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{{Short description|Soviet GRU spy, English teacher and translator}}
{{Short description|Soviet GRU spy, English teacher and translator}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox spy
{{Infobox spy
|honorific_prefix =
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|allegiance = {{flag|Soviet Union|23px}}
|allegiance = {{flag|Soviet Union|23px}}
|service = [[Glavnoye Razvedyvatel'noye Upravleniye|GRU]]
|service = [[Glavnoye Razvedyvatel'noye Upravleniye|GRU]]
|serviceyears = 1923-1948
|serviceyears = 1923–1948
|rank =
|rank =
|operation =
|operation =
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}}
}}
'''Nadezhda (Esther) Markovna Ulanovskaya''' (1903—1986), AKA Nadia or Nadya, was a Soviet intelligence [[GRU]] officer, translator, English teacher, wife [[Alexander Ulanovsky]], and mother of [[Maya Ulanovskaya]].<ref name=Family2016>
'''Nadezhda (Esther) Markovna Ulanovskaya''' (1903–1986), a.k.a. Nadia or Nadya, was a Soviet intelligence [[GRU (Soviet Union)|GRU]] officer, translator, English teacher, wife of [[Alexander Ulanovsky]], and mother of [[Maya Ulanovskaya]].<ref name=Family2016>
{{cite book
{{cite book
| first1 = Maya
| first1 = Maya
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==Background==
==Background==
[[File:Bereszada.jpg|thumb|Former Moszyński Palace in [[Bershad]], Ulanovskaya's birthplace]]
[[File:Bereszada.jpg|thumb|Former Moszyński Palace in [[Bershad]], Ulanovskaya's birthplace]]
Nadezhda Ulanovskaya was born Esther Markovna Fridgant in [[Bershad]] in the then [[Russian Empire]] (now [[Ukraine]]). Her father was a trader; her grandfather Nukhim Fridgant was a rabbi and possibly a descendant of a Hasidic tzaddik Reful (Friedgant). Ulanovskaya studied in private and village schools. In 1917, after the [[February Revolution]], the family moved to [[Odessa]].<ref name=Family2016/><ref name=Sakharov/><ref name=OpenList/>
Nadezhda Ulanovskaya was born Esther Markovna Fridgant in [[Bershad]] in the then [[Russian Empire]] (now [[Ukraine]]). Her father was a trader; her grandfather Nukhim Fridgant was a rabbi and possibly a descendant of a Hasidic tzaddik Reful (Friedgant). Ulanovskaya studied in private and village schools. In 1917, after the [[February Revolution]], the family moved to [[Odessa]].<ref name=Family2016/><ref name=Sakharov/><ref name=OpenList/>


==Career==
==Career==
[[File:19170704_Riot_on_Nevsky_prosp_Petrograd.jpg|thumb|right|Ulanovskaya supported the [[October Revolution]] (here, [[Saint Petersburg]] on July 4, 1917 during demonstration on [[Nevsky Prospekt]] following machine gunning by troops of [[Russian Provisional Government|Provisional Government]])]]
[[File:19170704_Riot_on_Nevsky_prosp_Petrograd.jpg|thumb|right|Ulanovskaya supported the [[October Revolution]] (here, [[Saint Petersburg]] on 4 July 1917 during demonstration on [[Nevsky Prospekt]] following machine gunning by troops of [[Russian Provisional Government|Provisional Government]])]]
After the 1917 [[October Revolution]], Ulanovskaya joined the Young Revolutionary International as an anarchist and changed her name from Esther to ''Nadezhda'' ("Hope"). During the [[Russian Civil War]], she worked for the pro-Soviet underground in Odessa by distributing leaflets. At this time, she met her future husband, Alexander Ulanovsky. In April 1919, during the flight of [[White movement|White Russians]] from Odessa, she helped occupy the Odessa police station. In August 1919, ahead of the White Russian re-occupation of Odessa, she evacuated with Ulanovsky to Nikolaev ([[Mykolaiv]] in Ukraine) and eventually returned to Odessa. In 1921, she and Ulanovsky visited Germany on behalf of the [[Cheka]]. In 1922, they moved to Moscow.<ref name=Sakharov/><ref name=Hen/>
After the 1917 [[October Revolution]], Ulanovskaya joined the Young Revolutionary International as an anarchist and changed her name from Esther to ''Nadezhda'' ("Hope"). During the [[Russian Civil War]], she worked for the pro-Soviet underground in Odessa by distributing leaflets. At this time, she met her future husband, Alexander Ulanovsky. In April 1919, during the flight of [[White movement|White Russians]] from Odessa, she helped occupy the Odessa police station. In August 1919, ahead of the White Russian re-occupation of Odessa, she evacuated with Ulanovsky to Nikolaev ([[Mykolaiv]] in Ukraine) and eventually returned to Odessa. In 1921, she and Ulanovsky visited Germany on behalf of the [[Cheka]]. In 1922, they moved to Moscow.<ref name=Sakharov/><ref name=Hen/>


