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| name = EndNote
| name = EndNote
| logo = EndNote.png
| logo = EndNote.png
| screenshot = Endnote 20.png
| screenshot =
| caption = EndNote 20 running on Windows 10
| caption = EndNote 20 running on Windows 10
| author = Niles Software
| author = Niles Software
| developer = [[Clarivate Analytics]]
| developer = [[Clarivate]]
| latest_release_version = 20<ref>{{cite web|url=https://endnote.com/product-details/|title=ArticlesEndNote 20 Windows and Mac: Release Notes|work=Clarivate}}</ref>
| latest_release_version = 21.2 (MacOS)<br />21.2 (Windows)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://endnote.com/downloads/available-updates/|title=Available Updates / EndNote|work=Clarivate}}</ref>
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2020|12|14}}
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2023|10|17}}
| latest_preview_version =
| latest_preview_version =
| latest_preview_date =
| latest_preview_date =
Line 18: Line 18:
| website = {{URL|https://endnote.com}}
| website = {{URL|https://endnote.com}}
}}
}}
<!--The lead to this article is transcluded as a summary of this topic in the Clarivate article, so the prose is kept suitable for the purposes of both-->

'''EndNote''' is a commercial [[reference management software]] package, used to manage [[bibliography|bibliographies]] and [[Citation|references]] when writing essays, reports and articles. It is currently produced by [[Clarivate Analytics]] (previously by [[Thomson Reuters]]).
'''EndNote''' is a commercial [[reference management software]] package, used to manage [[bibliography|bibliographies]] and [[Citation|references]] when writing essays, reports and articles.<noinclude>{{sp}} EndNote was written by Richard Niles, and ownership changed hands several times since it was launched in 1989 by Niles & Associates: in 2000 it was acquired by Institute for Scientific Information’s ResearchSoft Division, part of Thomson Corporation, and in 2016 by [[Clarivate]] (then named Clarivate Analytics). EndNote's main competitors are [[Mendeley]] and [[Zotero]]. Unlike [[Mendeley]] and [[Zotero]], EndNote is neither free-to-use nor offers a [[freemium]] model.


== Features ==
== Features ==
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There are several ways to add a reference to a library: manually, or by exporting, importing, copying from another EndNote library, or connecting from EndNote. The program presents the user with a window containing a [[dropdown menu]] from which to select the type of reference they require (e.g., book, congressional legislation, film, newspaper article, etc.), and fields ranging from the general (author, title, year) to those specific to the kind of reference (abstract, author, [[ISBN]], running time, etc.)
There are several ways to add a reference to a library: manually, or by exporting, importing, copying from another EndNote library, or connecting from EndNote. The program presents the user with a window containing a [[dropdown menu]] from which to select the type of reference they require (e.g., book, congressional legislation, film, newspaper article, etc.), and fields ranging from the general (author, title, year) to those specific to the kind of reference (abstract, author, [[ISBN]], running time, etc.)


Most bibliographic databases allow users to export references to their EndNote libraries. This enables the user to select multiple citations and saves the user from having to manually enter the citation information and the abstracts. Some databases (e.g., [[PubMed]]) requires the user to select citations, select a specific format, and save them as .txt files. The user can then import the citations into the EndNote software. It is also possible to search library catalogs and free databases, such as PubMed, from within the EndNote software program itself.
Most bibliographic databases allow users to export references into their EndNote libraries. This enables the user to select multiple citations and saves the user from having to manually enter citation information and abstracts of papers. Some databases (e.g., [[PubMed]]) require the user to select citations, select a specific format, and save them as .txt files. The user can then import the citations into the EndNote software. It is also possible to search library catalogs and free databases, such as PubMed, from within the EndNote software program itself.


If the user fills out the necessary fields, EndNote can automatically format the citation into any of over 2,000 different styles the user chooses. For example, listed below are some citations from [[Gray's Anatomy|Gray's ''Anatomy'']] using several different styles:
If the user fills out the necessary fields, EndNote can automatically format the citation into any of over 2,000 different styles the user chooses. For example, listed below are some citations from [[Gray's Anatomy|''Gray's'' ''Anatomy'']] using several different styles:


{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
| Anthropos
| Anthropos
| '''Gray, Henry'''<br>1910 Anatomy, descriptive and applied. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. [18th ed.]
| '''Gray, Henry'''<br />1910 Anatomy, descriptive and applied. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. [18th ed.]
|-
|-
| APA 5th
| APA 5th
Line 45: Line 45:
|}
|}


In Windows, EndNote creates a file with an '''*.enl''' extension, along with a '''*.data''' folder containing various [[MySQL]] files with '''*.myi''' and '''*.myd''' extensions. EndNote can be installed so that its features, like Cite While You Write, appear in the Tools menu of [[Microsoft Word]] and OpenOffice.org Writer.
In Windows, EndNote creates a file with an '''*.enl''' extension, along with a '''*.data''' folder containing two [[MySQL]] files '''pdb.eni''' and '''sdb.eni'''. EndNote can be installed so that its features, like Cite While You Write, appear in the Tools menu of [[Microsoft Word]] and OpenOffice.org Writer.


EndNote can export citation libraries as [[HTML]], [[plain text]], [[Rich Text Format]], or [[XML]].
EndNote can export citation libraries as [[HTML]], [[plain text]], [[Rich Text Format]], or [[XML]].
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EndNote can also organize [[PDFs]] on the user's hard drive (or full text on the web) through links to files or by inserting copies of PDFs. It is also possible to save a single image, document, Excel spreadsheet, or other file type to each reference in an EndNote library. Starting from EndNote X version 1.0.1, formatting support for [[OpenDocument]] files (ODT) using the Format Paper command is supported.
EndNote can also organize [[PDFs]] on the user's hard drive (or full text on the web) through links to files or by inserting copies of PDFs. It is also possible to save a single image, document, Excel spreadsheet, or other file type to each reference in an EndNote library. Starting from EndNote X version 1.0.1, formatting support for [[OpenDocument]] files (ODT) using the Format Paper command is supported.


