Nakhon Ratchasima: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
No edit summary Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
GreenC bot (talk | contribs) Rescued 1 archive link; reformat 1 link. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:USURPURL and JUDI batch #20 |
||
| (65 intermediate revisions by 41 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{About|the city|the province|Nakhon Ratchasima province}} |
|||
{{redirect|Khorat|other uses|Khorat (disambiguation)}} |
|||
{{More citations needed|date=April 2016}} |
{{More citations needed|date=April 2016}} |
||
{{About|the city|the province|Nakhon Ratchasima Province|the cat breed originating from this city|Korat}} |
|||
{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
||
|name |
| name = Nakhon Ratchasima |
||
|official_name |
| official_name = City of Nakhon Ratchasima<br>เทศบาลนครนครราชสีมา |
||
| |
| native_name = {{lang|th|นครราชสีมา}} |
||
| other_name = Korat |
|||
|nativekmmm77_name = {{lang|th|นครราชสีมา}} |
|||
|nickname |
| nickname = |
||
|settlement_type |
| settlement_type = [[List of municipalities in Thailand|City municipality]] |
||
|motto |
| motto = |
||
|image_skyline |
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage |
||
| photo1a = |
| photo1a = Nakhon Ratchasima banner.jpg |
||
| photo2a = |
| photo2a = Thao Suranaree Statue Korat Thailand.JPG |
||
| photo2b = |
| photo2b = ナコーンラーチャシーマー駅.jpg |
||
| photo3a = |
| photo3a = Koratfootball.jpg |
||
| photo3b = |
| photo3b = 2019 02 Central Mall Korat exterior.jpg |
||
| size = 270 |
| size = 270 |
||
| position = center |
| position = center |
||
| Line 20: | Line 21: | ||
| color = transparent |
| color = transparent |
||
| border = 0 |
| border = 0 |
||
| foot_montage = |
| foot_montage = From top left: View of Nakhon Ratchasima, monument of Thao Suranari with the Chumphon Gate in the background, [[Nakhon Ratchasima railway station]], [[80th Birthday Stadium]] and Central Korat |
||
}} |
}} |
||
|imagesize |
| imagesize = |
||
| image_caption = |
|||
| |
| image_flag = |
||
| |
| flag_size = |
||
| |
| image_seal = Seal of Nakhon Ratchasima.png |
||
| seal_size = |
|||
|image_seal = Seal of Nakhon Ratchasima.png |
|||
| |
| image_shield = |
||
| |
| shield_size = |
||
| image_blank_emblem = |
|||
|shield_size = |
|||
| blank_emblem_type = |
|||
|image_blank_emblem = |
|||
| blank_emblem_size = |
|||
|blank_emblem_type = |
|||
| |
| image_map = |
||
| |
| mapsize = |
||
| |
| map_caption = |
||
| |
| image_map1 = |
||
| |
| mapsize1 = |
||
| |
| map_caption1 = |
||
| |
| pushpin_map = Thailand |
||
| pushpin_label_position = left |
|||
|pushpin_map = Thailand |
|||
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Thailand]] |
|||
|pushpin_label_position = left |
|||
| pushpin_mapsize = 250 |
|||
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Thailand]] |
|||
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |
|||
|pushpin_mapsize = 250 |
|||
| subdivision_name = {{THA}} |
|||
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |
|||
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Thailand|Province]] |
|||
|subdivision_name = {{THA}} |
|||
| subdivision_name1 = [[Nakhon Ratchasima province|Nakhon Ratchasima]] |
|||
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Thailand|Province]] |
|||
| subdivision_type2 = [[districts of Thailand|District]] |
|||
|subdivision_name1 = [[Nakhon Ratchasima Province|Nakhon Ratchasima]] |
|||
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima district|Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima]] |
|||
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Thailand|District]] |
|||
| subdivision_type3 = |
|||
|subdivision_name2 = [[Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima|Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima]] |
|||
| subdivision_name3 = |
|||
|subdivision_type3 = |
|||
| subdivision_type4 = |
|||
|subdivision_name3 = |
|||
| subdivision_name4 = |
|||
|subdivision_type4 = |
|||
| government_footnotes = |
|||
|subdivision_name4 = |
|||
| government_type = [[Thesaban nakhon#Cities|City municipality]] |
|||
|government_footnotes = |
|||
| leader_title = Mayor |
|||
|government_type = [[Thesaban nakhon#Cities|City municipality]] |
|||
| |
| leader_name = Surawuth Cherdchai |
||
| leader_title1 = Municipal Clerk |
|||
|leader_name = Surawuth Cherdchai |
|||
| leader_name1 = Arlom Tangtaku |
|||
|leader_title1 = Municipal Clerk |
|||
| leader_title2 = |
|||
|leader_name1 = Arlom Tangtaku |
|||
| |
| leader_name2 = |
||
| leader_title3 = |
|||
|leader_name2 = |
|||
| |
| leader_name3 = |
||
| leader_title4 = |
|||
|leader_name3 = |
|||
| |
| leader_name4 = |
||
| established_title = Settled |
|||
|leader_name4 = |
|||
| established_date = 1656 ([[Ayutthaya Kingdom|Ayutthaya Period]]) |
|||
|established_title = Settled |
|||
| established_title1 = [[Sukhaphiban|Sanitation]] |
|||
|established_date = 1656 ([[Ayutthaya Kingdom|Ayutthaya Period]]) |
|||
| established_date1 = 3 Jan 1908 |
|||
|established_title1 = [[Sukhaphiban|Sanitation]] |
|||
| established_title2 = [[Thesaban#Town municipality|Town]] |
|||
|established_date1 = 3 Jan 1908 |
|||
| established_date2 = 10 Dec 1935 |
|||
|established_title2 = [[Thesaban#Town municpality|Town]] |
|||
| established_title3 = [[Thesaban#City municipality|City]] |
|||
|established_date2 = 10 Dec 1935 |
|||
| established_date3 = 24 Sept 1995 |
|||
|established_title3 = [[Thesaban#City municipality|City]] |
|||
| area_magnitude = |
|||
|established_date3 = 24 Sept 1995 |
|||
| |
| unit_pref = metric |
||
| area_footnotes = |
|||
|unit_pref = metric |
|||
| |
| area_rank = 13th |
||
| area_total_km2 = 37.5 |
|||
|area_rank = 13th |
|||
| area_land_km2 = |
|||
|area_total_km2 = 37.5 |
|||
| area_water_km2 = |
|||
|area_land_km2 = |
|||
| area_total_sq_mi = |
|||
|area_water_km2 = |
|||
| area_land_sq_mi = |
|||
|area_total_sq_mi = |
|||
| area_water_sq_mi = |
|||
|area_land_sq_mi = |
|||
| area_water_percent = |
|||
|area_water_sq_mi = |
|||
| area_urban_km2 = 755.6 |
|||
|area_water_percent = |
|||
| area_urban_sq_mi = 291.73 |
|||
|area_urban_km2 = |
|||
| elevation_footnotes = |
|||
|area_urban_sq_mi = |
|||
| |
| elevation_m = 180 |
||
| population_footnotes = <ref name="TDD">{{cite web |url=http://stat.bora.dopa.go.th/stat/statnew/statTDD/ |script-title=th:รายงานสถิติจำนวนประชากรและบ้านประจำปี พ.ศ.2562 |date=31 December 2019 |department=Registration Office Department of the Interior, Ministry of the Interior |language=th |trans-title=Statistics, population and house statistics for the year 2019 |access-date=10 March 2020 |archive-date=14 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614102009/http://stat.bora.dopa.go.th/stat/statnew/statTDD/ |url-status=dead }} Archiving is not necessary because DOPA provides data from 1993 to future years.</ref> |
|||
|area_metro_sq_mi = 296.52 |
|||
| population_total = 126,391<br />(Registered residents) |
|||
|elevation_footnotes = |
|||
| population_as_of = 2019 |
|||
|elevation_m = 180 |
|||
| population_rank = 3rd (Urban) |
|||
|population_footnotes = <ref name="TDD">{{cite web |url=http://stat.bora.dopa.go.th/stat/statnew/statTDD/ |title=รายงานสถิติจำนวนประชากรและบ้านประจำปี พ.ศ.2562 |date=31 December 2019 |department=Registration Office Department of the Interior, Ministry of the Interior |language=th |trans-title=Statistics, population and house statistics for the year 2019 |access-date=10 March 2020 |postscript= , archiving is not necessary because DOPA provides data from 1993 to future years.}}</ref> |
