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{{Short description|Turkish armoured combat vehicle}}
{{Cleanup bare URLs|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox weapon
{{Infobox weapon
|name= FNSS Pars
|name= FNSS Pars
|image= Pars-iii-6x6-02.jpg
|image=
|image_size = 300
|image_size = 300
|caption=FNSS Pars 6x6
|caption=FNSS Pars ALPHA 8x8
|type=[[Armoured combat vehicle]]
|type=[[Armoured combat vehicle]]
|is_vehicle=yes
|is_vehicle=yes
|service= 2005 - Present<ref name=militaryfactory/>
|service= 2005 – Present<ref name=militaryfactory/>
|designer=[[FNSS Defence Systems]]
|designer=[[FNSS Defence Systems]]
|production_date=2005 – present
|number= 172 (6x6) & (8x8) ordered by Oman<ref name=militaryfactory>{{cite web|title=FNSS Pars|url=http://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=691|website=Military Factory|access-date=4 June 2014}}</ref>
|number= 172 (6x6) & (8x8) ordered by Oman<ref name=militaryfactory>{{cite web|title=FNSS Pars|url=http://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=691|website=Military Factory|access-date=4 June 2014}}</ref>
| length= 5 m (FNSS Pars 4x4), 6.6 m (FNSS Pars 6×6), 8 m (FNSS Pars8×8),<ref name=militaryfactory/> 8,11 m (GPV Colonel),<ref name=armyrecognitiongpvcolonel>{{Cite web |title=GPV 8x8x8 colonel wheeled armoured vehicle personnel carrier army United States description identifi {{!}} GPV General Purpose vehicles variantes FR {{!}} Equipements et blindés de l'armée des Etats Unis |url=https://armyrecognition.com/gpv_general_purpose_vehicles_variantes_fr/gpv_8x8x8_colonel_wheeled_armoured_vehicle_personnel_carrier_army_united_states_description_identifi.amp.html |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=armyrecognition.com}}</ref> 9,26 m (GPV General) <ref name=armyrecognitiongpvgeneral>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-29 |title=GPV 10x10x10 General wheeled armoured vehicle personnel carrier army United States description ident |url=https://dev.armyrecognition.com/world-army-equipment-topmenu-993/north-america-topmenu-116/united-states-topmenu-118/wheeled-vehicle-topmenu-122/gpv-variants-topmenu-295/934-gpv-general-etats-unis |access-date=2022-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729191620/https://dev.armyrecognition.com/world-army-equipment-topmenu-993/north-america-topmenu-116/united-states-topmenu-118/wheeled-vehicle-topmenu-122/gpv-variants-topmenu-295/934-gpv-general-etats-unis |archive-date=29 July 2022 }}</ref>
| length= 5 m (4x4), 6.6 m (6×6), 8 m (8×8) <ref name=militaryfactory/>
| width= 2.7 m<ref name=militaryfactory/>
| width= 2.7 m<ref name=militaryfactory/>
| height= 2.17 m<ref name=militaryfactory/>
| height= 2.17 m<ref name=militaryfactory/>
|300px
|origin=[[Turkey]]
|origin=[[Turkey]]
|variants=[[Armored personnel carrier]], [[Infantry fighting vehicle]]
|variants=[[Armored personnel carrier]], [[Infantry fighting vehicle]]
|manufacturer = [[FNSS Defence Systems]]
|manufacturer = [[FNSS Defence Systems]]
|used_by= See [[#Operators|Operators]]
|used_by= See [[#Operators|Operators]]
| crew= 5 (4x4), 10 (6×6), 14 (8×8)<ref name=militaryfactory/>
| crew= 5 (FNSS Pars 4x4), 10 (FNSS Pars 6×6), 14 (FNSS Pars 8×8),<ref name=militaryfactory/> 14 (GPV Colonel),<ref name=armyrecognitiongpvcolonel/> 18 (GPV General) <ref name=armyrecognitiongpvgeneral/>
| weight= 16,130~24,500 kg
| weight= 16,130-24,500 kg
| armour= Baseline 7.62mm AP all-around up to STANAG-4569 Level 4<ref name=militaryfactory/>
| armour= Baseline 7.62mm AP all-around up to [[STANAG 4569]] Level 4<ref name=militaryfactory/>
| armament_system= [[FNSS Sharpshooter Turret]]<ref name=militaryfactory/>
| primary_armament= 25 mm [[FNSS Sharpshooter Turret]]<ref name=militaryfactory/>
| primary_armament= 25 mm [[FNSS Sharpshooter Turret]]<ref name=militaryfactory/>
| secondary_armament= 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun<ref name=militaryfactory/>
| secondary_armament= 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun<ref name=militaryfactory/>
Line 28: Line 27:
| suspension= semi-automatic computer-controlled pneumatic suspension<ref name=militaryfactory/>
| suspension= semi-automatic computer-controlled pneumatic suspension<ref name=militaryfactory/>
| speed= 100 km/h (62 mph) on land,<ref name=militaryfactory/> 8 km/h (4.97 mph) on water<ref>Army Recognition website</ref>
| speed= 100 km/h (62 mph) on land,<ref name=militaryfactory/> 8 km/h (4.97 mph) on water<ref>Army Recognition website</ref>
| cruise speed= 10km/h
| pw_ratio= 20.4 to 24.5 hp/ton<ref name=militaryfactory/>
| pw_ratio= 20.4 to 24.5 hp/ton<ref name=militaryfactory/>
| vehicle_range= {{convert|1000|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name=militaryfactory/>
| vehicle_range= {{convert|1000|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name=militaryfactory/>
Line 35: Line 33:
[[File:Pars4x4AntiTank.jpg|thumb|FNSS Pars 4x4 Anti-tank at the [[International Defence Industry Fair|IDEF]] 2019. ]]
[[File:Pars4x4AntiTank.jpg|thumb|FNSS Pars 4x4 Anti-tank at the [[International Defence Industry Fair|IDEF]] 2019. ]]


