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{{Short description|Extinct genus of reptiles}}
{{Short description|Extinct genus of reptiles}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{italictitle}}{{Taxobox
| fossil_range = [[Early Cretaceous]], 130 [[Mya (unit)|Ma]]
| name = ''Simbirskiasaurus''
| image =
| image =
| image_width =
| image_caption =
| image_caption =
| taxon = Simbirskiasaurus
| fossil_range = [[Early Cretaceous]], 130 [[Mya (unit)|Ma]]
| authority = Ochev and Efimov, 1985
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| classis = [[Sauropsida]]
| ordo = [[Ichthyosauria]]
| familia = [[Ophthalmosauridae]]
| subfamilia = [[Platypterygiinae]]
| genus = '''''Simbirskiasaurus'''''
| genus_authority = Ochev and Efimov, 1985
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision =
| subdivision =
*''S. birjukovi'' <small>Ochev and Efimov, 1985 ([[Type (biology)|Type]])</small>
*''S. birjukovi'' <small>Ochev and Efimov, 1985 ([[Type (biology)|Type]])</small>
}}
}}


'''''Simbirskiasaurus''''' is an extinct genus of [[Ichthyosaur]] from the [[Early Cretaceous]] (early [[Barremian]]) of [[Ulyanovsk Province]], [[Russia]].<ref name="sepkoskidatabase">{{cite journal | last = Sepkoski | first = Jack | title = A compendium of fossil marine animal genera (entry on Reptilia) | journal = Bulletins of American Paleontology | volume = 364 |page=560 | date = 2002 | url = http://strata.geology.wisc.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=663&rank=class | accessdate = 2008-09-28}}</ref><ref name=F14>Valentin Fischer, Maxim S. Arkhangelsky, Darren Naish, Ilya M. Stenshin, Gleb N. Uspensky and Pascal Godefroit (2014) Simbirskiasaurus and Pervushovisaurus reassessed: implications for the taxonomy and cranial osteology of Cretaceous platypterygiine ichthyosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 171(4): 822–841. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/zoj.12158/abstract</ref> Its type specimen is '''YKM 65119''', a fragmentary skull and vertebral column.<ref>Storrs, G. W., M. S. Arkhangel'skii and V. M. Efimov. 2000. Mesozoic marine reptiles of Russia and other former Soviet republics. pages 187-210 In Benton, M. J., M. A. Shiskin, D. M. Unwin and E. N. Kurochkin, (eds.), The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.</ref>
'''''Simbirskiasaurus''''' is an extinct genus of [[ichthyosaur]] from the [[Early Cretaceous]] (early [[Barremian]]) of [[Ulyanovsk Oblast]], [[Russia]].<ref name="sepkoskidatabase">{{cite journal | last = Sepkoski | first = Jack | title = A compendium of fossil marine animal genera (entry on Reptilia) | journal = Bulletins of American Paleontology | volume = 364 |page=560 | date = 2002 | url = http://strata.geology.wisc.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=663&rank=class | accessdate = 2008-09-28}}</ref><ref name=F14>Valentin Fischer, Maxim S. Arkhangelsky, Darren Naish, Ilya M. Stenshin, Gleb N. Uspensky and Pascal Godefroit (2014) Simbirskiasaurus and Pervushovisaurus reassessed: implications for the taxonomy and cranial osteology of Cretaceous platypterygiine ichthyosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 171(4): 822–841. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/zoj.12158/abstract</ref> Its type specimen is '''YKM 65119''', a fragmentary skull and vertebral column.<ref>Storrs, G. W., M. S. Arkhangel'skii and V. M. Efimov. 2000. Mesozoic marine reptiles of Russia and other former Soviet republics. pages 187-210 In Benton, M. J., M. A. Shiskin, D. M. Unwin and E. N. Kurochkin, (eds.), The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
Fischer ''et al''. give the diagnosis of ''Simbirskiasaurus'' as follows: "Platypterygiine ophthalmosaurid characterized by the following autapomorphies: external naris divided by a nasomaxillary pillar; posterior opening of the narial complex with anteroposteriorly constricted dorsal extension; deeply interdigitating prefrontal–lacrimal suture [reminiscent of the basal neoichthyosaurian ''[[Temnodontosaurus platyodon]]'' (Conybeare, 1822); see Godefroit, 1993]. ''Simbirskiasaurus birjukovi'' is also characterized by the following unique combination of features: subnarial process of the premaxilla reaches the posterior margin of the external naris (shared with ''[[Cryopterygius kristiansenae]]'' Druckenmiller ''et al''., 2012); elongated anterior process of the maxilla, reaching anteriorly the level of the nasal [unlike in ''[[Aegirosaurus leptospondylus]]'' Bardet & Fernández, 2000 and ''[[Sveltonectes insolitus]]'' (Fischer ''et al''., 2011b)]; pres- ence of a supranarial process of the premaxilla [shared with ''[[Platypterygius australis]]'' (McCoy, 1867), see Kear, 2005, and possibly ''[[Pervushovisaurus|Pervushovisaurus bannovkensis]]'' (Arkhangelsky, 1998b)]."<ref name=F14/>
Fischer ''et al''. give the diagnosis of ''Simbirskiasaurus'' as follows: "Platypterygiine ophthalmosaurid characterized by the following autapomorphies: external naris divided by a nasomaxillary pillar; posterior opening of the narial complex with anteroposteriorly constricted dorsal extension; deeply interdigitating prefrontal–lacrimal suture [reminiscent of the basal neoichthyosaurian ''[[Temnodontosaurus platyodon]]'' (Conybeare, 1822); see Godefroit, 1993]. ''Simbirskiasaurus birjukovi'' is also characterized by the following unique combination of features: subnarial process of the premaxilla reaches the posterior margin of the external naris (shared with ''[[Cryopterygius kristiansenae]]'' Druckenmiller ''et al''., 2012); elongated anterior process of the maxilla, reaching anteriorly the level of the nasal [unlike in ''[[Aegirosaurus leptospondylus]]'' Bardet & Fernández, 2000 and ''[[Sveltonectes insolitus]]'' (Fischer ''et al''., 2011b)]; pres- ence of a supranarial process of the premaxilla [shared with ''[[Platypterygius australis]]'' (McCoy, 1867), see Kear, 2005, and possibly ''[[Pervushovisaurus|Pervushovisaurus bannovkensis]]'' (Arkhangelsky, 1998b)]."<ref name=F14/>