|||
| population_density_km2 = 3,370 |
|||
|population_total = 126,391<br>(Registered residents) |
|||
| population_density_sq_mi = |
|||
|population_as_of = 2019 |
|||
| population_density_metro_sq_mi = |
|||
|population_rank = 9th |
|||
| population_urban = 466,098 |
|||
|population_density_km2 = 3,370 |
|||
| population_density_urban_km2 = 616.85 |
|||
|population_density_sq_mi = |
|||
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = |
|||
|population_metro = 444,023 |
|||
| population_demonym = |
|||
|population_density_metro_km2 = 578.17 |
|||
| population_note = |
|||
|population_density_metro_sq_mi = |
|||
| |
| timezone = [[Time in Thailand|ICT]] |
||
| utc_offset = +7 |
|||
|population_density_urban_km2 = |
|||
| timezone_DST = |
|||
|population_density_urban_sq_mi = |
|||
| utc_offset_DST = |
|||
|population_demonym = |
|||
| coordinates = {{coord|14|58|50|N|102|6|00|E|region:TH|display=inline}} |
|||
|population_note = |
|||
| |
| postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in Thailand|Postcode]] |
||
| |
| postal_code = 30000 |
||
| |
| area_code = 044 |
||
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Thailand|Calling code]] |
|||
|utc_offset_DST = |
|||
| |
| website = {{URL|koratcity.go.th}} |
||
| footnotes = |
|||
|postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in Thailand|Postcode]] |
|||
|postal_code = 30000 |
|||
|area_code = 044 |
|||
|area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Thailand|Calling code]] |
|||
|website = {{URL|koratcity.go.th}} |
|||
|footnotes = |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
'''Nakhon Ratchasima''' ({{ |
'''Nakhon Ratchasima''' ({{langx|th|นครราชสีมา}}, {{IPA|th|ná(ʔ).kʰɔ̄ːn râːt.t͡ɕʰā.sǐː.māː|pron}}) is the capital of [[Nakhon Ratchasima province]], the largest city in [[Isan|Northeastern Thailand]] and the [[List of municipalities in Thailand#Largest cities by urban population|third-largest city]] in [[Thailand]]. It is 250 km (155.43 mi) northeast of [[Bangkok]], one of the four major cities of [[Isan]] (Northeast Thailand), known as the "big four of Isan", and has a population of 466,098 people as of 2021. The city is commonly known as '''Korat''' ({{lang|th|โคราช}}, {{IPA|th|kʰōː.râːt|pron}}), a shortened form of its name. |
||
Korat is at the western edge of the [[Korat Plateau]]. Historically, it once marked the boundary between [[Laos|Lao]] and [[Thailand| |
Korat is at the western edge of the [[Korat Plateau]]. Historically, it once marked the boundary between [[Laos|Lao]] and [[Thailand|Siam]] territory. It is the gateway to the Lao-speaking northeast of Thailand. |
||
==Toponymy== |
==Toponymy== |
||
Archaeological evidence suggests that in [[Amphoe Sung Noen|Sung Noen District]] 32 km west of present-day Nakhon Ratchasima (Korat) there were two ancient towns called ''Sema'' ("[[Bai sema]]" ({{lang|th|ใบเสมา}}) are notable artifacts of the [[Korat plateau]]){{ |
Archaeological evidence suggests that in [[Amphoe Sung Noen|Sung Noen District]] 32 km west of present-day Nakhon Ratchasima (Korat) there were two ancient towns called ''Sema'' ("[[Bai sema]]" ({{lang|th|ใบเสมา}}) are notable artifacts of the [[Korat plateau]]){{citation needed|date=November 2019}} and ''Khorakapura''. ([[Pali]] ''púra'' becomes [[Sanskrit]] ''puri'', hence [[Thai language|Thai]] ({{lang|th-Latn|buri}}), all connoting the same as Thai ''[[mueang]]'': "city with [[defensive wall]]".) N The latter name was shortened to ''Nakhon Raj''. ({{lang|th-Latn|Nakhon}} ([[wikt:นคร|นคร]]) derives from [[Sanskrit]] ''nagara'' ({{lang|sa|नगर}}), "city"; {{lang|th-Latn|Raj}} ([[wikt:ราช|ราช]]), from Sanskrit [[:wikt:raj|Raj]], "[[wikt:sovereign|sovereign]].") The present city name is a [[portmanteau]] of ''Nakhon Raj'' and ''Sema''. |
||
The city is commonly known as "Korat" (Thai: โคราช), which is a short version of the ancient Khmer name "ankor raj". |
The city is commonly known as "Korat" (Thai: โคราช), which is a short version of the ancient Khmer name "ankor raj". |
||
| Line 130: | Line 127: | ||
Prior to the 14th century, the area of Nakhon Ratchasima was under [[Khmer empire]] [[suzerainty]] and known in [[Khmer language|Khmer]] as ''Angkor raj'', ''Nokor Reach Seyma'', or ''Nokor Reach Borei'', and ''Koreach''. [[Phimai]], to the north, was probably more important. |
Prior to the 14th century, the area of Nakhon Ratchasima was under [[Khmer empire]] [[suzerainty]] and known in [[Khmer language|Khmer]] as ''Angkor raj'', ''Nokor Reach Seyma'', or ''Nokor Reach Borei'', and ''Koreach''. [[Phimai]], to the north, was probably more important. |
||
King [[Narai]] of [[Ayutthaya Kingdom|Ayutthaya]] in the |
King [[Narai]] of [[Ayutthaya Kingdom|Ayutthaya]] in the 17th century, ordered a new city built on the site to serve as a [[fortification|stronghold]] on Ayutthaya's northeastern frontier. Nakhon Ratchasima was thereafter mentioned in Siamese chronicles and legal documents as a "second-class" city of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. A royal governor ruled the city in a hereditary position. |
||
After the [[Ayutthaya Kingdom#The final phase|final phase of the Ayutthaya kingdom]] ended with its [[Debellatio|complete destruction]] by the Burmese in 1767, a son of King [[Boromakot]] attempted to set himself up ruler in Phimai, holding sway over Korat and other eastern provinces. King [[Taksin]] of the [[Thonburi Kingdom]] (1768–1782) sent two of his generals, brothers [[Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke|Thong Duang]] and [[Maha Sura Singhanat|Boonma]], to defeat the prince, who was executed in 1768. Thong Duang later became King [[Rama (Kings of Thailand)|Rama]] I of the [[Rattanakosin Kingdom|kingdom]], and Korat became his strategic stronghold on the northeastern frontier to supervise the Lao and Khmer [[tributary state]]s. |
After the [[Ayutthaya Kingdom#The final phase|final phase of the Ayutthaya kingdom]] ended with its [[Debellatio|complete destruction]] by the Burmese in 1767, a son of King [[Boromakot]] attempted to set himself up ruler in Phimai, holding sway over Korat and other eastern provinces. King [[Taksin]] of the [[Thonburi Kingdom]] (1768–1782) sent two of his generals, brothers [[Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke|Thong Duang]] and [[Maha Sura Singhanat|Boonma]], to defeat the prince, who was executed in 1768. Thong Duang later became King [[Rama (Kings of Thailand)|Rama]] I of the [[Rattanakosin Kingdom|kingdom]], and Korat became his strategic stronghold on the northeastern frontier to supervise the Lao and Khmer [[tributary state]]s. |
||
| Line 136: | Line 133: | ||
[[File:2019 0211 Nakhon Ratchasima train station.jpg|thumb|250px|Nakhon Ratchasima Railway Station]] |
[[File:2019 0211 Nakhon Ratchasima train station.jpg|thumb|250px|Nakhon Ratchasima Railway Station]] |
||
In 1826, [[Vientiane]] King [[wikt:เจ้า|Chao]] [[Anouvong]], perceiving [[Rattanakosin Kingdom|Siam]] as weakened, attacked Korat in the [[Laotian Rebellion]] against King [[Rama III]] that was to rage on for two years.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chandler |first1=David P.|last2=Roff |first2=William R.|last3=Smail |first3=John R.W.|last4=Steinberg |first4=David Joel|last5=Taylor |first5=Robert H. |last6=Woodside |first6=Alexander |last7=Wyatt |first7=David K. |editor1-first=Steinberg |editor1-last=David |title= In search of south-east Asia|edition= Revised|year= 1987|orig- |