The '''Pars''' ([[Turkish Language|Turkish]] for [[Anatolian Leopard]]) is an amphibious [[Armoured combat vehicle]] family with 4x4, 6×6 and 8×8 versions, produced by [[FNSS Defence Systems]] of [[Turkey]].<ref>https://www.fnss.com.tr/en/product/pars-4x4</ref><ref>http://www.fnss.com.tr/en/product/pars-6x6</ref><ref>http://www.fnss.com.tr/en/product/pars-8x8</ref>
The '''Pars''' ([[Turkish language|Turkish]] for [[Anatolian leopard]]) is an amphibious [[armoured combat vehicle]] family with 4×4, 6×6 and 8×8 versions, produced by [[FNSS Defence Systems]] of [[Turkey]].<ref>{{cite web |title=PARS 4x4 WHEELED ARMOURED COMBAT VEHICLE (WACV) Overview |url=https://www.fnss.com.tr/en/products/pars-4x4-wheeled-armoured-combat-vehicle-wacv |website=FNSS |access-date=4 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fnss.com.tr/en/product/pars-6x6 |title=PARS III 6x6 - FNSS Savunma Sistemleri A.Ş. |access-date=11 May 2014 |archive-date=1 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901163719/https://www.fnss.com.tr/en/product/pars-6x6 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PARS III - 8x8 WHEELED ARMOURED COMBAT VEHICLE (WACV) Overview |url=https://www.fnss.com.tr/en/products/pars-iii-8x8-wheeled-armoured-combat-vehicle-wacv |website=FNSS |access-date=4 May 2022}}</ref>


==Development==
==Development==
The development of the PARS vehicles commenced in 2002, based on a design by US company GPV (General Purpose Vehicles), and in cooperation with GPV.<ref>[http://www.army-technology.com/projects/gpv/ GPV Colonel 8x8x8 Armoured Personnel Carrier]. Army-technology.com. Retrieved 24 June 2014.{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=June 2016}}</ref><ref>[http://defense-update.com/features/2010/april/malaysian_8x8_deftech_21042010.html ''"The Pars ... is based on a design made by the US company GPV"'']. Defense-update.com. Retrieved 24 June 2014.</ref> PARS 4x4 and PARS 6x6 is being proposed for the Turkish Army. PARS 8x8 was first displayed in February 2005 during the IDEX defence equipment exhibition held in Abu Dhabi. Since the first PARS vehicles were shown in 2005 development and further enhancements have been carried out on a continuous basis.<ref name=armytech>{{cite web|title=Pars Combat Vehicle|url=http://www.army-technology.com/projects/pars-combat-vehicle/|work=Army-Technology|access-date=9 May 2014}}{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=June 2016}}</ref>
The development of the PARS vehicles commenced in 2002, based on a design by US company GPV (General Purpose Vehicles), and in cooperation with GPV.<ref name=":0">[http://www.army-technology.com/projects/gpv/ GPV Colonel 8x8x8 Armoured Personnel Carrier]. Army-technology.com. Retrieved 24 June 2014.</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=June 2016}}<ref>[http://defense-update.com/features/2010/april/malaysian_8x8_deftech_21042010.html ''"The Pars ... is based on a design made by the US company GPV"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519064536/http://www.defense-update.com/features/2010/april/malaysian_8x8_deftech_21042010.html |date=19 May 2014 }}. Defense-update.com. Retrieved 24 June 2014.</ref> PARS 4×4 and PARS 6×6 is being proposed for the Turkish Army. PARS 8×8 was first displayed in February 2005 during the IDEX defence equipment exhibition held in Abu Dhabi. GPV offered 2 more technically different vehicles, the 8×8 GPV Colonel and the 10×10 GPV General.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-01-27 |title=FNSS Savunma Sistemleri Pars armoured fighting vehicle (Turkey) - Jan… |url=http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Armour-and-Artillery/FNSS-Savunma-Sistemleri-Pars-armoured-fighting-vehicle-Turkey.html |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=archive.ph |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130127000339/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Armour-and-Artillery/FNSS-Savunma-Sistemleri-Pars-armoured-fighting-vehicle-Turkey.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=armyrecognitiongpvgeneral/> Since the first PARS vehicles were shown in 2005 development and further enhancements have been carried out on a continuous basis.<ref name=armytech>{{cite web|title=Pars Combat Vehicle|url=http://www.army-technology.com/projects/pars-combat-vehicle/|work=Army-Technology|access-date=9 May 2014}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=June 2016}}


