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{{Short description|German-Polish catholic priest and Polish national activist (1868–1906)}}
{{AfC submission|t||ts=20210530121955|u=Wikibenchris|ns=118|demo=}}<!-- Important, do not remove this line before article has been created. -->

{{Short description|priest, Poland, 19th-20th century}}
{{Infobox clergy
{{Infobox clergy
| child =
| child =
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| native_name_lang = pl
| native_name_lang = pl
| honorific_suffix =
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image = File:Cm Nowofarny w Bydg - grób ks Markwarta.jpg
| image_size =
| image_size =
| alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| alt = Father Markwart tombstone, Bydgoszcz
| caption =
| caption = Father Markwart tombstone, Bydgoszcz
| nationality = [[German Empire|German]] {{flag|German Empire}}, [[Poland|Polish]] {{flag|Poland}}
| nationality = [[German Empire|German]] {{flag|German Empire}}, [[Poland|Polish]] {{flag|Poland}}
| ethnicity =
| ethnicity =
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| pronunciation =
| pronunciation =
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1868|09|09}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1868|09|09|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Ostróda]], [[German Empire]]
| birth_place = [[Ostróda]], [[German Empire]]
| burial_place = Nowofarny cemetery, Bydgoszcz
| burial_place = Nowofarny cemetery, Bydgoszcz
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1906|08|16|1868|09|09}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1906|08|16|1868|09|09|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Międzyzdroje]], [[German Empire]]
| death_place = [[Międzyzdroje]], [[German Empire]]
| death_cause = <!--should only be included when the cause of death has significance for the subject's notability-->
| death_cause = <!--should only be included when the cause of death has significance for the subject's notability-->
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'''Ryszard Markwart''', or ''Richard Marquardt'' (1868-1906) was a German-Polish catholic priest and Polish national activist who served in [[Magdeburg]], [[Berlin]] and [[Bydgoszcz]].
'''Ryszard Markwart''', or ''Richard Marquardt'' (1868-1906) was a German-Polish catholic priest and Polish national activist who served in [[Magdeburg]], [[Berlin]] and [[Bydgoszcz]].


==Early life and occupations==
==Early life and occupations==
Richard Marquardt was born on September 9, 1868, in [[Ostróda]], then part of the German Empire, from a Polish-German family.<ref>
Richard Marquardt was born on 9 September 1868 in [[Ostróda]], then part of the German Empire, from a Polish-German family.<ref>
{{cite web |url=https://pomorska.pl/ks-ryszard-markwart/ar/6784427 |title=Proboszcz fary utonął w falach Bałtyku |last=km|first=|date=16 August 2013 |website=pomorska.pl |publisher=Polska Press Sp. z o. o. |access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref>
{{cite web |url=https://pomorska.pl/ks-ryszard-markwart/ar/6784427 |title=Proboszcz fary utonął w falach Bałtyku |last=km|date=16 August 2013 |website=pomorska.pl |publisher=Polska Press Sp. z o. o. |access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref>

⚫
His father was a [[Germans|German]] of the [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical]] faith and worked as a [[veterinarian]]. His mother Norberta was a [[Poles| Polish]] [[Catholic Church|Roman catholic]] woman. She had the most influence on Ryszard and was critical to shape her son's attachment to Polishness and Catholic faith.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bydgoszcz.wyborcza.pl/bydgoszcz/7,128852,14448111,proboszcz-fary-utonal-w-falach-baltyku.html |title=Ksiądz Markwart o niemieckim nazwisku, w żyłach miał polską krew |last=Ł.R.|first=|date=19 January 2020|website=portalkujawski.pl |publisher=Portalkujawski |access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref>


⚫
His father was a [[Germans|German]] of the [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical]] faith and worked as a [[veterinarian]]. His mother Norberta was a [[Polish people|Polish]] [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] woman. She had the most influence on Ryszard and was critical to shape her son's attachment to Polishness and Catholic faith.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bydgoszcz.wyborcza.pl/bydgoszcz/7,128852,14448111,proboszcz-fary-utonal-w-falach-baltyku.html |title=Ksiądz Markwart o niemieckim nazwisku, w żyłach miał polską krew |last=Ł.R.|date=19 January 2020|website=portalkujawski.pl |publisher=Portalkujawski |access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref>
[[File:Gniezno Cathedral - 01.JPG|thumb|Gniezno Cathedral]]
After graduating from [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]], he attended lectures at different universities:
After graduating from [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]], he attended lectures at different universities:
* [[University of Greifswald|Greifswald]];
* [[University of Greifswald|Greifswald]];
* [[University of Würzburg|Würzburg]];
* [[University of Würzburg|Würzburg]];
* [[University of Münster|Münster]].
* [[University of Münster|Münster]].