In 1826, [[Vientiane]] King [[wikt:เจ้า|Chao]] [[Anouvong]], perceiving [[Rattanakosin Kingdom|Siam]] as weakened, attacked Korat in the [[Laotian Rebellion]] against King [[Rama III]] that was to rage on for two years.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chandler |first1=David P.|last2=Roff |first2=William R.|last3=Smail |first3=John R.W.|last4=Steinberg |first4=David Joel|last5=Taylor |first5=Robert H. |last6=Woodside |first6=Alexander |last7=Wyatt |first7=David K. |editor1-first=Steinberg |editor1-last=David |title= In search of south-east Asia|edition= Revised|year= 1987|orig-date= 1971|publisher= University of Hawaii Press|location= Honolulu |isbn= 0-8248-1110-0|oclc= 500095794|pages=113–117 |chapter= 13 Siam, 1767–1868}}</ref> [[Thao Suranaree|Lady Mo]], the wife of the deputy governor at the time, is credited with having freed the city from Anouvong's army, and has been honored with a statue in the center of downtown Korat. A full account of the war and its impact on Laos and Siam, is detailed in the book, ''Lady Mo and Heroism at Tung Samrit'', written by Frank G Anderson. The city's old wall, east of the monument was designed and built by a French engineer who is believed to be the one who also built [[Narai]]maharaj Palace in [[Lopburi]]. The French-based design is reflected in the moat system that surrounds the innermost portion of the city.<!-- This needs sorting out. Narai was king from 1656 to 1688, so who was the Frenchman and what did he design? Maybe Korat's design was inspired by that of the palace? See this somewhat garbled account of the monument http://mrchevy.com/SuranareeMonument.htm --> |
||
|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> [[Thao Suranaree|Lady Mo]], the wife of the deputy governor at the time, is credited with having freed the city from Anouvong's army, and has been honored with a statue in the center of downtown Korat. A full account of the war and its impact on Laos and Siam, is detailed in the book, ''Lady Mo and Heroism at Tung Samrit'', written by Frank G Anderson. The city's old wall, east of the monument was designed and built by a French engineer who is believed to be the one who also built [[Narai]]maharaj Palace in [[Lopburi]]. The French-based design is reflected in the moat system that surrounds the innermost portion of the city.<!-- This needs sorting out. Narai was king from 1656 to 1688, so who was the Frenchman and what did he design? Maybe Korat's design was inspired by that of the palace? See this somewhat garbled account of the monument http://mrchevy.com/SuranareeMonument.htm --> |
|||
Nakhon Ratchasima continued to be an important political and economic center in the northeastern region under the [[Monthon]] administrative reforms of the late-19th century. In November 1900, the [[State Railway of Thailand|Royal State Railways of Siam]] began operation of the Nakhon Ratchasima Line from Bangkok with [[Nakhon Ratchasima Station|Korat Station]] as its [[Terminal train station#Terminus|terminus]]. The [[Ubon Ratchathani]] Line to the [[Amphoe Warin Chamrap|town of Warin]] opened 1 November 1922. The [[Thanon Chira Junction]] to [[Khon Kaen]] opened on 1 April 1933. ''Korat station'' was changed to [[Nakhon Ratchasima Railway Station]] in 1934. |
Nakhon Ratchasima continued to be an important political and economic center in the northeastern region under the [[Monthon]] administrative reforms of the late-19th century. In November 1900, the [[State Railway of Thailand|Royal State Railways of Siam]] began operation of the Nakhon Ratchasima Line from Bangkok with [[Nakhon Ratchasima Station|Korat Station]] as its [[Terminal train station#Terminus|terminus]]. It was officially opened on 21 December 1900 by [[Chulalongkorn|King Chulalongkorn]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Siam's First Railway.|newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] |date=28 December 1900 |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19001228-1.2.55 |page=2|via=newspaperSG |access-date=2022-09-25}}</ref> The [[Ubon Ratchathani]] Line to the [[Amphoe Warin Chamrap|town of Warin]] opened 1 November 1922. The [[Thanon Chira Junction]] to [[Khon Kaen]] opened on 1 April 1933. ''Korat station'' was changed to [[Nakhon Ratchasima Railway Station]] in 1934. |
||
In October 1933, after the [[Siamese revolution of 1932]] ended the [[absolute monarchy]], |
In October 1933, after the [[Siamese revolution of 1932]] ended the [[absolute monarchy]], Nakhon Ratchasima became the headquarters of the [[Boworadet Rebellion]], an abortive uprising against the new government in Bangkok.{{Citation needed|date=November 2016}} |
||
During [[World War II]], the troops from Nakhon Ratchasima joined the fight in [[Franco-Thai War]], The Thai army was able to temporarily recapture some of the territory. After the war, the [[United States]] helped build [[Mittraphap Road]] from Saraburi to Nakhon Ratchasima. |
|||
In April 1981 during another [[Manoonkrit Roopkachorn#Attempted coup of 1981|attempted coup]], the government, together with the royal family, took refuge in Korat.{{Citation needed|date=November 2016}} |
In April 1981 during another [[Manoonkrit Roopkachorn#Attempted coup of 1981|attempted coup]], the government, together with the royal family, took refuge in Korat.{{Citation needed|date=November 2016}} |
||
From 1962 to 1976, during the [[Vietnam War]], [[Korat Royal Thai Air Force Base]] hosted components of the [[Royal Thai Air Force]], the [[United States Air Force]], and a complement of the [[Royal New Zealand Air Force]] (RNZAF). After the US withdrawal in 1976, the Thai Air Force assumed full control. During the 1980s and early |
From 1962 to 1976, during the [[Vietnam War]], [[Korat Royal Thai Air Force Base]] hosted components of the [[Royal Thai Air Force]], the [[United States Air Force]], and a complement of the [[Royal New Zealand Air Force]] (RNZAF). After the US withdrawal in 1976, the Thai Air Force assumed full control. During the 1980s and early 1990s, the airfield was jointly operated as a civil airport for Nakhon Ratchasima. This ended with the opening of [[Nakhon Ratchasima Airport]] in the early 1990s. |
||
On 13 August 1993, Thailand's worst disaster happened in the city, the [[collapse of the Royal Plaza Hotel]], killing 137 people.<ref name="nation">{{cite news|title=Court orders five to pay Bt152 million compensation for Korat Hotel collapse|newspaper=The Nation|date=7 March 2009|url=http://nationmultimedia.com/2009/03/05/national/national_30097253.php|access-date=9 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130330003249/http://nationmultimedia.com/2009/03/05/national/national_30097253.php|archive-date=30 March 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
On 13 August 1993, Thailand's worst disaster happened in the city, the [[collapse of the Royal Plaza Hotel]], killing 137 people.<ref name="nation">{{cite news|title=Court orders five to pay Bt152 million compensation for Korat Hotel collapse|newspaper=The Nation|date=7 March 2009|url=http://nationmultimedia.com/2009/03/05/national/national_30097253.php|access-date=9 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130330003249/http://nationmultimedia.com/2009/03/05/national/national_30097253.php|archive-date=30 March 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
