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{{short description|Anglo-French zoologist (1835-1900)}}
{{short description|Anglo-French zoologist (1835-1900)}}
{{Infobox scientist
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[[File:Alphonse Milne-Edwards par Truchelut et Valkman BNF Gallica (cropped).jpg|thumb|Alphonse Milne-Edwards in 1883]]
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'''Alphonse Milne-Edwards''' ([[Paris]], 13 October 1835 – Paris, 21 April 1900) was a [[France|French]] [[mammalologist]], [[ornithologist]], and [[carcinologist]]. He was English in origin, the son of [[Henri Milne-Edwards]] and grandson of Bryan Edwards, a Jamaican planter who settled at [[Bruges]] (then in [[French First Republic|France]]).<ref name="Auk"/>
| name =
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| image = Alphonse Milne-Edwards par Truchelut et Valkman BNF Gallica (cropped).jpg
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date |1835|10|13|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age |1900|04|21|1835|10|13|df=yes}}
| death_place =
| other_names =
| fields =
| workplaces = [[Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle]]
| known_for = Discovery of tropical birds from prehistoric France
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards = Gold medal of the [[Royal Geographical Society]]
| author_abbrev_bot = '''Milne-Edw.'''
| children =
| parents =
| father = [[Henri Milne-Edwards]]
| mother =
| relatives =
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}}'''Alphonse Milne-Edwards''' ([[Paris]], 13 October 1835 – Paris, 21 April 1900) was a French [[mammalogy|mammalogist]], [[ornithologist]], and [[carcinologist]]. He was English in origin, the son of [[Henri Milne-Edwards]] and grandson of Bryan Edwards, a Jamaican planter who settled at [[Bruges]] (then in [[French First Republic|France]]).<ref name="Auk"/>


Milne-Edwards obtained a medical degree in 1859 and became assistant to his father at the ''{{lang|fr|Jardin des Plantes}}'' in 1876.<ref name="Auk">{{cite journal |author=Anonymous |year=1900 |title=Obituary – Professor Alphonse Milne-Edwards |journal=[[The Auk]] |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=320–321 |url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v017n03/p0320-p0324.pdf |doi=10.2307/4069150|jstor=4069150 }}</ref> He became the director of the {{lang|fr|[[Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle]]}} in 1891, devoting himself especially to [[fossil]] [[birds]] and deep-sea exploration. In 1881, he undertook a survey of the Gulf of Gascony with [[Léopold de Folin]] and worked aboard the ''Travailleur'' and the ''Talisman'' on trips to the [[Canary Islands]], the [[Cape Verde]] Islands, and the [[Azores]]. For this, he received a gold medal of the [[Royal Geographical Society]].<ref name="Auk"/>
Milne-Edwards obtained a medical degree in 1859 and became assistant to his father at the ''{{lang|fr|Jardin des Plantes}}'' in 1876.<ref name="Auk">{{cite journal |author=Anonymous |year=1900 |title=Obituary – Professor Alphonse Milne-Edwards |journal=[[The Auk]] |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=320–321 |url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v017n03/p0320-p0324.pdf |doi=10.2307/4069150|jstor=4069150 }}</ref> He became the director of the {{lang|fr|[[Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle]]}} in 1891, devoting himself especially to [[fossil]] [[birds]] and deep-sea exploration. In 1881, he undertook a survey of the Gulf of Gascony with [[Léopold de Folin]] and worked aboard the ''Travailleur'' and the ''[[French aviso Talisman|Talisman]],'' researching the seas off the [[Canary Islands]], the [[Cape Verde]] Islands, and the [[Azores]]. For this, he received a gold medal of the [[Royal Geographical Society]].<ref name="Auk"/>