EndNote can also find full-text PDFs on-line (for non–[[Open Access|open access]] publications, subscription credentials are required) and automatically attach PDF files from user's computer, provided that the PDF files have a [[Digital object identifier|DOI]] on the first page.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://aut.ac.nz.libguides.com/managingreferences | title=Library Guides: Which reference manager?: Comparison of EndNote, Mendeley and Zotero }}</ref>
== Legal dispute with Zotero ==
== History ==
EndNote Version 1 was released as a ”Reference Database and Bibliography Maker” for Apple Macintosh in {{Circa|1989}} by Niles & Associates near [[Emeryville, California|Emeryville]] at a list price of US $129 plus shipping.<ref>Miller, S., EndNote. Computers and the Humanities 1989, 23 (6), 489-491.</ref> However, starting with version 2.1. in 1995, EndNote has been available for Windows.<ref name="scott-1997">Scott, P. J., EndNote Plus 2.1 for Windows 3.1. Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences 1997, 37 (2), 410-410.</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://community.endnote.com/t/endnote-obviously-is-abandoning-mac-users/706625 | title=EndNote obviously is abandoning Mac users | date=13 January 2023 }}</ref>

Libraries created with EndNote 7 and earlier are restricted to the size of 32,767 references, or 32 megabytes, whichever comes first. In the early 1990s, software reviewers stated, that “EndNote is a citation manager, not a personal online catalog. Its focus is on inserting citations into written documents,” although it has had the “ability to import formatted references from other databases” from its very early days.<ref>Finnegan, G. A.; Klemperer, K. E., EndNote at Dartmouth: A Double Review. The Public-Access Computer Systems Review 1990.</ref><ref name="scott-1997"/><ref>Warling, B., Endnote Plus - Enhanced Reference Database and Bibliography Maker. Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences 1992, 32 (6), 755-756.</ref>

Starting with version 2 in {{Circa|1995}}, many EndNote users considered the product as “a dual purpose program”, that "functions as a database manager and as a bibliography maker to insert citations into word processing documents and later compiles the bibliography in the required format”.<ref>Beckman, R., EndNote Plus 2.3. Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences 1997, 37 (5), 957-958.</ref> With the release of version 4.0 in {{Circa|2000}}, EndNote attained most of its current functionality.<ref>Etter, S. C., Endnote 4.0. Journal of Computing in Higher Education 2001, 12 (2), 91-93.</ref><ref>Reiß, M.; Reiß, G.; Pausch, N. C., Database manager EndNote 4 - Further development and functions. Radiologe 2001, 41 (6), 511-514.</ref><ref name="herbert-2002">Herbert, T. L., EndNote 5 for windows. Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences 2002, 42 (1), 134.</ref> EndNote's database size limit has been increased several times.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Endnote |url=https://support.clarivate.com/Endnote/s/article/EndNote-Upper-size-limits-on-a-library-file?language=en_US |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=support.clarivate.com}}</ref>

In 2000 EndNote was acquired by Institute for Scientific Information’s (ISI) Research Soft Division, part of Thomson Corporation.<ref name="herbert-2002"/> In 2016, EndNote was transferred from Thomson Reuters to a spin-off company, [[Clarivate]].

In 1992, there were four other products competing with EndNote: [[ProCite]], [[Reference Manager]], Papyrus<ref>Cox, J., Endnote Plus. International Journal of Information Management 1992, 12 (4), 329-330.</ref> and [[Bibilostax]].<ref>Myers, C. J.; Lessmann, J. J.; Musselman, R. L., A chemical literature management system using endnote. Science and Technology Libraries 1992, 12 (2), 17-27.</ref> In 1998–2015 [[Biblioscape]] was on this list as well.<ref>Sandford, P., Evaluation of EndNote 4 Reference Management Software. VINE 2000, 30 (4), 55-59.</ref> [[Zotero]] was added to this list in 2006 and [[Mendeley]] in 2008.