===Communism===
===Communism===
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1985-1003-020, Richard Sorge.jpg|thumb|right|In 1928, Ulanovskaya was stationed by the [[GRU]] with her husband and [[Richard Sorge]] (here in 1940)]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1985-1003-020, Richard Sorge.jpg|thumb|right|In 1928, Ulanovskaya was stationed by the [[GRU (Soviet Union)|GRU]] with her husband and [[Richard Sorge]] (here in 1940)]]
In 1923, under the name of "Maria Andreyevna Sorokina," Ulanovskaya worked with her husband in [[Hamburg]] for the [[Profintern]], after which the Ulanovskys returned to Moscow (still with the Profintern).<ref name=Sakharov/>
In 1923, under the name of "Maria Andreyevna Sorokina," Ulanovskaya worked with her husband in [[Hamburg]] for the [[Profintern]], after which the Ulanovskys returned to Moscow (still with the Profintern).<ref name=Sakharov/>


In 1928, the Ulanovskys joined the Soviet military intelligence service (or [[Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU)|GRU]]). With [[Richard Sorge]], they were stationed in [[Shanghai]].<ref name=Sakharov/> In 1929, she went with her husband to China as a lieutenant for "technical work."<ref name=Hen/> Her job there was radio operator under the name of a [[Sudeten German]] "Kirschner."<ref name=Sakharov/> In 1930, the Ulanovskys were expelled from Shanghai.<ref name=Hen/>
In 1928, the Ulanovskys joined the Soviet military intelligence service (or [[Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU)|GRU]]). With [[Richard Sorge]], they were stationed in [[Shanghai]].<ref name=Sakharov/> In 1929, she went with her husband to China as a lieutenant for "technical work."<ref name=Hen/> Her job there was radio operator under the name of a [[Sudeten German]] "Kirschner."<ref name=Sakharov/> In 1930, the Ulanovskys were expelled from Shanghai.<ref name=Hen/>


In 1930–1931, the Ulanovskys lived in Berlin and Paris. In 1931, they traveled to the United States as Canadians named "Goldman" and then operated in the US under the surname "Zhuratovich."<ref name=Sakharov/> While stationed in New York 1932-4 as employees of [[Amtorg Trading Corporation|AMTORG]], one of the agents in their spy network was [[Whittaker Chambers]].<ref name=Hen/> While stationed in the US, Ulanovskaya met her uncle, who had immigrated to the US in 1913.<ref name=Sakharov/>
In 1930–1931, the Ulanovskys lived in Berlin and Paris. In 1931, they traveled to the United States as Canadians named "Goldman" and then operated in the US under the surname "Zhuratovich."<ref name=Sakharov/> While stationed in New York 1932-4 as employees of [[Amtorg Trading Corporation|AMTORG]], one of the agents in their spy network was [[Whittaker Chambers]].<ref name=Hen/> While stationed in the US, Ulanovskaya met her uncle, who had immigrated to the US in 1913.<ref name=Sakharov/>


