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{{short description|Cable car disaster on 23 May 2021 in Piedmont, Italy}}
{{Short description|2021 cable car disaster in Piedmont, Italy}}
{{Use American English|date=May 2021}}
{{Use American English|date=May 2021}}
{{Current disaster|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox event
{{Infobox event
|Event_Name = Stresa-Mottarone cable car disaster
|title = Stresa–Mottarone cable car crash
|date = 23 May 2021
|date = {{start date|2021|05|23|df=y}}
|time = 12:22 [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
⚫
|Deaths = 14
|timezone = [[UTC+02]]
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|deaths = 14
|injuries = 1
|injuries = 1
|cause = Illegal deactivation of emergency brakes.
|image = File:Stresa-Alpino-Mottarone Svævebane.JPG
|image = File:Lago-Maggiore 1391.JPG
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|map = {{Infobox mapframe|marker=building|zoom=10|coord={{Coord|45|53|0|N|8|27|43|E}}}}
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|caption = A Stresa–Mottarone cable car in 2009
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|Location = [[Mottarone]], [[Piedmont]], [[Italy]]
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|map = {{Infobox mapframe|marker=aerialway|marker-color=#000|zoom=10|coord={{Coord|45.8835|8.4658}}}}
|coordinates = {{Coord|45.8834|8.4621}}
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|location = [[Mottarone]], [[Piedmont]], [[Italy]]
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|caption=The Stresa-Mottarone cable car in 2014}}
|coordinates = {{Coord|45.8835|8.4658|type:event_region:IT|display=inline,title}}}}


On 23 May 2021, during a scheduled trip, the Stresa-Alpino-Mottarone [[Aerial tramway|cable car]] crashed to the ground after the traction or haulage cable snapped about {{convert|100|m|-2|sp=us}} from the summit of the mountain [[Mottarone]], which is near [[Lake Maggiore]] in [[northern Italy]]. Fourteen people were killed as a result,<ref>{{cite web |title=Incidente alla funivia Stresa-Mottarone, caduta una cabina: sono salite a 13 le vittime |url=https://www.lastampa.it/verbano-cusio-ossola/2021/05/23/news/incidente-alla-funivia-stresa-mottarone-turisti-nelle-cabine-1.40305793 |website=La Stampa |access-date=23 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-24|title=Cable Car Accident in Italy Kills 14 People {{!}} May 24, 2021|url=https://dailynewsbrief.com/2021/05/24/cable-car-accident-in-italy-kills-14-people/|access-date=2021-05-24|website=The Daily NewsBrieTo die: to sleep; no more; and makes calamity of something after death what dreams may come when we have shuffled off this regard the undiscover'd country from whose bourn no traveller returns, puzzles the dreams may come when he himself might his quietus make cowards of the spurns that flesh is heir currents turn awry, and lose the spurns that is the pale cast of time, the pale cast of the slings and lose the native hue of office, and the heart-ache and arrows of death what dream: ay, the oppressor'sf|language=en-US}}</ref> and one child was seriously injured.<ref>{{cite news |title=Italy cable car fall: At least 13 dead after accident near Lake Maggiore |date=2021-05-23 |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-57219737 |access-date=2021-05-23}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2021-05-23|title=Italian cable car crash kills at least 13, injures three|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/least-eight-dead-italian-cable-car-accident-ansa-2021-05-23/|access-date=2021-05-23|website=Reuters}}</ref> The cable car was traveling on a line connecting the town of [[Stresa]] with the summit of Mottarone when it plunged into a wooded area, according to the National Alpine Speleological Rescue Corps, which is leading the rescue operation.<ref>{{Cite web|last=CNN|first=Barbie Latza Nadeau and Nicola Ruotolo|title=At least 12 killed as Italian cable car plunges into woodland|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/05/23/europe/italy-cable-car-accident-intl/index.html|access-date=2021-05-23|website=CNN}}</ref> The incident was Italy's deadliest cable car disaster since the [[Cavalese cable car disaster (1998)|1998 Cavalese cable car disaster]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Winfield|first=Nicole|date=2021-05-23|title=Italian cable car plunges to the ground, killing at least 13|url=https://apnews.com/article/italy-cable-car-84672bf7fcd99f103587cc3862b49dcc|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-23|website=[[Associated Press]]|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
On 23 May 2021, an [[aerial tram]] on the [[Stresa–Alpino–Mottarone Cable Car]] crashed to the ground after a traction or haulage cable snapped about {{convert|5|m|ft|spell=in}} from the summit of [[Mottarone]], a mountain near [[Lake Maggiore]] in [[northern Italy]]. Normally, a hydraulic safety brake would have stopped the runaway car immediately but the cable car was operating illegally with the brake disabled. The crash killed fourteen passengers in the cable car,<ref>{{cite web |title=Incidente alla funivia Stresa-Mottarone, caduta una cabina: sono salite a 13 le vittime |url=https://www.lastampa.it/verbano-cusio-ossola/2021/05/23/news/incidente-alla-funivia-stresa-mottarone-turisti-nelle-cabine-1.40305793 |website=La Stampa |date=23 May 2021 |access-date=23 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-24|title=Cable Car Accident in Italy Kills 14 People {{!}} May 24, 2021|url=https://dailynewsbrief.com/2021/05/24/cable-car-accident-in-italy-kills-14-people/|access-date=2021-05-24|website=The Daily NewsBrief|language=en-US}}</ref> and seriously injured one child.<ref name="bbc">{{cite news |title=Italy cable car fall: At least 13 dead after accident near Lake Maggiore |date=2021-05-23 |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-57219737 |access-date=2021-05-23}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2021-05-23|title=Italian cable car crash kills at least 13, injures three|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/least-eight-dead-italian-cable-car-accident-ansa-2021-05-23/|access-date=2021-05-23|website=Reuters}}</ref>
== Background ==
⚫
The [[Stresa–Alpino–Mottarone Cable Car]] is an [[aerial tramway]], a form of cable line in which cabins are suspended from a fixed cable and hauled by a separate traction cable to which they are permanently attached, with cabins shuttling backwards and forwards instead of running in a continuous loop. The Stresa–Mottarone line had two separate sections, each with two cabins, and passengers change cabin at the mid-point station of Alpino, between the Stresa and Mottarone stations.<ref name="sbt">{{cite web |url=https://www.seilbahntechnik.net/en/lifts/5596/datas.htm |title=47-AT Alpino - Mottarone |website=seilbahntechnik.net |access-date=24 May 2021}}</ref><ref name="ski">{{Cite web|title=Alpino-Mottarone (2. Sektion)|url=https://www.skiresort.info/ski-resort/mottarone/ski-lifts/l99174/|access-date=2021-05-24|website=www.skiresort.info}}</ref>