In September 2008, [[Thomson Reuters]], the owners of EndNote, sued the [[Commonwealth of Virginia]] for {{US$|10 million}} and requested an injunction against competing reference management software.<ref>
In September 2008, [[Thomson Reuters]], the owners of EndNote, sued the [[Commonwealth of Virginia]] for {{US$|10 million}} and requested an injunction against competing reference management software.<ref>
Line 65: Line 75:
|date = 2008-09-17
|date = 2008-09-17
|publisher = [[Courthouse News Service]]
|publisher = [[Courthouse News Service]]
|url-status = dead
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/668MdSow7?url=http://www.courthousenews.com/2008/09/17/Reuters_Says_George_Mason_University_Is_Handing_Out_Its_Proprietary_Software.htm
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120319024225/http://www.courthousenews.com/2008/09/17/Reuters_Says_George_Mason_University_Is_Handing_Out_Its_Proprietary_Software.htm
|archive-date = 2012-03-13
|archive-date = 2012-03-19
}}
}}
</ref><ref name="chronicle">
</ref><ref name="chronicle">
{{cite web
{{cite web
| last = Young
| last = Young
| first = Jeffrey R.
| first = Jeffrey R.
| title = Wired Campus: Maker of EndNote Citation Software Sues George Mason U. - Chronicle.com
| title = Wired Campus: Maker of EndNote Citation Software Sues George Mason U. - Chronicle.com
| access-date = 2015-06-22
| access-date = 2015-06-22
| date = 2008-09-29
| date = 2008-09-29
| url = http://chronicle.com/blogs/wiredcampus/maker-of-endnote-citation-software-sues-george-mason-u/4272
| url = http://chronicle.com/blogs/wiredcampus/maker-of-endnote-citation-software-sues-george-mason-u/4272
}}
}}
</ref> [[George Mason University]]'s [[Center for History and New Media]] had developed [[Zotero]], a [[free software|free]]/[[open-source software|open-source]] extension to [[Mozilla Firefox]]. Thomson Reuters alleges that the Zotero developers reverse engineered and/or decompiled EndNote, that Zotero can transform proprietary EndNote citation style files (.ens) to the open [[Citation Style Language]] format, that they host files converted in this manner, and that they abuse the "EndNote" trademark in describing this feature. Thomson Reuters claims that this is violation of the site [[EULA|license agreement]]. They also added a restrictive click-thru license to their styles download website.<ref name=chronicle/> George Mason University responded that it would not renew its site license for EndNote, that "anything created by users of Zotero belongs to those users, and that it should be as easy as possible for Zotero users to move to and from the software as they wish, without friction."<ref>
</ref> [[George Mason University]]'s [[Center for History and New Media]] had developed [[Zotero]], a [[free software|free]]/[[open-source software|open-source]] extension to [[Mozilla Firefox]]. Thomson Reuters alleges that the Zotero developers reverse engineered and/or decompiled EndNote, that Zotero can transform proprietary EndNote citation style files (.ens) to the open [[Citation Style Language]] format, that they host files converted in this manner, and that they abuse the "EndNote" trademark in describing this feature. Thomson Reuters claims that this is violation of the site [[EULA|license agreement]]. They also added a restrictive click-thru license to their styles download website.<ref name=chronicle/>{{Failed verification|date=December 2021|talk=Legal dispute with Zotero: "click-thru_license" is unsourced|reason=click-thru license is not mentioned}} George Mason University responded that it would not renew its site license for EndNote, that "anything created by users of Zotero belongs to those users, and that it should be as easy as possible for Zotero users to move to and from the software as they wish, without friction."<ref>
{{cite web
{{cite web
| last = Owens
| last = Owens
| first = Trevor
| first = Trevor
| title = Official Statement
| title = Official Statement
| work = Zotero: The Next-Generation Research Tool
| work = Zotero: The Next-Generation Research Tool
| access-date = 2009-04-11
| access-date = 2009-04-11
| date = 2008-10-29
| date = 2008-10-29
| url = http://www.zotero.org/blog/offical-statement/
| url = http://www.zotero.org/blog/offical-statement/
}}
}}
</ref> The journal ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' editorialized that "the virtues of interoperability and easy data-sharing among researchers are worth restating. Imagine if Microsoft Word or Excel files could be opened and saved only in these proprietary formats, for example. It would be impossible for OpenOffice and other such software to read and save these files using open standards — as they can legally do."<ref>
</ref> The journal ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' editorialized that "the virtues of interoperability and easy data-sharing among researchers are worth restating. Imagine if Microsoft Word or Excel files could be opened and saved only in these proprietary formats, for example. It would be impossible for OpenOffice and other such software to read and save these files using open standards — as they can legally do."<ref>
Line 102: Line 112:
}}
}}
</ref> The case was dismissed on June 4, 2009.<ref>
</ref> The case was dismissed on June 4, 2009.<ref>
{{cite web
{{cite news
| last = Takats
| last = Takats
| first = Sean
| first = Sean
Line 122: Line 132:
| title = EndNote
| title = EndNote
| work = Software for Small Business, 2008 Edition: Windows and Vista Programs to Help You Improve Efficiency and Productivity
| work = Software for Small Business, 2008 Edition: Windows and Vista Programs to Help You Improve Efficiency and Productivity
| date = November 2007
| publisher = Productive Publications
| publisher = Productive Publications
| pages = 77–78, 380
| pages = 77–78, 380
Line 130: Line 141:
}}
}}
</ref>
</ref>

== Import format ==

Endnote can import records from other databases or text files. These files need to be formatted in a format that Endnote can process. The following example shows three records ready for import as a text file. Such files normally use the file extension {{mono|.enw}}.

<pre>
%0 Book
%A Geoffrey Chaucer
%D 1957
%T The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer
%E F.
%I Houghton
%C Boston
%N 2nd

%0 Journal Article
%A Herbert H. Clark
%D 1982
%T Hearers and Speech Acts
%B Language
%V 58
%P 332-373

%0 Thesis
%A Cantucci, Elena
%T Permian strata in South-East Asia
%D 1990
%I University of California, Berkeley
%9 Dissertation
</pre>

== Tags and fields ==

The table at the left is a list of EndNote tags and their associated field names. The table at the right is a list of standard reference types for the {{code|%0}} field. Compare this scheme with the much older [[refer (software)#Database fields|refer scheme]] which uses a similar syntax. Entire records as separated by a single blank line.<ref name="endnote-help-2012">{{cite book
| title = Endnote X6 help
| date = 2012
| url = http://endnote.com/sites/en/files/support/endnotex6machelp.pdf
| access-date = 2016-12-15
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180127234028/http://endnote.com/sites/en/files/support/endnotex6machelp.pdf
| archive-date = 2018-01-27
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>{{rp|121}}