At some point 1933–1935, the Ulanovskys were stationed in Denmark to support Soviet espionage in Germany (after [[Adolf Hitler]]'s takeover in early 1933 and uprooting of Soviet intelligence in Germany). Her husband was caught and imprisoned in a public spy scandal.<ref name=Hen/>
At some point 1933–1935, the Ulanovskys were stationed in Denmark to support Soviet espionage in Germany (after [[Adolf Hitler]]'s takeover in early 1933 and uprooting of Soviet intelligence in Germany). Her husband was caught and imprisoned in a public spy scandal.<ref name=Hen/>


In 1932 (or 1934?), Ulanovskaya returned to Moscow, where, still in Soviet military intelligence, she studied at the [[Moscow State Linguistic University|Institute of Foreign Languages]] through 1941. She also worked as an English teacher at the Frunze Military Academy.<ref name=Sakharov/><ref name=Hen/>
In 1932 (or 1934?), Ulanovskaya returned to Moscow, where, still in Soviet military intelligence, she studied at the [[Moscow State Linguistic University|Institute of Foreign Languages]] through 1941. She also worked as an English teacher at the Frunze Military Academy.<ref name=Sakharov/><ref name=Hen/>


During the [[Great Purge]], the Ulanovskys "broke with the party." Ulanovsky had to leave the Fourth Section of the Red Army (Intelligence, aka [[GRU]]).<ref name=Hen/>
During the [[Great Purge]], the Ulanovskys "broke with the party." Ulanovsky had to leave the Fourth Section of the Red Army (Intelligence, aka [[GRU (Soviet Union)|GRU]]).<ref name=Hen/>


During World War II, Ulanovsky fought in the war, during which he was demoted to captain and wounded; Ulanovskaya sent her children East with her mother to [[Chelyabinsk]] for safety.<ref name=Hen/> She worked with foreign correspondents with the Commissariat of Foreign Affairs, including work in the Far East. In 1947, she taught English at the [[Moscow State Institute of International Relations|Institute of International Relations]]; in December 1947, she was dismissed due to pending arrest.<ref name=Sakharov/>
During World War II, Ulanovsky fought in the war, during which he was demoted to captain and wounded; Ulanovskaya sent her children East with her mother to [[Chelyabinsk]] for safety.<ref name=Hen/> She worked with foreign correspondents with the Commissariat of Foreign Affairs, including work in the Far East. In 1947, she taught English at the [[Moscow State Institute of International Relations|Institute of International Relations]]; in December 1947, she was dismissed due to pending arrest.<ref name=Sakharov/>


===GULAG===
===GULAG===
[[File:Dubravlag-map.png|thumb|right|[[Dubravlag]], where Ulanovskaya served prison time]]
[[File:Dubravlag-map.png|thumb|right|[[Dubravlag]], where Ulanovskaya served prison time]]
On February 21, 1948, Ulanovskaya was arrested for treason, specifically the transfer of information about the [[Great Purge]] for Australian [[Godfrey Blunden]] for the 1947 book ''A Room on the Route'' published in the US. She was locked in solitary confinement in the [[Lefortovo Prison|Lefortovo]] prison. (Her husband was arrested on March 3, 1949.)<ref name=Sakharov/><ref name=Hen/> Accused of working with a British and American spy, she was forced to stay away for 13 days and nights.<ref name=Hen/>
On 21 February 1948, Ulanovskaya was arrested for treason, specifically the transfer of information about the [[Great Purge]] for Australian [[Godfrey Blunden]] for the 1947 book ''A Room on the Route'' published in the US. She was locked in solitary confinement in the [[Lefortovo Prison|Lefortovo]] prison. (Her husband was arrested on 3 March 1949.)<ref name=Sakharov/><ref name=Hen/> Accused of working with a British and American spy, she was not allowed to sleep for 13 days and nights.<ref name=Hen/>