||
On 8 and 9 February 2020, Thailand's [[Nakhon Ratchasima shootings| |
On 8 and 9 February 2020, Thailand's [[Nakhon Ratchasima shootings|deadliest shooting]] occurred in the city, when an offduty [[Royal Thai Army]] Sergeant shot 29 people dead and wounded 58 others, mostly at the local [[Terminal 21]] mall, before being killed by responding officers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-thailand-shooting-timeline-idUSKBN2030FQ|title=One gunman, four locations, 29 dead: how the mass shooting in Thailand unfolded|date=9 February 2020|work=Reuters|access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref> |
||
{{Wide image|Panorama from Fort Suranaree wo bld2.jpg|1800px|Korat City from Fort Suranaree Hospital}} |
{{Wide image|Panorama from Fort Suranaree wo bld2.jpg|1800px|Korat City from Fort Suranaree Hospital}} |
||
== Demography == |
|||
{{Further|List of municipalities in Thailand}} |
|||
{{Asof|2019}}, Nakhon Ratchasima Municipality had a population of 126,391. This number represents only part of the city's current size. |
|||
To reflect the population growth since Korat's original designation as a city municipality (''[[Thesaban|thesaban nakhon]]'') in 1995, both the '''Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning''' and the '''Nakhon Ratchasima Provincial Administrative Organization''' regularly publish up-to-date city boundaries ({{langx|th|เขตเมือง}}).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning, City plans, Nakhon Ratchasima |url=https://onedptgis.dpt.go.th/onedpt-complain-ppl/}}</ref> These boundaries extend the original municipal borders into adjacent sub-districts, and comprise the whole Capital district of [[Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima district|Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima]], which forms Korat's urban area. Korat is the [[List of municipalities in Thailand#Largest cities by urban population|third-largest city]] in [[Thailand]] behind [[Bangkok]] and [[Chiang Mai]] with an urban population of 466,098 as of 2021, which amounts to 17.7 percent of the total population of [[Nakhon Ratchasima province]] (2.6 million).<ref name="TDD" /> |
|||
==Administration== |
==Administration== |
||
On 4 January 1908 Pho Klang subdistrict became Nakhon Ratchasima sanitation.<ref>{{cite journal |date=3 January 1908 |title=ประกาศ ใชัพระราชบญญัติศุขาภิบาล ในตำบอโพกลาง มณฑลนครราชสีมา ร.ศ. ๑๒๗ |trans-title= Announcement: Act Pho Klang sanitation, Nakhon Ratchasima monthon R.E. 127 (1908) |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2451/040/1183.PDF |access-date=16 April 2020 |journal=Royal Thai Government Gazette |volume=25 |issue=40 |page=1183 |
On 4 January 1908 Pho Klang subdistrict became Nakhon Ratchasima sanitation.<ref>{{cite journal |date=3 January 1908 |script-title=th:ประกาศ ใชัพระราชบญญัติศุขาภิบาล ในตำบอโพกลาง มณฑลนครราชสีมา ร.ศ. ๑๒๗ |trans-title= Announcement: Act Pho Klang sanitation, Nakhon Ratchasima monthon R.E. 127 (1908) |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2451/040/1183.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022034050/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2451/040/1183.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |access-date=16 April 2020 |journal=Royal Thai Government Gazette |volume=25 |issue=40 |page=1183}}</ref> |
||
The sanitation changed to town municipality (''[[Thesaban#Town |
The sanitation changed to town municipality (''[[Thesaban#Town municipality|thesaban mueang]]'') on 11 December 1935.<ref>{{cite journal |date=10 December 1935 |script-title=th:พระราชกฤษฎีกา จัดตั้งเทศบาลเมืองนครราชสีมา จังหวัดนครราชสีมา พุทธศักราช ๒๔๗๘ |trans-title= Royal Decree of Nakhon Ratchasima town municipality, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Buddhist Era 2478 (1935) |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2478/A/1675.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022024332/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2478/A/1675.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |access-date=5 April 2020 |journal=Royal Thai Government Gazette |volume=52 |pages=1675–1681}}</ref> On 8 March 1937 the municipality was enlarged to 4.4 km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>{{cite journal |date=7 March 1937 |script-title=th:พระราชกฤษฎีกา จัดตั้งเทศบาลเมืองนครราชสีมา จังหวัดนครราชสีมา (ฉบับที ๒) พุทธศักราช ๒๔๘0 |trans-title=Royal Decree Change of Nakhon Ratchasima town municipality, Nakhon Ratchasima province, (Issue 2) Buddhist Era 2480 (1937) |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2480/A/1764.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022040645/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2480/A/1764.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 22, 2021|access-date=16 April 2020 |journal=Royal Thai Government Gazette |volume=111 |issue=54 |pages=1764–1768}}</ref> and later on 1 January 1983 to 37.5 km<sup>2</sup> or 5 percent of [[Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima District]]. The status was upgraded to city municipality (''[[Thesaban#City-municipality|thesaban nakhon]]'') on 25 September 1995.<ref>{{cite journal |date=24 September 1995 |script-title=th:พระราชกฤษฎีกา จัดตั้งเทศบาลนครนครราชสีมา จังหวัดนครราชสีมา พุทธศักราช ๒๔๗๘ |trans-title= Royal Decree of Nakhon Ratchasima city municipality, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Buddhist Era 2538 (1995) |url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2538/A/040/33.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110201847/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2538/A/040/33.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 10, 2011 |access-date=5 April 2020 |journal=Royal Thai Government Gazette |volume=112 |issue=40 Kor |pages=33–36}}</ref> The administration of the city municipality is responsible for a population of 126,391 registered residents in 71,022 households.<ref name="TDD"/> |
||
==Climate== |
==Climate== |
||
Nakhon Ratchasima has a [[tropical savanna climate]] (''Aw'' in the [[Köppen climate classification]]), with the large majority of its rain falling between May and October. |
Nakhon Ratchasima has a [[tropical savanna climate]] (''Aw'' in the [[Köppen climate classification]]), with the large majority of its rain falling between May and October. |
||
{{Weather box |
{{Weather box |
||
|location = Nakhon Ratchasima ( |
|location = Nakhon Ratchasima (1991–2020, extremes 1951-present) |
||
|metric first = Yes |
|metric first = Yes |
||
|single line = Yes |
|single line = Yes |
||
|collapsed = |
|||
|Jan record high C = 37.7 |
|Jan record high C = 37.7 |
||
|Feb record high C = |
|Feb record high C = 40.6 |
||
|Mar record high C = |
|Mar record high C = 42.3 |
||
|Apr record high C = |
|Apr record high C = 44.0 |
||
|May record high C = |
|May record high C = 42.7 |
||
|Jun record high C = 39.2 |
|Jun record high C = 39.2 |
||
|Jul record high C = 39.2 |
|Jul record high C = 39.2 |
||
| Line 176: | Line 181: | ||
|Nov record high C = 36.1 |
|Nov record high C = 36.1 |
||
|Dec record high C = 36.0 |
|Dec record high C = 36.0 |
||
|year record high C = |
|year record high C = |
||
|Jan |
|Jan record low C = 4.9 |
||
