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Altered isbn. Add: authors 1-1. Removed parameters. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. Upgrade ISBN10 to 13. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Juniperus | #UCB_Category 2/73
 
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|status = LC
|status = LC
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |author=Farjon, A. |title=''Juniperus horizontalis'' |volume=2013 |page=e.T42237A2965318 |year=2013 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42237A2965318.en }}</ref>
|status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 13 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Farjon, A. |date=2013 |title=''Juniperus horizontalis'' |volume=2013 |page=e.T42237A2965318 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42237A2965318.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>
|status2 = {{TNCStatus}}
|status2_system = TNC
|status2_ref = <ref name="NatureServe">{{cite web |last1=NatureServe |title=''Juniperus horizontalis'' |url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.144512/Juniperus_horizontalis |access-date=18 August 2024 |location=Arlington, Virginia |date=2024}}</ref>
|genus = Juniperus
|genus = Juniperus
|species = horizontalis
|species = horizontalis
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|}}
|}}


'''''Juniperus horizontalis''''', the '''creeping juniper''' or '''creeping cedar''',<ref name=Hortusthird>Bailey, L.H.; Bailey, E.Z.; the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. ''Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada''. Macmillan, New York.</ref> is a low-growing [[shrub]]by [[juniper]] native to northern [[North America]], throughout most of [[Canada]] from [[Yukon]] east to [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]], and in the [[United States]] in [[Alaska]], and locally from [[Montana]] east to [[Maine]], reaching its furthest south in [[Wyoming]] and northern [[Illinois]].
'''''Juniperus horizontalis''''', the '''creeping juniper''' or '''creeping cedar''',<ref name=Hortusthird>Bailey, L.H.; Bailey, E.Z.; the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. ''Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada''. Macmillan, New York.</ref> is a low-growing [[shrub]]by [[juniper]] native to northern [[North America]], throughout most of [[Canada]] from [[Yukon]] east to [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]], and in some of the northern [[United States]].


==Description==
==Description==
It lives up to both its scientific and common names, reaching only 10–30 cm tall but often spreading several metres wide. The shoots are slender, {{convert|0.7|-|1.2|mm}} diameter. The [[leaf|leaves]] are arranged in opposite decussate pairs, or occasionally in whorls of three; the adult leaf blades are scale-like, 1–2 mm long (to 8 mm on lead shoots) and {{convert|1|-|1.5|mm}} broad, and derive from an adnate [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]]. The juvenile leaves (on young seedlings only) are needle-like, 5–10 mm long. The [[conifer cone|cones]] are berry-like, globose to bilobed, {{convert|5|-|7|mm}} in diameter, dark blue with a pale blue-white waxy bloom, and contain two [[seed]]s (rarely one or three); they usually have a curved stem and are mature in about 18 months. The male cones are {{convert|2|-|4|mm}} long, and shed their pollen in early spring. It is [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], producing cones of only one sex on each plant.
Living up to both its scientific and common names, the species reaches only {{Convert|10–30|cm|frac=8}} tall but often spreading several metres wide. The shoots are slender, {{convert|0.7|-|1.2|mm|frac=32}} diameter. The [[leaves]] are arranged in opposite decussate pairs, or occasionally in whorls of three; the adult leaf blades are scale-like, 1–2 mm long (to 8 mm on lead shoots) and {{convert|1|-|1.5|mm|abbr=on|frac=32}} broad, and derive from an adnate [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]]. The juvenile leaves (on young seedlings only) are needle-like, {{Convert|5–10|mm|abbr=on|frac=16}} long. The [[conifer cone|cones]] are berry-like, globose to bilobed, {{convert|5|-|7|mm|abbr=on|frac=32}} in diameter, dark blue with a pale blue-white waxy bloom, and contain two [[seed]]s (rarely one or three); they usually have a curved stem and are mature in about 18 months. The male cones are {{convert|2|-|4|mm|abbr=on|frac=32}} long, and shed their pollen in early spring. It is [[plant sexuality|dioecious]], producing cones of only one sex on each plant.


It is closely related to ''[[Juniperus virginiana]]'', and often [[Hybrid (biology)|hybridizes]] with it where their ranges meet in southern Canada. Hybrids with ''[[Juniperus scopulorum]]'' also occur.
It is closely related to ''[[Juniperus virginiana]]'', and often [[Hybrid (biology)|hybridizes]] with it where their ranges meet in southern [[Canada]]. Hybrids with ''[[Juniperus scopulorum]]'' also occur.