==Phylogeny==
The following cladogram shows a possible phylogenetic position of ''Simbirskiasaurus'' in Ophthalmosauridae according to the analysis performed by Zverkov and Jacobs (2020).<ref name="Zverkov2020">{{cite journal |author1=Nikolay G. Zverkov |author2=Megan L. Jacobs |name-list-style=amp |orig-year=2020 |title=Revision of ''Nannopterygius'' (Ichthyosauria: Ophthalmosauridae): reappraisal of the 'inaccessible' holotype resolves a taxonomic tangle and reveals an obscure ophthalmosaurid lineage with a wide distribution |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=191 |issue=1 |year=2021 |pages=228–275 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa028}}</ref>

{{clade
|label1=[[Ophthalmosauria]]
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|label1=[[Ophthalmosaurinae]]
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Acamptonectes|Acamptonectes densus]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Mollesaurus|Mollesaurus periallus]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Ophthalmosaurus natans]]''
|2=''[[Ophthalmosaurus icenicus]]''
}}
}}
}} }} }}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Gengasaurus nicosiai]]''
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Nannopterygius|Nannopterygius yasykovi]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Nannopterygius|Nannopterygius enthekiodon]]''
|2=''[[Nannopterygius|Nannopterygius saveljeviensis]]''
|3=''[[Nannopterygius|Nannopterygius borealis]]''
}}
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Arthropterygius|Arthropterygius volgensis]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Arthropterygius|Arthropterygius lundi]]''
|2=''[[Arthropterygius|Arthropterygius thalassonotus]]''
|3={{clade
|1=''[[Arthropterygius|Arthropterygius hoybergeti]]''
|2=''[[Arthropterygius|Arthropterygius chrisorum]]''
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|label2=[[Platypterygiinae]]
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Brachypterygius extremus]]''
|2=''[[Aegirosaurus leptospondylus]]''
|3={{clade
|1=''[[Muiscasaurus catheti]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Leninia stellans]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Sveltonectes insolitus]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Athabascasaurus bitumineus]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Platypterygius americanus]]''
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Acuetzpalin|Acuetzpalin carranzai]]''
|2=''[[Platypterygius sachicarum]]''
|3=''[[Caypullisaurus bonapartei]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Grendelius mordax]]''
|2=''[[Grendelius alekseevi]]''
|3=''[[Grendelius|Grendelius pseudoscythicus]]''
|4=''[[Grendelius|Grendelius zhuravlevi]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Undorosaurus|Undorosaurus kielanae]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Undorosaurus|Undorosaurus nessovi]]''
|2=''[[Undorosaurus|Undorosaurus gorodischensis]]''
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|3={{clade
|1=''[[Platypterygius australis]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Plutoniosaurus bedengensis]]''
|2='''''Simbirskiasaurus birjukovi'''''
|3=''[[Platypterygius hercynicus]]''
|4=''[[Sisteronia seeleyi]]''
|5=''[[Platypterygius|Platypterygius platydactylus]]''
|6=''[[Maiaspondylus lindoei]]''
}}
}}
}}
}}
}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}



