Alexandros Koumoundouros: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Greek politician (1815–1883)}} |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox officeholder |
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|name = Alexandros Koumoundouros |
|name = Alexandros Koumoundouros |
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|native_name = {{Nobold|{{Lang|el|Αλέξανδρος Κουμουνδούρος}}}} |
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|image = Koumoundouros.png |
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|image = Alexandros Koumoundouros.png |
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|caption = |
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|office = [[Prime Minister of Greece]] |
|office = [[Prime Minister of Greece]] |
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|term_start = |
|term_start = 13 October 1880 |
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|term_end = |
|term_end = 3 March 1882 |
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|monarch = [[George I of Greece|George I]] |
|monarch = [[George I of Greece|George I]] |
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|predecessor = [[Charilaos Trikoupis]] |
|predecessor = [[Charilaos Trikoupis]] |
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|constituency = |
|constituency = |
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|majority = |
|majority = |
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|term_start2 = |
|term_start2 = 26 October 1878 |
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|term_end2 = |
|term_end2 = 10 March 1880 |
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|monarch2 = [[George I of Greece|George I]] |
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|predecessor2 = [[Charilaos Trikoupis]] |
|predecessor2 = [[Charilaos Trikoupis]] |
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|successor2 = [[Charilaos Trikoupis]] |
|successor2 = [[Charilaos Trikoupis]] |
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|constituency2 = |
|constituency2 = |
||
|majority2 = |
|majority2 = |
||
|term_start3 = |
|term_start3 = 11 January 1877 |
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|term_end3 = |
|term_end3 = 21 October 1878 |
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|monarch3 = [[George I of Greece|George I]] |
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|predecessor3 = [[Konstantinos Kanaris]] |
|predecessor3 = [[Konstantinos Kanaris]] |
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|successor3 = [[Charilaos Trikoupis]] |
|successor3 = [[Charilaos Trikoupis]] |
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|constituency3 = |
|constituency3 = |
||
|majority3 = |
|majority3 = |
||
|term_start4 = |
|term_start4 = 19 May 1877 |
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|term_end4 = |
|term_end4 = 26 May 1877 |
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|monarch4 = [[George I of Greece|George I]] |
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|predecessor4 = [[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]] |
|predecessor4 = [[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]] |
||
|successor4 = [[Konstantinos Kanaris]] |
|successor4 = [[Konstantinos Kanaris]] |
||
|constituency4 = |
|constituency4 = |
||
|majority4 = |
|majority4 = |
||
|term_start5 = |
|term_start5 = 1 December 1876 |
||
|term_end5 = |
|term_end5 = 26 February 1877 |
||
|monarch5 = [[George I of Greece|George I]] |
|||
|predecessor5 = [[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]] |
|predecessor5 = [[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]] |
||
|successor5 = [[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]] |
|successor5 = [[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]] |
||
|constituency5 = |
|constituency5 = |
||
|majority5 = |
|majority5 = |
||
|term_start6 = |
|term_start6 = 15 October 1875 |
||
|term_end6 = |
|term_end6 = 26 November 1876 |
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|monarch6 = [[George I of Greece|George I]] |
|||
|predecessor6 = [[Charilaos Trikoupis]] |
|predecessor6 = [[Charilaos Trikoupis]] |
||
|successor6 = [[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]] |
|successor6 = [[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]] |
||
|constituency6 = |
|constituency6 = |
||
|majority6 = |
|majority6 = |
||
|term_start7 = |
|term_start7 = 3 December 1870 |
||
|term_end7 = |
|term_end7 = 28 October 1871 |
||
|monarch7 = [[George I of Greece|George I]] |
|||
|predecessor7 = [[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]] |
|predecessor7 = [[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]] |
||
|successor7 = [[Thrasivoulos Zaimis]] |
|successor7 = [[Thrasivoulos Zaimis]] |
||
|constituency7 = |
|constituency7 = |
||
|majority7 = |
|majority7 = |
||
|term_start8 = |
|term_start8 = 18 December 1866 |
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|term_end8 = |
|term_end8 = 20 December 1867 |
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|monarch8 = [[George I of Greece|George I]] |
|||
|predecessor8 = [[Dimitrios Voulgaris]] |
|predecessor8 = [[Dimitrios Voulgaris]] |
||
|successor8 = [[Aristeidis Moraitinis]] |
|successor8 = [[Aristeidis Moraitinis]] |
||
|constituency8 = |
|constituency8 = |
||
|majority8 = |
|majority8 = |
||
|term_start9 = |
|term_start9 = 6 November 1865 |
||
|term_end9 = |
|term_end9 = 13 November 1865 |
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|monarch9 = [[George I of Greece|George I]] |
|||
|predecessor9 = [[Dimitrios Voulgaris]] |
