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{{Short description|Serbian honorific}} |
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[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-19400-0029, Berlin, Marx-Engels-Platz, Demonstration.jpg|thumb|Vozhdes of the world's proletariat: Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin ([[International Workers' Day|1 May]] 1953, [[Berlin]], [[East Germany|GDR]]).]] |
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{{Italic title}} |
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[[File:Огонек 1934.JPG|thumb|''[[Ogoniok]]'' 1934 cover featuring portraits of Stalin and [[Maxim Gorky|Gorky]] with a text that ends: "Thus did Comrade Stalin, beloved Vozhd of the world's proletariat, define the role of the Soviet writer"]] |
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{{Multiple issues| |
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'''Vozhd''' ({{lang-ru|Вождь|lit=[[Supreme leader|leader]], [[guide]]}}) is a Russian [[Old Church Slavonic|Church Slavonic]] loanword derived from the verb ''vesti'' ({{lang|ru|вести}}, meaning "to lead", "to guide"). |
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{{notability|date=November 2024}} |
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{{dicdef|date=November 2024}} |
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{{unreferenced|date=November 2024}} |
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}} |
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A '''''vozhd''''' (romanised from [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]], [[Russian language|Russian]] and {{langx|uk|вождь}}, also [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] and {{langx|sr|вожд|'''vožd'''|label=[[Serbo-Croatian]]}},{{efn|{{wikt-lang|sh|vožd}} is a loanword from Russian. Not to be confused with the regular Serbo-Croatian noun {{wikt-lang|sh|vođa}}.}} {{langx|cs|'''vůdce'''}}, {{langx|pl|'''wódz'''}}, {{langx|sk|'''vodca'''}}, or {{langx|sl|'''vodja'''}}), literally meaning "the [[guide]]sperson" or "the leader", is a historical title with [[etymology]] deriving from the [[Proto-Slavic]] ''*voďь'' and thus common across [[Slavic languages]]. It denoted a [[chieftain]] of a [[tribe]]. |
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In [[Serbia]], |
In [[Serbia]], that title was given to [[Karađorđe Petrović]] by all the [[voivode]]s who elected him to be their leader at their first ''Praviteljstvujušći sovjet'' (Government Council) during the [[First Serbian uprising]] in the 19th century. As such Karađorđe was titled [[Grand Vožd of Serbia]]. |
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== Notes == |
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Later, in Russian, it was often used in reference to Soviet leaders such as [[Joseph Stalin]] or [[Lenin]] as '''Vozhd of the proletariat''' ({{lang-ru|Вождь пролетариата}}),<ref>[https://mir24.tv/news/16275518/zhizn-vozhdya-kak-lenin-stal-glavnym-revolyucionerom-strany The life of the Vozhd: how Lenin became the main revolutionary of the country (Жизнь вождя: как Ленин стал главным революционером страны)]. Mir 24. 2 November 2017</ref> Vozhd of the Russian Communist Party ({{lang-ru|Вождь Российской Коммунистической Партии}}),<ref>Stalin, I. ''[https://www.marxists.org/russkij/stalin/t4/lenin_as_organizer.htm Lenin as organizer and vozhd of RCP (Ленин как организатор и вождь РКП)]''. Marxist. December 2010</ref><ref>Stalin, I. ''[https://leninism.su/biography/4126-lenin-kak-organizator-i-vozhd-rkp.html Lenin as organizer and vozhd of RCP (Ленин как организатор и вождь РКП)]''. Leninism.</ref> Vozhd of the World Revolution ({{lang-ru|Вождь мировой революции}}),<ref>https://www.ozon.ru/context/detail/id/8533897/</ref> Vozhd of the Peoples ({{lang-ru|Вождь народов}}).<ref>[http://russiahousenews.info/politics-news/sssr-stalin-elcin-brezhnev-money Soviet vozhdi and their money (Советские вожди и их деньги)]. Russia House News</ref> |
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{{notelist}} |
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In modern Russian, ''vozhd'' became exclusive for Communist leaders or leaders of aboriginal tribes. The word is becoming somewhat obsolete and is being replaced{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} by its English version, "leader". In the German language, it is a counterpart to the word [[Führer]]. |
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After the East German cinema studio [[DEFA]] began mass-producing [[Red Western]] movies depicting the "[[Wild West]]" in the 18th and 19th centuries, the term '''vozhd''' became closely associated with [[tribal chief]]s of Native Americans (such as ''Vozhd Beloye Pero'', i. e. Chief White Feather.) |
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''Vozhd'' also has connotations to "master" in the Russian language, from the days of [[serfdom]].<ref>Stalin, Court of the Red Tsar - Simon Sebag-Montefiore</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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[[Category:Russian words and phrases]] |
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==External links== |
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[[Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership]] |
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* [http://www.savok.org/vozhdi-sssr/ Vozhdi CCCP] at Savok.org |
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[[Category:Joseph Stalin]] |
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[[Category:Vladimir Lenin]] |
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[[Category:Communist rulers]] |
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[[Category:Honorary titles]] |
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{{Russia-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 13:33, 8 November 2024
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A vozhd (romanised from Belarusian, Russian and Ukrainian: вождь, also Bulgarian, Macedonian and Serbo-Croatian: вожд, romanized: vožd,[a] Czech: vůdce, Polish: wódz, Slovak: vodca, or Slovene: vodja), literally meaning "the guidesperson" or "the leader", is a historical title with etymology deriving from the Proto-Slavic *voďь and thus common across Slavic languages. It denoted a chieftain of a tribe.
In Serbia, that title was given to Karađorđe Petrović by all the voivodes who elected him to be their leader at their first Praviteljstvujušći sovjet (Government Council) during the First Serbian uprising in the 19th century. As such Karađorđe was titled Grand Vožd of Serbia.