Construction work for the cable car began in 1967, carried out by the firm Poscio, under the guidance of architect Mario Cracchi from nearby [[Baveno]]. Cable-car-specific construction was carried out by Piemonte Funivie from [[Turin]]. The original cables were produced by Westfälische Drahtindustrie GmbH in [[Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia|Hamm]], Germany. The last upgrade of the Stresa-Mottarone aerial tramway cars took place in 2002, undertaken by [[Poma|Poma Italia]]. The cables were replaced from 2014 until 2016 by [[Leitner Ropeways]]. With Leitner, Poma had been part of the [[HTI Group]] since 2000.
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== Incident ==
⚫
The Stresa-Mottarone cable car is an [[aerial tramway]], a form of cable line where cabins are suspended from a fixed cable and hauled by a separate traction cable to which they are permanently attached, with cabins shuttling backwards and forwards rather than running in a continuous loop. In the case of the Stresa-Mottarone line, there are two separate sections, each with two cabins, and passengers change cabin at the mid-point between the two sections.<ref name=sbt>{{cite web |url=https://www.seilbahntechnik.net/en/lifts/5596/datas.htm |title=47-AT Alpino - Mottarone |website=seilbahntechnik.net |accessdate=24 May 2021}}</ref><ref name=ski>{{Cite web|title=Alpino-Mottarone (2. Sektion)|url=https://www.skiresort.info/ski-resort/mottarone/ski-lifts/l99174/|access-date=2021-05-24|website=www.skiresort.info}}</ref>


In a press release, Leitner, which had carried out maintenance on the cable car in the years prior to the incident, published details of maintenance work and safety checks performed on the cable car, stating that they had been carried out according to the current safety regulations and the maintenance contract. The company stated that all cables, including the carrier cables, were checked with [[Electromagnetic induction|magnetic induction]] in November 2020, and the automatic brake was tested with both cabins in December 2020; the test involved a simulated rupture of the haulage cable. From 29 March to 1 April 2021, Leitner employees checked all mechanical safety components, and the hydraulic brakes of the vehicles were checked and maintained on 3 May. The company also stated that daily and weekly checks and maintenance were carried out by the transport company itself, in adherence to the issued user's manual.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.leitner-ropeways.com/fileadmin//userdaten/06-presse/Texte/2021/Press_release_LEITNER_Stresa_Mottarone_-_24052021_EN.pdf|title=Gondola Life Stresa-Mottarone: A List of All Checks and Maintenance Works Performed by Leitner in Recent Months|date=2021-05-24|publisher=Leitner|pages=1|language=en}}</ref>
The disaster occurred as a cabin was ascending on the line's upper section from the Alpino middle station toward the summit of Mottarone. When the haulage cable snapped, the cabin careened until it hit a pylon and then fell about {{convert|20|m|-1|sp=us}} before tumbling down the steep slopes of the mountain. Eventually, the cabin was stopped after it impacted trees. Hikers reported hearing a loud hiss shortly before the crash, which is believed to have been caused by at least one of the cable lines snapping. Some of those who died were thrown from the cabin as it tumbled.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> TV imagery shows the snapped, thinner traction cable hanging from the pylon. It remains unclear why the automatic braking system did not stop the cabin's descent.


