the RAF. Large parts of the original aerodrome were returned to civilian use after the Second World War and some are still accessible.[12]

Sport & recreation

[edit]
The St Duthac Centre, Stafford Street

Tain Golf Club offers a Championship length links golf course. Overlooking the Dornoch Firth, the course was first designed by Old Tom Morris in 1890.[13]

St Duthus v Brora Rangers April 2017

Tain is represented in the Scottish Football Association affiliated North Caledonian Football League by senior football club St Duthus Football Club during the regular football season.[14]

Local geographical and visitor features

[edit]

The Gizzen Briggs are sandbars at the entrance to the Dornoch Firth, and with the right wind, they can be heard at low tide. The so-called "million dollar view" to the north-west of Tain, accessible via the A836 westward towards Bonar Bridge and then the B9176 Struie Road, gives a panoramic view of Dornoch Firth and Sutherland.[15]

Five important castles are in the vicinity – Carbisdale Castle, built for the Dowager Duchess of Sutherland and now a youth hostel; Skibo Castle, once home of the industrialist Andrew Carnegie and now a hotel; Dunrobin Castle, ancestral seat of the Duke of Sutherland (castle and gardens open to the public); Balnagown Castle, ancestral seat of the Clan Ross, restored and owned by Mohammed Al Fayed; and Ballone Castle, restored by the owners of a local crafts business.[16]

Highland Fine Cheeses, run by Ruaridh Stone (the brother of Liberal Democrat MP Jamie Stone), have a factory at Blarliath Farm, Tain.[17]

Just outside Hill of Fearn near Tain lies the site of the medieval Fearn Abbey.[18]

Parliamentary burgh

[edit]

Tain was a parliamentary burgh, combined with Dingwall, Dornoch, Kirkwall and Wick in the Northern Burghs constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1708 to 1801 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1918. The constituency was a district of burghs known also as Tain Burghs until 1832, and then as Wick Burghs. It was represented by one Member of Parliament (MP). In 1918 the constituency was abolished, and Tain was merged into Ross and Cromarty.[19]

Notable people

[edit]

Climate

[edit]

Tain has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb).

Climate data for Tain Range (4 m or 13 ft asl, averages 1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.6
(43.9) 		7.4
(45.3) 		9.3
(48.7) 		11.6
(52.9) 		14.0
(57.2) 		16.4
(61.5) 		18.4
(65.1) 		18.2
(64.8) 		16.3
(61.3) 		12.7
(54.9) 		9.2
(48.6) 		6.7
(44.1) 		12.2
(54.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.4
(32.7) 		0.5
(32.9) 		1.8
(35.2) 		3.4
(38.1) 		5.5
(41.9) 		8.7
(47.7) 		10.5
(50.9) 		10.2
(50.4) 		8.2
(46.8) 		5.3
(41.5) 		2.4
(36.3) 		0.2
(32.4) 		4.8
(40.6)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 57.8
(2.28) 		51.0
(2.01) 		46.1
(1.81) 		42.5
(1.67) 		51.4
(2.02) 		52.9
(2.08) 		56.7
(2.23) 		57.9
(2.28) 		52.8
(2.08) 		72.6
(2.86) 		59.7
(2.35) 		58.7
(2.31) 		660.1
(25.98)
Average rainy days (≥ 1 mm) 12.6 11.8 11.5 10.0 11.5 11.0 11.7 11.3 10.4 13.3 13.0 13.2 141.3
Source: Met Office[22]

Freedom of the Royal Burgh

[edit]

The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the Royal Burgh of Tain.

Individuals

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Mid-2020 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland". National Records of Scotland. 31 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  2. ^ Taylor, Iain (2011). Place-names of Scotland. Edinburgh: Birlinn Ltd. p. 149. ISBN 978-1-78027-005-0.
  3. ^ Iain Mac an Tailleir. "Placenames" (PDF). Pàrlamaid na h-Alba. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 May 2008. Retrieved 23 July 2007.
  4. ^ a b c "Tain Community Website – History & Heritage". www.tain.org.uk. Archived from the original on 19 February 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
  5. ^ "The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland: 1604-1607". The Privy Council of Scotland. 1885. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  6. ^ Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland, by G.W.S. Barrow, published Edinburgh, 1965
  7. ^ "Tain Station". ScotRail. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  8. ^ "St Duthus Collegiate Church". Ross and Cromarty Heritage. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  9. ^ Moore, Charlotte (22 October 2004). "Family sells Glenmorangie to cognac maker". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  10. ^ "Tain Royal Academy". education.gov.scot. Education Scotland. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  11. ^ "The Fendom". Ross and Cromarty Heritage. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  12. ^ War Detectives. "Royal Air Force Tain". Retrieved 1 April 2008.
  13. ^ "Home Page". Tain Golf Club. Retrieved 11 Apr 2011.
  14. ^ Club, St Duthus Football. "St Duthus accepted into the North Caledonian FA | St Duthus Football Club - Tain, Highland, Scotland". www.stduthusfc.co.uk. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
  15. ^ "Million Dollar View (Struie)". Easter Ross Peninsula. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  16. ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "Ballone Castle (15632)". Canmore. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  17. ^ "Our Story". Highland Fine Cheeses. Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  18. ^ MacGibbon, David; Ross, Thomas (1896). The Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland. Edinburgh. p. 2:543–44. Retrieved 29 June 2017.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  19. ^ Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "R" (part 2)
  20. ^ Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 – 2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0-902-198-84-X.
  21. ^ "Obituary, Thomas Summers West" (PDF). Royal Society of Edinburgh. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
  22. ^ "Tain Range (Highland) UK climate averages". Met Office. Archived from the original on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  23. ^ "Tain Museum Image Library – Freedom of the Burgh, Sir Arthur Bignold". www.tainmuseum.org.uk.
  24. ^ "Ross and Cromarty Heritage – History".
  25. ^ "Sir John Fraser Dead". The Glasgow Herald. 2 December 1947. p. 4. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
[edit]
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