Furthermore, Markwart was educated in theological [[seminary|seminaries]] in [[Poznań]] and [[Gniezno]]. He finally received [[ordination]] in Gniezno.<ref name="Pom">{{cite web |url=https://pomorska.pl/ks-ryszard-markwart/ar/6784427 |title=Ks. Ryszard Markwart |last=Opr |first=|date=4 August 2005|website=pomorska.pl |publisher=Polska Press Sp. z o. o |access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref>
Furthermore, Markwart was educated in theological [[seminary|seminaries]] in [[Poznań]] and [[Gniezno]]. He finally received [[ordination]] in Gniezno.<ref name="Pom">{{cite web |url=https://pomorska.pl/ks-ryszard-markwart/ar/6784427 |title=Ks. Ryszard Markwart |last=Opr |date=4 August 2005|website=pomorska.pl |publisher=Polska Press Sp. z o. o |access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref>


He was first a "manservant" "({{lang-pl|mansjonarz}})", i.e. below the rank of priest in the [[hierarchy of the Catholic Church]], in [[Środa Wielkopolska]] during two years (1892–1894). Ryszard then became a [[vicar]] at the [[Gniezno Cathedral]].
He was first a "manservant" "({{langx|pl|mansjonarz}})", i.e. below the rank of priest in the [[hierarchy of the Catholic Church]], in [[Środa Wielkopolska]] during two years (1892–1894). Ryszard then became a [[vicar]] at the [[Gniezno Cathedral]].


Between 1894 and 1899, he worked as a priest in the [[German Army (German Empire)| German imperial army]]. He transfered as parish priest to the garrison church in [[Magdeburg]], then moved as the [[military chaplain]] of the [[7th Division (German Empire)|7th division]], billeted in [[Berlin]].
Between 1894 and 1899, he worked as a priest in the [[German Army (German Empire)|German imperial army]]. He transferred as parish priest to the garrison church in [[Magdeburg]], then moved as the [[military chaplain]] of the [[7th Division (German Empire)|7th division]], billeted in [[Berlin]].


During this period, he permanently showed support to Polish national activities, in particular by actively participating in meetings and happenings organised by Polish organizations in [[Berlin]]. Concurrently, Markwart expressed tactfulness towards German Catholics, gaining also their sympathy.
During this period, he permanently showed support to Polish national activities, in particular by actively participating in meetings and happenings organised by Polish organizations in [[Berlin]]. Concurrently, Markwart expressed tactfulness towards German Catholics, gaining also their sympathy.
Line 74: Line 72:
==Activities in Bydgoszcz==
==Activities in Bydgoszcz==
In 1899, the parish church in Bydgoszcz lost his priest, Father Józef Choraszewski. To replace him, [[Florian Stablewski]], the serving [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gniezno|archbishop of Gniezno]], supported Markwart candidacy for the position of [[parson]] of the only catholic parish of Bromberg.<ref>
In 1899, the parish church in Bydgoszcz lost his priest, Father Józef Choraszewski. To replace him, [[Florian Stablewski]], the serving [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gniezno|archbishop of Gniezno]], supported Markwart candidacy for the position of [[parson]] of the only catholic parish of Bromberg.<ref>
{{cite web |url=http://www.portalkujawski.pl/bydgoszcz/item/17051-ksiadz-markwart-o-niemieckim-nazwisku-w-zylach-mial-polska-krew |title=Ksiądz Markwart o niemieckim nazwisku, w żyłach miał polską krew |last=Ł.R.|first=|date=19 January 2020|website=portalkujawski.pl |publisher=Portalkujawski |access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref>
{{cite web |url=http://www.portalkujawski.pl/bydgoszcz/item/17051-ksiadz-markwart-o-niemieckim-nazwisku-w-zylach-mial-polska-krew |title=Ksiądz Markwart o niemieckim nazwisku, w żyłach miał polską krew |last=Ł.R.|date=19 January 2020|website=portalkujawski.pl |publisher=Portalkujawski |access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref>
[[File:Bdg Sem Duch 3 07-2013.jpg|thumb|Old town {{lang|de|realschule}}]]
⚫
With the tacit agreement of the German authorities, Ryszard Markwart was nominated to this place on 15 November 1899.<ref name="Pom"/>
⚫
As the parish priest of Bydgoszcz, he [[catechism|taught religion]] in the two existing {{lang|de|[[realschule]]s}} of the city: in downtown (today's [[High School No. 1, Bydgoszcz|High School Nr.1]]) and in the old town (today's High Seminary of Bydgoszcz Diocese at 18 [[Grodzka Street in Bydgoszcz|Grodzka Street]]).