The cable car had not been operating for a period of time until 26 April 2021 as a result of restrictions due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. The cable car was designed for a carrying capacity of 47 people,<ref name="ski" /> but the cabin capacity had been reduced as a COVID-19 precaution. 15 people were on board when the accident happened.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-24|date=2021-05-24|language=it|title=Cosa si sa dell'incidente della funivia del Mottarone|url=https://www.ilpost.it/2021/05/24/incidente-funivia-mottarone-stresa-morti/|website=ilpost.it}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
Media reported that the cable car had not been operated for some time until Saturday, 22<sup>nd</sup> of May, due to [[COVID-19 pandemic in Italy|COVID-19]] measures.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.srf.ch/news/international/14-menschen-gestorben-seilbahn-unglueck-in-norditalien-was-bekannt-ist-und-was-nicht|title=Seilbahn-Unglück in Norditalien: Was bekannt ist – und was nicht|date=2021-05-24|website=Swiss Radio and Television SRF|language=de}}</ref> The president of the association of Swiss cable cars, Berno Stoffel, explained to [[SRF 1|SwiTo die: to sleep; no more; and makes calamity of something after death what dreams may come when we have shuffled off this regard the undiscover'd country from whose bourn no traveller returns, puzzles the dreams may come when he himself might his quietus make cowards of the spurns that flesh is heir currents turn awry, and lose the spurns that is the pale cast of time, the pale cast of the slings and lose the native hue of office, and the heart-ache and arrows of death what dream: ay, the oppressor'sss Television]] that cable car safety regulations in both Switzerland and Italy were identical,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.srf.ch/news/international/seilbahn-unglueck-bei-stresa-stoffel-in-der-schweiz-und-italien-gelten-die-gleichen-regeln|title=Stoffel: «In der Schweiz und Italien gelten die gleichen Regeln»|date=2021-05-23|language=de}}</ref> due to the prevalence of cable cars in Switzerland, and the expertise in both construction and maintenance.


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== Tragedy ==
The cable car, built in 1970, was initially designed for a carrying capacity of 47 people,<ref name=ski/> but the cabin capacity had been reduced due to Covid-19 measures.
The deadly crash occurred at 12:22{{nbsp}}p.m. local time, as a cabin was ascending on the line's upper section from the middle station at Alpino towards the summit of Mottarone. When the haulage cable snapped, in very close proximity to the summit station at low speed, the cabin careered downhill until it collided with a pylon, then fell about {{convert|54|m|-1|sp=us}} before tumbling down the steep slope of the mountain, stopping after impacting trees. Footage captured by a surveillance camera from the summit station depicted the cabin suddenly and violently being pulled backwards at the moment the cable snapped while approaching the platform.<ref name="footage">{{cite web|last=Giuffrida|first=Fabio|url=https://www.open.online/2021/06/16/strage-mottarone-immagini-telecamera-sorveglianza-video|title=Dalla telecamera di sorveglianza del Mottarone la tragedia della funivia – Il video|website=Open|language=it|date=2021-06-16|access-date=2021-06-17}}</ref> Hikers reported hearing a loud hiss shortly before the crash, believed to have been caused by at least one of the cable lines snapping. Some of those who died were thrown from the cabin as it tumbled.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Winfield|first=Nicole|date=2021-05-23|title=Italian cable car plunges to the ground, killing at least 13|url=https://apnews.com/article/italy-cable-car-84672bf7fcd99f103587cc3862b49dcc|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913005716/https://apnews.com/article/italy-cable-car-84672bf7fcd99f103587cc3862b49dcc|archive-date=2021-09-13|access-date=2021-05-23|website=[[Associated Press]]|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Television imagery later showed the snapped, thinner traction cable hanging from the pylon.


