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{{Short description|Defunct national airline of Peru (1973–1999)}}
{{distinguish|Air Perú|Aerolíneas Peruanas|Peruvian Airlines|Peruvian International Airways}}
{{Distinguish|Air Perú|Aerolíneas Peruanas|Peruvian Airlines|Peruvian International Airways}}
{{Infobox Airline
| airline = Aeroperú
{{Infobox airline
| airline = Aeroperú
| logo = Aeroperu-3.svg
| logo = Aeroperu-3.svg
| logo_size = 200
| fleet_size = 22
| logo_size = 200
| fleet_size = 22 <small>(at time of closure)</small>
| destinations = 34
| destinations = 34 <small>(at time of closure)</small>
| IATA = PL
| ICAO = PLI
| IATA = PL
| ICAO = PLI
| callsign = AEROPERU
| callsign = AEROPERÚ
| parent = [[Aeroméxico]] (1993-1999)
| parent = [[Aeroméxico]]
| company_slogan =
| founded = May 22, 1973
| founded = {{start date|1973|05|22}}
| commenced =
| commenced = {{start date|1973|10|03}}
| ceased = August 18, 1999
| ceased = {{end date|1999|08|18}}
| headquarters = [[Lima]], [[Peru]]
| headquarters = [[Lima]], [[Peru]]
| key_people = Gregorio Nolan (CEO)
| key_people =
| hubs = [[Jorge Chavez International Airport]]
| hubs = {{nowrap|[[Jorge Chávez International Airport]]}}
| secondary_hubs =
| secondary_hubs = [[El Dorado International Airport]] (late 1990s)<ref name=fi96>{{cite journal|title=World Airline Directory|journal=[[Flight International]]|issue=20 March 1996|page=44|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1996/1996%20-%200664.html|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref>
| focus_cities = {{nowrap|[[El Dorado International Airport]] <br /><small>(late 1990s)</small>}}
|frequent_flyer=Club Premier{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}
| frequent_flyer = Club Premier
| focus_cities =
| lounge =
| alliance =
| subsidiaries =
| alliance =
| subsidiaries =
| num_employees = 1,500
| website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20170625224624/http://aeroperu.com/ www.aeroperu.com]
| website = {{URL|www.aeroperu.com.pe}}
}}
}}


'''Empresa de Transporte Aéreo del Perú S.A.''', usually known as '''Aeroperú''', was a [[Peru]]vian airline, serving as [[flag carrier]] of Peru from 1973 to 1999. The company was headquartered in [[Lima]], with the city's [[Jorge Chavez International Airport]] serving as its [[airline hub|hub]].<ref name=atdb>{{cite web|title=Information about Aeroperú|url=http://www.aerotransport.org/php/go.php?query=operator&qstring=Aero+Per%26uacute%3B&where=7337&luck|publisher=Aero Transport Data Bank|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref> Besides an extensive domestic route network, Aeroperú offered international flights to places in [[Latin America]] and the [[United States|United States of America]].<ref name="1975timetable">[http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/pl1/pl75.pdf Aeroperú timetable. Issued November 15, 1975]</ref><ref name=1978routemap>{{cite web|title=Aeroperú 1978 routemap|url=http://www.timetableimages.com/i-or/peru6.jpg|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref> The company had around 1,500 employees.<ref name=fi92>{{cite journal|title=World Airline Directory|journal=[[Flight International]]|issue=25 March 1992|page=34|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1992/1992%20-%200732.html|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref>
'''Empresa de Transporte Aéreo del Perú S.A.''' branded as '''Aeroperú''', was a [[Peru]]vian airline, serving as [[flag carrier]] of Peru from 1973 to 1999. The company was headquartered in [[Lima]], with the city's [[Jorge Chávez International Airport]] serving as its primary hub. Besides an extensive domestic route network, Aeroperú offered international flights to places in Latin America and the United States of America. The company had around 1,500 employees. It ceased operations in 1999.