⚫
Like his predecessor Józef Choraszewski, Father Markwart faced constant challenges to provide pastoral care in his vast and populous parish. To overcome the issue, he constantly leveraged to have another church built in his city. The project designed by architect Roger Sławski will be eventually carried out in autumn 1912: the ''Church of the Holy Trinity'' was [[Consecration|consecrated]] on 18 May 1913 by [[Gniezno]] [[suffragan bishop]] Wilhelm Kloske.<ref>{{cite book |last=Klause|first=Gabriela|date=2008|title=Kościół pw. św. Trójcy w Bydgoszczy – dzieło Rogera Sławskiego|location=Bydgoszcz |publisher=Pracownia Dokumentacji i Popularyzacji Zabytków Wojewódzkiego Ośrodka Kultury w Bydgoszczy|page=206}}</ref>
⚫
With the tacit agreement of the German authorities, Ryszard Markwart was nominated to this place on November 15, 1899.<ref name="Pom"/>
⚫
As the parish priest of Bydgoszcz, he [[catechism|taught religion]] in the two existing [[realschule]]s of the city: in downtown (today's [[High School No. 1, Bydgoszcz|High School No. 1]]) and in the old town (today's High Seminary of Bydgoszcz Diocese at 18 [[Grodzka Street in Bydgoszcz|Grodzka Street]]).

⚫
Like his predecessor Józef Choraszewski, Father Markwart faced constant challenges to provide pastoral care in his vast and populous parish. To overcome the issue, he constantely leveraged to have another church built in his city. The project designed by architect Roger Sławski will be eventually carried out in autumn 1912: the ''Church of the Holy Trinity'' was [[Consecration|consecrated]] on May 18, 1913, by [[Gniezno]] [[suffragan bishop]] Wilhelm Kloske.<ref>{{cite book |last=Klause|first=Gabriela|date=2008|title=Kościół pw. św. Trójcy w Bydgoszczy – dzieło Rogera Sławskiego|location=Bydgoszcz |publisher=Pracownia Dokumentacji i Popularyzacji Zabytków Wojewódzkiego Ośrodka Kultury w Bydgoszczy|page=206}}</ref>


In 1904, the archbishop of Gniezno granted him the title of "honorary clerical counselor".<ref name="MJ"/>
In 1904, the archbishop of Gniezno granted him the title of "honorary clerical counselor".<ref name="MJ"/>


In 1906, he founded the ''Nowofarny Cemetery'' at Artyleryjska Street, since the old cemetery (''Starofarny Cemetery'') had reached its full capacity.
In 1906, he founded the ''Nowofarny Cemetery'' at Artyleryjska Street, since the old cemetery (''[[Starofarny Cemetery in Bydgoszcz|Starofarny Cemetery]]'') had reached its full capacity.