== Casualties ==
== Casualties ==
Thirteen people died at the scene of the accident,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Italy cable car fall: 14 dead after accident near Lake Maggiore|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-57219737|website=BBC}}</ref> while two children were seriously injured and airlifted to a [[pediatrics|pediatric]] hospital in [[Turin]]. Later, one of the children died of [[cardiac arrest]], bringing the death toll to 14.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-05-23|title=Italian cable car crash kills 14 people, child seriously hurt|language=en-GB|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/least-eight-dead-italian-cable-car-accident-ansa-2021-05-23/|access-date=2021-05-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-23|title=La gita, poi il volo nel vuoto: chi sono le 14 vittime al Mottarone|url=https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/cronache/gita-poi-volo-nel-vuoto-chi-sono-vittime-mottarone-1948956.html|access-date=2021-05-23|website=ilGiornale.it|language=it}}</ref> The victims were identified as eight Italian nationals, of whom three were from [[Vedano Olona]], two from [[Varese]], two from [[Bari]], and one from [[Cosenza]]; one [[Iran]]ian national man,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-23|title=Tragedia a Stresa: precipita una cabina della funivia: salgono a 14 i morti. Deceduto uno dei bambini feriti|url=https://www.lastampa.it/verbano-cusio-ossola/2021/05/23/news/incidente-alla-funivia-stresa-mottarone-turisti-nelle-cabine-1.40305793|access-date=2021-05-23|website=La Stampa|language=it}}</ref> and a family of five [[Israel|Israeli]] nationals across three generations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=אסון הרכבל באיטליה: חמישה ישראלים נהרגו, חלקם בני משTo die: to sleep; no more; and makes calamity of something after death what dreams may come when we have shuffled off this regard the undiscover'd country from whose bourn no traveller returns, puzzles the dreams may come when he himself might his quietus make cowards of the spurns that flesh is heir currents turn awry, and lose the spurns that is the pale cast of time, the pale cast of the slings and lose the native hue of office, and the heart-ache and arrows of death what dream: ay, the oppressor'sפחה אחת {{!}} ישראל היום|url=https://www.israelhayom.co.il/news/world-news/europe/article/1341229?utm_source=facebook1&utm_medium=facebook1&fbclid=IwAR13D1vTJHF3I_BZMD5FtKFkP6a8uESeYBne2HoNaWUhhC9YTbXvmVSs84s|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-24|website=[[Israel Hayom]]|language=Hebrew}}</ref><ref name="Ynet">{{Cite web|date=2021-05-23|title=איטליה: 5 ישראלים בני משפחה אחת נהרגו בקריסת רכבל באלפים|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/S1B3sGut00|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-24|website=[[Ynet]]|language=he}}</ref>
Thirteen people died at the scene of the accident,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Italy cable car fall: 14 dead after accident near Lake Maggiore|work=BBC News|date=23 May 2021|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-57219737}}</ref> while two children were seriously injured and airlifted to a pediatric hospital in [[Turin]]. One of the children later died of [[cardiac arrest]], bringing the death toll to fourteen.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-05-23|title=Italian cable car crash kills 14 people, child seriously hurt|language=en-GB|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/least-eight-dead-italian-cable-car-accident-ansa-2021-05-23/|access-date=2021-05-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-23|title=La gita, poi il volo nel vuoto: chi sono le 14 vittime al Mottarone|url=https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/cronache/gita-poi-volo-nel-vuoto-chi-sono-vittime-mottarone-1948956.html|access-date=2021-05-23|website=ilGiornale.it|language=it}}</ref> The deceased victims were identified as eight Italian nationals (of whom three were from [[Vedano Olona]], two from [[Varese]], two from [[Bari]], and one from [[Cosenza]]), an [[Iran]]ian male national,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-23|title=Tragedia a Stresa: precipita una cabina della funivia: salgono a 14 i morti. Deceduto uno dei bambini feriti|url=https://www.lastampa.it/verbano-cusio-ossola/2021/05/23/news/incidente-alla-funivia-stresa-mottarone-turisti-nelle-cabine-1.40305793|access-date=2021-05-23|website=La Stampa|language=it}}</ref> and a three-generation family of five [[Israel]]i nationals.<ref>{{Cite web|title=אסון הרכבל באיטליה: חמישה ישראלים נהרגו, חלקם בני משפחה אחת|url=https://www.israelhayom.co.il/news/world-news/europe/article/1341229|access-date=2021-05-24|website=[[Israel Hayom]]|language=Hebrew}}</ref><ref name="Ynet">{{Cite news|date=2021-05-23|title=איטליה: 5 ישראלים בני משפחה אחת נהרגו בקריסת רכבל באלפים|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/S1B3sGut00|access-date=2021-05-24|website=[[Ynet]]|language=he|last1=אייכנר|first1=איתמר}}</ref> The only survivor was the Israeli family's five-year-old son.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/5-israelis-killed-in-italian-cable-car-crash-confirmed-as-members-of-one-family/ |title=5 Israelis killed in Italian cable car crash confirmed as members of one family |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2021-05-24 |access-date=2021-05-24 |work=[[The Times of Israel]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Chilai|first=Sivan|date=2021-05-26|title="זה סיוט, הטרגדיה של המשפחה": ארונות הרוגי אסון הרכבל נחתו בישראל|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/rJovwk2Yd|access-date=2021-05-26|website=ynet|language=he}}</ref>


The crash was Italy's deadliest cable car incident since the [[1998 Cavalese cable car crash]].<ref name=":1" />
The only survivor was the Israeli family's 5-year-old son.<ref>{{Cite web|last=staff|first=T. O. I.|title=5 Israelis killed in Italian cable car crash confirmed as members of one family|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/5-israelis-killed-in-italian-cable-car-crash-confirmed-as-members-of-one-family/|access-date=2021-05-24|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US}}</ref>