{|
| style="vertical-align: top" |

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ EndNote tags and field names{{nnbsp}}<ref name="endnote-help-2012"/>{{rp|122–124}}
|-
! Tag !! Field name !! Comment
|-
| %A || Author ||
|-
| %B || Secondary title || of a book or conference name
|-
| %C || Place published ||
|-
| %D || Year ||
|-
| %E || Editor/Secondary author ||
|-
| %F || Label ||
|-
| %G || Language ||
|-
| %H || Translated author ||
|-
| %I || Publisher ||
|-
| %J || Journal name ||
|-
| %K || Keywords ||
|-
| %L || Call number ||
|-
| %M || Accession number ||
|-
| %N || Number || or issue
|-
| %O || Alternate title ||
|-
| %P || Pages ||
|-
| %Q || Translated title ||
|-
| %R || DOI || [[digital object identifier]]
|-
| %S || Tertiary title ||
|-
| %T || Title ||
|-
| %U || URL ||
|-
| %V || Volume ||
|-
| %W || Database provider ||
|-
| %X || Abstract ||
|-
| %Y || Tertiary author/Translator ||
|-
| %Z || Notes ||
|-
| %0 || Reference type || see right table
|-
| %1 || Custom 1 ||
|-
| %2 || Custom 2 ||
|-
| %3 || Custom 3 ||
|-
| %4 || Custom 4 ||
|-
| %6 || Number of volumes ||
|-
| %7 || Edition ||
|-
| %8 || Date ||
|-
| %9 || Type of work ||
|-
| %? || Subsidiary author ||
|-
| %@ || ISBN/ISSN || [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]] or [[International Standard Serial Number|ISSN]] number
|-
| %! || Short title ||
|-
| %# || Custom 5 ||
|-
| %$ || Custom 6 ||
|-
| %] || Custom 7 ||
|-
| %& || Section ||
|-
| %( || Original publication ||
|-
| %) || Reprint edition ||
|-
| %* || Reviewed item ||
|-
| %+ || Author address ||
|-
| %^ || Caption ||
|-
| %> || File attachments ||
|-
| %< || Research notes ||
|-
| %[ || Access date ||
|-
| %= || Custom 8 ||
|-
| %~ || Name of database ||
|}

| {{pad|5em}} <!-- gutter between tables -->
| style="vertical-align: top" |

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Reference types{{nnbsp}}<ref name="endnote-help-2012"/>{{rp|121–122}}
|-
! Type
|-
| %0 Generic
|-
| %0 Government Document
|-
| %0 Aggregated Database
|-
| %0 Ancient Text
|-
| %0 Artwork
|-
| %0 Audiovisual Material
|-
| %0 Bill
|-
| %0 Blog
|-
| %0 Book
|-
| %0 Book Section
|-
| %0 Case
|-
| %0 Catalog
|-
| %0 Chart or Table
|-
| %0 Classical Work
|-
| %0 Computer Program
|-
| %0 Conference Paper
|-
| %0 Conference Proceedings
|-
| %0 Dictionary
|-
| %0 Edited Book
|-
| %0 Electronic Article
|-
| %0 Electronic Book
|-
| %0 Encyclopedia
|-
| %0 Equation
|-
| %0 Figure
|-
| %0 Film or Broadcast
|-
| %0 Grant
|-
| %0 Hearing
|-
| %0 Journal Article
|-
| %0 Legal Rule or Regulation
|-
| %0 Magazine Article
|-
| %0 Manuscript
|-
| %0 Map
|-
| %0 Music
|-
| %0 Newspaper Article
|-
| %0 Online Database
|-
| %0 Online Multimedia
|-
| %0 Pamphlet
|-
| %0 Patent
|-
| %0 Personal Communication
|-
| %0 Report
|-
| %0 Serial Publication
|-
| %0 Standard
|-
| %0 Statute
|-
| %0 Thesis
|-
| %0 Unpublished Work
|-
| %0 Web Page
|-
| %0 Unused 1
|-
| %0 Unused 2
|-
| %0 Unused 3
|}

