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{{About|the anarchist|the footballer|Sébastien Faure (footballer)}}
{{About|the anarchist|the footballer|Sébastien Faure (footballer)}}
{{short description|French anarchist and activist}}
{{Short description|French anarchist (1858–1942)}}
{{Infobox philosopher
⚫
[[File:Fauresebastien police.jpg|thumb|Police photograph of Faure taken before 1918.]]
| image = File:Faure Sebastien.jpg

| name = Sébastien Faure
'''Sébastien Faure''' (born 6 January 1858 in [[Saint-Étienne]], [[Loire (department)|Loire]], [[France]]; died 14 July 1942 in [[Royan]], [[Charente-Maritime]], France) was a [[Anarchism in France|French anarchist]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Gay |first=Kathlyn |title=Encyclopedia of Political Anarchy |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara |year=1999 |isbn=0-87436-982-7 |page=73}}</ref> [[freethought]] and [[secular]]ist activist and a principal proponent of [[synthesis anarchism]].<ref>[http://www.anarkismo.net/article/15329 "Especifismo and Synthesis/ Synthesism" by Felipe Corrêa]</ref><ref>[http://www.acracia.org/Acracia/La_busqueda_de_la_unidad_anarquista.html Jason Garner. "La búsqueda de la unidad anarquista: la Federación Anarquista Ibérica antes de la II República."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031042738/http://www.acracia.org/Acracia/La_busqueda_de_la_unidad_anarquista.html |date=2012-10-31 }}</ref>
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1858|01|6|mf=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1942|07|14|1858|01|6|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Loire (department)|Loire]], [[Second French Empire|French Empire]]
| death_place = [[Royan]], [[Charente-Maritime]], [[German-occupied France]]
|era = {{unbulleted list|[[19th-century philosophy]]|[[20th-century philosophy]]}}
|region = [[Western philosophy]]
|school_tradition = {{plainlist|
* [[Anarcho-communism]]
* [[Socialism]]
* [[Synthesis anarchism]]
}}
| other_names =
| education =
| occupation =
| years_active =
| spouse =
| children =
}}
'''Sébastien Faure''' (6 January 1858 – 14 July 1942)<ref>{{Citation |last=Davranche |first=Jean Maitron, Guillaume |title=FAURE Sébastien, Auguste, Louis |date=2021-08-10 |url=https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article154431 |work=Dictionnaire des anarchistes |place=Paris |publisher=Maitron/Editions de l'Atelier |language=fr |access-date=2022-08-19}}</ref> was a [[Anarchism in France|French anarchist]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Gay |first=Kathlyn |title=Encyclopedia of Political Anarchy |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara |year=1999 |isbn=0-87436-982-7 |page=73}}</ref> convicted sex offender,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=1917–1921: And paedophilia brought down Sébastien Faure |url=https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/guillaume-davranche-1917-1921-and-paedophilia-brought-down-sebastien-faure |access-date=2023-04-27 |website=The Anarchist Library |language=en}}</ref> [[freethought]] and [[secular]]ist activist and a principal proponent of [[synthesis anarchism]].<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.anarkismo.net/article/15329|title=Especifismo and Synthesis/ Synthesism - Anarkismo|website=www.anarkismo.net}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.acracia.org/Acracia/La_busqueda_de_la_unidad_anarquista.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031042738/http://www.acracia.org/Acracia/La_busqueda_de_la_unidad_anarquista.html|url-status=dead|title=Jason Garner. "La búsqueda de la unidad anarquista: la Federación Anarquista Ibérica antes de la II República."|archivedate=October 31, 2012}}</ref>
{{Anarchism sidebar |People}}
{{Anarchism sidebar |People}}

⚫
[[File:Fauresebastien police.jpg|thumb|Police photograph of Faure taken before 1918]]


== Biography ==
== Biography ==
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Before becoming a [[free-thinker]], Faure was a [[Seminary|seminarist]]. He engaged in politics as a [[Socialism|socialist]] before turning to [[anarchism]] in 1888.
Before becoming a [[free-thinker]], Faure was a [[Seminary|seminarist]]. He engaged in politics as a [[Socialism|socialist]] before turning to [[anarchism]] in 1888.


