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Veterinary pharmacist

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+#REDIRECT [[Veterinary pharmacist]]
-{{also|Animal feed|Medicated feed}}
-'''Veterinary pharmacy''' is a field of [[pharmacy]] practice, in which [[veterinary pharmacist]]s may [[Compounding|compound]] medications, fill prescriptions, and manage drug therapies for animals.<ref name="Ceresia_2009">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ceresia ML, Fasser CE, Rush JE, Scheife RT, Orcutt CJ, Michalski DL, Mazan MR, Dorsey MT, Bernardi SP | title = The role and education of the veterinary pharmacist | journal = American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education | volume = 73 | issue = 1 | pages = 16 | date = February 2009 | pmid = 19513154 | pmc = 2690882 | doi = 10.5688/aj730116 }}</ref> Veterinary pharmacists are licensed pharmacists who specialize in the distribution of medications for animals.<ref name="Ceresia_2009" /> This article deals with the veterinary pharmacopeia.
+{{R from merge}}
-== History ==
-In the '''United States''', The first mention of veterinary pharmacy may date back to around 1960, when literature was published synthesizing veterinary medicine and antibiotic usage.<ref name="Ceresia_2009" /> The role of a pharmacist in veterinary practice has expanded largely due to the workings of drug company production methods, in addition to prices of veterinary medication.<ref name="O'Driscoll_2015" /> For instance, veterinarians historically compounded medications for their patients themselves, due to a lack of commercially available veterinary medications.<ref name="O'Driscoll_2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = O'Driscoll NH, Labovitiadi O, Lamb AJ | date= September 2015 |title=Evaluation of the practice of veterinary pharmacy|journal=Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning|language=en|volume=7|issue=5|pages=606–613|doi=10.1016/j.cptl.2015.06.017 | hdl= 10059/1402 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> While this has changed, with multiple drug companies such as [[Merck Animal Health]] selling $3.3 billion worth of drugs for pets and livestock, due to expensive approvals necessary from the [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA), most drugs are often approved for one particular type of patient.<ref name="O'Driscoll_2015" /> As drugs may be approved for simply one species, compounding is extremely beneficial in veterinary medicine. Under the [[Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act]], medicines may be compounded to fit the needs of more than one type of animal.<ref name="O'Driscoll_2015" /> Pharmacists are therefore valuable to veterinarians in their extensive knowledge of [[pharmacokinetics]] and [[pharmacology]]. An increasing number of pharmacies are stocking animal medications,<ref name="Magnifico_2017">{{cite news | first1 = Thomas A. | last1 = Magnifico | first2 = Adam M. | last2 = King | name-list-style = vanc | date = May 2017 | url = http://www.pharmacytimes.com/resource-centers/veterinary-pharmacy/understanding-the-veterinary-patient | title = Understanding the Veterinary Patient|work=Pharmacy Times|access-date=2018-02-12}}</ref> which might require modification to best treat their animal patients. For instance, according to the FDA, 75,000 pharmacies compounded 6,350,000 medications for animal patients.<ref name="Davidson_2017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Davidson G | title = Veterinary Compounding: Regulation, Challenges, and Resources | journal = Pharmaceutics | volume = 9 | issue = 1 | pages = 5 | date = January 2017 | pmid = 28075379 | pmc = 5374371 | doi = 10.3390/pharmaceutics9010005 }}</ref> Additionally, veterinary pharmacy has gained prominence due to pricing of veterinary medication. As pet owners advocated for more options for their pets' medications in the US, the [[Fairness to Pet Owners Act]] was introduced into Congress, and would allow pet owners to find the cheapest medication for their pet.<ref name="Frankel_2016">{{cite journal | vauthors = Frankel G, Kusno A, Louizos C | title = Five things every community pharmacist should know when dispensing for 4-legged patients | journal = Canadian Pharmacists Journal | volume = 149 | issue = 2 | pages = 99–106 | date = March 2016 | pmid = 27076821 | pmc = 4813516 | doi = 10.1177/1715163516628543 }}</ref>
+[[Category:Animal disease control]]
-In the '''United Kingdom''' pharmacists  were involved in dispensing veterinary prescriptions and even treating and euthanasing small animals up to the early 1950s but this activity largely ceased with the escalating requirements of human health under the growing [[National Health Service]] and the passing of the [[Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966]]. There were a few pharmacies that supplied farmers but it was not until the late 1970s when the term '''Veterinary Pharmacist''' came into currency. In 1981 the [[RPSGB Diploma]] course in Veterinary pharmacy was initiated by professionals such as Michael Jepson and Steven Kayne, the former of whom led what was to become an institution until he retired in 2004.<ref name="vpalaunch">{{cite news |title=Launching the VPA |url=http://www.vpa.education/launch/ |access-date=3 April 2021 |publisher=The Veterinary Pharmacy Association}}</ref>
-==Regulators==
-* [[USDA]]
-* [[CFIA]]
-* [[EMA]]
-* [[Veterinary Medicines Directorate]]
-== References ==
-{{Reflist|32em}}
-[[Category:Veterinary medicine]]
-[[Category:Pharmacy]]
-[[Category:History of veterinary medicine]]
 [[Category:Animal health]]
 [[Category:Animal husbandry]]
+[[Category:Animal trade]]
+[[Category:History of veterinary medicine]]
 [[Category:Medicated feed]]
+[[Category:Pharmacy]]
+[[Category:Veterinary medicine]]