|}

== Version history and compatibility ==

Niles and Associates produced early versions of EndNote.<ref>
For example:
{{cite news
| title = EndNote
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6UNWdidjDmIC
| newspaper = PC Mag
| volume = 10
| issue = 16
| publisher = Ziff Davis, Inc.
| publication-date = 1991-09-24
| issn = 0888-8507
| access-date = 2015-03-03
| quote = '''EndNote'' (Niles & Associates) [...] stores up to 32,000 references and creates bibliographies in any style you choose.
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite book
|editor1-last= Heck
|editor1-first= André
|editor2-last= Murtagh
|editor2-first= Fionn
|title= Intelligent Information Retrieval: The Case of Astronomy and Related Space Sciences
|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=tDCbhUHObNwC
|series= Astrophysics and Space Science Library
|volume= 182
|publisher= Springer Science & Business Media
|publication-date= 1993
|page= 57
|isbn= 9780792322955
|access-date= 2015-03-04
|quote= EndNote from Niles and Associates is a commercial personal DBMS tool explicitly customized for storing and retrieving scientific bibliographical records. [...] EndNote incorporates knowledge about bibliographic subtleties such as abbreviation and positioning of author initials, data dictionaries for journal names, different styles and abbreviation levels required for different journals, etc.
}}</ref>
*EndNote 20 for Windows released on 30 October 2020, with EndNote 20 for macOS to be released "soon".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://buy.endnote.com/1603/purl-buy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118080211/https://buy.endnote.com/1603/purl-buy|archive-date=2020-11-18|title=Accelerate your Research with EndNote 20|website=buy.endnote.com}}</ref>
*EndNote X9.3.3 for Windows & Mac, released 28 April 2020.<ref name="Recent Software Updates">{{cite web|url=https://endnote.com/downloads/available-updates/|title=Recent Software Updates|work=endnote.com}}Accessed 2020-01-17.</ref> Library files (''i.e.'' citation databases) created with this version are in a different format to previous versions.<ref name="Recent Software Updates"/> Earlier versions of EndNote may not be able to read library files created with this version of EndNote.
*EndNote X9.2 for Windows & Mac, released 11 June 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://endnote.eu/versions/endnote-x9-2|title=EndNote X9.2 for Windows® and Macintosh®|work=endnote.eu}}</ref>
*EndNote X9.1.1 for Mac, released 29 March 2019.
*EndNote X9.1 for Windows & Mac, released 12 March 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://endnote.me/newsroom/endnote-x9-1|title=EndNote X9.1 for Windows® and Macintosh®|work=endnote.me}}</ref>
*EndNote X9 for Windows & Mac, released 1 August 2018.
*EndNote X8.2 for Windows, released 9 January 2018.
*EndNote X8 for Windows & Mac, released 8 November 2016.
*EndNote X7.5 for Windows & Mac, released 2 February 2016.
*EndNote X7.4 for Windows & Mac, released 11 August 2015.
*EndNote X7.3 for Windows & Mac, released 1 April 2015.
*EndNote X7.2 for Windows & Mac, released 30 September 2014.
*EndNote X7.1 for Windows & Mac, released 2 April 2014.
*EndNote X7.0.1 for Mac, released 13 November 2013.
*EndNote X7.0.2 for Windows, released 23 October 2013.
*EndNote X7 for Mac, released July 2013.
*EndNote X7 for Windows, released 20 May 2013; Compatible with Microsoft Word 2013.
*EndNote X6 for Windows, released 6 August 2012; EndNote X6 for Mac, released Q4 2012, compatible with OS X 10.8.
*EndNote X5 for Mac, released September 2011, introduced official compatibility with OS X 10.7 Lion.<ref name="endnote.com">[http://www.endnote.com/enosx.asp ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115003755/http://www.endnote.com/enosx.asp |date=January 15, 2012 }}</ref>
*EndNote X5 for Windows, released 21 June 2011. Compatible with Microsoft Word 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kbportal.thomson.com/display/2/searchDirect/index.aspx?searchstring=TS_ENCWYWFAQ3&searchtype=8&searchby=referenceword&Catid=&SubCatid=&att=&remotesite=&search= |title=Portal |publisher=Kbportal.thomson.com |access-date=2014-06-22}}</ref>
*EndNote X4 for Mac, released 23 August 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thomson Reuters Ships EndNote X4 for Mac OS X|url=http://www.endnote.com/pr-enx4mac.asp |access-date=February 19, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304072650/http://www.endnote.com/pr-enx4mac.asp |archive-date=March 4, 2012 }}</ref> Introduced official compatibility with Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard. Initially not compatible with Microsoft Office 2011, a compatibility update was subsequently made available on the EndNote website.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=http://www.endnote.com/enword2k7.asp|title=Frequently Asked Questions|work=EndNote}}</ref>
*EndNote X4 for Windows, released 15 June 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thomson Reuters Releases EndNote X4 for Windows|url=http://www.endnote.com/pr-enx4win.asp |access-date=February 19, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720064307/http://www.endnote.com/pr-enx4win.asp |archive-date=July 20, 2012 }}</ref> Introduced official compatibility with Microsoft Windows 7.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web|title=Windows 7 notes for all versions of EndNote|url=http://www.endnote.com/envistaand7.asp |access-date=February 19, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702123420/http://www.endnote.com/envistaand7.asp |archive-date=July 2, 2012 }}</ref> Introduced official compatibility with Microsoft Word 2010 (required an update via Help -> Program Updates, or directly from the Endnote website).<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*EndNote X3 for Mac, released 26 August 2009.<ref>[http://thomsonreuters.com/content/press_room/science/EndNote_X3_For_Mac Thomson Reuters | Thomson Reuters Ships EndNote X3 For Mac Os X<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Not compatible with Microsoft Word 2011.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> EndNote X3 and later are not supported on systems running Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger.<ref name="http://www.endnote.com/entiger.asp">{{cite web |title=EndNote – Tiger Compatibility |website=www.endnote.com |url=http://www.endnote.com/entiger.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416112710/http://www.endnote.com/entiger.asp |archive-date=2012-04-16}}</ref>
*EndNote X3 for Windows, released 17 June 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thomson Reuters Releases EndNote X3 for Windows|url=http://www.endnote.com/pr-enx3win.asp |access-date=February 19, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304070747/http://www.endnote.com/pr-enx3win.asp |archive-date=March 4, 2012 }}</ref> Not compatible with Microsoft Word 2010;<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Word 2010 cannot be started without disabling the EndNote Addin.
*EndNote X2 for Mac, released 3 September 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title = Thomson Reuters Ships EndNote X2 for Mac OS X|url=http://www.endnote.com/pr-enX2mac.asp |access-date=February 19, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428012743/http://www.endnote.com/pr-enX2mac.asp |archive-date=April 28, 2012 }}</ref>
*EndNote X2 for Windows, released 11 June 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.endnote.com/pr-enx2win.asp |access-date=February 19, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428033515/http://www.endnote.com/pr-enX2win.asp |archive-date=April 28, 2012 |title = The Scientific Business of Thomson Reuters Releases EndNote X2 for Windows}}</ref> The "Cite While You Write" feature in EndNote X2 was originally not compatible with 64-bit versions of Windows, but a patch can fix this issue.<ref>{{cite web|title=Frequently Asked Questions - Install 28: Is EndNote compatible with a 64-bit version of Windows running on a computer with a 64-bit processor?|url=http://www.endnote.com/support/faqs/Install/faq28.asp |access-date=February 19, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730014658/http://www.endnote.com/support/faqs/Install/faq28.asp |archive-date=July 30, 2012 }}</ref> Last update: Version 12.0.4 (build 4459).