== Investigation ==
The incident was Italy's deadliest cable car disaster since the [[Cavalese cable car disaster (1998)|1998 Cavalese cable car disaster]].<ref name=":1" /> It also ranks as the fifth-deadliest cable car disaster in history, surpassed only by the [[Cavalese cable car disaster (1976)|1976 Cavalese cable car disaster]] which killed 43 people, and the [[1990 Tbilisi aerial tramway accident]], [[Cavalese cable car disaster (1998)|1998 Cavalese cable car disaster]], and [[Saint-Étienne-en-Dévoluy cable car disaster|1999 Saint-Étienne-en-Dévoluy cable car disaster]], each of which killed 20 people.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sen Nag|first1=Oishimaya|title=The Deadliest Cable Car Disasters In History|url=https://wwwTo die: to sleep; no more; and makes calamity of something after death what dreams may come when we have shuffled off this regard the undiscover'd country from whose bourn no traveller returns, puzzles the dreams may come when he himself might his quietus make cowards of the spurns that flesh is heir currents turn awry, and lose the spurns that is the pale cast of time, the pale cast of the slings and lose the native hue of office, and the heart-ache and arrows of death what dream: ay, the oppressor's.worldatlas.com/articles/the-deadliest-cable-car-disasters-in-history.html|access-date=24 May 2021|website=World Atlas}}</ref>
On 26 May 2021, three employees of the cable-car company were arrested. One of the three worked as a freelancer for the company but was an employee of Leitner Ropeways, the company in charge of regular maintenance work on the cable car.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Seilbahnunglück: Angestellter der Firma Leitner festgenommen |trans-title=Gondola crash: employee of Leitner company arrested |url=https://www.rainews.it/tgr/tagesschau/articoli/2021/05/tag-Leitner-Lago-Maggiore-Firma-Leitner-Ingenieur-e2fae486-0291-44e7-a35d-c75e57750990.html |access-date=2021-05-26 |website=rainews.it |language=de}}</ref> According to police, they had intentionally deactivated the automatic emergency brake, as a malfunction had repeatedly led to the halting of the cabins.<ref>{{cite news|title=Drei Verhaftungen in Stresa|url=https://www.tageszeitung.it/2021/05/26/drei-verhaftungen-in-stresa/|date=26 May 2021|access-date=26 May 2021}}</ref>


After the service resumed on 25 April, the cable car showed “anomalies”. The cable car had been travelling in that way for several days and had made several trips. Technical checks were performed, including a check on 3 May 2021 to “remedy inefficiencies”, but they had not been “decisive” in resolving issues, investigators said. Based on photos from the disaster site, experts have been able to determine that at least one of the gondola's brakes had been disabled with a steel clamp, which is usually employed during specific maintenance activities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/26/italian-cable-car-brakes-tampered-with-say-prosecutors |title=Italian cable car brakes 'tampered with', say prosecutors |access-date=2021-05-26|website=The Guardian|date=26 May 2021 }}</ref> If the emergency brakes had been functional, they would have held the cabin steady after the cable snapped. The move was made "in the belief that a cable breakage could never have happened".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.srf.ch/news/international/seilbahnunglueck-in-norditalien-gondelabsturz-notbremse-war-offenbar-bewusst-deaktiviert|title=Gondelabsturz: Notbremse war offenbar bewusst deaktiviert|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Swiss Radio and Television SRF|date=25 May 2021|language=de|trans-title=Gondola crash: Emergency brake was, apparently, intentionally disabled}}</ref> The operations manager admitted that the emergency brake had been manipulated. Due to continuing hydraulic oil leakage, which apparently was not repaired, repeated spurious activation of the emergency brake occurred and, to maintain the operation of the cable car, they deactivated the emergency brake.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tageszeitung.it/2021/05/28/vor-gott-verantworten/|title="Vor Gott verantworten"|date=2021-05-29|access-date=2021-05-29|website=Südtiroler Zeitung}}</ref>
== Reactions ==
Italian Prime Minister [[Mario Draghi]] issued the following statement following the disaster: "I learned with deep sorrow the news of the tragic accident of the Stresa-Mottarone cable car. I express the condolences of the whole government to the families of the victims, with a special thought for the seriously injured children and their families."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-23|title=13 dead after Italy cable car accident - follow live updates|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/italy-cable-car-lake-maggiore-updates-b1852391.html|access-date=2021-05-23|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref>


It is still not certain what the primary cause of the crash was, namely the tear of the suspension cable / haulage cable. The corresponding report from the experts is expected on 30 June 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-26 |title=Mottarone cable old and frayed, human errors says report - English |url=https://www.ansa.it/english/news/2022/05/26/mottarone-cable-old-and-frayed-human-errors-says-report_1235c946-f43d-4bd5-97e0-843a0951f94b.html |access-date=2023-03-22 |website=ANSA.it |language=en}}</ref>{{Needs update|date=September 2023}} According to one of the experts involved, the traction cable had rusted from the inside – because a routine maintenance measure that should have been carried out every three months was omitted for five years. In other words, maintenance negligence seems to have been involved also.
Marcella Severino, the mayor of Stresa, told national broadcaster [[RAI]]: "We are devastated, in pain."<ref name=":0" />

Whilst the technical safety investigation by the Ufficio per le Investigazioni Ferroviarie e Marittime (IFeMa) (Office of Rail and Maritime Investigations) is ongoing, the Direzione Generale (Director General) (DiGIFeMa) has published 3 safety recommendations in an interim report<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pubblicata la relazione intermedia di indagine (interim report) sull’incidente del 23 maggio 2021 |url=https://digifema.mit.gov.it/pubblicata-la-relazione-intermedia-di-indagine-interim-report-sullincidente-del-23-maggio-2021/ |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=Ufficio per le investigazioni ferroviarie e marittime |language=it-IT}}</ref> dated 23 May 2022.<ref>[https://digifema.mit.gov.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Raccomandazioni-Interim-Mottarone_ENG.pdf ACCIDENT DATED 23/05/2021 ON THE STRESA - ALPINO - MOTTARONE CABLE CAR. Safety recommendations (Interim report) of 23/05/2022.] {{Archive url|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523160800/https://digifema.mit.gov.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Raccomandazioni-Interim-Mottarone_ENG.pdf|date=2024-05-23}}</ref> These 3 recommendations require various safety checks and inspections to be reported to Safety Authorities and that they are properly and formally recorded.