Ryszard Markwart died on August 16, 1906, in [[Międzyzdroje]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wtg-gniazdo.org/ksieza/main.php?akcja=opis&id=2767 |title=Ryszard Markwart |last=|first=|date=2020|website=wtg-gniazdo.org |publisher=Wielkopolskiego Towarzystwa Genealogicznego „Gniazdo” |access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref> while swimming in the [[Baltic Sea]]. He was buried at the ''Nowofarny Cemetery'', in a ceremony attended by a multitude of Polish inhabitants of Bydgoszcz and its surroundings.<ref name="BK"/>
To improve his health, Ryszard Markwart went to the health resort of [[Międzyzdroje]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Wysocka |first=Agnieszka |date=2023 |title=Projekt architektoniczno-krajobrazowy cmentarza Nowofarnego w Bydgoszczy i początki istnienia nekropolii (1905–1920). Kronika Bydgoska XLIV |trans-title=Architectural and landscape design of the Nowofarny cemetery in Bydgoszcz and the beginnings of the necropolis (1905–1920) - Kronika Bydgoska XLIV |language=pl |location=Bydgoszcz |publisher=Towarzystwo Miłośników Miasta Bydgoszczy|pages=}}</ref> on the [[Baltic Sea]], where he died on 16 August 1906,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wtg-gniazdo.org/ksieza/main.php?akcja=opis&id=2767 |title=Ryszard Markwart |last=|first=|date=2020|website=wtg-gniazdo.org |publisher=Wielkopolskiego Towarzystwa Genealogicznego „Gniazdo” |access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref> while swimming.
He was buried at the ''Nowofarny Cemetery'', in a ceremony attended by a multitude of Polish inhabitants of Bydgoszcz and its surroundings.<ref name="BK"/>


== Polish activist ==
== Polish activist ==
[[File:Dziennik Poznański 1906.08.18 R.48 nr187 Page 5.jpg|thumb|R. Markwart funerals in "Dziennik Poznański 1906"]]
In addition to his minister work, he additionally supervised the religious and [[Charitable organization|charity]] associations of the parish. In particular, Ryszard Markwart took extra care of the "Polish-Catholic Workers' Society" ({{lang-pl|Towarzystwo Robotników Polsko-Katolickich}}), reactivated in 1892, which championed patriotism and Polish culture. Under his patronage, the institution joined the "Union of Workers' Societies" ({{lang-pl|Związek Robotników Polskich}}) in 1904 in Poznań. The Polish-Catholic Workers' Society had a rich library, allowing to promote the Polish language among Bydgoszcz inhabitants. It distributed the Polish press, conducted lively lecture activities and provided Polish catechism and historical story books to children from poor families.<ref name="MJ">
In addition to his minister work, he additionally supervised the religious and [[Charitable organization|charity]] associations of the parish. In particular, Ryszard Markwart took extra care of the "Polish-Catholic Workers' Society" ({{langx|pl|Towarzystwo Robotników Polsko-Katolickich}}), reactivated in 1892, which championed patriotism and Polish culture. Under his patronage, the institution joined the "Union of Workers' Societies" ({{langx|pl|Związek Robotników Polskich}}) in 1904 in Poznań. The Polish-Catholic Workers' Society had a rich library, allowing to promote the Polish language among Bydgoszcz inhabitants. It distributed the Polish press, conducted lively lecture activities and provided Polish catechism and historical story books to children from poor families.<ref name="MJ">
{{cite web |url=https://www.przewodnik-katolicki.pl/Archiwum/2005/Przewodnik-Katolicki-14-2005/Diecezja-Bydgoska/Ks-Ryszarda-Markwarta |title=Ks. Ryszarda Markwarta |last=Jarzembowski|first=Marcin |date=2018|website=przewodnik-katolicki.pl |publisher=Święty Wojciech Dom Medialny sp. z o.o. |access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref>
{{cite web |url=https://www.przewodnik-katolicki.pl/Archiwum/2005/Przewodnik-Katolicki-14-2005/Diecezja-Bydgoska/Ks-Ryszarda-Markwarta |title=Ks. Ryszarda Markwarta |last=Jarzembowski|first=Marcin |date=2018|website=przewodnik-katolicki.pl |publisher=Święty Wojciech Dom Medialny sp. z o.o. |access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref>


Feeling deep attachements to his mother Polish roots he had changed his birth name ''Richard Marquardt'' to ''Ryszard Markwart''.<ref name="BK">
Feeling deep attachments to his mother Polish roots he had changed his birth name ''Richard Marquardt'' to ''Ryszard Markwart''.<ref name="BK">
{{cite web |url=https://expressbydgoski.pl/bydgoskie-zalobne-pochody/ar/11169580 |title=Bydgoskie żałobne pochody |last=Błażejewski |first=Krzysztof |date=15 April 2010 |website=expressbydgoski.pl |publisher=Polska Press Sp. z o. o. |access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref>
{{cite web |url=https://expressbydgoski.pl/bydgoskie-zalobne-pochody/ar/11169580 |title=Bydgoskie żałobne pochody |last=Błażejewski |first=Krzysztof |date=15 April 2010 |website=expressbydgoski.pl |publisher=Polska Press Sp. z o. o. |access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref>