*EndNote X1 for Mac, released 21 August 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/press/2007/8404853/|title=Press Releases|work=thomsonreuters.com}}</ref> The Cite While You Write feature of EndNote X1 for Mac OS was originally only compatible with Word 10.1.2-10.1.6 and Word 2004. Due to changes in the way third party addins were supported in Word 2008, Cite While You Write was not natively compatible with Word 2008. A patch was released on June 26, 2008 that restored cite while you write functionality to Word 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.macresearch.org/endnote-x1-patch-restores-cwyw-functionality-word-2008 |title=EndNote X1 Patch Restores CWYW Functionality to Word 2008 {{!}} MacResearch<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2008-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080701053430/http://www.macresearch.org/endnote-x1-patch-restores-cwyw-functionality-word-2008 |archive-date=2008-07-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*EndNote X1 for Windows, released 20 August 2007.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thomson Scientific Releases EndNote X1 for Windows|url=http://www.endnote.com/pr-enx1win.asp |access-date=February 19, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304065828/http://www.endnote.com/pr-enx1win.asp |archive-date=March 4, 2012 }}</ref> EndNote X1 and later are compatible with Windows Vista.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
*EndNote X for Mac, released 25 August 2006.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thomson ResearchSoft Ships EndNote X for Mac OS X|url=http://www.endnote.com/pr-enxmac.asp |access-date=February 19, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719062236/http://www.endnote.com/pr-enxmac.asp |archive-date=July 19, 2012 }}</ref> EndNote X and later are "[[Universal application]]s" that execute natively on both PPC and Intel-based Macs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Macintosh Intel News|url=http://www.endnote.com/enmacintel.asp |access-date=February 19, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416111856/http://www.endnote.com/enmacintel.asp |archive-date=April 16, 2012 }}</ref> Introduced compatibility with Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard.<ref name="endnote.com"/> EndNote libraries that have been opened and used with EndNote version X or greater should not be subsequently used with an EndNote version earlier than version X.<ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite web|title=EndNote X Getting Started Guide|url=http://www.endnote.com/support/helpdocs/ENX-GettingStartedGuide.pdf |access-date=February 19, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130319092646/http://endnote.com/support/helpdocs/ENX-GettingStartedGuide.pdf |archive-date=March 19, 2013 }}</ref>
*EndNote X for Windows, released 9 June 2006.<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite web|title=Thomson ResearchSoft Releases EndNote X for Windows|url=http://www.endnote.com/pr-enxwin.asp |access-date=February 19, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504004136/http://www.endnote.com/pr-enxwin.asp |archive-date=May 4, 2012 }}</ref> EndNote libraries that have been opened and used with EndNote version X or greater should not be subsequently used with an EndNote version earlier than version X.<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
*EndNote 9 for Mac, released 29 August 2005.<ref>[http://www.endnote.com/pr-en9mac.asp ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106131544/http://www.endnote.com/pr-en9mac.asp |date=January 6, 2012 |title=Thomson ResearchSoft Ships EndNote 9 for Mac }}</ref> Introduced compatibility with Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger.<ref name="http://www.endnote.com/entiger.asp"/> Due to major compatibility issues, it is not recommend to run EndNote 9 or earlier on OS X 10.5 Leopard.<ref name="endnote.com"/>
*EndNote 9 for Windows, released 21 June 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.endnote.com/pr-en9win.asp |title=Thomson ResearchSoft Releases EndNote 9 for Windows |access-date=2016-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428033510/http://www.endnote.com/pr-en9win.asp |archive-date=2012-04-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*EndNote 8 for Mac, released 30 November 2004.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thomson ResearchSoft Ships EndNote 8 for Mac OS X|url=http://www.endnote.com/pr-en8mac.asp |access-date=February 19, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304072019/http://www.endnote.com/pr-en8mac.asp |archive-date=March 4, 2012 }}</ref> Introduced compatibility with Mac OS X 10.3 Panther.
*EndNote 8 for Windows, released 21 June 2004.<ref>[http://www.endnote.com/pr-en8win.asp ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106125516/http://www.endnote.com/pr-en8win.asp |date=January 6, 2012 }}</ref>
*EndNote 7 for Mac, released 26 August 2003.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thomson ISI ResearchSoft Ships EndNote 7 For Macintosh OS X|url=http://www.endnote.com/pr-en7mac.asp |access-date=February 19, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428034014/http://www.endnote.com/pr-en7mac.asp |archive-date=April 28, 2012 }}</ref> Not certified compatible with OS X 10.3 Panther (users can install and run EndNote 7 on a Panther system, but there are some minor compatibility issues).<ref name=autogenerated3>[http://www.endnote.com/enmac_panther.asp ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309040010/http://www.endnote.com/enmac_panther.asp |date=March 9, 2012 }}</ref>
*EndNote 7 for Windows, released 24 June 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.endnote.com/pr-en7win.asp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106130946/http://www.endnote.com/pr-en7win.asp |archive-date=2012-01-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*EndNote 6 for Mac, released 5 August 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.endnote.com/pr-en6mac.asp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106125251/http://www.endnote.com/pr-en6mac.asp |archive-date=2012-01-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Not certified compatible with OS X 10.3 Panther (it is possible to install and run EndNote 6 on a Panther system, but there are some minor compatibility issues).<ref name=autogenerated3 />
*EndNote 6 for Windows, released 17 June 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.endnote.com/pr-en6.asp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106133851/http://www.endnote.com/pr-en6.asp |archive-date=2012-01-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*EndNote 5 for Mac, released 19 July 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.endnote.com/pr-en5mac.asp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106124803/http://www.endnote.com/pr-en5mac.asp |archive-date=2012-01-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> EndNote 5 and earlier are not compatible with any version of OS X.<ref name=autogenerated3 />
*EndNote 5 for Windows, released 11 June 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.endnote.com/pr-en5.asp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106132255/http://www.endnote.com/pr-en5.asp |archive-date=2012-01-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*EndNote 4 for Mac & Windows released 6 March 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.endnote.com/en4press.asp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106201946/http://www.endnote.com/en4press.asp |archive-date=2012-01-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*EndNote 3 for Mac & Windows released 10 March 1998.<ref>EndNote email to previous users, March 10, 1998.</ref><ref name=en-support>{{cite web|url=http://www.endnote.com/support/enupdates.asp|title=Software Updates - EndNote - Thomson Reuters|work=ISI ResearchSoft|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010803230043/http://www.endnote.com/support/enupdates.asp|archive-date=2001-08-03}}</ref>
*EndNote 2 for Mac & Windows was probably released in the summer of 1995.<ref>{{cite journal |date=October 1995 |title=Niles announces EndNote Plus 2.0 and EndLink 2.0 for Windows |journal=[[Computers in Libraries]] |volume=15 |issue=9 |page=12 |issn=1041-7915}}</ref><ref name=en-support />
*EndNote Plus for Mac<ref>{{cite journal |last=Tessler |first=Franklin N. |date=September 1992 |title=Reviews: EndNote Plus 1.2 |journal=[[Macworld]] |volume=9 |issue=9 |pages=312 |issn=0741-8647}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Satya-Murti |first=S. |date=June 1993 |title=EndNote Plus: Enhanced Reference Database and Bibliography Maker |journal=[[JAMA|JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association]] |volume=269 |issue=24 |page=3163 |doi=10.1001/jama.1993.03500240107042 |issn=0098-7484}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==