Images provided by a Swiss cable car technician<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.srf.ch/news/international/seilbahn-absturz-in-italien-verunfallte-gondel-seit-jahren-manipuliert|title=Verunfallte Gondel seit Jahren manipuliert?|date=2021-06-01|website=Swiss Radio and Television SRF|language=de|trans-title=Mishap gondola manipulated for years?}}</ref> and shared by him on YouTube<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6vRfNaKwMk|title=Funivia Monte Mottarone, Freno di sicurezza soppresso, Fangbremse unterstellt! Seit 2014!!|website=[[YouTube]]|date=2021-06-01}}</ref> show that the Stresa–Mottarone cable car had previously been operated with passengers aboard, with emergency brakes disabled, in 2014 and 2018.

Several other cable car disasters have occurred in the past due to an intentional deactivation of emergency brakes, including the [[1990 Tbilisi aerial tramway accident]] and the 1999 [[Saint-Étienne-en-Dévoluy cable car crash]].

== Aftermath ==
By 30 May 2021, all three employees were released from prison, with two of the three being found not culpable and the third being sentenced to house arrest.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Three arrested over Italy cable car deaths allowed to leave prison |url=https://www.thejournal.ie/three-men-arrested-for-cable-car-probe-released-as-evidence-leading-prosecution-to-other-suspects-5452724-May2021/}}</ref> As of 21 November 2021, the third employee, Gabriele Tadini, was released from house arrest after 6 months.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tragedy of Mottarone, Gabriele Tadini returns free after six months under house arrest |url=https://www.unionesarda.it/en/italy/tragedy-of-mottarone-gabriele-tadini-returns-free-after-six-months-under-house-arrest-b26ifst4}}</ref>

== Media controversy ==
In June 2021, Italy's public broadcaster, [[RAI]], aired [[CCTV]] footage of the incident on its news programme. Shortly after, it was republished in full on other media outlets in [[Italy]].
The case prosecutor, local Mayor Marcella Severino, politician [[Valeria Fedeli]] and head of public broadcast Marcello Foa expressed condemnation over the broadcast of the footage and urged companies and individuals to stop sharing it.<ref>{{cite news |title=Italy cable car: Outrage as video of the crash shown on TV |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-57510661 |website=BBC News |date=17 June 2021 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[List of accidents and disasters by death toll#Cable transport|List of accidents and disasters by death toll]]
*[[List of accidents and disasters by death toll#Cable transport|Cable car accidents and disasters by death toll]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Stresa-Mottarone cable car crash}}
[[Category:2021 disasters in Europe]]
[[Category:2021 disasters in Italy]]
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[[Category:21st century in Piedmont]]
[[Category:Cable car disasters]]
[[Category:Cable car disasters]]
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[[Category:History of Piedmont]]
[[Category:May 2021 events in Italy]]
[[Category:May 2021 events in Italy]]
[[Category:Transport disasters in 2021]]
[[Category:Transport disasters in 2021]]
[[Category:Transport disasters in Italy]]
[[Category:Transport disasters in Italy]]
[[Category:Stresa]]

Latest revision as of 20:01, 9 September 2024

Stresa–Mottarone cable car crash
A Stresa–Mottarone cable car in 2009
Map
Date23 May 2021 (2021-05-23)
Time12:22 CEST (UTC+02)
LocationMottarone, Piedmont, Italy
Coordinates45°53′01″N 8°27′57″E / 45.8835°N 8.4658°E / 45.8835; 8.4658
CauseIllegal deactivation of emergency brakes.
Deaths14
Non-fatal injuries1

On 23 May 2021, an aerial tram on the Stresa–Alpino–Mottarone Cable Car crashed to the ground after a traction or haulage cable snapped about five metres (16 ft) from the summit of Mottarone, a mountain near Lake Maggiore in northern Italy. Normally, a hydraulic safety brake would have stopped the runaway car immediately but the cable car was operating illegally with the brake disabled. The crash killed fourteen passengers in the cable car,[1][2] and seriously injured one child.[3][4]

Background

[edit]

The Stresa–Alpino–Mottarone Cable Car is an aerial tramway, a form of cable line in which cabins are suspended from a fixed cable and hauled by a separate traction cable to which they are permanently attached, with cabins shuttling backwards and forwards instead of running in a continuous loop. The Stresa–Mottarone line had two separate sections, each with two cabins, and passengers change cabin at the mid-point station of Alpino, between the Stresa and Mottarone stations.[5][6]

Construction work for the cable car began in 1967, carried out by the firm Poscio, under the guidance of architect Mario Cracchi from nearby Baveno. Cable-car-specific construction was carried out by Piemonte Funivie from Turin. The original cables were produced by Westfälische Drahtindustrie GmbH in Hamm, Germany. The last upgrade of the Stresa-Mottarone aerial tramway cars took place in 2002, undertaken by Poma Italia. The cables were replaced from 2014 until 2016 by Leitner Ropeways. With Leitner, Poma had been part of the HTI Group since 2000.