His major ornithological works include ''{{lang|fr|Recherches Anatomiques et Paléontologiques pour servir a l'Histoire des Oiseaux Fossiles de la France}}'' published in two parts in 1867 and 1872, ''{{lang|fr|Recherches sur la Faune ornithologique étiente des iles Mascareignes et de Madagascar}}'' 1866–1874 and ''{{lang|fr|Recherches pour servir à l'histoire naturelle des mammifères}}'' 1868–1874.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Review of ''The Fauna of British India''. Part I. 'Mammalia', edited by W. T. Blanford; ''Recherches pour servir à l'Histoire Naturelle des Mammifères'' par Alphonse Milne Edwards|journal=The Quarterly Review|date=October 1897|volume=186|pages=394–419|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924065563599;view=1up;seq=406}}</ref> His study of fossils led to the discovery of tropical birds such as [[trogon]]s and [[parrot]]s from prehistoric France.<ref name="Auk"/> He worked with [[Alfred Grandidier]] on ''{{lang|fr|L'Histoire politique, physique et naturelle de Madagascar}}''.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Anonymous |year=1922 |title=Obituary – Albert Grandidier |journal=[[The Auk]] |volume=39 |pages=451–456 (453) |url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v039n03/p0451-p0456.pdf |doi=10.2307/4073496 |issue=3|jstor=4073496 }}</ref>
His major ornithological works include ''{{lang|fr|Recherches Anatomiques et Paléontologiques pour servir a l'Histoire des Oiseaux Fossiles de la France}}'' published in two parts in 1867 and 1872, ''{{lang|fr|Recherches sur la Faune ornithologique étiente des iles Mascareignes et de Madagascar}}'' 1866–1874 and ''{{lang|fr|Recherches pour servir à l'histoire naturelle des mammifères}}'' 1868–1874.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Review of ''The Fauna of British India''. Part I. 'Mammalia', edited by W. T. Blanford; ''Recherches pour servir à l'Histoire Naturelle des Mammifères'' par Alphonse Milne Edwards|journal=The Quarterly Review|date=October 1897|volume=186|pages=394–419|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924065563599;view=1up;seq=406}}</ref> His study of fossils led to the discovery of tropical birds such as [[trogon]]s and [[parrot]]s from prehistoric France.<ref name="Auk"/> He worked with [[Alfred Grandidier]] on ''{{lang|fr|L'Histoire politique, physique et naturelle de Madagascar}}''.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Anonymous |year=1922 |title=Obituary – Albert Grandidier |journal=[[The Auk]] |volume=39 |pages=451–456 (453) |url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v039n03/p0451-p0456.pdf |doi=10.2307/4073496 |issue=3|jstor=4073496 }}</ref>


Milne-Edwards also described at least one plant taxon; a species of [[gutta-percha]] collected from the island of [[Grande Comore]], Comoros, by ornithologist [[Léon Humblot]], which Milne-Edwards named ''[[Isonandra]] gutta''.<ref name=trop1>''Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle'' 5: 187–189. 1899. {{ cite web |url=http://tropicos.info/Name/28700712 |title=Name - ''Isonandra gutta'' Milne-Edw. |work=Tropicos |publisher=[[Missouri Botanical Garden]] |location=[[Saint Louis, Missouri]] |access-date=20 August 2013}}</ref> (''I.&nbsp;gutta'' is now considered to be a [[taxonomic synonym]] of ''[[Palaquium gutta]]'' <small>([[Hook.]]) [[William Burck|Burck]]</small>,<ref name=tpl>{{ cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-103099 |title=TPL, treatment of ''Isonandra gutta'' Hook. |work=[[The Plant List]]; Version 1. (published on the internet) |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] and Missouri Botanical Garden |year=2010 |access-date=20 August 2013}}</ref> and a homonym of its [[basionym]] ''Isonandra gutta'' <small>Hook.</small>.)<ref name=trop2>{{ cite web |url=http://tropicos.info/Name/28700712?tab=homonyms |title=Name - ''Isonandra gutta'' Milne-Edw. homonyms |work=Tropicos |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |access-date=20 August 2013}}</ref>
Milne-Edwards also described at least one plant taxon; a species of [[gutta-percha]] collected from the island of [[Grande Comore]], Comoros, by ornithologist [[Léon Humblot]], which Milne-Edwards named ''[[Isonandra]] gutta''.<ref name=trop1>''Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle'' 5: 187–189. 1899. {{cite web |url=http://tropicos.info/Name/28700712 |title=Name - ''Isonandra gutta'' Milne-Edw. |work=Tropicos |publisher=[[Missouri Botanical Garden]] |location=[[Saint Louis, Missouri]] |access-date=20 August 2013 |archive-date=20 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820163017/http://tropicos.info/Name/28700712 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (''I.&nbsp;gutta'' is now considered to be a [[taxonomic synonym]] of ''[[Palaquium gutta]]'' <small>([[Hook.]]) [[William Burck|Burck]]</small>,<ref name=tpl>{{ cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-103099 |title=TPL, treatment of ''Isonandra gutta'' Hook. |work=[[The Plant List]]; Version 1. (published on the internet) |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] and Missouri Botanical Garden |year=2010 |access-date=20 August 2013}}</ref> and a homonym of its [[basionym]] ''Isonandra gutta'' <small>Hook.</small>.)<ref name=trop2>{{cite web |url=http://tropicos.info/Name/28700712?tab=homonyms |title=Name - ''Isonandra gutta'' Milne-Edw. homonyms |work=Tropicos |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |access-date=20 August 2013 |archive-date=20 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820164843/http://tropicos.info/Name/28700712?tab=homonyms |url-status=dead }}</ref>