==History==
==History==
[[File:Boeing 727-193, AeroPeru AN0435485.jpg|thumb|An Aeroperú [[Boeing 727|Boeing 727-100]] at [[Jorge Chavez International Airport]] in 1988]]
[[File:Boeing 727-193, AeroPeru AN0435485.jpg|thumb|An Aeroperú [[Boeing 727-100]] at [[Jorge Chavez International Airport]] in 1988]]
[[File:Aeroperú DC-8 OB-1210 MIA 1992-12-8.png|thumb|An Aeroperú [[Douglas DC-8|Douglas DC-8-60H]] landing at [[Miami International Airport]] in 1992]]
[[File:Aeroperú DC-8 OB-1210 MIA 1992-12-8.png|thumb|An Aeroperú [[Douglas DC-8|Douglas DC-8-62H]] landing at [[Miami International Airport]] in 1992]]


Aeroperú was formed on 22 May 1973 following the reorganization of [[Servicio Aéreo de Transportes Comerciales|SATCO]],<ref name=atdb/><ref>{{cite web|title=Servicio Aéreo de Transportes Comerciales (SATCO)|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/operator/airline.php?var=5411|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|accessdate=26 June 2021}}</ref> an earlier airline founded on 1960 and controlled by the [[Peruvian Army]]. Initially a wholly state-owned company with a fleet of three [[Fokker F28 Fellowship]]s taken over from SATCO, revenue flights were commenced in October on the Lima-[[Cusco]] route.<ref name=fi00>{{cite journal|title=World Airline Directory|journal=[[Flight International]]|volume=21 March 2000|page=55|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2000/2000%20-%200799.html|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref> Soon, a [[Boeing 727]] joined the fleet, and the airline placed an order for two new [[Fokker F27 Friendship]]s.<ref name="fi74">{{cite journal|title=World airlines update|journal=[[Flight International]]|issue=17 October 1974|page=512|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1974/1974%20-%201652.html|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref> In 1974, two [[Douglas DC-8]]s were acquired from [[Viasa]], which allowed the launch of international routes.<ref name=fi74/> The inaugural international flight to [[Buenos Aires]] took place on 29 July of that year,<ref name=fi00/> soon followed by a scheduled service to [[Miami]].<ref name=fi74/> By 1978, the Aeroperú network had grown to include a multitude of destinations in [[Latin America]], and also the US cities of [[New York City|New York]] and [[Los Angeles]] due to their large [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Latino populations]].<ref name="1978routemap"/>
Aeroperú was formed on May 22, 1973, following the reorganization of SATCO,<ref>{{cite web|title=Servicio Aéreo de Transportes Comerciales (SATCO)|url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/database/operators/5411|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|access-date=26 June 2021}}</ref> an earlier airline founded on 1960 and controlled by the [[Peruvian Army]]. Initially, a wholly state-owned company with a fleet of three [[Fokker F28 Fellowship]]s taken over from SATCO, revenue flights were commenced in October on the Lima-[[Cusco]] route. Soon, a [[Boeing 727]] joined the fleet, and the airline placed an order for two new [[Fokker F27 Friendship]]s. In 1974, two [[Douglas DC-8]]s were acquired from [[Viasa]], which allowed the company to launch international flights.