It was demonstrated in the deserts of the UAE in 2008 covering 11,000&nbsp;km of desert and road trials. Further testing was again carried out in the UAE deserts in 2010. The PARS 8x8, fitted with a 25mm gun turret, was also successfully tested by another Middle Eastern country in the summer of 2010.<ref name=armytech/>
It was demonstrated in the deserts of the UAE in 2008 covering 11,000&nbsp;km of desert and road trials. Further testing was again carried out in the UAE deserts in 2010. The PARS 8x8, fitted with a 25mm gun turret, was also successfully tested by another Middle Eastern country in the summer of 2010.<ref name=armytech/>

On March 29, 2022, FNSS and Deftech proposed the PARS III 6×6 for Malaysian military service.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/dsa_2022_news_official_show_daily/dsa_2022_deftech_and_fnss_proposes_pars_iii_6x6_armored_vehicle_to_malaysian_army.html|title = DSA 2022: DEFTECH and FNSS proposes PARS III 6x6 armored vehicle to Malaysian army &#124; DSA 2022 News Official Show Daily &#124; Defence security exhibitions 2022 show daily news category}}</ref>


==Design==
==Design==
Line 46: Line 46:
The baseline PARS has a hull consisting of a steel armour.<ref name=armytech/>
The baseline PARS has a hull consisting of a steel armour.<ref name=armytech/>


The driver and commander are seated in a cockpit at the front of the vehicle. Each has a single-piece roof hatch that opens to the side. Both have access to flat-panel displays, on which all relevant information is shown. The seating arrangement depends on the role but the troops are normally seated on individual seats down each side of the hull facing inwards. These shock-absorbing seats are fitted with five-point seatbelts as standard. A large ramp fitted at the rear section will be used for entry and exit of troops.
The driver and commander are seated in a cockpit at the front of the vehicle. Each has a single-piece roof hatch that opens to the side. Both have access to flat-panel displays, on which all relevant information is shown. The seating arrangement depends on the role but the troops are normally seated on individual seats down each side of the hull facing inwards. These shock-absorbing seats are fitted with five-point seatbelts as standard. A large ramp fitted at the rear section will be used for entry and exit of troops.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}


[[File:FNSS Pars arka gorunum.JPG|thumb|right|FNSS Pars 8x8 rear view.]]
[[File:FNSS Pars arka gorunum.JPG|thumb|right|FNSS Pars 8x8 rear view.]]
The modular design of the PARS will incorporate external turrets or weapon stations depending on user requirements. It could be a one or two-man turret or a remotely operated weapon station. To allow for PARS to be rapidly reconfigured for different operational roles, all members of the PARS family have removable roofing so that they can be quickly converted for a wide range of specialist roles.<ref name=armytech/>
The modular design of the PARS will incorporate external turrets or weapon stations depending on user requirements. It could be a one or two-man turret or a remotely operated weapon station. To allow for PARS to be rapidly reconfigured for different operational roles, all members of the PARS family have removable roofing so that they can be quickly converted for a wide range of specialist roles.<ref name=armytech/>