In 1951, she received a 15-year sentence in labor camps. She served time in Rechlag (Rechnoy?) and then [[Dubravlag]]. (In 1951, her daughter was also arrested and in 1952 sentenced to 25 years.) In May 1956, Soviet authorities reclassified her crime to "disclosure of official secrets," reduced the sentence to the time already served, and released her.<ref name=Sakharov/><ref name=OpenList/><ref name=Hen/>
In 1951, she received a 15-year sentence in labor camps. She served time in [[Rechlag]] and then [[Dubravlag]]. (In 1951, her daughter was also arrested and in 1952 sentenced to 25 years.) In May 1956, Soviet authorities reclassified her crime to "disclosure of official secrets," reduced the sentence to the time already served, and released her.<ref name=Sakharov/><ref name=OpenList/><ref name=Hen/>


===Later years===
===Later years===


In 1961, her younger daughter died. In 1971, her husband died.<ref name=Sakharov/>
In 1961, her younger daughter died. In 1971, her husband died.<ref name=Sakharov/>


In 1973, Ulanovskaya immigrated to Israel with her daughter Maya, son-in-law, and grandson.<ref name=Sakharov/>
In 1973, Ulanovskaya immigrated to Israel with her daughter Maya, son-in-law, and grandson.<ref name=Sakharov/>
Line 102: Line 103:
In 1977, mother and daughter visited Godfrey Blunden in Europe.<ref name=Sakharov/>
In 1977, mother and daughter visited Godfrey Blunden in Europe.<ref name=Sakharov/>


On July 17, 1977, [[C. L. Sulzberger]] of the ''New York Times'' published a memoir of Ulanovskaya from his days in Moscow as bureau chief 1943–5.<ref name=Hen/>
In July 1977, [[C. L. Sulzberger]] of the ''New York Times'' visited Ulanovskaya in Israel and published some recollections of her from his days in Moscow as bureau chief 1943–5.<ref name=Hen/>


On July 26, 1977, in London, Ulanovskaya appeared on an episode called "The Soviet Intelligence Apparatus" on ''[[Firing Line (TV series)|Firing Line]]'', a talk show hosted by [[William F. Buckley Jr.]]:<ref name=FiringLine>
On 26 July 1977, in London, Ulanovskaya appeared on an episode called "The Soviet Intelligence Apparatus" on ''[[Firing Line (TV series)|Firing Line]]'', a talk show hosted by [[William F. Buckley Jr.]]:<ref name=FiringLine>
{{cite web
{{cite web
| publisher = Firing Line
| publisher = Firing Line
Line 110: Line 111:
| url = https://digitalcollections.hoover.org/images/Collections/80040/80040_s0289_trans.pdf <!--https://digitalcollections.hoover.org/objects/6465 -->
| url = https://digitalcollections.hoover.org/images/Collections/80040/80040_s0289_trans.pdf <!--https://digitalcollections.hoover.org/objects/6465 -->
| date = 26 July 1977
| date = 26 July 1977
| access-date = 3 January 2020}}</ref> <blockquote> <small> '''Ulanovskaya:''' When we were in the States [in the Thirties], it was the first time—not that I began to doubt, but that I felt, with some reason, we couldn't do what the capitalists had achieved... In the States, in spite of that terrible time of the [[Great Depression|Depression]]... to us it didn't look terrible at all. <br> '''Buckley:''' You mean by contrast with what you had experienced? <br> '''Ulanovskaya:''' We saw those jobless people who still ate better... You know, some Communist sympathizers once showed us some slums, but those slums didn't impress me at all.<br> '''Buckley:''' Made you feel at home? <br> '''Ulanovskaya:''' Well, the way we personally lived in Moscow at that time was worse.<ref name=FiringLine/> </small> </blockquote>
| access-date = 3 January 2020}}</ref> <blockquote> <small> '''Ulanovskaya:''' When we were in the States [in the Thirties], it was the first time—not that I began to doubt, but that I felt, with some reason, we couldn't do what the capitalists had achieved... In the States, in spite of that terrible time of the [[Great Depression|Depression]]... to us it didn't look terrible at all. <br> '''Buckley:''' You mean by contrast with what you had experienced? <br> '''Ulanovskaya:''' We saw those jobless people who still ate better... You know, some Communist sympathizers once showed us some slums, but those slums didn't impress me at all.<br> '''Buckley:''' Made you feel at home? <br> '''Ulanovskaya:''' Well, the way we personally lived in Moscow at that time was worse.<ref name=FiringLine/> </small> </blockquote>