Actually, he combined the pastoral work with an dynamic support to national activities among Polish inhabitants. In this matter, he became in 1905 a member of the Bydgoszcz board of the "[[Karol Marcinkowski|K. Marcinkowski]] Society for Scientific Support", established in 1841 by Marcinkowski and Maciej Mielżyński in [[Prussian Partition|Prussian occupied Poland]]. Additionally he participated to the "Straż" organization, which opposed the [[Germanisation]] policy of the ruling authorities.<ref name="MJ"/>
Actually, he combined the pastoral work with a dynamic support to national activities among Polish inhabitants. In this matter, he became in 1905 a member of the Bydgoszcz board of the "[[Karol Marcinkowski|K. Marcinkowski]] Society for Scientific Support", established in 1841 by Marcinkowski and Maciej Mielżyński in [[Prussian Partition|Prussian occupied Poland]]. Additionally he participated to the "Straż" organization, which opposed the [[Germanisation]] policy of the ruling authorities.<ref name="MJ"/>


This national [[activism]] aroused suspicion then opposition from German nationalists. They informed the institutions of the [[Bromberg (region)|Bromberg region]], claiming falsely that Father Markwart defied the law by teaching religion lessons in Polish. In parallel, German catholics in [[Bydgoszcz|Bromberg]], having been denied by Ryszard the possibility to create a separate parish church, asked for his departure from the city in 1904. However these slanders and other requests did not reach any result, in particular because of Markwart unexpected death.
This national [[activism]] aroused suspicion then opposition from German nationalists. They informed the institutions of the [[Bromberg (region)|Bromberg region]], claiming falsely that Father Markwart defied the law by teaching religion lessons in Polish. In parallel, German Catholics in [[Bydgoszcz|Bromberg]], having been denied by Ryszard the possibility to create a separate parish church, asked for his departure from the city in 1904. However these slanders and other requests did not reach any result, in particular because of Markwart unexpected death.


==Recognitions==
==Recognitions==
After 1920, a street in Bydgoszcz Śródmieście district was named after him.<ref name="MJ">
After 1920, a street in Bydgoszcz Śródmieście district was named after him.<ref>
{{cite web |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20120428193436/http://www.bydgoszcz.pl/miasto/poznaj_miasto/Bydgoska_Aleja_Zasluzonych.aspx?page=8 |title=Bydgoska Aleja Zasłużonych |last=|first=|date=2010|website=bydgoszcz.pl |publisher=Miasto Bydgoszcz |access-date=4 June 2021}}</ref>
{{cite web |url=http://www.bydgoszcz.pl/miasto/poznaj_miasto/Bydgoska_Aleja_Zasluzonych.aspx?page=8 |title=Bydgoska Aleja Zasłużonych |last=|first=|date=2010|website=bydgoszcz.pl |publisher=Miasto Bydgoszcz |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428193436/http://www.bydgoszcz.pl/miasto/poznaj_miasto/Bydgoska_Aleja_Zasluzonych.aspx?page=8 |access-date=4 June 2021|archive-date=2012-04-28 }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
{{portal bar|Biography|Poland}}
{{Commons category|Ryszard Markwart}}
{{Commons category|Ryszard Markwart}}
* [[Bydgoszcz]]
* [[Bydgoszcz]]
Line 108: Line 109:
* [[Church of the Holy Trinity, Bydgoszcz]]
* [[Church of the Holy Trinity, Bydgoszcz]]
* [[Markwarta street in Bydgoszcz]]
* [[Markwarta street in Bydgoszcz]]
* [[List of Polish people]]
* [[Starofarny Cemetery in Bydgoszcz]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{inlang|pl}}


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
* {{inlang|pl}} {{cite book |last=Błażejewski Stanisław, Kutta Janusz |first=Romaniuk Marek |date=1995 |title=Bydgoski Słownik Biograficzny. Tom II. |location=Bydgoszcz |publisher=Kujawsko-Pomorskie Towarzystwo Kulturalne Wojewódzki Ośrodek Kultury |pages=100-101 |isbn=8385327274}}
* {{inlang|pl}} {{cite book |last=Błażejewski Stanisław, Kutta Janusz |first=Romaniuk Marek |date=1995 |title=Bydgoski Słownik Biograficzny. Tom II. |location=Bydgoszcz |publisher=Kujawsko-Pomorskie Towarzystwo Kulturalne Wojewódzki Ośrodek Kultury |pages=100–101 |isbn=8385327274}}