== Variants ==

* '''PARS 4×4 Wheeled armoured vehicle :''' The PARS 4×4 is designed to undertake special operational roles such as advanced surveillance, anti-tank and command and control.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FNSS |title=FNSS - PARS 4x4 WHEELED ARMOURED COMBAT VEHICLE (WACV) |url=https://www.fnss.com.tr/products/pars-4x4-wheeled-armoured-combat-vehicle-wacv |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=FNSS |language=en}}</ref>
* '''PARS III 6×6 Wheeled armoured combat vehicle :''' The PARS III 6×6 has been developed with a special emphasis on mobility, protection, payload, and growth potential. It is equipped with cutting edge armoured vehicle technologies to obtain performances and durability answering modern armies’ operational requirements.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FNSS |title=FNSS - PARS III 6x6 Wheeled Armoured Combat Vehicle (WACV) |url=https://www.fnss.com.tr/products/pars-iii-6x6-wheeled-armoured-combat-vehicle-wacv |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=FNSS |language=en}}</ref>
* '''PARS III 8×8 Wheeled armoured combat vehicle :''' The PARS III 8×8 has been developed with special emphasis on mobility, protection, payload, and growth potential. It is equipped with cutting edge armoured vehicle technologies to obtain performances and durability answering modern armies operational requirements.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FNSS |title=FNSS - Pars III 8x8 WHEELED ARMOURED COMBAT VEHICLE (WACV) |url=https://www.fnss.com.tr/products/pars-iii-8x8-wheeled-armoured-combat-vehicle-wacv |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=FNSS |language=en}}</ref>
* '''PARS Scout 6×6 Special Purpose vehicle :''' The PARS SCOUT is special purpose tactical wheeled vehicle, which provide high mobility in all terrain conditions and superior ballistic and mine protection and is equipped with modern technologies, providing strategic advantages to their users, including a high situational awareness.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FNSS |title=FNSS - PARS SCOUT 6x6 SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLE (SPV) |url=https://www.fnss.com.tr/products/pars-scout-6x6-special-purpose-vehicle-spv |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=FNSS |language=en}}</ref>
* '''PARS Scout 8×8 Special Purpose vehicle :''' The PARS SCOUT 8×8 is modern tactical wheeled armoured combat vehicle, which is designed to be used in low and high intensity scenarios, offering strategic advantages to the user thanks to its unique features, and incorporate the most advanced technologies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FNSS |title=FNSS - PARS SCOUT 8x8 Special Purpose Vehicle(SPV) |url=https://www.fnss.com.tr/products/pars-scout-8x8-special-purpose-vehiclespv |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=FNSS |language=en}}</ref>
* '''PARS IV 6×6 Special Operations vehicle :''' The PARS IV 6×6 Special Operation’s (S-Ops) Vehicle, which is designed to meet the tactical and operational requirements of military and internal security forces whose mission is special. It is able to operate in a wide range of terrains, climate types and is optimized for different operational requirements. It is highly versatile, reflecting the broad spectrum of potential missions and areas of operation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FNSS |title=FNSS - PARS IV 6x6 - SPECIAL OPERATIONS VEHICLE |url=https://www.fnss.com.tr/products/pars-iv-6x6-special-operations-vehicle |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=FNSS |language=en}}</ref>
* '''PARS IV 8×8 New-Generation Wheeled armoured vehicle :''' The PARS IV 8×8 NG-WAV is vehicle, which is developed to adapt to today and future hybrid warfare conditions that bring together symmetric and asymmetric threats. The PARS IV 8×8 NG-WAV offers a combination of the highest mobility and protection of the PARS family and the ability to engage the evolving threats of the modern battlefield.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FNSS |title=FNSS - PARS IV 8x8 NEW GENERATION WHEELED ARMOURED VEHICLE (NG-WAV) |url=https://www.fnss.com.tr/products/pars-iv-8x8-new-generation-wheeled-armoured-vehicle-ng-wav |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=FNSS |language=en}}</ref>
* '''PARS ALPHA 8×8 New-Generation Armoured fighting vehicle :''' FNSS PARS ALPHA 8×8, is a New Generation Armoured Fighting Vehicle designed to surpass the most challenging tactical and operational requirements. Built for full-spectrum dominance, it represents the future of military engagement, by meeting the most challenging mission objectives to fulfil tactical and superior combat performance'''.'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=FNSS |title=FNSS - PARS ALPHA 8x8 New Generation AFV |url=https://www.fnss.com.tr/products/pars-alpha-8x8-new-generation-afv |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=FNSS |language=en}}</ref>


==AV8 Gempita==
==AV8 Gempita==
{{Main|DefTech AV8}}
{{Main|DefTech AV8}}


The ''PARS 8x8'' vehicle was examined by the [[Malaysian Army]] competing with the Swiss [[Mowag Piranha]] and the Finnish [[Patria AMV]] for the implementation of technology to the first Malaysian indigenous armoured vehicle. ''AV8 Gempita'' was the result of Malaysian-Turkey collaboration in Malaysia's first indigenous armoured vehicle project with the implementation of ''PARS'' technology to its new army armoured vehicle.
The ''PARS 8×8'' vehicle was examined by the [[Malaysian Army]] competing with the Swiss [[Mowag Piranha]] and the Finnish [[Patria AMV]] for the implementation of technology to the first Malaysian indigenous armoured vehicle. ''AV8 Gempita'' was the result of Malaysian-Turkey collaboration in Malaysia's first indigenous armoured vehicle project with the implementation of ''PARS'' technology to its new army armoured vehicle.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}