'''Data schemes'''
'''Data schemes'''
* [[BibTeX#Database files|BibTeX]] – a text-based data format used by LaTeX

* [[BibTeX#Bibliographic information file|BibTeX]] – a text-based data format used by LaTeX
* [[refer (software)|refer]] – a similar, but not identical, data scheme supported on UNIX-like systems
* [[refer (software)|refer]] – a similar, but not identical, data scheme supported on UNIX-like systems
* [[RIS (file format)|RIS]] – a text-based data scheme from Research Information Systems
* [[RIS (file format)|RIS]] – a text-based data scheme from Research Information Systems


'''Software'''
'''Software'''

* [[Comparison of reference management software]] – compares EndNote to other similar software
* [[Comparison of reference management software]] – compares EndNote to other similar software


== References ==
== References ==

{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


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[[Category:Reference management software]]
[[Category:Reference management software]]
[[Category:Bibliography file formats]]
[[Category:Bibliography file formats]]
[[Category:Clarivate Analytics]]
[[Category:Clarivate]]

Latest revision as of 16:09, 28 December 2024

This article is about the reference management software. For other uses of the word, see Endnote (disambiguation).
EndNote
Original author(s)Niles Software
Developer(s)Clarivate
Stable release
21.2 (MacOS)
21.2 (Windows)[1] / October 17, 2023; 14 months ago (2023-10-17)
Operating systemWindows, macOS
TypeReference management
LicenseClosed-source and commercial software
Websiteendnote.com

EndNote is a commercial reference management software package, used to manage bibliographies and references when writing essays, reports and articles. EndNote was written by Richard Niles, and ownership changed hands several times since it was launched in 1989 by Niles & Associates: in 2000 it was acquired by Institute for Scientific Information’s ResearchSoft Division, part of Thomson Corporation, and in 2016 by Clarivate (then named Clarivate Analytics). EndNote's main competitors are Mendeley and Zotero. Unlike Mendeley and Zotero, EndNote is neither free-to-use nor offers a freemium model.

Features

[edit]

EndNote groups citations into "libraries" with the file extension *.enl and a corresponding *.data folder.

There are several ways to add a reference to a library: manually, or by exporting, importing, copying from another EndNote library, or connecting from EndNote. The program presents the user with a window containing a dropdown menu from which to select the type of reference they require (e.g., book, congressional legislation, film, newspaper article, etc.), and fields ranging from the general (author, title, year) to those specific to the kind of reference (abstract, author, ISBN, running time, etc.)

Most bibliographic databases allow users to export references into their EndNote libraries. This enables the user to select multiple citations and saves the user from having to manually enter citation information and abstracts of papers. Some databases (e.g., PubMed) require the user to select citations, select a specific format, and save them as .txt files. The user can then import the citations into the EndNote software. It is also possible to search library catalogs and free databases, such as PubMed, from within the EndNote software program itself.

If the user fills out the necessary fields, EndNote can automatically format the citation into any of over 2,000 different styles the user chooses. For example, listed below are some citations from Gray's Anatomy using several different styles:

Anthropos Gray, Henry
1910 Anatomy, descriptive and applied. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. [18th ed.]
APA 5th Gray, H. (1910). Anatomy, descriptive and applied (18th ed.). Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.
MLA Gray, Henry. Anatomy, Descriptive and Applied. 18th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1910.
New England J Medicine 1. Gray H. Anatomy, descriptive and applied. 18th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1910.

In Windows, EndNote creates a file with an *.enl extension, along with a *.data folder containing two MySQL files pdb.eni and sdb.eni. EndNote can be installed so that its features, like Cite While You Write, appear in the Tools menu of Microsoft Word and OpenOffice.org Writer.

EndNote can export citation libraries as HTML, plain text, Rich Text Format, or XML. From version X.7.2, one library can be shared with up to 14 other EndNote users. The data is synchronized via the EndNote cloud service, with everybody having full write access to the library.[2]

EndNote can also organize PDFs on the user's hard drive (or full text on the web) through links to files or by inserting copies of PDFs. It is also possible to save a single image, document, Excel spreadsheet, or other file type to each reference in an EndNote library. Starting from EndNote X version 1.0.1, formatting support for OpenDocument files (ODT) using the Format Paper command is supported.