In 1894, he was prosecuted in "The [[Trial of the thirty]]" ("Procès des trente"), but was acquitted. In 1895, he cofounded ''"Le Libertaire"'' with [[Louise Michel]], taking the name of the earlier journal by [[Joseph Déjacque]]. At the time of the [[Dreyfus affair]], he was one of the leading supporters of [[Alfred Dreyfus]]. In 1904, he created a libertarian school called ''"La Ruche"'' (The Hive) close to [[Rambouillet]]. In 1916, he launched the periodical ''"Ce qu'il faut dire"''. Faure also co-founded (with [[Voline]]) the [[Synthesis anarchism|Synthesis]], or also known as [[synthesis anarchism]] which was an influential form of conceiving anarchist federations.<ref>[http://www.anarkismo.net/article/15329 "Especifismo and Synthesis/ Synthesism" by Felipe Corrêa]</ref><ref>[http://www.acracia.org/Acracia/La_busqueda_de_la_unidad_anarquista.html Jason Garner. "La búsqueda de la unidad anarquista: la Federación Anarquista Ibérica antes de la II República."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031042738/http://www.acracia.org/Acracia/La_busqueda_de_la_unidad_anarquista.html |date=2012-10-31 }}</ref>
In 1894, he was prosecuted in "The [[Trial of the thirty]]" ("Procès des trente"), but was acquitted. That same year, he became the guardian of Sidonie Vaillant after the execution of her father, [[Auguste Vaillant]]. In 1895, he cofounded ''"Le Libertaire"'' with [[Louise Michel]], taking the name of the earlier journal by [[Joseph Déjacque]]. At the time of the [[Dreyfus affair]], he was one of the leading supporters of [[Alfred Dreyfus]]. In 1904, he created a libertarian school, ''[[La Ruche (school)|La Ruche]]'' ("The Hive"), close to [[Rambouillet]], which closed in February 1917. In 1916, he launched the periodical ''"Ce qu'il faut dire"''. Faure also co-founded (with [[Volin]]) the [[Synthesis anarchism|Synthesis]], or also known as [[synthesis anarchism]] which was an influential form of conceiving anarchist federations.<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto"/>


=== Pedophilia ===
In 1918, he was imprisoned for organizing an illegal meeting.
On 23 September 1917 Faure was caught sexually assaulting young girls in a Parisian flea market. Accused by multiple witnesses in the crowd, he evaded the police and was sentenced to two years of prison time for [[Indecent exposure|public indecency]]. Discovered and arrested in [[Marseille]] in January 1918, his sentenced was reduced to six months following a retrial. Though he would claim to have been falsely persecuted, he was viewed with suspicion in anarchist circles and avoided political activity until December 1919. However, on 15 March 1921 he was again arrested along with two accomplices, accused of sexually abusing two girls aged 11 and 12. Through the investigation it was revealed that he was known to local children as "Monsieur Fontaine", and had abused five more victims. He was again convicted of public indecency and sentenced to eight months in prison. He again claimed to have been falsely accused and was able to convince his contemporaries, and subsequent analyses of his life tended to dismiss the charges. The case files for his 1917 conviction were not released to the public until 2018, which led to a comprehensive compilation of documents and testimonies published in 2021. This evidence disproved allegations of police manipulation and also revealed previously unknown earlier cases. On 9 September 1903 he was caught molesting three young girls, but released as the parents did not press charges. On 19 November 1907 he was identified as the client of a 14-year old prostitute, but no action was taken. He was again caught on 28 September 1916 while molesting two young girls, but the police commissioner opted to use the case as blackmail to curb his pacifist activism amidst the [[World War I|First World War]]. It is also likely that he used his school La Ruche for his sexual predation, where he had taken in 20 to 30 orphaned children throughout its 13 years of operation. During the 1917 case the anarchist Second Casteu wrote a letter reporting the testimony of his daughter-in-law Marguerite, who had lived at La Ruche, accusing Faure of molesting the children there. After 1921 there are no further documented cases of sexual predation by Faure.<ref name=":0" />