|predecessor9 = [[Dimitrios Voulgaris]] |
||
|successor9 = [[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]] |
|successor9 = [[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]] |
||
|constituency9 = |
|constituency9 = |
||
|majority9 = |
|majority9 = |
||
|term_start10 = |
|term_start10 = 2 March 1865 |
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|term_end10 = |
|term_end10 = 20 October 1865 |
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⚫ | |||
|monarch10 = [[George I of Greece|George I]] |
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⚫ | |||
|successor10 = [[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]] |
|successor10 = [[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]] |
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|constituency10= |
|constituency10= |
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|footnotes = |
|footnotes = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Alexandros Koumoundouros''' ({{ |
'''Alexandros Koumoundouros''' ({{langx|el|Αλέξανδρος Κουμουνδούρος}}, 4 February 1815 – 26 February 1883) was a Greek politician. Born in [[Kampos, Messenia|Kampos]], on the [[Messenia]]n side of the [[Mani Peninsula]], he was the son of Spyridon-Galanis Koumoundouros, the [[bey]] of the area during the last period of the administration of the region by the [[Ottoman Empire]]. |
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He was a political personality famous for his work towards national progress, his patriotism and unselfishness, despite |
He was a political personality famous for his work towards national progress, his patriotism and unselfishness, despite him having been in office during a very unsettled period of [[Greece|Greek]] history. |
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== |
== Biography == |
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{{Conservatism in Greece sidebar|Politicians}} |
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== Greek War of Independence == |
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In 1841, he took part in the revolution in [[Crete]] despite believing it was a lost cause—the conditions were not right for such an undertaking at that time. |
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⚫ | Koumoundouros’ long career encompassed many facets of political life, including serving in parliament, authoring of legislation, promotion of a democratic regime, restoration of the [[Hellenic Army|army]], distribution of national farms to landless farmers, and the approval of major construction work (such as the Isthmus of [[Corinth]]). |
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== Political career == |
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⚫ | Koumoundouros’ long career encompassed many facets of political life, including serving in parliament, authoring of legislation, promotion of a democratic regime, restoration of the [[Hellenic Army|army]], distribution of national farms to landless farmers, and the approval of major construction work (such as the Isthmus of [[Corinth]]). |
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During his 50-year-long period of political involvement he tried to remain neutral, and to avoid confrontation both with the three [[Great Powers]] and with the smaller powers of that time. In this period he held various ministerial appointments eighteen times, was twice president of the Greek Parliament and ten times Prime Minister of Greece. Despite often experiencing inimical conditions, including at least three [[assassination]] attempts, he still managed to create a firm foundation for democracy in Greece. |
During his 50-year-long period of political involvement he tried to remain neutral, and to avoid confrontation both with the three [[Great Powers]] and with the smaller powers of that time. In this period he held various ministerial appointments eighteen times, was twice president of the Greek Parliament and ten times Prime Minister of Greece. Despite often experiencing inimical conditions, including at least three [[assassination]] attempts, he still managed to create a firm foundation for democracy in Greece. He served as [[prime minister of Greece]] a record ten times. |
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=== Early career === |
=== Early political career === |
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He was appointed as Public Prosecutor in the Tribunal of [[Kalamata]], but he soon quit this position in order to become a politician. His first political distinction emerged in 1853 when he was elected deputy of the province of [[Messinia]] (the province of Kalamàta). Two years later he became [[Speaker of the Hellenic Parliament]], and the following year Minister of Economics. |
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He kept the same ministry in the new governments both of 1857 and 1859. After the overthrow of King |
He kept the same ministry in the new governments both of 1857 and 1859. After the overthrow of [[Otto of Greece|King Otto]] in 1862 he became Minister of Justice of the temporary government. |
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The first elections for a proper government after the fall of King |
The first elections for a proper government after the fall of [[Otto of Greece|King Otto]] took place in 1863 and Koumoundouros remained as Minister of Justice, however, the extremely poor political stability lead to new elections the following year. |
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In the succeeding government of 1864, Koumoundouros was moved to the Ministry of Religion and Education and later to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. |