|Feb |
|Feb record low C = 10.6 |
||
|Mar high C = 35.6 |
|||
|Apr high C = 36.5 |
|||
|May high C = 35.0 |
|||
|Jun high C = 34.4 |
|||
|Jul high C = 33.8 |
|||
|Aug high C = 33.2 |
|||
|Sep high C = 32.2 |
|||
|Oct high C = 31.0 |
|||
|Nov high C = 30.1 |
|||
|Dec high C = 29.3 |
|||
|year high C = 33.0 |
|||
|Jan mean C = 24.3 |
|||
|Feb mean C = 26.9 |
|||
|Mar mean C = 28.9 |
|||
|Apr mean C = 30.0 |
|||
|May mean C = 29.1 |
|||
|Jun mean C = 29.1 |
|||
|Jul mean C = 28.6 |
|||
|Aug mean C = 28.1 |
|||
|Sep mean C = 27.4 |
|||
|Oct mean C = 26.7 |
|||
|Nov mean C = 25.4 |
|||
|Dec mean C = 23.6 |
|||
|year mean C = 27.3 |
|||
|Jan low C = 18.5 |
|||
|Feb low C = 21.0 |
|||
|Mar low C = 23.2 |
|||
|Apr low C = 24.9 |
|||
|May low C = 25.0 |
|||
|Jun low C = 25.1 |
|||
|Jul low C = 24.7 |
|||
|Aug low C = 24.5 |
|||
|Sep low C = 24.0 |
|||
|Oct low C = 23.2 |
|||
|Nov low C = 21.1 |
|||
|Dec low C = 18.3 |
|||
|year low C = 22.8 |
|||
|Jan record low C = 9.6 |
|||
|Feb record low C = 12.4 |
|||
|Mar record low C = 13.0 |
|Mar record low C = 13.0 |
||
|Apr record low C = |
|Apr record low C = 16.0 |
||
|May record low C = |
|May record low C = 18.9 |
||
|Jun record low C = 22.0 |
|Jun record low C = 22.0 |
||
|Jul record low C = 21.3 |
|Jul record low C = 21.3 |
||
| Line 226: | Line 192: | ||
|Sep record low C = 20.4 |
|Sep record low C = 20.4 |
||
|Oct record low C = 16.6 |
|Oct record low C = 16.6 |
||
|Nov record low C = |
|Nov record low C = 9.1 |
||
|Dec record low C = |
|Dec record low C = 6.2 |
||
|year record low C = |
|year record low C = 4.9 |
||
| |
|Jan high C = 31.0 |
||
| |
|Feb high C = 33.5 |
||
| |
|Mar high C = 35.7 |
||
| |
|Apr high C = 36.6 |
||
| |
|May high C = 35.4 |
||
| |
|Jun high C = 34.7 |
||
| |
|Jul high C = 34.0 |
||
| |
|Aug high C = 33.3 |
||
| |
|Sep high C = 32.4 |
||
| |
|Oct high C = 31.3 |
||
| |
|Nov high C = 30.9 |
||
| |
|Dec high C = 29.9 |
||
| |
| year high C = |
||
| |
|Jan mean C = 24.8 |
||
| |
|Feb mean C = 26.9 |
||
| |
|Mar mean C = 29.2 |
||
| |
|Apr mean C = 30.1 |
||
| |
|May mean C = 29.5 |
||
| |
|Jun mean C = 29.3 |
||
| |
|Jul mean C = 28.8 |
||
| |
|Aug mean C = 28.3 |
||
| |
|Sep mean C = 27.6 |
||
| |
|Oct mean C = 27.0 |
||
| |
|Nov mean C = 26.0 |
||
| |
|Dec mean C = 24.4 |
||
| |
| year mean C = |
||
| |
|Jan low C = 19.2 |
||
| |
|Feb low C = 21.1 |
||
| |
|Mar low C = 23.7 |
||
| |
|Apr low C = 25.1 |
||
| |
|May low C = 25.4 |
||
| |
|Jun low C = 25.4 |
||
| |
|Jul low C = 25.0 |
||
| |
|Aug low C = 24.8 |
||
| |
|Sep low C = 24.4 |
||
| |
|Oct low C = 23.6 |
||
| |
|Nov low C = 21.5 |
||
| |
|Dec low C = 19.3 |
||
| year low C = |
|||
|Dec humidity = 66 |
|||
|precipitation colour = green |
|||
|year humidity = 70 |
|||
|Jan precipitation mm = 8.6 |
|||
|Feb precipitation mm = 12.7 |
|||
|Mar precipitation mm = 46.3 |
|||
|Apr precipitation mm = 79.5 |
|||
|May precipitation mm = 151.7 |
|||
|Jun precipitation mm = 120.0 |
|||
|Jul precipitation mm = 130.1 |
|||
|Aug precipitation mm = 178.0 |
|||
|Sep precipitation mm = 238.8 |
|||
|Oct precipitation mm = 135.0 |
|||
|Nov precipitation mm = 19.6 |
|||
|Dec precipitation mm = 2.6 |
|||
| year precipitation mm = 1122.9 |
|||
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |
|||
|Jan precipitation days = 1.0 |
|||
|Feb precipitation days = 1.3 |
|||
|Mar precipitation days = 3.7 |
|||
|Apr precipitation days = 5.7 |
|||
|May precipitation days = 10.5 |
|||
|Jun precipitation days = 9.2 |
|||
|Jul precipitation days = 10.1 |
|||
|Aug precipitation days = 12.5 |
|||
|Sep precipitation days = 14.4 |
|||
|Oct precipitation days = 8.9 |
|||
|Nov precipitation days = 2.0 |
|||
|Dec precipitation days = 0.5 |
|||
|year precipitation days = 79.8 |
|||
|Jan humidity = 65.7 |
|||
|Feb humidity = 62.1 |
|||
|Mar humidity = 62.6 |
|||
|Apr humidity = 66.4 |
|||
|May humidity = 73.4 |
|||
|Jun humidity = 73.0 |
|||
|Jul humidity = 74.0 |
|||
|Aug humidity = 76.6 |
|||
|Sep humidity = 81.2 |
|||
|Oct humidity = 78.4 |
|||
|Nov humidity = 71.2 |
|||
|Dec humidity = 66.4 |
|||
| year humidity = 70.9 |
|||
|Jan sun = 226.3 |
|Jan sun = 226.3 |
||
|Feb sun = 211.9 |
|Feb sun = 211.9 |
||
| Line 295: | Line 301: | ||
|Decd sun = 7.3 |
|Decd sun = 7.3 |
||
|yeard sun = 5.5 |
|yeard sun = 5.5 |
||
|source 1 = |
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web |
||
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Thailand/CSV/NakhonRatchasima_48431.csv |
|||
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020 |
|||
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization |
|||
| access-date = 12 October 2023}}</ref> |
|||
|source 2 = Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department (sun 1981–2010)<ref name=RID>{{cite web|url = http://water.rid.go.th/hwm/cropwater/CWRdata/ETo/ETo_PenMon_2554.pdf|script-title=th:ปริมาณการใช้น้ำของพืชอ้างอิงโดยวิธีของ Penman Monteith (Reference Crop Evapotranspiration by Penman Monteith)|publisher = Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department |page = 59|language = th|access-date = 2 August 2016}}</ref>(extremes)<ref name=TMD1>{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://climate.tmd.go.th/content/file/75 |
| url = http://climate.tmd.go.th/content/file/75 |
||
| title = Climatological Data for the Period 1981–2010 |
| title = Climatological Data for the Period 1981–2010 |
||
| publisher = Thai Meteorological Department |
| publisher = Thai Meteorological Department |
||
| accessdate = 4 August 2016}}</ref> |
|||
| page = 12 |
|||
| access-date = 2 August 2016}}</ref> |
|||
|source 2 = Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department (sun and humidity)<ref name=RID>{{cite web |
|||
| url = http://water.rid.go.th/hwm/cropwater/CWRdata/ETo/ETo_PenMon_2554.pdf |
|||
| title = ปริมาณการใช้น้ำของพืชอ้างอิงโดยวิธีของ Penman Monteith (Reference Crop Evapotranspiration by Penman Monteith) |
|||
| publisher = Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department |
|||
| page = 59 |
|||
| language = th |
|||
| access-date = 2 August 2016}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
| Line 320: | Line 323: | ||
==Transport== |
==Transport== |
||
===Air=== |
===Air=== |
||
[[Nakhon Ratchasima Airport]] lies {{convert|26|km}} east of the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flightstats.com/go/Airport/airportDetails.do;jsessionid=895C6F3857154BB8BC1777D054929078.web1:8009?airportCode=NAK|title=Nakhon Ratchasima Airport|publisher=Flightstats.com|access-date=29 April 2012|archive-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706002853/http://www.flightstats.com/go/Airport/airportDetails.do;jsessionid=895C6F3857154BB8BC1777D054929078.web1:8009?airportCode=NAK|url-status=dead}}</ref> There are no scheduled air services operating from the airport. |
|||
[[Nakhon Ratchasima Airport]] lies {{convert|26|km}} east of the city.<ref>{{cite web |
|||
|url=http://www.flightstats.com/go/Airport/airportDetails.do;jsessionid=895C6F3857154BB8BC1777D054929078.web1:8009?airportCode=NAK |
|||
|title=Nakhon Ratchasima Airport|publisher=Flightstats.com|access-date=29 April 2012}}</ref> There are no scheduled air services operating from the airport. |
|||
===Rail=== |
===Rail=== |
||