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
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* ''Twelve Proofs of God's Inexistence'' (1908)
* ''Twelve Proofs of God's Inexistence'' (1908)


He was also the founder of the [[Anarchist encyclopedia]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://robertgraham.wordpress.com/2008/12/21/anarchy-anarchist/ |author-link=Robert Graham (historian) |first=Robert |last=Graham |title=Anarchy - Anarchist |work=Robert Graham's Anarchism Weblog |publisher=[[WordPress]] |date=December 21, 2008 |access-date=February 21, 2009}}</ref> as well as the namesake of the [[Sébastien Faure Century]], the French-speaking contingent of the [[Durruti Column]] during the [[Spanish Civil War|civil war in Spain]].
He was also the founder of the [[Anarchist encyclopedia]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rodriguez |first1=Cecilia |title=Landmark Auction In Paris: Treasures From The Homes Of Yves Saint Laurent And Pierre Bergé |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ceciliarodriguez/2018/09/19/landmark-auction-in-paris-treasures-from-the-homes-of-yves-saint-laurent-and-pierre-berge |access-date=11 July 2022 |work=[[Forbes]] |date=19 September 2018 |language=en |quote=as well as Sebastian Faure’s mythical 'Anarchist Encyclopedia.'}}</ref> as well as the namesake of the [[Sébastien Faure Century]], the French-speaking contingent of the [[Durruti Column]] during the [[Spanish Civil War|civil war in Spain]].


== Synthesis anarchism ==
== Synthesis anarchism ==
{{Anarcho-communism sidebar |People}}
{{Anarcho-communism sidebar |People}}


The discussion about the Anarchist Synthesis arises in the context of the discussion on the [[platformism|Organisational Platform of the Libertarian Communists]], written by the Dielo Truda group of Russian exiles in 1926.<ref>[http://www.anarkismo.net/article/15329 "Especifismo and Synthesis/ Synthesism" by Felipe Corrêa]</ref>
The discussion about the Anarchist Synthesis arises in the context of the discussion on the [[platformism|Organisational Platform of the Libertarian Communists]], written by the [[Dielo Truda]] group of Russian exiles in 1926.<ref name="auto1"/>

⚫
Two texts made as responses to the Platform, each proposing a different organizational model, became the basis for what is known as the organisation of synthesis, or simply "synthesism".<ref>[http://www.anarkismo.net/article/15329 "Especifismo and Synthesis/ Synthesism" by Felipe Corrêa]</ref>
⚫
[[Voline]] published in 1924 a paper calling for "the anarchist synthesis" and was also the author of the article in Sébastien Faure's ''Encyclopedie Anarchiste'' on the same topic.<ref>[http://www.infoshop.org/page/AnarchistFAQSectionJ3 "J.3.2 What are "synthesis" federations?"] in [[An Anarchist FAQ]] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007160139/http://www.infoshop.org/page/AnarchistFAQSectionJ3 |date=2010-10-07 }}</ref> The main purpose behind the synthesis was that the anarchist movement in most countries was divided into three main tendencies: [[communist anarchism]], [[anarcho-syndicalism]], and [[individualist anarchism]]<ref>[http://www.infoshop.org/page/AnarchistFAQSectionJ3 "J.3.2 What are "synthesis" federations?"] in [[An Anarchist FAQ]] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007160139/http://www.infoshop.org/page/AnarchistFAQSectionJ3 |date=2010-10-07 }}</ref> and so such an organization could contain anarchists of these three tendencies very well.