In the succeeding government of 1864, Koumoundouros was moved to the Ministry of Religion and Education and later to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. |
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=== Tenure as Prime Minister === |
=== Tenure as Prime Minister === |
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On 25 March 1865, he became [[Prime Minister of Greece]] for the first time and won the elections of 1866, too. Four years later, he retained the position of the Minister of Army and Internal Affairs, in addition to being Prime Minister. In 1875, Koumoundouros was successful in uniting all other parliamentary parties against Charilaos Trikoupis.<ref>Woodhouse, "The Story of Modern Greece", "The Emergence of the Greek Kingdom (1833-1908)", p. 173, Faber and Faber (1968).</ref> In August 1875, he became President of the Parliament once again and in the elections of the same year he was made Prime Minister of the country once more. |
On 25 March 1865, he became [[Prime Minister of Greece]] for the first time and won the elections of 1866, too. Four years later, he retained the position of the Minister of Army and Internal Affairs, in addition to being Prime Minister. In 1875, Koumoundouros was successful in uniting all other parliamentary parties against Charilaos Trikoupis.<ref>Woodhouse, "The Story of Modern Greece", "The Emergence of the Greek Kingdom (1833-1908)", p. 173, Faber and Faber (1968).</ref> In August 1875, he became President of the Parliament once again and in the elections of the same year he was made Prime Minister of the country once more. |
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Elections took place three times in 1876 and Koumoundouros was victorious in two of them. He also won the elections of 1878. |
Elections took place three times in 1876 and Koumoundouros was victorious in two of them. He also won the elections of 1878. |
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Koumoundouros’ greatest achievement came in 1881, during his last (tenth) premiership, when after the [[Congress of Berlin]] and after diplomatic contacts with the Ottomans, he managed to bring about the annexation of the areas of [[Thessaly]] and [[Arta (regional unit)|Arta]] to the Greek mainland (with the [[Convention of Constantinople (1881)|Convention of Constantinople]]). |
Koumoundouros’ greatest achievement came in 1881, during his last (tenth) premiership, when after the [[Congress of Berlin]] and after diplomatic contacts with the Ottomans, he managed to bring about the annexation of the areas of [[Thessaly]] and [[Arta (regional unit)|Arta]] to the Greek mainland (with the [[Convention of Constantinople (1881)|Convention of Constantinople]]). |
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== Personal life == |
== Personal life == |
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After the end of the unsuccessful Cretan revolution, he married Ekaterìni Konstantinou G. Mavromichàli of the famed Maniot family. |
After the end of the unsuccessful Cretan revolution, he married Ekaterìni Konstantinou G. Mavromichàli of the famed Maniot family. They had two children. His first son Konstantìnos, was born in Kalamata 1846, and daughter Marìa, was born in Kalamata 1845. Ekaterìni died young and Koumoundouros married Efthimìa Perotì who presented him with his second son in 1858, Spirìdonas and in 1867 a daughter, Olga. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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*[[Greek War of Independence]] |
* [[Greek War of Independence]] |
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*[[Charilaos Trikoupis]] |
* [[Charilaos Trikoupis]] |
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==References== |
== References == |
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{{reflist|2}} |
{{reflist|2}} |
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==Notes== |
== Notes == |
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{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[ |
{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Konstantinos Kanaris]]|after=[[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]]|years= 2 March – 20 October 1865}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Dimitrios Voulgaris]]|after=[[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]]|years= |
{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Dimitrios Voulgaris]]|after=[[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]]|years=6 – 13 November 1865}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Dimitrios Voulgaris]]|after=[[Aristeidis Moraitinis]]|years=December |
{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Dimitrios Voulgaris]]|after=[[Aristeidis Moraitinis]]|years=18 December 1866 – 20 December 1867}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]]|after=[[Thrasivoulos Zaimis]]|years= |
{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]]|after=[[Thrasivoulos Zaimis]]|years=3 December 1870 – 28 October 1871}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Charilaos Trikoupis]]|after=[[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]]|years= |
{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Charilaos Trikoupis]]|after=[[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]]|years=15 October 1875 – 26 November 1876}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]]|after=[[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]]|years= |