Nakhon Ratchasima is on the northeastern railway line, connecting Bangkok with [[Ubon Ratchathani]] and [[Nong Khai]]. There are two main railway stations in the city: [[Nakhon Ratchasima Railway Station]] on Mukkhamontri Road and [[Thanon Chira Junction Railway Station]] on Watcharasarit Road. In 2017, a {{convert|60|km|abbr=on}} dual-track line will connect Korat to [[Khon Kaen]]. It is the first segment of a dual track network that will connect Isan with the [[Laem Chabang]] seaport.<ref name="NAR-20161102" /> A [[Bangkok–Nakhon Ratchasima high-speed rail line|high-speed rail line to Bangkok]] is due to open in |
Nakhon Ratchasima is on the northeastern railway line, connecting Bangkok with [[Ubon Ratchathani]] and [[Nong Khai]]. There are two main railway stations in the city: [[Nakhon Ratchasima Railway Station]] on Mukkhamontri Road and [[Thanon Chira Junction Railway Station]] on Watcharasarit Road. In 2017, a {{convert|60|km|abbr=on}} dual-track line will connect Korat to [[Khon Kaen]]. It is the first segment of a dual track network that will connect Isan with the [[Laem Chabang]] seaport.<ref name="NAR-20161102" /> A [[Bangkok–Nakhon Ratchasima high-speed rail line|high-speed rail line to Bangkok]] is due to open in 2027.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thethaiger.com/hot-news/transport/thailands-high-speed-railway-will-carry-first-passengers-in-2023|title=Thailand's high-speed railway will carry first passengers in 2023|website=The Thaiger|date=4 September 2019|access-date=7 September 2019}}</ref> |
||
===Road=== |
===Road=== |
||
| Line 331: | Line 332: | ||
==Education== |
==Education== |
||
[[ |
[[File:Thao Suranaree statue.jpg|thumb|200px|Statue of Lady Mo, Korat city centre]] |
||
===Universities=== |
===Universities=== |
||
| Line 353: | Line 354: | ||
* [[Sarasas Witaed Nakhon Ratchasima]] |
* [[Sarasas Witaed Nakhon Ratchasima]] |
||
* [[Koratpittayakom Nakhon Ratchasima]] |
* [[Koratpittayakom Nakhon Ratchasima]] |
||
* |
* [[Metapaht School]] |
||
===International schools=== |
===International schools=== |
||
* [[Wesley International School]] |
* [[Wesley International School]] |
||
* [[Anglo Singapore International School]] (Korat Campus) |
* [[Anglo Singapore International School]] (Korat Campus) |
||
* [[Sarasas Witaed Nakhon Ratchasima 1]] |
* [[Sarasas Witaed Nakhon Ratchasima 1]] |
||
* [[Sarasas Witaed Nakhon Ratchasima 2]] |
* [[Sarasas Witaed Nakhon Ratchasima 2]] |
||
==Hospitals== |
==Hospitals== |
||
| Line 373: | Line 374: | ||
== Sports == |
== Sports == |
||
[[ |
[[File:Korat v Thailand XI.JPG|250px|thumb|His Majesty the King's 80th Birthday Anniversary, 5 December 2007 Sports Complex]] |
||
The '''80th Birthday Stadium''' is the main stadium in [[His Majesty the King's 80th Birthday Anniversary, 5th December 2007 Sports Complex]]. It is home to [[Nakhon Ratchasima FC]] that competes in the national first tier football level, [[Thailand Premier League]] and it was used for the [[2007 Southeast Asian Games]]. |
The '''80th Birthday Stadium''' is the main stadium in [[His Majesty the King's 80th Birthday Anniversary, 5th December 2007 Sports Complex]]. It is home to [[Nakhon Ratchasima FC]] that competes in the national first tier football level, [[Thailand Premier League]] and it was used for the [[2007 Southeast Asian Games]]. |
||
| Line 380: | Line 381: | ||
Nakhon Ratchasima is the home of the four-times [[Men's Volleyball Thailand League]] winner, [[Nakhon Ratchasima The Mall VC (men's volleyball)|Nakhon Ratchasima the Mall]] and the three-times [[Women's Volleyball Thailand League]] winner, [[Nakhon Ratchasima The Mall VC (women's volleyball)|Nakhon Ratchasima the Mall]]. It is also the birthplace of football player [[Thanayut Kaewjohor]]. |
Nakhon Ratchasima is the home of the four-times [[Men's Volleyball Thailand League]] winner, [[Nakhon Ratchasima The Mall VC (men's volleyball)|Nakhon Ratchasima the Mall]] and the three-times [[Women's Volleyball Thailand League]] winner, [[Nakhon Ratchasima The Mall VC (women's volleyball)|Nakhon Ratchasima the Mall]]. It is also the birthplace of football player [[Thanayut Kaewjohor]]. |
||
==Sister cities== |
|||
[[Nantes]], [[France]] 2020 |
|||
[[Dresden]], [[Germany]] 2020 |
|||
[[Brno]], [[Czechia]] 2020 |
|||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
| Line 396: | Line 390: | ||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
{{Commons category|Nakhon Ratchasima}} |
{{Commons category|Nakhon Ratchasima}} |
||
* What's On Korat ([https://www.whatsonkorat.com www.whatsonkorat.com]) is an online English guide to Korat / Nakhon Ratchasima with an up to date Facebook page |
* What's On Korat ({{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140504112839/http://www.whatsonkorat.com/ www.whatsonkorat.com]}}) is an online English guide to Korat / Nakhon Ratchasima with an up to date Facebook page |
||
*{{Wikivoyage-inline|Nakhon Ratchasima}} |
*{{Wikivoyage-inline|Nakhon Ratchasima}} |
||
{{Nakhon Ratchasima}} |
{{Nakhon Ratchasima}} |
||
| Line 406: | Line 400: | ||
[[Category:Nakhon Ratchasima| ]] |
[[Category:Nakhon Ratchasima| ]] |
||
[[Category:Isan]] |
[[Category:Isan]] |
||
[[Category:Populated places in Nakhon Ratchasima |
[[Category:Populated places in Nakhon Ratchasima province]] |
||
[[Category:Populated places established in 1656]] |
[[Category:Populated places established in 1656]] |
||
[[Category:Cities and towns in Thailand]] |
[[Category:Cities and towns in Thailand]] |
||
Latest revision as of 04:36, 21 December 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2016) |
Nakhon Ratchasima
นครราชสีมา Korat | |
|---|---|
| City of Nakhon Ratchasima เทศบาลนครนครราชสีมา | |
     From top left: View of Nakhon Ratchasima, monument of Thao Suranari with the Chumphon Gate in the background, Nakhon Ratchasima railway station, 80th Birthday Stadium and Central Korat | |
 Seal | |
  Nakhon Ratchasima Location in Thailand | |
| Coordinates: 14°58′50″N 102°6′00″E / 14.98056°N 102.10000°E | |
| Country |  Thailand |
| Province | Nakhon Ratchasima |
| District | Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima |
| Settled | 1656 (Ayutthaya Period) |
| Sanitation | 3 Jan 1908 |
| Town | 10 Dec 1935 |
| City | 24 Sept 1995 |
| Government | |
| • Type | City municipality |
| • Mayor | Surawuth Cherdchai |
| • Municipal Clerk | Arlom Tangtaku |
| Area | |
| 37.5 km2 (14.5 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 755.6 km2 (291.73 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 13th |
| Elevation | 180 m (590 ft) |
| Population (2019)[1] | |
| 126,391 (Registered residents) | |
| • Rank | 3rd (Urban) |
| • Density | 3,370/km2 (8,700/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 466,098 |
| • Urban density | 616.85/km2 (1,597.6/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (ICT) |
| Postcode | 30000 |
| Calling code | 044 |
| Website | koratcity |
Nakhon Ratchasima (Thai: นครราชสีมา, pronounced [ná(ʔ).kʰɔ̄ːn râːt.t͡ɕʰā.sǐː.māː]) is the capital of Nakhon Ratchasima province, the largest city in Northeastern Thailand and the third-largest city in Thailand. It is 250 km (155.43 mi) northeast of Bangkok, one of the four major cities of Isan (Northeast Thailand), known as the "big four of Isan", and has a population of 466,098 people as of 2021. The city is commonly known as Korat (โคราช, pronounced [kʰōː.râːt]), a shortened form of its name.
Korat is at the western edge of the Korat Plateau. Historically, it once marked the boundary between Lao and Siam territory. It is the gateway to the Lao-speaking northeast of Thailand.