⚫
The platformists wanted to push their ideas forward through organizing an international anarchist congress on 12 February 1927.<ref>[http://www.acracia.org/Acracia/La_busqueda_de_la_unidad_anarquista.html Jason Garner. "La búsqueda de la unidad anarquista: la Federación Anarquista Ibérica antes de la II República."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031042738/http://www.acracia.org/Acracia/La_busqueda_de_la_unidad_anarquista.html |date=2012-10-31 }}</ref> Shortly later in the National Congress of the French Anarchist Union (UAF), the Dielo Truda Group achieved making their platform more popular and so they made the UAF change its name into Revolutionary Anarcho-Communist Union (UACR). Sébastien Faure led a faction within the UACR that decided to separate themselves from this organization and form outside it the Association of Federalist Anarchists (AFA), thinking that traditional anarchist ideas were being threatened by the Dielo Truda platform.<ref>"Tras la victoria de los plataformistas en el Congreso de París de 1929, una sección de los que consideraron que las ideas tradicionales del anarquismo estaban siendo atacadas se separó de la UACR para formar la Asociación de los Federalistas Anarquistas a comienzos de 192821. La principal figura de la AFA fue Sébastien Faure que, como respuesta a la Plataforma, expuso sus propuestas para un movimiento anarquista unificado en La síntesis anarquista, que apareció primero como un suplemento del informe de la AFA de febrero de 1928 titulado Le Trait d’Union Libertaire"[http://www.acracia.org/Acracia/La_busqueda_de_la_unidad_anarquista.html Jason Garner. "La búsqueda de la unidad anarquista: la Federación Anarquista Ibérica antes de la II República."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031042738/http://www.acracia.org/Acracia/La_busqueda_de_la_unidad_anarquista.html |date=2012-10-31 }}</ref> Shortly later in his text "Anarchist synthesis" he exposes the view that "these currents were not contradictory but complementary, each having a role within anarchism: [[anarcho-syndicalism]] as the strength of the mass organisations and the best way for the practice of anarchism; [[libertarian communism]] as a proposed future society based on the distribution of the fruits of labour according to the needs of each one; [[anarcho-individualism]] as a negation of oppression and affirming the individual right to development of the individual, seeking to please them in every way.<ref>[http://www.anarkismo.net/article/15329 "Especifismo and Synthesis/ Synthesism" by Felipe Corrêa]</ref> Sebastian Faure had strong contacts in Spain and so his proposal had more impact with Spanish anarchists than the Dielo Truda platform even though individualist anarchist influence in Spain was less strong than it was in France. The main goal there was reconciling anarcho-communism with anarcho-syndicalism.<ref>"Debido a sus contactos e influencia con el movimiento del exilio español, la propuesta de Faure arraigó más en los círculos españoles que la Plataforma, y fue publicada en las prensas libertarias tanto en España como en Bélgica25. En esencia, Faure intentaba reunir a la familia anarquista sin imponer la rígida estructura que proponía la Plataforma, y en España se aceptó así. Opuesta a la situación de Francia, en España la influencia del anarquismo individualista no fue un motivo serio de ruptura. Aunque las ideas de ciertos individualistas como Han Ryner y Émile Armand tuvieron cierto impacto sobre el anarquismo español, afectaron sólo a aspectos como el sexo y el amor libre."[http://www.acracia.org/Acracia/La_busqueda_de_la_unidad_anarquista.html Jason Garner. "La búsqueda de la unidad anarquista: la Federación Anarquista Ibérica antes de la II República."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031042738/http://www.acracia.org/Acracia/La_busqueda_de_la_unidad_anarquista.html |date=2012-10-31 }}</ref>

== Views ==

Faure's view of pedagogy was that every single aspect of a human being had to be developed. Faure identified three aspects: physical, mental and moral. He thought that a man or a woman needed to be able to accomplish physical, manual tasks as well as to have a minimum of culture and think and be able to develop ideas. All this in a respectful, mutual, equal and free environment.