==Personal life and death==
==Personal life and death==
[[File:My Father(2).jpg|thumb|right|Ulanovskaya married [[Alexander Petrovich Ulanovsky]], fellow Soviet spy]]
[[File:My Father(2).jpg|thumb|right|Ulanovskaya married [[Alexander Petrovich Ulanovsky]], fellow Soviet spy]]


By 1922, Ulanovskaya had married Alexander Ulanovsky. They had a son and two daughters, of whom one is named [[Maya Ulanovskaya]].<ref name=Sakharov/><ref name=Hen/>
By 1922, Ulanovskaya had married Alexander Ulanovsky. They had a son and two daughters, of whom one is named [[Maya Ulanovskaya]].<ref name=Sakharov/><ref name=Hen/>


According to Sulzberger's 1977 memoir, Ulanovskaya had never heard of [[Alger Hiss]], and her husband had no contact with [[Kim Philby]], [[Guy Burgess]], or [[Donald Maclean (spy)|Donald McLean]].<ref name=Hen/>
According to Sulzberger's 1977 memoir, Ulanovskaya had never heard of [[Alger Hiss]], and her husband had no contact with [[Kim Philby]], [[Guy Burgess]], or [[Donald Maclean (spy)|Donald McLean]].<ref name=Hen/>


On January 5, 1983, Nadezhda Ulanovskaya died age in Israel.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}
On 5 January 1986, Nadezhda Ulanovskaya died in Israel.<ref name=Sakharov/>


==Works==
==Works==
Line 125: Line 126:
In 1982, she published in the US, together with her daughter, a memoir book ''The Story of One Family''.<ref name=OpenList/>
In 1982, she published in the US, together with her daughter, a memoir book ''The Story of One Family''.<ref name=OpenList/>


Regarding the [[Alger Hiss|Hiss]] Case, Ulavoskaya wrote (quoted from the new English edition of their memoir): "My story has many parallels with that of Whittaker Chambers. We met the same people, and I can thus confirm his testimony."<ref name=Family2016/>
Regarding the [[Alger Hiss|Hiss]] Case, Ulavoskaya wrote (quoted from the new English edition of their memoir): "My story has many parallels with that of Whittaker Chambers. We met the same people, and I can thus confirm his testimony."<ref name=Family2016/>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 139: Line 140:
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== Further reading ==
⚫
==External sources==


{{Soviet Spies}}
{{Refbegin}}


* {{cite journal |last=Weinstein |first=Allen |author-link=Allen Weinstein |date=June 1977 |volume=48 |issue=6 |title=Nadya: A Spy Story |journal=[[Encounter (magazine)|Encounter]] |issn=0013-7073 |pages=72–79 }}

{{Refend}}

⚫
==External sources==
* [https://digitalcollections.hoover.org/objects/6465 ''Firing Line'' - "The Soviet Intelligence Apparatus" with Nadia Ulanovskaia (video)]
* [https://digitalcollections.hoover.org/objects/6465 ''Firing Line'' - "The Soviet Intelligence Apparatus" with Nadia Ulanovskaia (video)]
* [https://ru.openlist.wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_(1903) Улановская Надежда Марковна (1903)] (Ulanovskaya, Nadezhda Markovna)
* [https://www.sakharov-center.ru/asfcd/auth/?t=author&i=207 Улановская Надежда (Эстер) Марковна (1903-1986)] (Ulanovskaya Nadezhda (Esther) Markovna)


{{Soviet Spies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


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[[Category:1903 births]]
[[Category:1903 births]]
[[Category:1986 deaths]]
[[Category:1986 deaths]]
[[Category:Odessa Jews]]
[[Category:Odesa Jews]]
[[Category:People convicted of spying for the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:People convicted of spying for the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:GRU officers]]
[[Category:GRU officers]]