In a press release, Leitner, which had carried out maintenance on the cable car in the years prior to the incident, published details of maintenance work and safety checks performed on the cable car, stating that they had been carried out according to the current safety regulations and the maintenance contract. The company stated that all cables, including the carrier cables, were checked with magnetic induction in November 2020, and the automatic brake was tested with both cabins in December 2020; the test involved a simulated rupture of the haulage cable. From 29 March to 1 April 2021, Leitner employees checked all mechanical safety components, and the hydraulic brakes of the vehicles were checked and maintained on 3 May. The company also stated that daily and weekly checks and maintenance were carried out by the transport company itself, in adherence to the issued user's manual.[7]

The cable car had not been operating for a period of time until 26 April 2021 as a result of restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The cable car was designed for a carrying capacity of 47 people,[6] but the cabin capacity had been reduced as a COVID-19 precaution. 15 people were on board when the accident happened.[8]

Tragedy

[edit]

The deadly crash occurred at 12:22 p.m. local time, as a cabin was ascending on the line's upper section from the middle station at Alpino towards the summit of Mottarone. When the haulage cable snapped, in very close proximity to the summit station at low speed, the cabin careered downhill until it collided with a pylon, then fell about 54 meters (180 ft) before tumbling down the steep slope of the mountain, stopping after impacting trees. Footage captured by a surveillance camera from the summit station depicted the cabin suddenly and violently being pulled backwards at the moment the cable snapped while approaching the platform.[9] Hikers reported hearing a loud hiss shortly before the crash, believed to have been caused by at least one of the cable lines snapping. Some of those who died were thrown from the cabin as it tumbled.[4][10] Television imagery later showed the snapped, thinner traction cable hanging from the pylon.

Casualties

[edit]

Thirteen people died at the scene of the accident,[11] while two children were seriously injured and airlifted to a pediatric hospital in Turin. One of the children later died of cardiac arrest, bringing the death toll to fourteen.[12][13] The deceased victims were identified as eight Italian nationals (of whom three were from Vedano Olona, two from Varese, two from Bari, and one from Cosenza), an Iranian male national,[14] and a three-generation family of five Israeli nationals.[15][16] The only survivor was the Israeli family's five-year-old son.[17][18]

The crash was Italy's deadliest cable car incident since the 1998 Cavalese cable car crash.[10]

Investigation

[edit]

On 26 May 2021, three employees of the cable-car company were arrested. One of the three worked as a freelancer for the company but was an employee of Leitner Ropeways, the company in charge of regular maintenance work on the cable car.[19] According to police, they had intentionally deactivated the automatic emergency brake, as a malfunction had repeatedly led to the halting of the cabins.[20]

After the service resumed on 25 April, the cable car showed “anomalies”. The cable car had been travelling in that way for several days and had made several trips. Technical checks were performed, including a check on 3 May 2021 to “remedy inefficiencies”, but they had not been “decisive” in resolving issues, investigators said. Based on photos from the disaster site, experts have been able to determine that at least one of the gondola's brakes had been disabled with a steel clamp, which is usually employed during specific maintenance activities.[21] If the emergency brakes had been functional, they would have held the cabin steady after the cable snapped. The move was made "in the belief that a cable breakage could never have happened".[22] The operations manager admitted that the emergency brake had been manipulated. Due to continuing hydraulic oil leakage, which apparently was not repaired, repeated spurious activation of the emergency brake occurred and, to maintain the operation of the cable car, they deactivated the emergency brake.[23]

It is still not certain what the primary cause of the crash was, namely the tear of the suspension cable / haulage cable. The corresponding report from the experts is expected on 30 June 2022.[24][needs update] According to one of the experts involved, the traction cable had rusted from the inside – because a routine maintenance measure that should have been carried out every three months was omitted for five years. In other words, maintenance negligence seems to have been involved also.

Whilst the technical safety investigation by the Ufficio per le Investigazioni Ferroviarie e Marittime (IFeMa) (Office of Rail and Maritime Investigations) is ongoing, the Direzione Generale (Director General) (DiGIFeMa) has published 3 safety recommendations in an interim report[25] dated 23 May 2022.[26] These 3 recommendations require various safety checks and inspections to be reported to Safety Authorities and that they are properly and formally recorded.

Images provided by a Swiss cable car technician[27] and shared by him on YouTube[28] show that the Stresa–Mottarone cable car had previously been operated with passengers aboard, with emergency brakes disabled, in 2014 and 2018.

Several other cable car disasters have occurred in the past due to an intentional deactivation of emergency brakes, including the 1990 Tbilisi aerial tramway accident and the 1999 Saint-Étienne-en-Dévoluy cable car crash.