== Operators ==
== Operators ==

===Current operators===
===Current operators===
* {{LBY}} - 67 vehicles in both 6×6 & 8×8 configuration. Received from Turkey during the 2019-2020 Tripoli campaign.{{fact|date=August 2023}}
⚫
* {{OMN}} - 172 vehicles in both 6×6 & 8×8 configuration. First delivery on 12 July 2017<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://savunmaveteknoloji.com/fnss-ummana-ilk-parsi-teslim-etti/|title=FNSS Umman'a ilk PARS'ı teslim etti|work=SVT {{!}} Savunma ve Teknoloji|access-date=2017-07-12|language=tr-TR|archive-date=15 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170715083320/http://savunmaveteknoloji.com/fnss-ummana-ilk-parsi-teslim-etti/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Binnie|first1=Jeremy|title=Oman receives First Pars III IFVs|url=http://www.janes.com/article/72246|website=IHS Jane's 360|access-date=14 July 2017|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170714121809/http://www.janes.com/article/72246/oman-receives-first-pars-iii-ifvs|archive-date=14 July 2017|date=12 July 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and last in August 2020.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.defenseworld.net/news/27759/Turkish_Firm_FNSS_Completes_Armored_Vehicle_Delivery_to_Oman#.X2YXxIuP7IU| title = Turkish Firm FNSS Completes Armored Vehicle Delivery to Oman}} </ref>
* {{TUR}} - Approx.100 Pars Scout 8×8 on order.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fnss.com.tr/en/news/pars-scout-8x8-and-6x6-enter-the-turkish-armed-forces-inventory|title=PARS SCOUT 8x8 and 6x6 Enter the Turkish Armed Forces' Inventory|year=2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Işık |first=Yusuf Emir |date=2023-07-20 |title=FNSS, IDEF 2023'E hazır |url=https://www.defenceturk.net/fnss-idef-2023e-hazir |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=DefenceTurk |language=tr}}</ref> 12 Pars Pars IV 6×6 in service.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Azman |first=Kaan |date=2022-11-22 |title=Özel Kuvvetler Komutanlığı’na PARS IV 6×6 MKKA teslimatı! |url=https://www.defenceturk.net/kara-kuvvetleri-komutanligina-pars-iv-6x6-mkka-teslimati |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=DefenceTurk |language=tr}}</ref> 136 Pars 4×4 in service.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Military Balance 2024 |publisher=IISS |year=2024 |isbn=978-1032780047}}</ref><ref name=":17">{{Cite web |title=Completed deliveries of anti-tank vehicles |url=https://x.com/TurkishCentury/status/1831628025252712667}}</ref>
* {{MYS}} - 257 vehicles in 8×8 configuration.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://defensearabia.com/2021/08/طلب-كبير-على-مركبة-بارس-التركية-تع/|title=طلب كبير على مركبة "بارس" التركية .. تعرف عليها بالتفصيل|date=31 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htarm/articles/20110303.aspx|title = Armor: Turkish Pars for Malaysia}}</ref>


⚫
===Potential operators===
⚫
* {{OMN}} - 172 vehicles in both 6x6 & 8X8 configuration. First delivery on 12 July 2017<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://savunmaveteknoloji.com/fnss-ummana-ilk-parsi-teslim-etti/|title=FNSS Umman'a ilk PARS'ı teslim etti|work=SVT {{!}} Savunma ve Teknoloji|access-date=2017-07-12|language=tr-TR}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Binnie|first1=Jeremy|title=Oman receives First Pars III IFVs|url=http://www.janes.com/article/72246|website=IHS Jane's 360|access-date=14 July 2017|archive-url=https://archive.is/20170714121809/http://www.janes.com/article/72246/oman-receives-first-pars-iii-ifvs|archive-date=14 July 2017|date=12 July 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and last in August 2020.<ref>https://www.defenseworld.net/news/27759/Turkish_Firm_FNSS_Completes_Armored_Vehicle_Delivery_to_Oman#.X2YXxIuP7IU</ref>
⚫
* {{AZE}}<ref>[http://www.armyrecognition.com/february_2014_global_defense_security_news_uk/azerbaijan_could_be_interested_to_purchase_the_pars_armoured_produced_by_fnss_of_turkey_0702141.html Azerbaijan could be interested to purchase the PARS armoured produced by FNSS of Turkey] - Armyrecognition.com, 7 February 2014</ref>
* {{XKX}} - 24 PARS III IFV in 6×6 configuration. The Kosovo Ministry of Defense signed a Letter of Request worth €70.000.000 with Turkish defense company FNSS for the supply of PARS III 6×6 IFV with integrated Saber 25mm Turret and FNSS SANCAK RCWS.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}


