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Plum Island (Wisconsin): Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 45°18′29″N 86°57′11″W / 45.308132°N 86.953142°W / 45.308132; -86.953142
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{{Short description|Island in Door County, Wisconsin}}
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'''Plum Island''' is an island in [[Lake Michigan]] in the southern part of the town of [[Washington, Door County, Wisconsin|Washington]] in [[Door County, Wisconsin|Door County]], off the tip of the [[Door Peninsula]] in the [[U.S.]] state of [[Wisconsin]].<ref>{{cite gnis|1571697|Plum Island (Wisconsin)}}</ref> The uninhabited island has a land area of {{convert|1.179|km2|mi2}} or {{convert|117.87|ha|acre}}. The island is a bird sanctuary under control of the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] and part of the [[Green Bay National Wildlife Refuge]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dnr.wi.gov/wnrmag/2015/04/island.htm|title=Wisconsin's newest island destination -- Wisconsin Natural Resources magazine -- April 2015|last=Warren|first=Joseph|website=dnr.wi.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-06-26}}</ref> and is also open to the public for recreational purposes.<ref>[https://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/Green%20Bay%20Public%20Use%20Regs.19.508(1).pdf Green Bay National Wildlife Refuge Hunt, Fish & Public Use Regulations 2021-2022], ''USFWS''</ref> The island also holds the unmanned [[Plum Island Range Lights]].
'''Plum Island''' is an island in [[Lake Michigan]] in the southern part of the town of [[Washington, Door County, Wisconsin|Washington]] in [[Door County, Wisconsin|Door County]], off the tip of the [[Door Peninsula]] in the [[U.S.]] state of [[Wisconsin]].<ref>{{cite gnis|1571697|Plum Island (Wisconsin)}}</ref> The uninhabited island has a land area of {{convert|1.179|km2|mi2}} or {{convert|117.87|ha|acre}}. Carp Lake is located on the northwestern side. During years when Lake Michigan's water levels are high, it is a lagoon of Lake Michigan, but it gets cut off as a separate lake during low-water years.<ref name=mibotanist2001>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015042514722&view=1up&seq=277 Flora and Vegetation of the Grand Traverse Islands (Lake Michigan), Wisconsin and Michigan] by Emmet J. Judziewicz, ''The Michigan Botanist'', Volume 40, Number 4, October 2001, page 127</ref>


The island is a bird sanctuary under control of the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] and part of the [[Green Bay National Wildlife Refuge]] since 2007,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dnr.wi.gov/wnrmag/2015/04/island.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516120936/http://dnr.wi.gov/wnrmag/2015/04/island.htm |archive-date=2015-05-16 |title=Wisconsin's newest island destination, ''Wisconsin Natural Resources magazine'', April 2015|last=Warren|first=Joseph|website=dnr.wi.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-06-26}} (Archived May 16, 2015)</ref> and is open to the public for recreational purposes.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220223152911/https://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/Green%20Bay%20Public%20Use%20Regs.19.508(1).pdf Green Bay National Wildlife Refuge Hunt, Fish & Public Use Regulations 2021-2022], ''USFWS'' (Archived February 23, 2022)</ref> The island also holds the unmanned [[Plum Island Range Lights]] and now-closed Plum Island Lifesaving Station.
== History ==

⚫
The border between Wisconsin and Michigan was originally defined as "the most usual ship channel" into [[Green Bay (Lake Michigan)|Green Bay]] from Lake Michigan but commercial routes existed both to the north and south of the island which led to a border dispute. In 1936, the U.S. Supreme Court decision ''[[Wisconsin v. Michigan]]'' found that Plum and three other islands were part of Wisconsin.
== Border Dispute ==
⚫
The border between Wisconsin and Michigan was originally defined as "the most usual ship channel" into [[Green Bay (Lake Michigan)|Green Bay]] from Lake Michigan, but commercial routes existed both to the north and south of the island, which led to a border dispute. In 1936, the U.S. Supreme Court decision ''[[Wisconsin v. Michigan]]'' found that Plum and other nearby islands were part of Wisconsin.


== Climate ==
== Climate ==
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|source = <ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|access-date = 30 January 2016 |publisher= NASA}}</ref>
|source = <ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web |url= https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/|title= NASA EarthData Search |access-date = 30 January 2016 |publisher= NASA}}</ref>
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== Lifesaving Station and Range Lights ==
== View on the north side of the island ==
[[File:Plum Island, Door County, Wisconsin, USFWS.png|thumb|left|upright=1.5|View on the north side of Plum Island]]
[[File:Plum Island Life Saving station.jpg|thumb|Lifesaving station from Lake Michigan]]
[[File:PlumRearLight.jpg|thumb|Plum Island Rear Range Light]]
A [[lighthouse]] was built on the island in 1848 and abandoned when it was decided to move it to nearby Pilot Island in 1858. The island was re-colonized in 1895–6, when both a lifesaving station on the northeast corner and a set of [[Leading lights|range lights]] on the western side were built. The lifesaving station operated from 1895 to 1991, before being moved to nearby [[Washington Island (Wisconsin)|Washington Island]], while the range lights were automated in 1969 and remain{{When|date=May 2024}} an active aid to navigation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.plumandpilot.org/history.html |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=Friends of Plum & Pilot Islands |language=en}}</ref>{{clear}}