Latest revision as of 06:38, 30 September 2024

Nadezhda Ulanovskaya
Born
Esther Markovna Fridgant

1903
Bershad
Died1986
Tel Aviv
SpouseAlexander Ulanovsky
ChildrenMaya Ulanovskaya
Espionage activity
Allegiance Soviet Union
Service branchGRU
Service years1923–1948

Nadezhda (Esther) Markovna Ulanovskaya (1903–1986), a.k.a. Nadia or Nadya, was a Soviet intelligence GRU officer, translator, English teacher, wife of Alexander Ulanovsky, and mother of Maya Ulanovskaya.[1][2][3][4]

Background

[edit]
Former Moszyński Palace in Bershad, Ulanovskaya's birthplace

Nadezhda Ulanovskaya was born Esther Markovna Fridgant in Bershad in the then Russian Empire (now Ukraine). Her father was a trader; her grandfather Nukhim Fridgant was a rabbi and possibly a descendant of a Hasidic tzaddik Reful (Friedgant). Ulanovskaya studied in private and village schools. In 1917, after the February Revolution, the family moved to Odessa.[1][2][3]

Career

[edit]
Ulanovskaya supported the October Revolution (here, Saint Petersburg on 4 July 1917 during demonstration on Nevsky Prospekt following machine gunning by troops of Provisional Government)

After the 1917 October Revolution, Ulanovskaya joined the Young Revolutionary International as an anarchist and changed her name from Esther to Nadezhda ("Hope"). During the Russian Civil War, she worked for the pro-Soviet underground in Odessa by distributing leaflets. At this time, she met her future husband, Alexander Ulanovsky. In April 1919, during the flight of White Russians from Odessa, she helped occupy the Odessa police station. In August 1919, ahead of the White Russian re-occupation of Odessa, she evacuated with Ulanovsky to Nikolaev (Mykolaiv in Ukraine) and eventually returned to Odessa. In 1921, she and Ulanovsky visited Germany on behalf of the Cheka. In 1922, they moved to Moscow.[2][4]

Communism

[edit]
In 1928, Ulanovskaya was stationed by the GRU with her husband and Richard Sorge (here in 1940)

In 1923, under the name of "Maria Andreyevna Sorokina," Ulanovskaya worked with her husband in Hamburg for the Profintern, after which the Ulanovskys returned to Moscow (still with the Profintern).[2]

In 1928, the Ulanovskys joined the Soviet military intelligence service (or GRU). With Richard Sorge, they were stationed in Shanghai.[2] In 1929, she went with her husband to China as a lieutenant for "technical work."[4] Her job there was radio operator under the name of a Sudeten German "Kirschner."[2] In 1930, the Ulanovskys were expelled from Shanghai.[4]

In 1930–1931, the Ulanovskys lived in Berlin and Paris. In 1931, they traveled to the United States as Canadians named "Goldman" and then operated in the US under the surname "Zhuratovich."[2] While stationed in New York 1932-4 as employees of AMTORG, one of the agents in their spy network was Whittaker Chambers.[4] While stationed in the US, Ulanovskaya met her uncle, who had immigrated to the US in 1913.[2]

At some point 1933–1935, the Ulanovskys were stationed in Denmark to support Soviet espionage in Germany (after Adolf Hitler's takeover in early 1933 and uprooting of Soviet intelligence in Germany). Her husband was caught and imprisoned in a public spy scandal.[4]

In 1932 (or 1934?), Ulanovskaya returned to Moscow, where, still in Soviet military intelligence, she studied at the Institute of Foreign Languages through 1941. She also worked as an English teacher at the Frunze Military Academy.[2][4]

During the Great Purge, the Ulanovskys "broke with the party." Ulanovsky had to leave the Fourth Section of the Red Army (Intelligence, aka GRU).[4]