==See also==
* {{TUR}} - Undisclosed number on order and in service.<ref>https://www.fnss.com.tr/en/news/pars-scout-8x8-and-6x6-enter-the-turkish-armed-forces-inventory</ref>
===Comparable vehicles===


{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{MYS}} - 257 vehicles in both 6x6 & 8X8 configuration. <ref>https://defensearabia.com/2021/08/%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a8-%d9%83%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b9/</ref> <ref>https://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htarm/articles/20110303.aspx</ref>


* [[Stryker]]
⚫
===Potential operators===
* [[LAV III]]/[[LAV (armoured vehicle)|LAV AFV]]/[[LAV-25]]/[[ASLAV]]
⚫
* {{AZE}}<ref>[http://www.armyrecognition.com/february_2014_global_defense_security_news_uk/azerbaijan_could_be_interested_to_purchase_the_pars_armoured_produced_by_fnss_of_turkey_0702141.html Azerbaijan could be interested to purchase the PARS armoured produced by FNSS of Turkey] - Armyrecognition.com, 7 February 2014</ref>
* [[K808 White Tiger]]
* [[Boxer (armoured fighting vehicle)|Boxer]]
* [[Freccia IFV]]
* [[BTR-90]]
* [[CM-32]]
* [[Type 96 armored personnel carrier]]
** [[Type 16 maneuver combat vehicle]]
* [[Patria AMV]]
* [[BTR-4]]
* [[Saur 1|Saur 2]]
* [[TATA Kestrel]]
* [[Véhicule blindé de combat d'infanterie|VBCI]]
* [[KTO Rosomak]]
* [[MOWAG Piranha]]
{{Div col end}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

===Notes===
===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=note}}
{{Reflist|group=note}}
Line 90: Line 123:
[[Category:Six-wheeled vehicles]]
[[Category:Six-wheeled vehicles]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 2000s]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 2000s]]
[[Category:Armoured personnel carriers of the post–Cold War period]]
[[Category:Infantry fighting vehicles of the post–Cold War period]]
[[Category:Armoured fighting vehicles of the post–Cold War period]]

Latest revision as of 21:39, 2 December 2024

FNSS Pars
TypeArmoured combat vehicle
Place of originTurkey
Service history
In service2005 – Present[1]
Used bySee Operators
Production history
DesignerFNSS Defence Systems
ManufacturerFNSS Defence Systems
Produced2005 – present
No. built172 (6x6) & (8x8) ordered by Oman[1]
VariantsArmored personnel carrier, Infantry fighting vehicle
Specifications
Mass16,130-24,500 kg
Length5 m (FNSS Pars 4x4), 6.6 m (FNSS Pars 6×6), 8 m (FNSS Pars8×8),[1] 8,11 m (GPV Colonel),[2] 9,26 m (GPV General) [3]
Width2.7 m[1]
Height2.17 m[1]
Crew5 (FNSS Pars 4x4), 10 (FNSS Pars 6×6), 14 (FNSS Pars 8×8),[1] 14 (GPV Colonel),[2] 18 (GPV General) [3]
ArmorBaseline 7.62mm AP all-around up to STANAG 4569 Level 4[1]
Main
armament
25 mm FNSS Sharpshooter Turret[1]
Secondary
armament
7.62 mm coaxial machine gun[1]
EngineDeutz or Caterpillar Diesel[1]
500-600 hp (6×6 and 8×8)[1]
Power/weight20.4 to 24.5 hp/ton[1]
Suspensionsemi-automatic computer-controlled pneumatic suspension[1]
Operational
range
1,000 km (620 mi)[1]
Maximum speed 100 km/h (62 mph) on land,[1] 8 km/h (4.97 mph) on water[4]
FNSS Pars 4x4 Anti-tank at the IDEF 2019.

The Pars (Turkish for Anatolian leopard) is an amphibious armoured combat vehicle family with 4×4, 6×6 and 8×8 versions, produced by FNSS Defence Systems of Turkey.[5][6][7]

Development

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The development of the PARS vehicles commenced in 2002, based on a design by US company GPV (General Purpose Vehicles), and in cooperation with GPV.[8][unreliable source?][9] PARS 4×4 and PARS 6×6 is being proposed for the Turkish Army. PARS 8×8 was first displayed in February 2005 during the IDEX defence equipment exhibition held in Abu Dhabi. GPV offered 2 more technically different vehicles, the 8×8 GPV Colonel and the 10×10 GPV General.[10][8][3] Since the first PARS vehicles were shown in 2005 development and further enhancements have been carried out on a continuous basis.[11][unreliable source?]