{{Bydgoszcz personages}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Markwart, Ryszard}}
[[Category:1868 births]]
[[Category:1868 births]]
[[Category:1906 deaths]]
[[Category:1906 deaths]]
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[[Category:Polish Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:Polish Roman Catholic priests]]
[[Category:University of Greifswald alumni]]
[[Category:University of Greifswald alumni]]
[[Category:University of Würzburg faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Würzburg]]
[[Category:University of Münster faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Münster]]

Latest revision as of 14:44, 10 November 2024

Father Ryszard Markwart
Father Markwart tombstone, Bydgoszcz
Father Markwart tombstone, Bydgoszcz
Born(1868-09-09)9 September 1868
Ostróda, German Empire
Died16 August 1906(1906-08-16) (aged 37)
Międzyzdroje, German Empire
Burial placeNowofarny cemetery, Bydgoszcz
NationalityGerman  German Empire, Polish  Poland
OccupationPriest
ReligionCatholic Church
ChurchLatin Church

Ryszard Markwart, or Richard Marquardt (1868-1906) was a German-Polish catholic priest and Polish national activist who served in Magdeburg, Berlin and Bydgoszcz.

Early life and occupations

[edit]

Richard Marquardt was born on 9 September 1868 in Ostróda, then part of the German Empire, from a Polish-German family.[1]

His father was a German of the Evangelical faith and worked as a veterinarian. His mother Norberta was a Polish Roman Catholic woman. She had the most influence on Ryszard and was critical to shape her son's attachment to Polishness and Catholic faith.[2]

Gniezno Cathedral

After graduating from gymnasium, he attended lectures at different universities:

Furthermore, Markwart was educated in theological seminaries in Poznań and Gniezno. He finally received ordination in Gniezno.[3]

He was first a "manservant" "(Polish: mansjonarz)", i.e. below the rank of priest in the hierarchy of the Catholic Church, in Środa Wielkopolska during two years (1892–1894). Ryszard then became a vicar at the Gniezno Cathedral.

Between 1894 and 1899, he worked as a priest in the German imperial army. He transferred as parish priest to the garrison church in Magdeburg, then moved as the military chaplain of the 7th division, billeted in Berlin.

During this period, he permanently showed support to Polish national activities, in particular by actively participating in meetings and happenings organised by Polish organizations in Berlin. Concurrently, Markwart expressed tactfulness towards German Catholics, gaining also their sympathy.

Activities in Bydgoszcz

[edit]

In 1899, the parish church in Bydgoszcz lost his priest, Father Józef Choraszewski. To replace him, Florian Stablewski, the serving archbishop of Gniezno, supported Markwart candidacy for the position of parson of the only catholic parish of Bromberg.[4]

Old town realschule

With the tacit agreement of the German authorities, Ryszard Markwart was nominated to this place on 15 November 1899.[3] As the parish priest of Bydgoszcz, he taught religion in the two existing realschules of the city: in downtown (today's High School Nr.1) and in the old town (today's High Seminary of Bydgoszcz Diocese at 18 Grodzka Street).

Like his predecessor Józef Choraszewski, Father Markwart faced constant challenges to provide pastoral care in his vast and populous parish. To overcome the issue, he constantly leveraged to have another church built in his city. The project designed by architect Roger Sławski will be eventually carried out in autumn 1912: the Church of the Holy Trinity was consecrated on 18 May 1913 by Gniezno suffragan bishop Wilhelm Kloske.[5]

In 1904, the archbishop of Gniezno granted him the title of "honorary clerical counselor".[6]

In 1906, he founded the Nowofarny Cemetery at Artyleryjska Street, since the old cemetery (Starofarny Cemetery) had reached its full capacity.