{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]]|after=[[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]]|years=1 December 1876 - 26 February 1877}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]]|after=[[Konstantinos Kanaris]]|years= |
{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Epameinondas Deligeorgis]]|after=[[Konstantinos Kanaris]]|years=19 - 26 May 1877}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Konstantinos Kanaris]]|after=[[Charilaos Trikoupis]]|years= |
{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Konstantinos Kanaris]]|after=[[Charilaos Trikoupis]]|years=11 January - 21 October 1878}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Charilaos Trikoupis]]|after=[[Charilaos Trikoupis]]|years= |
{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Charilaos Trikoupis]]|after=[[Charilaos Trikoupis]]|years=26 October 1878 - 10 March 1880}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Charilaos Trikoupis]]|after=[[Charilaos Trikoupis]]|years=October |
{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Charilaos Trikoupis]]|after=[[Charilaos Trikoupis]]|years=13 October 1880 - 3 March 1882}} |
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{{Heads of government of Greece}} |
{{Heads of government of Greece}} |
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{{Foreign Ministers of Greece}} |
{{Foreign Ministers of Greece}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Koumoundouros, Alexandros}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Koumoundouros, Alexandros}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1815 births]] |
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[[Category:1883 deaths]] |
[[Category:1883 deaths]] |
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[[Category:19th-century |
[[Category:19th-century prime ministers of Greece]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:19th-century people from the Ottoman Empire]] |
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[[Category:Greek nationalists]] |
[[Category:Greek nationalists]] |
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[[Category:Foreign ministers of Greece]] |
[[Category:Foreign ministers of Greece]] |
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[[Category:Prime Ministers of Greece]] |
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[[Category:History of Greece (1863–1909)]] |
[[Category:History of Greece (1863–1909)]] |
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[[Category:Ministers of |
[[Category:Ministers of national education and religious affairs of Greece]] |
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[[Category:Ministers of the |
[[Category:Ministers of the interior of Greece]] |
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[[Category:Finance ministers of Greece]] |
[[Category:Finance ministers of Greece]] |
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[[Category:Justice ministers of Greece]] |
[[Category:Justice ministers of Greece]] |
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[[Category:Ministers of |
[[Category:Ministers of military affairs of Greece]] |
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[[Category:Burials at the First Cemetery of Athens]] |
[[Category:Burials at the First Cemetery of Athens]] |
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[[Category:Speakers of the Hellenic Parliament]] |
[[Category:Speakers of the Hellenic Parliament]] |
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[[Category:People from Nafplion]] |
Latest revision as of 10:21, 23 November 2024
Alexandros Koumoundouros | |
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Αλέξανδρος Κουμουνδούρος | |
Prime Minister of Greece | |
In office 13 October 1880 – 3 March 1882 | |
Monarch | George I |
Preceded by | Charilaos Trikoupis |
Succeeded by | Charilaos Trikoupis |
In office 26 October 1878 – 10 March 1880 | |
Preceded by | Charilaos Trikoupis |
Succeeded by | Charilaos Trikoupis |
In office 11 January 1877 – 21 October 1878 | |
Preceded by | Konstantinos Kanaris |
Succeeded by | Charilaos Trikoupis |
In office 19 May 1877 – 26 May 1877 | |
Preceded by | Epameinondas Deligeorgis |
Succeeded by | Konstantinos Kanaris |
In office 1 December 1876 – 26 February 1877 | |
Preceded by | Epameinondas Deligeorgis |
Succeeded by | Epameinondas Deligeorgis |
In office 15 October 1875 – 26 November 1876 | |
Preceded by | Charilaos Trikoupis |
Succeeded by | Epameinondas Deligeorgis |
In office 3 December 1870 – 28 October 1871 | |
Preceded by | Epameinondas Deligeorgis |
Succeeded by | Thrasivoulos Zaimis |
In office 18 December 1866 – 20 December 1867 | |
Preceded by | Dimitrios Voulgaris |
Succeeded by | Aristeidis Moraitinis |
In office 6 November 1865 – 13 November 1865 | |
Preceded by | Dimitrios Voulgaris |
Succeeded by | Epameinondas Deligeorgis |
In office 2 March 1865 – 20 October 1865 | |
Preceded by | Konstantinos Kanaris |
Succeeded by | Epameinondas Deligeorgis |
Personal details | |
Born | 4 February 1815 Mani, Ottoman Greece |
Died | 26 February 1883[1] Athens, Greece | (aged 68)
Political party | Nationalist Party |
Spouse(s) | Aikaterini Konstantinou G. Mavromichali Efthimia Georgiou Peroti |
Children | Konstantinos, Maria, Spyridonas, Olga |
Occupation | Lawyer |
Signature | |
Alexandros Koumoundouros (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Κουμουνδούρος, 4 February 1815 – 26 February 1883) was a Greek politician. Born in Kampos, on the Messenian side of the Mani Peninsula, he was the son of Spyridon-Galanis Koumoundouros, the bey of the area during the last period of the administration of the region by the Ottoman Empire.