In 1879, Milne-Edwards was the first to describe the [[giant isopod]] ''[[Bathynomus giganteus|Bathynomus Giganteus]]'' in the Scientific journal ''[[Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences]].'' <ref>https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/partpdf/63104 {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>
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A subspecies of Central American lizard, ''[[Holcosus festivus|Holcosus festivus edwardsii]]'' {{small|[[Marie Firmin Bocourt|Bocourt]], 1873}}, is named in honor of Milne-Edwards.<ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. ("Edwards", p. 80).</ref>

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A subspecies of Central American lizard, ''[[Holcosus festivus|Holcosus festivus edwardsii]]'' {{small|[[Marie Firmin Bocourt|Bocourt]], 1873}}, is named in honor of Milne-Edwards.<ref>[[species:Bo Beolens|Beolens, Bo]]; [[species:Michael Watkins|Watkins, Michael]]; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. ("Edwards", p. 80).</ref>
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{{botanist|Milne-Edw.}}
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Latest revision as of 13:03, 19 August 2024

Alphonse Milne-Edwards
Born(1835-10-13)13 October 1835
Died21 April 1900(1900-04-21) (aged 64)
Known forDiscovery of tropical birds from prehistoric France
FatherHenri Milne-Edwards
AwardsGold medal of the Royal Geographical Society
Scientific career
InstitutionsMuséum National d'Histoire Naturelle
Author abbrev. (botany)Milne-Edw.

Alphonse Milne-Edwards (Paris, 13 October 1835 – Paris, 21 April 1900) was a French mammalogist, ornithologist, and carcinologist. He was English in origin, the son of Henri Milne-Edwards and grandson of Bryan Edwards, a Jamaican planter who settled at Bruges (then in France).[1]

Milne-Edwards obtained a medical degree in 1859 and became assistant to his father at the Jardin des Plantes in 1876.[1] He became the director of the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in 1891, devoting himself especially to fossil birds and deep-sea exploration. In 1881, he undertook a survey of the Gulf of Gascony with Léopold de Folin and worked aboard the Travailleur and the Talisman, researching the seas off the Canary Islands, the Cape Verde Islands, and the Azores. For this, he received a gold medal of the Royal Geographical Society.[1]

His major ornithological works include Recherches Anatomiques et Paléontologiques pour servir a l'Histoire des Oiseaux Fossiles de la France published in two parts in 1867 and 1872, Recherches sur la Faune ornithologique étiente des iles Mascareignes et de Madagascar 1866–1874 and Recherches pour servir à l'histoire naturelle des mammifères 1868–1874.[2] His study of fossils led to the discovery of tropical birds such as trogons and parrots from prehistoric France.[1] He worked with Alfred Grandidier on L'Histoire politique, physique et naturelle de Madagascar.[3]

Milne-Edwards also described at least one plant taxon; a species of gutta-percha collected from the island of Grande Comore, Comoros, by ornithologist Léon Humblot, which Milne-Edwards named Isonandra gutta.[4] (I. gutta is now considered to be a taxonomic synonym of Palaquium gutta (Hook.) Burck,[5] and a homonym of its basionym Isonandra gutta Hook..)[6]

In 1879, Milne-Edwards was the first to describe the giant isopod Bathynomus Giganteus in the Scientific journal Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences. [7]