== La Ruche ==


⚫
Two texts made as responses to the Platform, each proposing a different organizational model, became the basis for what is known as the organisation of synthesis, or simply "synthesism".<ref name="auto1"/>
Created in 1904, the source of capital for La Ruche (The Hive) at the beginning was the product of Faure's seminars. It became self-sufficient in three years' time. Its founding principles were similar to Proudhon's Permanent Education and Paul Robin's "good birth, good education and good social organisation."
⚫
[[Volin]] published in 1924 a paper calling for "the anarchist synthesis" and was also the author of the article in Sébastien Faure's ''Encyclopedie Anarchiste'' on the same topic.<ref name="auto2">[http://www.infoshop.org/page/AnarchistFAQSectionJ3 "J.3.2 What are "synthesis" federations?"] in An Anarchist FAQ {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007160139/http://www.infoshop.org/page/AnarchistFAQSectionJ3|date=2010-10-07}}</ref> The main purpose behind the synthesis was that the anarchist movement in most countries was divided into three main tendencies: [[communist anarchism]], [[anarcho-syndicalism]], and [[individualist anarchism]]<ref name="auto2"/> and so such an organization could contain anarchists of these three tendencies very well.


⚫
The platformists wanted to push their ideas forward through organizing an international anarchist congress on 12 February 1927.<ref name="auto"/> Shortly later in the National Congress of the French Anarchist Union (UAF), the Dielo Truda Group achieved making their platform more popular and so they made the UAF change its name into Revolutionary Anarcho-Communist Union (UACR). Sébastien Faure led a faction within the UACR that decided to separate themselves from this organization and form outside it the Association of Federalist Anarchists (AFA), thinking that traditional anarchist ideas were being threatened by the Dielo Truda platform.<ref>"Tras la victoria de los plataformistas en el Congreso de París de 1929, una sección de los que consideraron que las ideas tradicionales del anarquismo estaban siendo atacadas se separó de la UACR para formar la Asociación de los Federalistas Anarquistas a comienzos de 192821. La principal figura de la AFA fue Sébastien Faure que, como respuesta a la Plataforma, expuso sus propuestas para un movimiento anarquista unificado en La síntesis anarquista, que apareció primero como un suplemento del informe de la AFA de febrero de 1928 titulado Le Trait d’Union Libertaire"[http://www.acracia.org/Acracia/La_busqueda_de_la_unidad_anarquista.html Jason Garner. "La búsqueda de la unidad anarquista: la Federación Anarquista Ibérica antes de la II República."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031042738/http://www.acracia.org/Acracia/La_busqueda_de_la_unidad_anarquista.html |date=2012-10-31 }}</ref> Shortly later in his text "Anarchist synthesis" he exposes the view that "these currents were not contradictory but complementary, each having a role within anarchism: [[anarcho-syndicalism]] as the strength of the mass organisations and the best way for the practice of anarchism; [[libertarian communism]] as a proposed future society based on the distribution of the fruits of labour according to the needs of each one; [[anarcho-individualism]] as a negation of oppression and affirming the individual right to development of the individual, seeking to please them in every way."<ref name="auto1"/> Sebastian Faure had strong contacts in Spain and so his proposal had more impact with Spanish anarchists than the Dielo Truda platform even though individualist anarchist influence in Spain was less strong than it was in France. The main goal there was reconciling anarcho-communism with anarcho-syndicalism.<ref>"Debido a sus contactos e influencia con el movimiento del exilio español, la propuesta de Faure arraigó más en los círculos españoles que la Plataforma, y fue publicada en las prensas libertarias tanto en España como en Bélgica25. En esencia, Faure intentaba reunir a la familia anarquista sin imponer la rígida estructura que proponía la Plataforma, y en España se aceptó así. Opuesta a la situación de Francia, en España la influencia del anarquismo individualista no fue un motivo serio de ruptura. Aunque las ideas de ciertos individualistas como Han Ryner y Émile Armand tuvieron cierto impacto sobre el anarquismo español, afectaron sólo a aspectos como el sexo y el amor libre."[http://www.acracia.org/Acracia/La_busqueda_de_la_unidad_anarquista.html Jason Garner. "La búsqueda de la unidad anarquista: la Federación Anarquista Ibérica antes de la II República."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031042738/http://www.acracia.org/Acracia/La_busqueda_de_la_unidad_anarquista.html |date=2012-10-31 }}</ref>
The three main spheres of pedagogy were fulfilled through classes, work in the field and all the different activities necessary to ensure the self-sufficiency of the Hive. The moral values were implemented through respect of the child's autonomy, positive method, absence of ranking or any form of categorization (except some activities were reserved to particular groups of age), coeducation, and sexual education (all activities being mixed.)