It was demonstrated in the deserts of the UAE in 2008 covering 11,000 km of desert and road trials. Further testing was again carried out in the UAE deserts in 2010. The PARS 8x8, fitted with a 25mm gun turret, was also successfully tested by another Middle Eastern country in the summer of 2010.[11]

On March 29, 2022, FNSS and Deftech proposed the PARS III 6×6 for Malaysian military service.[12]

Design

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FNSS Pars 8x8 at the IDEF 2019.

The baseline PARS has a hull consisting of a steel armour.[11]

The driver and commander are seated in a cockpit at the front of the vehicle. Each has a single-piece roof hatch that opens to the side. Both have access to flat-panel displays, on which all relevant information is shown. The seating arrangement depends on the role but the troops are normally seated on individual seats down each side of the hull facing inwards. These shock-absorbing seats are fitted with five-point seatbelts as standard. A large ramp fitted at the rear section will be used for entry and exit of troops.[citation needed]

FNSS Pars 8x8 rear view.

The modular design of the PARS will incorporate external turrets or weapon stations depending on user requirements. It could be a one or two-man turret or a remotely operated weapon station. To allow for PARS to be rapidly reconfigured for different operational roles, all members of the PARS family have removable roofing so that they can be quickly converted for a wide range of specialist roles.[11]

Variants

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  • PARS 4×4 Wheeled armoured vehicle : The PARS 4×4 is designed to undertake special operational roles such as advanced surveillance, anti-tank and command and control.[13]
  • PARS III 6×6 Wheeled armoured combat vehicle : The PARS III 6×6 has been developed with a special emphasis on mobility, protection, payload, and growth potential. It is equipped with cutting edge armoured vehicle technologies to obtain performances and durability answering modern armies’ operational requirements.[14]
  • PARS III 8×8 Wheeled armoured combat vehicle : The PARS III 8×8 has been developed with special emphasis on mobility, protection, payload, and growth potential. It is equipped with cutting edge armoured vehicle technologies to obtain performances and durability answering modern armies operational requirements.[15]
  • PARS Scout 6×6 Special Purpose vehicle : The PARS SCOUT is special purpose tactical wheeled vehicle, which provide high mobility in all terrain conditions and superior ballistic and mine protection and is equipped with modern technologies, providing strategic advantages to their users, including a high situational awareness.[16]
  • PARS Scout 8×8 Special Purpose vehicle : The PARS SCOUT 8×8 is modern tactical wheeled armoured combat vehicle, which is designed to be used in low and high intensity scenarios, offering strategic advantages to the user thanks to its unique features, and incorporate the most advanced technologies.[17]
  • PARS IV 6×6 Special Operations vehicle : The PARS IV 6×6 Special Operation’s (S-Ops) Vehicle, which is designed to meet the tactical and operational requirements of military and internal security forces whose mission is special. It is able to operate in a wide range of terrains, climate types and is optimized for different operational requirements. It is highly versatile, reflecting the broad spectrum of potential missions and areas of operation.[18]
  • PARS IV 8×8 New-Generation Wheeled armoured vehicle : The PARS IV 8×8 NG-WAV is vehicle, which is developed to adapt to today and future hybrid warfare conditions that bring together symmetric and asymmetric threats. The PARS IV 8×8 NG-WAV offers a combination of the highest mobility and protection of the PARS family and the ability to engage the evolving threats of the modern battlefield.[19]
  • PARS ALPHA 8×8 New-Generation Armoured fighting vehicle : FNSS PARS ALPHA 8×8, is a New Generation Armoured Fighting Vehicle designed to surpass the most challenging tactical and operational requirements. Built for full-spectrum dominance, it represents the future of military engagement, by meeting the most challenging mission objectives to fulfil tactical and superior combat performance.[20]

AV8 Gempita

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Main article: DefTech AV8

The PARS 8×8 vehicle was examined by the Malaysian Army competing with the Swiss Mowag Piranha and the Finnish Patria AMV for the implementation of technology to the first Malaysian indigenous armoured vehicle. AV8 Gempita was the result of Malaysian-Turkey collaboration in Malaysia's first indigenous armoured vehicle project with the implementation of PARS technology to its new army armoured vehicle.[citation needed]

Operators

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Current operators

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  •  Libya - 67 vehicles in both 6×6 & 8×8 configuration. Received from Turkey during the 2019-2020 Tripoli campaign.[citation needed]
  •  Oman - 172 vehicles in both 6×6 & 8×8 configuration. First delivery on 12 July 2017[21][22] and last in August 2020.[23]
  •  Turkey - Approx.100 Pars Scout 8×8 on order.[24][25] 12 Pars Pars IV 6×6 in service.[26] 136 Pars 4×4 in service.[27][28]
  •  Malaysia - 257 vehicles in 8×8 configuration.[29][30]