==Distribution and habitat==
The species is native to northern [[North America]], throughout most of Canada from [[Yukon]] east to [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]], and in the [[United States]] in [[Alaska]], and continentally from [[Montana]] east to [[Maine]], reaching its furthest south in [[Wyoming]] and northern [[Illinois]]. Amongst the sites it occupies are rocky areas of the east slopes of the [[Rocky Mountains]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last1=Arno |first1=Stephen F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qDD4DwAAQBAJ |title=Northwest Trees: Identifying & Understanding the Region's Native Trees |last2=Hammerly |first2=Ramona P. |publisher=[[Mountaineers Books]] |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-68051-329-5 |edition=field guide |location=Seattle |pages=174 |language=en |oclc=1141235469 |orig-date=1977}}</ref>


==Cultivation and uses==
==Cultivation and uses==
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|25em}}
{{Reflist|25em}}

*{{cite iucn|author=Conifer Specialist Group|year=1998|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/42237/0|title=''Juniperus horizontalis''|access-date=12 May 2006}}
== Further reading ==
*Adams, R. P. (2004). Junipers of the World: The genus Juniperus. Trafford Publishing {{ISBN|1-4120-4250-X}}
*Adams, R. P. (2004). Junipers of the World: The genus Juniperus. Trafford Publishing {{ISBN|1-4120-4250-X}}


==External links==
==External links==
* [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=JUHO2 USDA Plants Profile for ''Juniperus horizontalis'' (creeping juniper)]
* [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=JUHO2 USDA Plants Profile for ''Juniperus horizontalis'' (creeping juniper)]
* [http://www.conifers.org/cu/ju/horizontalis.htm Gymnosperm Database: ''Juniperus horizontalis'']
* [http://www.conifers.org/cu/ju/horizontalis.htm Gymnosperm Database: ''Juniperus horizontalis''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060430154653/http://www.conifers.org/cu/ju/horizontalis.htm |date=2006-04-30 }}
* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500732 Flora of North America: ''Juniperus horizontalis'']
* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500732 Flora of North America: ''Juniperus horizontalis'']
* [http://www.plantmaps.com/nrm/juniperus-horizontalis-creeping-juniper-native-range-map.php Plantmaps.com: Interactive Distribution Map of ''Juniperus horizontalis'']
* [http://www.plantmaps.com/nrm/juniperus-horizontalis-creeping-juniper-native-range-map.php Plantmaps.com: Interactive Distribution Map of ''Juniperus horizontalis''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319022323/http://www.plantmaps.com/nrm/juniperus-horizontalis-creeping-juniper-native-range-map.php |date=2017-03-19 }}
* [https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=juho2 Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, NPIN Database: ''Juniperus horizontalis'' (Creeping juniper, Creeping savin)]
* [https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=juho2 Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, NPIN Database: ''Juniperus horizontalis'' (Creeping juniper, Creeping savin)]
{{Commonscat|position=left|Juniperus horizontalis}}
{{Commonscat|position=left|Juniperus horizontalis}}
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[[Category:Juniperus|horizontalis]]
[[Category:Juniperus|horizontalis]]
[[Category:Flora of Subarctic America]]
[[Category:Flora of Western Canada]]
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[[Category:Flora of Canada]]
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[[Category:Flora of the North-Central United States]]
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[[Category:Flora of the Northeastern United States]]
[[Category:Flora of the Great Lakes region (North America)]]
[[Category:Flora of Alaska]]
[[Category:Flora of Alaska]]
[[Category:Flora of Colorado]]
[[Category:Flora of Labrador]]
[[Category:Flora of Illinois]]
⚫
[[Category:Flora of Iowa]]
[[Category:Flora of Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Flora of Michigan]]
[[Category:Flora of Minnesota]]
[[Category:Flora of Montana]]
[[Category:Flora of Montana]]
[[Category:Dioecious plants]]
[[Category:Flora of New York (state)]]
[[Category:Least concern flora of North America]]
[[Category:Flora of Newfoundland]]
[[Category:Least concern flora of the United States]]
[[Category:Flora of North Dakota]]
[[Category:Garden plants of North America]]
[[Category:Flora of Nova Scotia]]
[[Category:Groundcovers]]
[[Category:Flora of Nunavut]]
[[Category:Flora of Ontario]]
[[Category:Flora of Quebec]]
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[[Category:Flora of South Dakota]]
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[[Category:Flora of the Northwest Territories]]
[[Category:Flora of Vermont]]
[[Category:Flora of Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Flora of Wyoming]]
[[Category:Flora of Yukon]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1794]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1794]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Conrad Moench]]