To improve his health, Ryszard Markwart went to the health resort of Międzyzdroje[7] on the Baltic Sea, where he died on 16 August 1906,[8] while swimming. He was buried at the Nowofarny Cemetery, in a ceremony attended by a multitude of Polish inhabitants of Bydgoszcz and its surroundings.[9]

Polish activist

[edit]
R. Markwart funerals in "Dziennik Poznański 1906"

In addition to his minister work, he additionally supervised the religious and charity associations of the parish. In particular, Ryszard Markwart took extra care of the "Polish-Catholic Workers' Society" (Polish: Towarzystwo Robotników Polsko-Katolickich), reactivated in 1892, which championed patriotism and Polish culture. Under his patronage, the institution joined the "Union of Workers' Societies" (Polish: Związek Robotników Polskich) in 1904 in Poznań. The Polish-Catholic Workers' Society had a rich library, allowing to promote the Polish language among Bydgoszcz inhabitants. It distributed the Polish press, conducted lively lecture activities and provided Polish catechism and historical story books to children from poor families.[6]

Feeling deep attachments to his mother Polish roots he had changed his birth name Richard Marquardt to Ryszard Markwart.[9]

Actually, he combined the pastoral work with a dynamic support to national activities among Polish inhabitants. In this matter, he became in 1905 a member of the Bydgoszcz board of the "K. Marcinkowski Society for Scientific Support", established in 1841 by Marcinkowski and Maciej Mielżyński in Prussian occupied Poland. Additionally he participated to the "Straż" organization, which opposed the Germanisation policy of the ruling authorities.[6]

This national activism aroused suspicion then opposition from German nationalists. They informed the institutions of the Bromberg region, claiming falsely that Father Markwart defied the law by teaching religion lessons in Polish. In parallel, German Catholics in Bromberg, having been denied by Ryszard the possibility to create a separate parish church, asked for his departure from the city in 1904. However these slanders and other requests did not reach any result, in particular because of Markwart unexpected death.

Recognitions

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After 1920, a street in Bydgoszcz Śródmieście district was named after him.[10]

See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ryszard Markwart.

References

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  1. ^ km (16 August 2013). "Proboszcz fary utonął w falach Bałtyku". pomorska.pl. Polska Press Sp. z o. o. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  2. ^ Ł.R. (19 January 2020). "Ksiądz Markwart o niemieckim nazwisku, w żyłach miał polską krew". portalkujawski.pl. Portalkujawski. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  3. ^ a b Opr (4 August 2005). "Ks. Ryszard Markwart". pomorska.pl. Polska Press Sp. z o. o. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  4. ^ Ł.R. (19 January 2020). "Ksiądz Markwart o niemieckim nazwisku, w żyłach miał polską krew". portalkujawski.pl. Portalkujawski. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  5. ^ Klause, Gabriela (2008). Kościół pw. św. Trójcy w Bydgoszczy – dzieło Rogera Sławskiego. Bydgoszcz: Pracownia Dokumentacji i Popularyzacji Zabytków Wojewódzkiego Ośrodka Kultury w Bydgoszczy. p. 206.
  6. ^ a b c Jarzembowski, Marcin (2018). "Ks. Ryszarda Markwarta". przewodnik-katolicki.pl. Święty Wojciech Dom Medialny sp. z o.o. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  7. ^ Wysocka, Agnieszka (2023). Projekt architektoniczno-krajobrazowy cmentarza Nowofarnego w Bydgoszczy i początki istnienia nekropolii (1905–1920). Kronika Bydgoska XLIV [Architectural and landscape design of the Nowofarny cemetery in Bydgoszcz and the beginnings of the necropolis (1905–1920) - Kronika Bydgoska XLIV] (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłośników Miasta Bydgoszczy.
  8. ^ "Ryszard Markwart". wtg-gniazdo.org. Wielkopolskiego Towarzystwa Genealogicznego „Gniazdo”. 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  9. ^ a b Błażejewski, Krzysztof (15 April 2010). "Bydgoskie żałobne pochody". expressbydgoski.pl. Polska Press Sp. z o. o. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  10. ^ "Bydgoska Aleja Zasłużonych". bydgoszcz.pl. Miasto Bydgoszcz. 2010. Archived from the original on 2012-04-28. Retrieved 4 June 2021.

Bibliography

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  • (in Polish) Błażejewski Stanisław, Kutta Janusz, Romaniuk Marek (1995). Bydgoski Słownik Biograficzny. Tom II. Bydgoszcz: Kujawsko-Pomorskie Towarzystwo Kulturalne Wojewódzki Ośrodek Kultury. pp. 100–101. ISBN 8385327274.
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