During World War II, Ulanovsky fought in the war, during which he was demoted to captain and wounded; Ulanovskaya sent her children East with her mother to Chelyabinsk for safety.[4] She worked with foreign correspondents with the Commissariat of Foreign Affairs, including work in the Far East. In 1947, she taught English at the Institute of International Relations; in December 1947, she was dismissed due to pending arrest.[2]

GULAG

[edit]
Dubravlag, where Ulanovskaya served prison time

On 21 February 1948, Ulanovskaya was arrested for treason, specifically the transfer of information about the Great Purge for Australian Godfrey Blunden for the 1947 book A Room on the Route published in the US. She was locked in solitary confinement in the Lefortovo prison. (Her husband was arrested on 3 March 1949.)[2][4] Accused of working with a British and American spy, she was not allowed to sleep for 13 days and nights.[4]

In 1951, she received a 15-year sentence in labor camps. She served time in Rechlag and then Dubravlag. (In 1951, her daughter was also arrested and in 1952 sentenced to 25 years.) In May 1956, Soviet authorities reclassified her crime to "disclosure of official secrets," reduced the sentence to the time already served, and released her.[2][3][4]

Later years

[edit]

In 1961, her younger daughter died. In 1971, her husband died.[2]

In 1973, Ulanovskaya immigrated to Israel with her daughter Maya, son-in-law, and grandson.[2]

In 1977, mother and daughter visited Godfrey Blunden in Europe.[2]

In July 1977, C. L. Sulzberger of the New York Times visited Ulanovskaya in Israel and published some recollections of her from his days in Moscow as bureau chief 1943–5.[4]

On 26 July 1977, in London, Ulanovskaya appeared on an episode called "The Soviet Intelligence Apparatus" on Firing Line, a talk show hosted by William F. Buckley Jr.:[5]

Ulanovskaya: When we were in the States [in the Thirties], it was the first time—not that I began to doubt, but that I felt, with some reason, we couldn't do what the capitalists had achieved... In the States, in spite of that terrible time of the Depression... to us it didn't look terrible at all.
Buckley: You mean by contrast with what you had experienced?
Ulanovskaya: We saw those jobless people who still ate better... You know, some Communist sympathizers once showed us some slums, but those slums didn't impress me at all.
Buckley: Made you feel at home?
Ulanovskaya: Well, the way we personally lived in Moscow at that time was worse.[5]

Personal life and death

[edit]
Ulanovskaya married Alexander Petrovich Ulanovsky, fellow Soviet spy

By 1922, Ulanovskaya had married Alexander Ulanovsky. They had a son and two daughters, of whom one is named Maya Ulanovskaya.[2][4]

According to Sulzberger's 1977 memoir, Ulanovskaya had never heard of Alger Hiss, and her husband had no contact with Kim Philby, Guy Burgess, or Donald McLean.[4]

On 5 January 1986, Nadezhda Ulanovskaya died in Israel.[2]

Works

[edit]
Ulanovskaya wrote a memoir with her daughter, Maya Ulanovskaya (here, circa 1955)

In 1982, she published in the US, together with her daughter, a memoir book The Story of One Family.[3]

Regarding the Hiss Case, Ulavoskaya wrote (quoted from the new English edition of their memoir): "My story has many parallels with that of Whittaker Chambers. We met the same people, and I can thus confirm his testimony."[1]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Ulanovskaya, Maya; Ulanovskaya, Nadezhda (27 May 2016). The Family Story. Translated by Stefani Hoffman. Lulu. pp. 23 (Russian edition on background), 93 (Whittaker Chambers, Hiss Case). ISBN 9781326667573. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Улановская Надежда (Эстер) Марковна (1903–1986)] (Ulanovskaya Nadezhda (Esther) Markovna)". Sakharov Center. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d "Улановская Надежда Марковна (1903) (Ulanovskaya, Nadezhda Markovna)". Open List. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "The Hen Who Produced an Eagle". New York Times. 17 July 1977. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
  5. ^ a b "The Soviet Intelligence Apparatus" (PDF). Firing Line. 26 July 1977. Retrieved 3 January 2020.

Further reading

[edit]

External sources

[edit]
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