== Works ==
== Selected works ==


* [https://www.revoltlib.com/?id=3279 The Anarchist Synthesis (1927)]
* [https://www.revoltlib.com/?id=3279 The Anarchist Synthesis (1927)]
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{{Commons category|Sébastien Faure}}
{{Commons category|Sébastien Faure}}
{{Wikisource|Author:Sébastien Faure|Sébastien Faure}}
{{Wikisource|Author:Sébastien Faure|Sébastien Faure}}
* [https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/faure/index.htm Articles by Sébastien Faure on Marxists.org]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060219235717/http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/FaureSebastien.htm Sébastien Faure page] at the Daily Bleed's Anarchist Encyclopedia.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060219235717/http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/FaureSebastien.htm Sébastien Faure page] at the Daily Bleed's Anarchist Encyclopedia.
* The anarchist encyclopedia [https://archive.org/details/EncyclopedieAnarchisteTome1 Volume 1] [https://archive.org/details/EncyclopedieAnarchisteTome2 Volume 2] [https://archive.org/details/EncyclopedieAnarchisteTome3 Volume 3] [https://archive.org/details/EncyclopedieAnarchisteTome4 Volume 4]
* The anarchist encyclopedia [https://archive.org/details/EncyclopedieAnarchisteTome1 Volume 1] [https://archive.org/details/EncyclopedieAnarchisteTome2 Volume 2] [https://archive.org/details/EncyclopedieAnarchisteTome3 Volume 3] [https://archive.org/details/EncyclopedieAnarchisteTome4 Volume 4]
Line 67: Line 81:
* [http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/bright/faure/revforces.html The Revolutionary Forces by Sebastien Faure]
* [http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/bright/faure/revforces.html The Revolutionary Forces by Sebastien Faure]
* [https://www.revoltlib.com/people/sebastien-faure/view.php Sébastien Faure French Freethinker, Secularist, and Proponent of Synthesis Anarchism, at RevoltLib.com]
* [https://www.revoltlib.com/people/sebastien-faure/view.php Sébastien Faure French Freethinker, Secularist, and Proponent of Synthesis Anarchism, at RevoltLib.com]
* [http://landrucimetieres.fr/spip/spip.php?article3391 ROYAN (17) : cimetière des Tilleuls - Cimetières de France et d'ailleurs]
*[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/guillaume-davranche-1917-1921-and-paedophilia-brought-down-sebastien-faure 1917–1921: And paedophilia brought down Sébastien Faure]


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:1942 deaths]]
[[Category:1942 deaths]]
[[Category:Anarcho-communists]]
[[Category:Anarcho-communists]]
[[Category:People from Saint-Étienne]]
[[Category:Politicians from Saint-Étienne]]
[[Category:French anarchists]]
[[Category:French anarchists]]
[[Category:Synthesis anarchism]]
[[Category:Synthesis anarchism]]
[[Category:French socialists]]
[[Category:French socialists]]
[[Category:Anarchists without adjectives]]
[[Category:Freethought writers]]
[[Category:Freethought writers]]
[[Category:French atheism activists]]
[[Category:French atheism activists]]
[[Category:French people convicted of child sexual abuse]]
[[Category:French magazine founders]]

Latest revision as of 01:56, 24 July 2024

This article is about the anarchist. For the footballer, see Sébastien Faure (footballer).
Sébastien Faure
Born(1858-01-06)January 6, 1858
Loire, French Empire
DiedJuly 14, 1942(1942-07-14) (aged 84)
Royan, Charente-Maritime, German-occupied France
Era
RegionWestern philosophy
School

Sébastien Faure (6 January 1858 – 14 July 1942)[1] was a French anarchist,[2] convicted sex offender,[3] freethought and secularist activist and a principal proponent of synthesis anarchism.[4][5]

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    Police photograph of Faure taken before 1918

    Biography

    [edit]

    Before becoming a free-thinker, Faure was a seminarist. He engaged in politics as a socialist before turning to anarchism in 1888.