EndNote can also find full-text PDFs on-line (for non–open access publications, subscription credentials are required) and automatically attach PDF files from user's computer, provided that the PDF files have a DOI on the first page.[3]

History

[edit]

EndNote Version 1 was released as a ”Reference Database and Bibliography Maker” for Apple Macintosh in c. 1989 by Niles & Associates near Emeryville at a list price of US $129 plus shipping.[4] However, starting with version 2.1. in 1995, EndNote has been available for Windows.[5][6]

Libraries created with EndNote 7 and earlier are restricted to the size of 32,767 references, or 32 megabytes, whichever comes first. In the early 1990s, software reviewers stated, that “EndNote is a citation manager, not a personal online catalog. Its focus is on inserting citations into written documents,” although it has had the “ability to import formatted references from other databases” from its very early days.[7][5][8]

Starting with version 2 in c. 1995, many EndNote users considered the product as “a dual purpose program”, that "functions as a database manager and as a bibliography maker to insert citations into word processing documents and later compiles the bibliography in the required format”.[9] With the release of version 4.0 in c. 2000, EndNote attained most of its current functionality.[10][11][12] EndNote's database size limit has been increased several times.[13]

In 2000 EndNote was acquired by Institute for Scientific Information’s (ISI) Research Soft Division, part of Thomson Corporation.[12] In 2016, EndNote was transferred from Thomson Reuters to a spin-off company, Clarivate.

In 1992, there were four other products competing with EndNote: ProCite, Reference Manager, Papyrus[14] and Bibilostax.[15] In 1998–2015 Biblioscape was on this list as well.[16] Zotero was added to this list in 2006 and Mendeley in 2008.

In September 2008, Thomson Reuters, the owners of EndNote, sued the Commonwealth of Virginia for US$10 million and requested an injunction against competing reference management software.[17][18] George Mason University's Center for History and New Media had developed Zotero, a free/open-source extension to Mozilla Firefox. Thomson Reuters alleges that the Zotero developers reverse engineered and/or decompiled EndNote, that Zotero can transform proprietary EndNote citation style files (.ens) to the open Citation Style Language format, that they host files converted in this manner, and that they abuse the "EndNote" trademark in describing this feature. Thomson Reuters claims that this is violation of the site license agreement. They also added a restrictive click-thru license to their styles download website.[18][failed verification – see discussion] George Mason University responded that it would not renew its site license for EndNote, that "anything created by users of Zotero belongs to those users, and that it should be as easy as possible for Zotero users to move to and from the software as they wish, without friction."[19] The journal Nature editorialized that "the virtues of interoperability and easy data-sharing among researchers are worth restating. Imagine if Microsoft Word or Excel files could be opened and saved only in these proprietary formats, for example. It would be impossible for OpenOffice and other such software to read and save these files using open standards — as they can legally do."[20] The case was dismissed on June 4, 2009.[21]

EndNote Web

[edit]

EndNote Web, a web-based implementation of EndNote, offers integration with the ISI Web of Knowledge.[22]

See also

[edit]

Data schemes

  • BibTeX – a text-based data format used by LaTeX
  • refer – a similar, but not identical, data scheme supported on UNIX-like systems
  • RIS – a text-based data scheme from Research Information Systems

Software

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Available Updates / EndNote". Clarivate.
  2. ^ "Library Sharing - EndNote - Thomson Reuters". EndNote. Retrieved 2016-08-11.
  3. ^ "Library Guides: Which reference manager?: Comparison of EndNote, Mendeley and Zotero".
  4. ^ Miller, S., EndNote. Computers and the Humanities 1989, 23 (6), 489-491.
  5. ^ a b Scott, P. J., EndNote Plus 2.1 for Windows 3.1. Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences 1997, 37 (2), 410-410.
  6. ^ "EndNote obviously is abandoning Mac users". 13 January 2023.
  7. ^ Finnegan, G. A.; Klemperer, K. E., EndNote at Dartmouth: A Double Review. The Public-Access Computer Systems Review 1990.
  8. ^ Warling, B., Endnote Plus - Enhanced Reference Database and Bibliography Maker. Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences 1992, 32 (6), 755-756.
  9. ^ Beckman, R., EndNote Plus 2.3. Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences 1997, 37 (5), 957-958.
  10. ^ Etter, S. C., Endnote 4.0. Journal of Computing in Higher Education 2001, 12 (2), 91-93.
  11. ^ Reiß, M.; Reiß, G.; Pausch, N. C., Database manager EndNote 4 - Further development and functions. Radiologe 2001, 41 (6), 511-514.
  12. ^ a b Herbert, T. L., EndNote 5 for windows. Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences 2002, 42 (1), 134.
  13. ^ "Endnote". support.clarivate.com. Retrieved 2024-07-24.
  14. ^ Cox, J., Endnote Plus. International Journal of Information Management 1992, 12 (4), 329-330.
  15. ^ Myers, C. J.; Lessmann, J. J.; Musselman, R. L., A chemical literature management system using endnote. Science and Technology Libraries 1992, 12 (2), 17-27.
  16. ^ Sandford, P., Evaluation of EndNote 4 Reference Management Software. VINE 2000, 30 (4), 55-59.
  17. ^ "Reuters Says George Mason University Is Handing Out Its Proprietary Software". Courthouse News Service. 2008-09-17. Archived from the original on 2012-03-19.
  18. ^ a b Young, Jeffrey R. (2008-09-29). "Wired Campus: Maker of EndNote Citation Software Sues George Mason U. - Chronicle.com". Retrieved 2015-06-22.
  19. ^ Owens, Trevor (2008-10-29). "Official Statement". Zotero: The Next-Generation Research Tool. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
  20. ^ Anon (2008). "Beta blockers? Proprietary data formats may be legally defensible but open standards can be a better spur for innovation". Nature. 455 (7214): 708. doi:10.1038/455708a. PMID 18843308.
  21. ^ Takats, Sean (2009-06-04). "Thomson Reuters Lawsuit Dismissed". The Quintessence of Ham. Retrieved 2009-06-04.
  22. ^ Williamson, Iain (November 2007), "EndNote", Software for Small Business, 2008 Edition: Windows and Vista Programs to Help You Improve Efficiency and Productivity, Productive Publications (published 2007), pp. 77–78, 380, ISBN 9781552703250, retrieved 2012-05-14, EndNote Web is a companion product which is a Web-based reference organizer incorporated into the ISI Web of Knowledge [...].
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