==See also==
==See also==
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q7517439}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q7517439}}


[[Category:Ichthyosaurs]]
[[Category:Ophthalmosauridae]]
[[Category:Ichthyosauromorph genera]]
[[Category:Ichthyosauromorph genera]]


Latest revision as of 02:35, 19 January 2023

Simbirskiasaurus
Temporal range: Early Cretaceous, 130 Ma
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: †Ichthyosauria
Family: †Ophthalmosauridae
Subfamily: †Platypterygiinae
Genus: †Simbirskiasaurus
Ochev and Efimov, 1985
Species
  • S. birjukovi Ochev and Efimov, 1985 (Type)

Simbirskiasaurus is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur from the Early Cretaceous (early Barremian) of Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia.[1][2] Its type specimen is YKM 65119, a fragmentary skull and vertebral column.[3]

Description

[edit]

Fischer et al. give the diagnosis of Simbirskiasaurus as follows: "Platypterygiine ophthalmosaurid characterized by the following autapomorphies: external naris divided by a nasomaxillary pillar; posterior opening of the narial complex with anteroposteriorly constricted dorsal extension; deeply interdigitating prefrontal–lacrimal suture [reminiscent of the basal neoichthyosaurian Temnodontosaurus platyodon (Conybeare, 1822); see Godefroit, 1993]. Simbirskiasaurus birjukovi is also characterized by the following unique combination of features: subnarial process of the premaxilla reaches the posterior margin of the external naris (shared with Cryopterygius kristiansenae Druckenmiller et al., 2012); elongated anterior process of the maxilla, reaching anteriorly the level of the nasal [unlike in Aegirosaurus leptospondylus Bardet & Fernández, 2000 and Sveltonectes insolitus (Fischer et al., 2011b)]; pres- ence of a supranarial process of the premaxilla [shared with Platypterygius australis (McCoy, 1867), see Kear, 2005, and possibly Pervushovisaurus bannovkensis (Arkhangelsky, 1998b)]."[2]

Phylogeny

[edit]

The following cladogram shows a possible phylogenetic position of Simbirskiasaurus in Ophthalmosauridae according to the analysis performed by Zverkov and Jacobs (2020).[4]

Ophthalmosauria
Ophthalmosaurinae
Platypterygiinae


See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera (entry on Reptilia)". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Retrieved 2008-09-28.
  2. ^ a b Valentin Fischer, Maxim S. Arkhangelsky, Darren Naish, Ilya M. Stenshin, Gleb N. Uspensky and Pascal Godefroit (2014) Simbirskiasaurus and Pervushovisaurus reassessed: implications for the taxonomy and cranial osteology of Cretaceous platypterygiine ichthyosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 171(4): 822–841. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/zoj.12158/abstract
  3. ^ Storrs, G. W., M. S. Arkhangel'skii and V. M. Efimov. 2000. Mesozoic marine reptiles of Russia and other former Soviet republics. pages 187-210 In Benton, M. J., M. A. Shiskin, D. M. Unwin and E. N. Kurochkin, (eds.), The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  4. ^ Nikolay G. Zverkov & Megan L. Jacobs (2021) [2020]. "Revision of Nannopterygius (Ichthyosauria: Ophthalmosauridae): reappraisal of the 'inaccessible' holotype resolves a taxonomic tangle and reveals an obscure ophthalmosaurid lineage with a wide distribution". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 191 (1): 228–275. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa028.


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