    In 1894, he was prosecuted in "The Trial of the thirty" ("Procès des trente"), but was acquitted. That same year, he became the guardian of Sidonie Vaillant after the execution of her father, Auguste Vaillant. In 1895, he cofounded "Le Libertaire" with Louise Michel, taking the name of the earlier journal by Joseph Déjacque. At the time of the Dreyfus affair, he was one of the leading supporters of Alfred Dreyfus. In 1904, he created a libertarian school, La Ruche ("The Hive"), close to Rambouillet, which closed in February 1917. In 1916, he launched the periodical "Ce qu'il faut dire". Faure also co-founded (with Volin) the Synthesis, or also known as synthesis anarchism which was an influential form of conceiving anarchist federations.[4][5]

    Pedophilia

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    On 23 September 1917 Faure was caught sexually assaulting young girls in a Parisian flea market. Accused by multiple witnesses in the crowd, he evaded the police and was sentenced to two years of prison time for public indecency. Discovered and arrested in Marseille in January 1918, his sentenced was reduced to six months following a retrial. Though he would claim to have been falsely persecuted, he was viewed with suspicion in anarchist circles and avoided political activity until December 1919. However, on 15 March 1921 he was again arrested along with two accomplices, accused of sexually abusing two girls aged 11 and 12. Through the investigation it was revealed that he was known to local children as "Monsieur Fontaine", and had abused five more victims. He was again convicted of public indecency and sentenced to eight months in prison. He again claimed to have been falsely accused and was able to convince his contemporaries, and subsequent analyses of his life tended to dismiss the charges. The case files for his 1917 conviction were not released to the public until 2018, which led to a comprehensive compilation of documents and testimonies published in 2021. This evidence disproved allegations of police manipulation and also revealed previously unknown earlier cases. On 9 September 1903 he was caught molesting three young girls, but released as the parents did not press charges. On 19 November 1907 he was identified as the client of a 14-year old prostitute, but no action was taken. He was again caught on 28 September 1916 while molesting two young girls, but the police commissioner opted to use the case as blackmail to curb his pacifist activism amidst the First World War. It is also likely that he used his school La Ruche for his sexual predation, where he had taken in 20 to 30 orphaned children throughout its 13 years of operation. During the 1917 case the anarchist Second Casteu wrote a letter reporting the testimony of his daughter-in-law Marguerite, who had lived at La Ruche, accusing Faure of molesting the children there. After 1921 there are no further documented cases of sexual predation by Faure.[3]

    Bibliography

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    He is recognized for his pedagogy and his qualities as a speaker, and is the author of several books:

    • The universal pain (1895)
    • My Communism (1921)
    • The Forces Of The Revolution (1921)
    • Religious imposture (1923)
    • Subversive remarks
    • Twelve Proofs of God's Inexistence (1908)

    He was also the founder of the Anarchist encyclopedia,[6] as well as the namesake of the Sébastien Faure Century, the French-speaking contingent of the Durruti Column during the civil war in Spain.

    Synthesis anarchism

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    Part of a series on
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    The discussion about the Anarchist Synthesis arises in the context of the discussion on the Organisational Platform of the Libertarian Communists, written by the Dielo Truda group of Russian exiles in 1926.[4]

    Two texts made as responses to the Platform, each proposing a different organizational model, became the basis for what is known as the organisation of synthesis, or simply "synthesism".[4] Volin published in 1924 a paper calling for "the anarchist synthesis" and was also the author of the article in Sébastien Faure's Encyclopedie Anarchiste on the same topic.[7] The main purpose behind the synthesis was that the anarchist movement in most countries was divided into three main tendencies: communist anarchism, anarcho-syndicalism, and individualist anarchism[7] and so such an organization could contain anarchists of these three tendencies very well.