Toponymy
[edit]Archaeological evidence suggests that in Sung Noen District 32 km west of present-day Nakhon Ratchasima (Korat) there were two ancient towns called Sema ("Bai sema" (ใบเสมา) are notable artifacts of the Korat plateau)[citation needed] and Khorakapura. (Pali púra becomes Sanskrit puri, hence Thai (buri), all connoting the same as Thai mueang: "city with defensive wall".) N The latter name was shortened to Nakhon Raj. (Nakhon (นคร) derives from Sanskrit nagara (नगर), "city"; Raj (ราช), from Sanskrit Raj, "sovereign.") The present city name is a portmanteau of Nakhon Raj and Sema.
The city is commonly known as "Korat" (Thai: โคราช), which is a short version of the ancient Khmer name "ankor raj".
History
[edit]
Prior to the 14th century, the area of Nakhon Ratchasima was under Khmer empire suzerainty and known in Khmer as Angkor raj, Nokor Reach Seyma, or Nokor Reach Borei, and Koreach. Phimai, to the north, was probably more important.
King Narai of Ayutthaya in the 17th century, ordered a new city built on the site to serve as a stronghold on Ayutthaya's northeastern frontier. Nakhon Ratchasima was thereafter mentioned in Siamese chronicles and legal documents as a "second-class" city of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. A royal governor ruled the city in a hereditary position.
After the final phase of the Ayutthaya kingdom ended with its complete destruction by the Burmese in 1767, a son of King Boromakot attempted to set himself up ruler in Phimai, holding sway over Korat and other eastern provinces. King Taksin of the Thonburi Kingdom (1768–1782) sent two of his generals, brothers Thong Duang and Boonma, to defeat the prince, who was executed in 1768. Thong Duang later became King Rama I of the kingdom, and Korat became his strategic stronghold on the northeastern frontier to supervise the Lao and Khmer tributary states.
In 1826, Vientiane King Chao Anouvong, perceiving Siam as weakened, attacked Korat in the Laotian Rebellion against King Rama III that was to rage on for two years.[2] Lady Mo, the wife of the deputy governor at the time, is credited with having freed the city from Anouvong's army, and has been honored with a statue in the center of downtown Korat. A full account of the war and its impact on Laos and Siam, is detailed in the book, Lady Mo and Heroism at Tung Samrit, written by Frank G Anderson. The city's old wall, east of the monument was designed and built by a French engineer who is believed to be the one who also built Naraimaharaj Palace in Lopburi. The French-based design is reflected in the moat system that surrounds the innermost portion of the city.
Nakhon Ratchasima continued to be an important political and economic center in the northeastern region under the Monthon administrative reforms of the late-19th century. In November 1900, the Royal State Railways of Siam began operation of the Nakhon Ratchasima Line from Bangkok with Korat Station as its terminus. It was officially opened on 21 December 1900 by King Chulalongkorn.[3] The Ubon Ratchathani Line to the town of Warin opened 1 November 1922. The Thanon Chira Junction to Khon Kaen opened on 1 April 1933. Korat station was changed to Nakhon Ratchasima Railway Station in 1934.
In October 1933, after the Siamese revolution of 1932 ended the absolute monarchy, Nakhon Ratchasima became the headquarters of the Boworadet Rebellion, an abortive uprising against the new government in Bangkok.[citation needed]
During World War II, the troops from Nakhon Ratchasima joined the fight in Franco-Thai War, The Thai army was able to temporarily recapture some of the territory. After the war, the United States helped build Mittraphap Road from Saraburi to Nakhon Ratchasima.
In April 1981 during another attempted coup, the government, together with the royal family, took refuge in Korat.[citation needed]
From 1962 to 1976, during the Vietnam War, Korat Royal Thai Air Force Base hosted components of the Royal Thai Air Force, the United States Air Force, and a complement of the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF). After the US withdrawal in 1976, the Thai Air Force assumed full control. During the 1980s and early 1990s, the airfield was jointly operated as a civil airport for Nakhon Ratchasima. This ended with the opening of Nakhon Ratchasima Airport in the early 1990s.
On 13 August 1993, Thailand's worst disaster happened in the city, the collapse of the Royal Plaza Hotel, killing 137 people.[4]
On 8 and 9 February 2020, Thailand's deadliest shooting occurred in the city, when an offduty Royal Thai Army Sergeant shot 29 people dead and wounded 58 others, mostly at the local Terminal 21 mall, before being killed by responding officers.[5]
Demography
[edit]As of 2019[update], Nakhon Ratchasima Municipality had a population of 126,391. This number represents only part of the city's current size.
To reflect the population growth since Korat's original designation as a city municipality (thesaban nakhon) in 1995, both the Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning and the Nakhon Ratchasima Provincial Administrative Organization regularly publish up-to-date city boundaries (Thai: เขตเมือง).[6] These boundaries extend the original municipal borders into adjacent sub-districts, and comprise the whole Capital district of Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima, which forms Korat's urban area. Korat is the third-largest city in Thailand behind Bangkok and Chiang Mai with an urban population of 466,098 as of 2021, which amounts to 17.7 percent of the total population of Nakhon Ratchasima province (2.6 million).[1]
Administration
[edit]On 4 January 1908 Pho Klang subdistrict became Nakhon Ratchasima sanitation.[7] The sanitation changed to town municipality (thesaban mueang) on 11 December 1935.[8] On 8 March 1937 the municipality was enlarged to 4.4 km2.[9] and later on 1 January 1983 to 37.5 km2 or 5 percent of Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima District. The status was upgraded to city municipality (thesaban nakhon) on 25 September 1995.[10] The administration of the city municipality is responsible for a population of 126,391 registered residents in 71,022 households.[1]
Climate
[edit]Nakhon Ratchasima has a tropical savanna climate (Aw in the Köppen climate classification), with the large majority of its rain falling between May and October.
| Climate data for Nakhon Ratchasima (1991–2020, extremes 1951-present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 37.7 (99.9) |
40.6 (105.1) |
42.3 (108.1) |
44.0 (111.2) |
42.7 (108.9) |
39.2 (102.6) |
39.2 (102.6) |
37.2 (99.0) |
36.7 (98.1) |
35.1 (95.2) |
36.1 (97.0) |
36.0 (96.8) |
44.0 (111.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.0 (87.8) |
33.5 (92.3) |
35.7 (96.3) |
36.6 (97.9) |
35.4 (95.7) |
34.7 (94.5) |
34.0 (93.2) |
33.3 (91.9) |
32.4 (90.3) |
31.3 (88.3) |
30.9 (87.6) |
29.9 (85.8) |
33.2 (91.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.8 (76.6) |
26.9 (80.4) |
29.2 (84.6) |
30.1 (86.2) |
29.5 (85.1) |
29.3 (84.7) |
28.8 (83.8) |
28.3 (82.9) |
27.6 (81.7) |
27.0 (80.6) |
26.0 (78.8) |
24.4 (75.9) |
27.7 (81.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.2 (66.6) |
21.1 (70.0) |
23.7 (74.7) |
25.1 (77.2) |
25.4 (77.7) |
25.4 (77.7) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.8 (76.6) |
24.4 (75.9) |
23.6 (74.5) |
21.5 (70.7) |
19.3 (66.7) |
23.2 (73.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 4.9 (40.8) |
10.6 (51.1) |
13.0 (55.4) |
16.0 (60.8) |
18.9 (66.0) |
22.0 (71.6) |
21.3 (70.3) |
21.7 (71.1) |
20.4 (68.7) |
16.6 (61.9) |
9.1 (48.4) |
6.2 (43.2) |
4.9 (40.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 8.6 (0.34) |
12.7 (0.50) |
46.3 (1.82) |
79.5 (3.13) |
151.7 (5.97) |
120.0 (4.72) |
130.1 (5.12) |
178.0 (7.01) |
238.8 (9.40) |
135.0 (5.31) |
19.6 (0.77) |
2.6 (0.10) |
1,122.9 (44.21) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 1.0 | 1.3 | 3.7 | 5.7 | 10.5 | 9.2 | 10.1 | 12.5 | 14.4 | 8.9 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 79.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 65.7 | 62.1 | 62.6 | 66.4 | 73.4 | 73.0 | 74.0 | 76.6 | 81.2 | 78.4 | 71.2 | 66.4 | 70.9 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 226.3 | 211.9 | 201.5 | 186.0 | 155.0 | 114.0 | 117.8 | 117.8 | 108.0 | 145.7 | 186.0 | 226.3 | 1,996.3 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 7.3 | 7.5 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 5.0 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 4.7 | 6.2 | 7.3 | 5.5 |
| Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[11] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department (sun 1981–2010)[12](extremes)[13] | |||||||||||||
Economy
[edit]
Korat's economy has traditionally been heavily dependent on agriculture. It is known as a processing centre for Isan's production of rice, tapioca, and sugar. The Isan region accounts for half of Thailand's exports of those commodities. Together, these three agricultural commodities employ 700,000 Isan families. Korat is also one of two sites in Thailand manufacturing disk drives by Seagate Technology, employing 12,100 workers in Korat.[14][15]
Retail
[edit]Korat has become the commercial hub, not only for Isan, but also for neighbouring Cambodia and Laos. All three of Thailand's largest Bangkok-based department store chains have invested in expansive outlets in the city, which will provide one million square metres of retail space by late 2017.[14]
Transport
[edit]Air
[edit]Nakhon Ratchasima Airport lies 26 kilometres (16 mi) east of the city.[16] There are no scheduled air services operating from the airport.