A subspecies of Central American lizard, Holcosus festivus edwardsii Bocourt, 1873, is named in honor of Milne-Edwards.[8]

The standard author abbreviation Milne-Edw. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[9]

Selected publications

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  • 1850 : Rapport sur la production et l'emploi du sel en Angleterre, Paris.
  • 1860 : « Histoire des crustacés podophthalmaires fossiles ». Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Séries 4, Zoologie, 14 : 129–294, pls. 1-10.
  • 1862-1865 : « Monographie des crustacés de la famille cancériens ». Annales des sciences naturelles, zoologie, Séries 4, 18 (1862) : 31-85 ; 20 (1863) : 273-324 ; Séries 5, 1 (1864) : 31-88 ; 3 (1865) : 297–351.
  • 1862 : « Sur l'existence de Crustacés de la famille des Raniniens pendant la période crétacée ». Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences de Paris, 55 : 492–494.
  • 1864 : Recherches anatomiques, zoologiques et paléontologiques sur la famille des Chevrotains, Martinet, Paris.
  • 1866-1873 : Recherches sur la faune ornithologique éteinte des iles Mascareignes et de Madagascar, Masson, Paris.
  • 1867-1871 : Recherches anatomiques et paléontologiques pour servir à l'histoire des oiseaux fossiles de la France, Masson, Paris.
  • 1868-1874 : Recherches pour servir à l'histoire naturelle des mammifères comprenant des considérations sur la classification de ces animaux par M. H. Milne Edwards, des observations sur l'hippopotame de Liberia et des études sur la faune de la Chine et du Tibet oriental, par M. Alphonse Milne-Edwards, Masson, Paris.
  • 1873 : « Descriptions des quelques crustacés nouveaux ou peu connus provenant du Musée de M. C. Godeffroy ». Journal des Museum Godeffroy, 1 : 77–88, 12–13.
  • 1879 : Notice sur les travaux scientifiques, Martinet, Paris.
  • 1879 : with Giovanni Battista Brocchi (1772-1826) « Note sur quelques Crustacés fossiles appartenant au groupe des macrophthalmiens ». Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris, 3 : 113–117.
  • 1879 : with Alfred Grandidier (1836-1921), Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar. Paris.
  • 1880 : « Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Caribbean Sea, 1877, ‘78, ‘79, by the United States Coast Survey Steamer "Blake"... VIII. Études préliminaires sur les Crustacés ». Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 8 (1) : 1-68.
  • 1881 : « Note sur quelques Crustacés fossiles des environs de Biarritz », Annales des sciences géologique (Paris), 11, article 2, pls. 21–22.
  • 1882 : Éléments de l'Histoire naturelle des Animaux, Masson, Paris.
  • 1888-1906 : Expéditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman pendant les années 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, Masson, Paris.
  • 1891 : Crustacés, Gauthier-Villars, Paris.
  • 1893 : Notice sur quelques espèces d'oiseaux actuellement éteintes qui se trouvent représentées dans les collections du Muséum d'Histoire naturelle, Paris.
  • 1897 : Histoire naturelle des animaux Masson, Paris.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alphonse Milne-Edwards.
  1. ^ a b c d Anonymous (1900). "Obituary – Professor Alphonse Milne-Edwards" (PDF). The Auk. 17 (3): 320–321. doi:10.2307/4069150. JSTOR 4069150.
  2. ^ "Review of The Fauna of British India. Part I. 'Mammalia', edited by W. T. Blanford; Recherches pour servir à l'Histoire Naturelle des Mammifères par Alphonse Milne Edwards". The Quarterly Review. 186: 394–419. October 1897.
  3. ^ Anonymous (1922). "Obituary – Albert Grandidier" (PDF). The Auk. 39 (3): 451–456 (453). doi:10.2307/4073496. JSTOR 4073496.
  4. ^ Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle 5: 187–189. 1899. "Name - Isonandra gutta Milne-Edw". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
  5. ^ "TPL, treatment of Isonandra gutta Hook". The Plant List; Version 1. (published on the internet). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden. 2010. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
  6. ^ "Name - Isonandra gutta Milne-Edw. homonyms". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
  7. ^ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/partpdf/63104 [bare URL]
  8. ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Edwards", p. 80).
  9. ^ International Plant Names Index.  Milne-Edw.
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