    The platformists wanted to push their ideas forward through organizing an international anarchist congress on 12 February 1927.[5] Shortly later in the National Congress of the French Anarchist Union (UAF), the Dielo Truda Group achieved making their platform more popular and so they made the UAF change its name into Revolutionary Anarcho-Communist Union (UACR). Sébastien Faure led a faction within the UACR that decided to separate themselves from this organization and form outside it the Association of Federalist Anarchists (AFA), thinking that traditional anarchist ideas were being threatened by the Dielo Truda platform.[8] Shortly later in his text "Anarchist synthesis" he exposes the view that "these currents were not contradictory but complementary, each having a role within anarchism: anarcho-syndicalism as the strength of the mass organisations and the best way for the practice of anarchism; libertarian communism as a proposed future society based on the distribution of the fruits of labour according to the needs of each one; anarcho-individualism as a negation of oppression and affirming the individual right to development of the individual, seeking to please them in every way."[4] Sebastian Faure had strong contacts in Spain and so his proposal had more impact with Spanish anarchists than the Dielo Truda platform even though individualist anarchist influence in Spain was less strong than it was in France. The main goal there was reconciling anarcho-communism with anarcho-syndicalism.[9]

    Selected works

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    See also

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    References

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    1. ^ Davranche, Jean Maitron, Guillaume (2021-08-10), "FAURE Sébastien, Auguste, Louis", Dictionnaire des anarchistes (in French), Paris: Maitron/Editions de l'Atelier, retrieved 2022-08-19{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
    2. ^ Gay, Kathlyn (1999). Encyclopedia of Political Anarchy. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 73. ISBN 0-87436-982-7.
    3. ^ a b "1917–1921: And paedophilia brought down Sébastien Faure". The Anarchist Library. Retrieved 2023-04-27.
    4. ^ a b c d e "Especifismo and Synthesis/ Synthesism - Anarkismo". www.anarkismo.net.
    5. ^ a b c "Jason Garner. "La búsqueda de la unidad anarquista: la Federación Anarquista Ibérica antes de la II República."". Archived from the original on October 31, 2012.
    6. ^ Rodriguez, Cecilia (19 September 2018). "Landmark Auction In Paris: Treasures From The Homes Of Yves Saint Laurent And Pierre Bergé". Forbes. Retrieved 11 July 2022. as well as Sebastian Faure's mythical 'Anarchist Encyclopedia.'
    7. ^ a b "J.3.2 What are "synthesis" federations?" in An Anarchist FAQ Archived 2010-10-07 at the Wayback Machine
    8. ^ "Tras la victoria de los plataformistas en el Congreso de París de 1929, una sección de los que consideraron que las ideas tradicionales del anarquismo estaban siendo atacadas se separó de la UACR para formar la Asociación de los Federalistas Anarquistas a comienzos de 192821. La principal figura de la AFA fue Sébastien Faure que, como respuesta a la Plataforma, expuso sus propuestas para un movimiento anarquista unificado en La síntesis anarquista, que apareció primero como un suplemento del informe de la AFA de febrero de 1928 titulado Le Trait d’Union Libertaire"Jason Garner. "La búsqueda de la unidad anarquista: la Federación Anarquista Ibérica antes de la II República." Archived 2012-10-31 at the Wayback Machine
    9. ^ "Debido a sus contactos e influencia con el movimiento del exilio español, la propuesta de Faure arraigó más en los círculos españoles que la Plataforma, y fue publicada en las prensas libertarias tanto en España como en Bélgica25. En esencia, Faure intentaba reunir a la familia anarquista sin imponer la rígida estructura que proponía la Plataforma, y en España se aceptó así. Opuesta a la situación de Francia, en España la influencia del anarquismo individualista no fue un motivo serio de ruptura. Aunque las ideas de ciertos individualistas como Han Ryner y Émile Armand tuvieron cierto impacto sobre el anarquismo español, afectaron sólo a aspectos como el sexo y el amor libre."Jason Garner. "La búsqueda de la unidad anarquista: la Federación Anarquista Ibérica antes de la II República." Archived 2012-10-31 at the Wayback Machine
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