Latest revision as of 05:14, 29 August 2024

Juniperus horizontalis
Foliage and cones

Secure  (NatureServe)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Gymnospermae
Division: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Cupressales
Family: Cupressaceae
Genus: Juniperus
Species:
J. horizontalis
Binomial name
Juniperus horizontalis
Moench 1794
Natural range of Juniperus horizontalis
Synonyms[3]
  • Juniperus prostrata Pers. 1807
  • Juniperus repens Nutt. 1818
  • Juniperus racemosa Risso 1826
  • Juniperus hudsonica Forbes 1839
  • Sabina prostrata (Pers.) Antoine 1857
  • Sabina racemosa (Risso) Antoine 1857
  • Sabina horizontalis (Moench) Rydb. 1912

Juniperus horizontalis, the creeping juniper or creeping cedar,[4] is a low-growing shrubby juniper native to northern North America, throughout most of Canada from Yukon east to Newfoundland, and in some of the northern United States.

Description

[edit]

Living up to both its scientific and common names, the species reaches only 10–30 centimetres (3+7⁄8–11+3⁄4 in) tall but often spreading several metres wide. The shoots are slender, 0.7–1.2 millimetres (1⁄32–1⁄16 in) diameter. The leaves are arranged in opposite decussate pairs, or occasionally in whorls of three; the adult leaf blades are scale-like, 1–2 mm long (to 8 mm on lead shoots) and 1–1.5 mm (1⁄32–1⁄16 in) broad, and derive from an adnate petiole. The juvenile leaves (on young seedlings only) are needle-like, 5–10 mm (3⁄16–3⁄8 in) long. The cones are berry-like, globose to bilobed, 5–7 mm (3⁄16–9⁄32 in) in diameter, dark blue with a pale blue-white waxy bloom, and contain two seeds (rarely one or three); they usually have a curved stem and are mature in about 18 months. The male cones are 2–4 mm (3⁄32–5⁄32 in) long, and shed their pollen in early spring. It is dioecious, producing cones of only one sex on each plant.

It is closely related to Juniperus virginiana, and often hybridizes with it where their ranges meet in southern Canada. Hybrids with Juniperus scopulorum also occur.

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

The species is native to northern North America, throughout most of Canada from Yukon east to Newfoundland, and in the United States in Alaska, and continentally from Montana east to Maine, reaching its furthest south in Wyoming and northern Illinois. Amongst the sites it occupies are rocky areas of the east slopes of the Rocky Mountains.[5]

Cultivation and uses

[edit]

Well over 100 different cultivars have been selected for use as ornamental plants in gardens, their strictly prostrate growth habit being valued for ground cover. Popular examples include 'Bar Harbor', 'Blue Acres', 'Emerald Spreader', 'Green Acres', and 'Wiltonii' ("Blue Rug Juniper"). Many of the most popular cultivars have strikingly glaucous foliage, while others are bright green, yellowish or variegated.

[edit]
  • Plant at Pancake Bay sand dunes, Ontario, Canada
    Plant at Pancake Bay sand dunes, Ontario, Canada
  • Juniperus horizontalis 'Wiltonii' as a garden plant
    Juniperus horizontalis 'Wiltonii' as a garden plant

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Farjon, A. (2013). "Juniperus horizontalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T42237A2965318. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42237A2965318.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. ^ NatureServe (2024). "Juniperus horizontalis". Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
  3. ^ Juniperus horizontalis The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ 22 Nov. 2011
  4. ^ Bailey, L.H.; Bailey, E.Z.; the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Macmillan, New York.
  5. ^ Arno, Stephen F.; Hammerly, Ramona P. (2020) [1977]. Northwest Trees: Identifying & Understanding the Region's Native Trees (field guide ed.). Seattle: Mountaineers Books. p. 174. ISBN 978-1-68051-329-5. OCLC 1141235469.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Adams, R. P. (2004). Junipers of the World: The genus Juniperus. Trafford Publishing ISBN 1-4120-4250-X
[edit]
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