Rail
[edit]Nakhon Ratchasima is on the northeastern railway line, connecting Bangkok with Ubon Ratchathani and Nong Khai. There are two main railway stations in the city: Nakhon Ratchasima Railway Station on Mukkhamontri Road and Thanon Chira Junction Railway Station on Watcharasarit Road. In 2017, a 60 km (37 mi) dual-track line will connect Korat to Khon Kaen. It is the first segment of a dual track network that will connect Isan with the Laem Chabang seaport.[14] A high-speed rail line to Bangkok is due to open in 2027.[17]
Road
[edit]Passing near the city is Mittraphap Road (Thailand Route 2), the main arterial road that joins Bangkok with the province capitals of Saraburi, Nakhon Ratchasima. Khon Kaen, Udon Thani, and Nong Khai (the major gateway to Laos). A new motorway connecting Korat to Bangkok is under construction in 2016 and will reduce travel time on the 250 km (160 mi) journey to just over two hours.[14]
Education
[edit]
Universities
[edit]There are four universities in the area.
- Suranaree University of Technology
- Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University
- Rajamangala University of Technology Isan
- Vongchavalitkul University
Schools
[edit]- Anuban Sansanook School
- Saint Mary's College Nakhon Ratchasima
- Suratham Pitak School
- Rajsima Wittayalai School
- Suranaree Witthaya School
- Suranaree 2 Nakhon Ratchasima
- Boonwattana School
- St.Mary Business Administration College
- Assumption College Nakhonratchasima
- Marie vitthaya School Nakhon Ratchasima
- Sarasas Witaed Nakhon Ratchasima
- Koratpittayakom Nakhon Ratchasima
- Metapaht School
International schools
[edit]- Wesley International School
- Anglo Singapore International School (Korat Campus)
- Sarasas Witaed Nakhon Ratchasima 1
- Sarasas Witaed Nakhon Ratchasima 2
Hospitals
[edit].jpg)
- Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital
- Fort Suranaree Hospital
- Saint Mary's Hospital
- Korat Memorial Hospital
- Bangkok-Ratchasima Hospital
- Po-Pat Hospital
- Po-Pat 2 Hospital
- The Golden Gate Hospital
Sports
[edit]
The 80th Birthday Stadium is the main stadium in His Majesty the King's 80th Birthday Anniversary, 5th December 2007 Sports Complex. It is home to Nakhon Ratchasima FC that competes in the national first tier football level, Thailand Premier League and it was used for the 2007 Southeast Asian Games.
The stadium is in the former SEA Games sports complex on Highway 304 (Pak Thong Chai Road) to the southwest of the city. The stadium is all-seats with a capacity of 20,000.
Nakhon Ratchasima is the home of the four-times Men's Volleyball Thailand League winner, Nakhon Ratchasima the Mall and the three-times Women's Volleyball Thailand League winner, Nakhon Ratchasima the Mall. It is also the birthplace of football player Thanayut Kaewjohor.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c รายงานสถิติจำนวนประชากรและบ้านประจำปี พ.ศ.2562 [Statistics, population and house statistics for the year 2019]. Registration Office Department of the Interior, Ministry of the Interior (in Thai). 31 December 2019. Archived from the original on 14 June 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2020. Archiving is not necessary because DOPA provides data from 1993 to future years.
- ^ Chandler, David P.; Roff, William R.; Smail, John R.W.; Steinberg, David Joel; Taylor, Robert H.; Woodside, Alexander; Wyatt, David K. (1987) [1971]. "13 Siam, 1767–1868". In David, Steinberg (ed.). In search of south-east Asia (Revised ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 113–117. ISBN 0-8248-1110-0. OCLC 500095794.
- ^ "Siam's First Railway". The Straits Times. 28 December 1900. p. 2. Retrieved 2022-09-25 – via newspaperSG.
- ^ "Court orders five to pay Bt152 million compensation for Korat Hotel collapse". The Nation. 7 March 2009. Archived from the original on 30 March 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
- ^ "One gunman, four locations, 29 dead: how the mass shooting in Thailand unfolded". Reuters. 9 February 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ "Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning, City plans, Nakhon Ratchasima".
- ^ ประกาศ ใชัพระราชบญญัติศุขาภิบาล ในตำบอโพกลาง มณฑลนครราชสีมา ร.ศ. ๑๒๗ [Announcement: Act Pho Klang sanitation, Nakhon Ratchasima monthon R.E. 127 (1908)] (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette. 25 (40): 1183. 3 January 1908. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 22, 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ พระราชกฤษฎีกา จัดตั้งเทศบาลเมืองนครราชสีมา จังหวัดนครราชสีมา พุทธศักราช ๒๔๗๘ [Royal Decree of Nakhon Ratchasima town municipality, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Buddhist Era 2478 (1935)] (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette. 52: 1675–1681. 10 December 1935. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 22, 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ^ พระราชกฤษฎีกา จัดตั้งเทศบาลเมืองนครราชสีมา จังหวัดนครราชสีมา (ฉบับที ๒) พุทธศักราช ๒๔๘0 [Royal Decree Change of Nakhon Ratchasima town municipality, Nakhon Ratchasima province, (Issue 2) Buddhist Era 2480 (1937)] (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette. 111 (54): 1764–1768. 7 March 1937. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 22, 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ พระราชกฤษฎีกา จัดตั้งเทศบาลนครนครราชสีมา จังหวัดนครราชสีมา พุทธศักราช ๒๔๗๘ [Royal Decree of Nakhon Ratchasima city municipality, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Buddhist Era 2538 (1995)] (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette. 112 (40 Kor): 33–36. 24 September 1995. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 10, 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ ปริมาณการใช้น้ำของพืชอ้างอิงโดยวิธีของ Penman Monteith (Reference Crop Evapotranspiration by Penman Monteith) (PDF) (in Thai). Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department. p. 59. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
- ^ "Climatological Data for the Period 1981–2010". Thai Meteorological Department. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ a b c d Janssen, Peter (2 November 2016). "Thailand takes a long-term gamble on Isaan region". Nikkei Asian Review. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
- ^ Temphairojana, Pairat (2015-02-10). "Seagate to invest $470 mln in Thailand over next 5 years". Reuters. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
- ^ "Nakhon Ratchasima Airport". Flightstats.com. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
- ^ "Thailand's high-speed railway will carry first passengers in 2023". The Thaiger. 4 September 2019. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nakhon Ratchasima.
- What's On Korat (www.whatsonkorat.com[usurped]) is an online English guide to Korat / Nakhon Ratchasima with an up to date Facebook page
Nakhon Ratchasima travel guide from Wikivoyage
City of Nakhon Ratchasima | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Government and localities | | ||||||
| Buildings and landmarks | |||||||
| Economy | |||||||
| Transport |
| ||||||
| Culture | |||||||
| Education | |||||||
| Health | |||||||
| Other topics | |||||||
Nakhon Ratchasima (capital) | ||
| Districts (amphoe) |
|  |
| Cities and Towns | ||
| Sports | ||
| Natural Sights | ||
| Historical Sights | ||
| Transportation |
| |
| Health | ||
| 1,000,000 and more |
|
|---|---|
| 500,000–999,999 |
|
| 200,000–499,999 | |
| 100,000–299,999 | |
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