He was a political personality famous for his work towards national progress, his patriotism and unselfishness, despite him having been in office during a very unsettled period of Greek history.
Biography
[edit]This article is part of a series on |
Conservatism in Greece |
---|
After the Greek War of Independence, he moved to Nafplion where he went to school, then to Athens to study law. In 1841, he took part in the revolution in Crete despite believing it was a lost cause—the conditions were not right for such an undertaking at that time.
Koumoundouros’ long career encompassed many facets of political life, including serving in parliament, authoring of legislation, promotion of a democratic regime, restoration of the army, distribution of national farms to landless farmers, and the approval of major construction work (such as the Isthmus of Corinth).
During his 50-year-long period of political involvement he tried to remain neutral, and to avoid confrontation both with the three Great Powers and with the smaller powers of that time. In this period he held various ministerial appointments eighteen times, was twice president of the Greek Parliament and ten times Prime Minister of Greece. Despite often experiencing inimical conditions, including at least three assassination attempts, he still managed to create a firm foundation for democracy in Greece. He served as prime minister of Greece a record ten times.
Early political career
[edit]He was appointed as Public Prosecutor in the Tribunal of Kalamata, but he soon quit this position in order to become a politician. His first political distinction emerged in 1853 when he was elected deputy of the province of Messinia (the province of Kalamàta). Two years later he became Speaker of the Hellenic Parliament, and the following year Minister of Economics.
He kept the same ministry in the new governments both of 1857 and 1859. After the overthrow of King Otto in 1862 he became Minister of Justice of the temporary government.
The first elections for a proper government after the fall of King Otto took place in 1863 and Koumoundouros remained as Minister of Justice, however, the extremely poor political stability lead to new elections the following year.
In the succeeding government of 1864, Koumoundouros was moved to the Ministry of Religion and Education and later to the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Tenure as Prime Minister
[edit]On 25 March 1865, he became Prime Minister of Greece for the first time and won the elections of 1866, too. Four years later, he retained the position of the Minister of Army and Internal Affairs, in addition to being Prime Minister. In 1875, Koumoundouros was successful in uniting all other parliamentary parties against Charilaos Trikoupis.[2] In August 1875, he became President of the Parliament once again and in the elections of the same year he was made Prime Minister of the country once more.
Elections took place three times in 1876 and Koumoundouros was victorious in two of them. He also won the elections of 1878.
Koumoundouros’ greatest achievement came in 1881, during his last (tenth) premiership, when after the Congress of Berlin and after diplomatic contacts with the Ottomans, he managed to bring about the annexation of the areas of Thessaly and Arta to the Greek mainland (with the Convention of Constantinople).
Right after this achievement he called for new elections so that representatives of the newly annexed regions could enter Parliament. Despite this concession, the new candidates elected the representative of the opposition party as President of Parliament. As a result, Koumoundouros resigned on 3 March 1882. He died some months later on 26 February 1883, in his home on Ludwig Square (now known as Koumoundourou Square), in Athens, and was buried at public expense in the First Cemetery of Athens.
Personal life
[edit]After the end of the unsuccessful Cretan revolution, he married Ekaterìni Konstantinou G. Mavromichàli of the famed Maniot family. They had two children. His first son Konstantìnos, was born in Kalamata 1846, and daughter Marìa, was born in Kalamata 1845. Ekaterìni died young and Koumoundouros married Efthimìa Perotì who presented him with his second son in 1858, Spirìdonas and in 1867 a daughter, Olga.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Note: Greece officially adopted the Gregorian calendar on 16 February 1923 (which became 1 March). All dates prior to that, unless specifically denoted, are Old Style.
- ^ Woodhouse, "The Story of Modern Greece", "The Emergence of the Greek Kingdom (1833-1908)", p. 173, Faber and Faber (1968).
Notes
[edit]- Other spellings of his name are: Kumunduros and Komunduros. Consult Bikélas, Coumoundouros, (Montpelier, 1884).
- 1815 births
- 1883 deaths
- 19th-century prime ministers of Greece
- 19th-century people from the Ottoman Empire
- Greek nationalists
- Foreign ministers of Greece
- History of Greece (1863–1909)
- Ministers of national education and religious affairs of Greece
- Ministers of the interior of Greece
- Finance ministers of Greece
- Justice ministers of Greece
- Ministers of military affairs of Greece
- Burials at the First Cemetery of Athens
- Speakers of the Hellenic Parliament
- Maniots
- People from Nafplion