== Shipwreck ==
{{clear}}
The wreck of the [[Grape Shot (shipwreck)|''Grape Shot'']] is {{Convert|0.18|mi|km}} northwest of the lifesaving station in {{Convert|8|ft}} of water. It sank in 1867 after being driven ashore in a gale while carrying a cargo of lumber.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grape Shot (1855) - WI Shipwrecks |url=https://www.wisconsinshipwrecks.org/Vessel/Details/248 |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=www.wisconsinshipwrecks.org}}</ref>


== Nearby islands ==
== Nearby islands ==
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== External links ==
== External links ==
*[https://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/Plum-Island-Trail-Map(1).pdf Plum Island Trail Map], ''USFWS''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210905232100/https://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/Plum-Island-Trail-Map(1).pdf Plum Island Trail Map], ''USFWS'' (Archived September 5, 2021)
*[https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Green_Bay/visit/plan_your_visit.html Plum Island visit planning website], ''USFWS''
* [https://fws.gov/refuge/green-bay/visit-us Plum Island visit website], ''USFWS''
* [http://map.co.door.wi.us/map/index.html?call=search_pin&fieldname0=PIN&value0=0280126332960 Plum Island], Web-Map of Door County, Wisconsin


{{Lake Michigan Islands|state=expanded}}
{{Lake Michigan Islands|state=expanded}}
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[[Category:Protected areas of Door County, Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Door County, Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Former disputed islands]]
[[Category:Former disputed islands]]


{{DoorCountyWI-geo-stub}}

Latest revision as of 03:34, 13 May 2024

Plum Island
Plum Island is located in Wisconsin
Plum Island
Plum Island
Plum Island is located in the United States
Plum Island
Plum Island
Geography
LocationDoor County, Wisconsin
Coordinates45°18′29″N 86°57′11″W / 45.308132°N 86.953142°W / 45.308132; -86.953142
Area0.455 sq mi (1.18 km2)
Highest elevation610 ft (186 m)
Administration
United States
StateWisconsin
CountyDoor County
TownWashington Island

Plum Island is an island in Lake Michigan in the southern part of the town of Washington in Door County, off the tip of the Door Peninsula in the U.S. state of Wisconsin.[1] The uninhabited island has a land area of 1.179 square kilometres (0.455 sq mi) or 117.87 hectares (291.3 acres). Carp Lake is located on the northwestern side. During years when Lake Michigan's water levels are high, it is a lagoon of Lake Michigan, but it gets cut off as a separate lake during low-water years.[2]

The island is a bird sanctuary under control of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and part of the Green Bay National Wildlife Refuge since 2007,[3] and is open to the public for recreational purposes.[4] The island also holds the unmanned Plum Island Range Lights and now-closed Plum Island Lifesaving Station.

Border Dispute

[edit]

The border between Wisconsin and Michigan was originally defined as "the most usual ship channel" into Green Bay from Lake Michigan, but commercial routes existed both to the north and south of the island, which led to a border dispute. In 1936, the U.S. Supreme Court decision Wisconsin v. Michigan found that Plum and other nearby islands were part of Wisconsin.

Climate

[edit]
Plum Island
Climate chart (explanation)
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█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: [5]
Imperial conversion
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█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

Lifesaving Station and Range Lights

[edit]
Lifesaving station from Lake Michigan
Plum Island Rear Range Light

A lighthouse was built on the island in 1848 and abandoned when it was decided to move it to nearby Pilot Island in 1858. The island was re-colonized in 1895–6, when both a lifesaving station on the northeast corner and a set of range lights on the western side were built. The lifesaving station operated from 1895 to 1991, before being moved to nearby Washington Island, while the range lights were automated in 1969 and remain[when?] an active aid to navigation.[6]

Shipwreck

[edit]

The wreck of the Grape Shot is 0.18 miles (0.29 km) northwest of the lifesaving station in 8 feet (2.4 m) of water. It sank in 1867 after being driven ashore in a gale while carrying a cargo of lumber.[7]

Nearby islands

[edit]
Plum Island is at the lower left. Pilot Island is at the lower right with Detroit Island at center-right and Washington Island in the distance.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Plum Island (Wisconsin)". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
  2. ^ Flora and Vegetation of the Grand Traverse Islands (Lake Michigan), Wisconsin and Michigan by Emmet J. Judziewicz, The Michigan Botanist, Volume 40, Number 4, October 2001, page 127
  3. ^ Warren, Joseph. "Wisconsin's newest island destination, Wisconsin Natural Resources magazine, April 2015". dnr.wi.gov. Archived from the original on 2015-05-16. Retrieved 2018-06-26. (Archived May 16, 2015)
  4. ^ Green Bay National Wildlife Refuge Hunt, Fish & Public Use Regulations 2021-2022, USFWS (Archived February 23, 2022)
  5. ^ "NASA EarthData Search". NASA. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  6. ^ "History". Friends of Plum & Pilot Islands. Retrieved 2023-09-03.
  7. ^ "Grape Shot (1855) - WI Shipwrecks". www.wisconsinshipwrecks.org. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Plum Island (Wisconsin).
[edit]
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