Aftermath

[edit]

By 30 May 2021, all three employees were released from prison, with two of the three being found not culpable and the third being sentenced to house arrest.[29] As of 21 November 2021, the third employee, Gabriele Tadini, was released from house arrest after 6 months.[30]

Media controversy

[edit]

In June 2021, Italy's public broadcaster, RAI, aired CCTV footage of the incident on its news programme. Shortly after, it was republished in full on other media outlets in Italy. The case prosecutor, local Mayor Marcella Severino, politician Valeria Fedeli and head of public broadcast Marcello Foa expressed condemnation over the broadcast of the footage and urged companies and individuals to stop sharing it.[31]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Incidente alla funivia Stresa-Mottarone, caduta una cabina: sono salite a 13 le vittime". La Stampa. 23 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  2. ^ "Cable Car Accident in Italy Kills 14 People | May 24, 2021". The Daily NewsBrief. 2021-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  3. ^ "Italy cable car fall: At least 13 dead after accident near Lake Maggiore". BBC News. 2021-05-23. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  4. ^ a b "Italian cable car crash kills at least 13, injures three". Reuters. 2021-05-23. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  5. ^ "47-AT Alpino - Mottarone". seilbahntechnik.net. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
  6. ^ a b "Alpino-Mottarone (2. Sektion)". www.skiresort.info. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  7. ^ "Gondola Life Stresa-Mottarone: A List of All Checks and Maintenance Works Performed by Leitner in Recent Months" (PDF). Leitner. 2021-05-24. p. 1.
  8. ^ "Cosa si sa dell'incidente della funivia del Mottarone". ilpost.it (in Italian). 2021-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  9. ^ Giuffrida, Fabio (2021-06-16). "Dalla telecamera di sorveglianza del Mottarone la tragedia della funivia – Il video". Open (in Italian). Retrieved 2021-06-17.
  10. ^ a b Winfield, Nicole (23 May 2021). "Italian cable car plunges to the ground, killing at least 13". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 13 September 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  11. ^ "Italy cable car fall: 14 dead after accident near Lake Maggiore". BBC News. 23 May 2021.
  12. ^ "Italian cable car crash kills 14 people, child seriously hurt". Reuters. 2021-05-23. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  13. ^ "La gita, poi il volo nel vuoto: chi sono le 14 vittime al Mottarone". ilGiornale.it (in Italian). 2021-05-23. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  14. ^ "Tragedia a Stresa: precipita una cabina della funivia: salgono a 14 i morti. Deceduto uno dei bambini feriti". La Stampa (in Italian). 2021-05-23. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  15. ^ "אסון הרכבל באיטליה: חמישה ישראלים נהרגו, חלקם בני משפחה אחת". Israel Hayom (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  16. ^ אייכנר, איתמר (2021-05-23). "איטליה: 5 ישראלים בני משפחה אחת נהרגו בקריסת רכבל באלפים". Ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  17. ^ "5 Israelis killed in Italian cable car crash confirmed as members of one family". The Times of Israel. 2021-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  18. ^ Chilai, Sivan (2021-05-26). ""זה סיוט, הטרגדיה של המשפחה": ארונות הרוגי אסון הרכבל נחתו בישראל". ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2021-05-26.
  19. ^ "Seilbahnunglück: Angestellter der Firma Leitner festgenommen" [Gondola crash: employee of Leitner company arrested]. rainews.it (in German). Retrieved 2021-05-26.
  20. ^ "Drei Verhaftungen in Stresa". 26 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  21. ^ "Italian cable car brakes 'tampered with', say prosecutors". The Guardian. 26 May 2021. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
  22. ^ "Gondelabsturz: Notbremse war offenbar bewusst deaktiviert" [Gondola crash: Emergency brake was, apparently, intentionally disabled]. Swiss Radio and Television SRF (in German). 25 May 2021. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
  23. ^ ""Vor Gott verantworten"". Südtiroler Zeitung. 2021-05-29. Retrieved 2021-05-29.
  24. ^ "Mottarone cable old and frayed, human errors says report - English". ANSA.it. 2022-05-26. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  25. ^ "Pubblicata la relazione intermedia di indagine (interim report) sull'incidente del 23 maggio 2021". Ufficio per le investigazioni ferroviarie e marittime (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-07-22.
  26. ^ ACCIDENT DATED 23/05/2021 ON THE STRESA - ALPINO - MOTTARONE CABLE CAR. Safety recommendations (Interim report) of 23/05/2022. Archived 2024-05-23 at the Wayback Machine
  27. ^ "Verunfallte Gondel seit Jahren manipuliert?" [Mishap gondola manipulated for years?]. Swiss Radio and Television SRF (in German). 2021-06-01.
  28. ^ "Funivia Monte Mottarone, Freno di sicurezza soppresso, Fangbremse unterstellt! Seit 2014!!". YouTube. 2021-06-01.
  29. ^ "Three arrested over Italy cable car deaths allowed to leave prison".
  30. ^ "Tragedy of Mottarone, Gabriele Tadini returns free after six months under house arrest".
  31. ^ "Italy cable car: Outrage as video of the crash shown on TV". BBC News. BBC News. 17 June 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
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