Potential operators

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  •  Azerbaijan[31]
  •  Kosovo - 24 PARS III IFV in 6×6 configuration. The Kosovo Ministry of Defense signed a Letter of Request worth €70.000.000 with Turkish defense company FNSS for the supply of PARS III 6×6 IFV with integrated Saber 25mm Turret and FNSS SANCAK RCWS.[citation needed]

See also

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Comparable vehicles

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "FNSS Pars". Military Factory. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
  2. ^ a b "GPV 8x8x8 colonel wheeled armoured vehicle personnel carrier army United States description identifi | GPV General Purpose vehicles variantes FR | Equipements et blindés de l'armée des Etats Unis". armyrecognition.com. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  3. ^ a b c "GPV 10x10x10 General wheeled armoured vehicle personnel carrier army United States description ident". 29 July 2022. Archived from the original on 29 July 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  4. ^ Army Recognition website
  5. ^ "PARS 4x4 WHEELED ARMOURED COMBAT VEHICLE (WACV) Overview". FNSS. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  6. ^ "PARS III 6x6 - FNSS Savunma Sistemleri A.Ş." Archived from the original on 1 September 2020. Retrieved 11 May 2014.
  7. ^ "PARS III - 8x8 WHEELED ARMOURED COMBAT VEHICLE (WACV) Overview". FNSS. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  8. ^ a b GPV Colonel 8x8x8 Armoured Personnel Carrier. Army-technology.com. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
  9. ^ "The Pars ... is based on a design made by the US company GPV" Archived 19 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Defense-update.com. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
  10. ^ "FNSS Savunma Sistemleri Pars armoured fighting vehicle (Turkey) - Jan…". archive.ph. 27 January 2013. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  11. ^ a b c d "Pars Combat Vehicle". Army-Technology. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
  12. ^ "DSA 2022: DEFTECH and FNSS proposes PARS III 6x6 armored vehicle to Malaysian army | DSA 2022 News Official Show Daily | Defence security exhibitions 2022 show daily news category".
  13. ^ FNSS. "FNSS - PARS 4x4 WHEELED ARMOURED COMBAT VEHICLE (WACV)". FNSS. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  14. ^ FNSS. "FNSS - PARS III 6x6 Wheeled Armoured Combat Vehicle (WACV)". FNSS. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  15. ^ FNSS. "FNSS - Pars III 8x8 WHEELED ARMOURED COMBAT VEHICLE (WACV)". FNSS. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  16. ^ FNSS. "FNSS - PARS SCOUT 6x6 SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLE (SPV)". FNSS. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  17. ^ FNSS. "FNSS - PARS SCOUT 8x8 Special Purpose Vehicle(SPV)". FNSS. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  18. ^ FNSS. "FNSS - PARS IV 6x6 - SPECIAL OPERATIONS VEHICLE". FNSS. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  19. ^ FNSS. "FNSS - PARS IV 8x8 NEW GENERATION WHEELED ARMOURED VEHICLE (NG-WAV)". FNSS. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  20. ^ FNSS. "FNSS - PARS ALPHA 8x8 New Generation AFV". FNSS. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  21. ^ "FNSS Umman'a ilk PARS'ı teslim etti". SVT | Savunma ve Teknoloji (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 15 July 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
  22. ^ Binnie, Jeremy (12 July 2017). "Oman receives First Pars III IFVs". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  23. ^ "Turkish Firm FNSS Completes Armored Vehicle Delivery to Oman".
  24. ^ "PARS SCOUT 8x8 and 6x6 Enter the Turkish Armed Forces' Inventory". 2019.
  25. ^ Işık, Yusuf Emir (20 July 2023). "FNSS, IDEF 2023'E hazır". DefenceTurk (in Turkish). Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  26. ^ Azman, Kaan (22 November 2022). "Özel Kuvvetler Komutanlığı'na PARS IV 6×6 MKKA teslimatı!". DefenceTurk (in Turkish). Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  27. ^ Military Balance 2024. IISS. 2024. ISBN 978-1032780047.
  28. ^ "Completed deliveries of anti-tank vehicles".
  29. ^ "طلب كبير على مركبة "بارس" التركية .. تعرف عليها بالتفصيل". 31 August 2021.
  30. ^ "Armor: Turkish Pars for Malaysia".
  31. ^ Azerbaijan could be interested to purchase the PARS armoured produced by FNSS of Turkey - Armyrecognition.com, 7 February 2014

Notes

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