The inaugural international flight to Buenos Aires took place on 29 July 1974, soon followed by a scheduled service to Miami. By 1978, the Aeroperú network had grown to include many Latin American destinations, and also the US cities of New York and Los Angeles due to their large [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Latino populations]].<ref>{{cite thesis|last1=Bailly|first1=Augusto|title=Profiling and Predicting Post-Shopping Outcome Behavior of Passenger-Consumers of Airlines in Peru: An Empirical Study|date=1991|degree=PhD|publisher=Union Institute|page=25|id={{ProQuest|303955643}}|language=en|chapter=History of Aeroperu}}</ref>
In July 1981, Aeroperú was gradually privatized, with the Peruvian government keeping a minority share of 20 percent.<ref name=atdb/> In 1982, plans were made for a merger with [[Faucett Perú]], the other large passenger airline in the country at that time. As a preparatory measure, redundancies in the route networks of the two airlines were removed, so that Aeroperú had to suspend flights to a number of destinations,<ref name=fiPeru82>{{cite journal|title=Peru streamlines its airlines|journal=[[Flight International]]|volume=24 April 1982|page=1028|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1982/1982%20-%201084.html|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref> including [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Sao Paulo]], [[New York City]] and [[Los Angeles]].<ref name=fi82>{{cite journal|title=World airline directory|journal=[[Flight International]]|issue=3 April 1982|page=801|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1982/1982%20-%200845.html|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref> No further steps were taken towards merging the two airlines, and so in 1983 flights to several destinations recommenced.<ref name=fi83>{{cite journal|title=World Airline Directory|journal=[[Flight International]]|issue=2 April 1983|page=870|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1983/1983%20-%200566.html|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref> A bilateral air traffic agreement between Peru and the United States expired on 11 November 1983. Because of disagreements over the granting of [[Freedoms of the air#Fifth freedom|fifth freedom rights]], all flights between the two countries were suspended in May 1984<ref name=fiDispute85>{{cite journal|title=US/Peru dispute upsets tourism|journal=[[Flight International]]|issue=26 January 1985|pages=32|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1985/1985%20-%200222.html|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref> until mid-1985, which affected Aeroperú's Lima-Miami route.<ref name=fi85>{{cite journal|title=World Airline Directory|issue=30 March 1985|page=32|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1985/1985%20-%200892.html|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref>
In July 1981, Aeroperú was gradually privatized, with the Peruvian government keeping a 20% minority share.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Shea|first1=W. Christopher|title=Aeroperu and Lapsa: Peru, Paraguay, and Privatization|journal=Administrative Law Review|date=1996|volume=48|pages=579|url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/admin48&div=57&id=&page=}}</ref> In 1982, plans were made for a merger with [[Faucett Perú]], the other large Peruvian passenger airline at that time. As a preparatory measure, redundancies in the route networks of the two airlines were eliminated, to which end Aeroperú suspended flights to a number of destinations,<ref name=fiPeru82>{{cite news|title=Peru streamlines its airlines|work=Flight International|date=24 April 1982|page=1028|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1982/1982%20-%201084.html|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref> including Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, New York City and Los Angeles.<ref name=fi82>{{cite news|title=World airline directory|work=Flight International|date=3 April 1982|page=801|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1982/1982%20-%200845.html|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref> No further steps were taken towards merging the two airlines, and so in 1983 flights to several destinations recommenced.<ref>{{cite news|title=Latin America-Caribbean|work=Air Transport World|date=1 May 1984|issn=0002-2543}}</ref> A bilateral air traffic agreement between Peru and the United States expired on 11 November 1983. Because of disagreements over the granting of [[Freedoms of the air#Fifth freedom|fifth freedom rights]], all flights between the two countries were suspended in May 1984<ref name=fiDispute85>{{cite news|title=US/Peru dispute upsets tourism|work=Flight International|date=26 January 1985|page=32|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1985/1985%20-%200222.html|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref> until mid-1985, which affected Aeroperú's Lima-Miami route.
In 1993, [[Aeroméxico]] acquired 70% of the shares worth $54 million, thus making Aeroperú its subsidiary.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Nash|first1=Nathaniel C.|title=No Longer a Pariah, Peru Is Being Recast As Business Magnet|volume=143|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/02/business/no-longer-a-pariah-peru-is-being-recast-as-business-magnet.html|work=The New York Times|issue=49503|date=2 November 1993}}</ref> Subsequently, two [[Boeing 757-200]]s were transferred, allowing Aeroperú to replace their ageing DC-8s. In 1996, 47% of Aeroperú was transferred to Cintra, the parent company of Aeroméxico and [[Mexicana de Aviación]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Von Hagen|first1=Adriana|title=Aeromexico Heads South|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A13453471/AONE?u=fres85346&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=e72ae0af|work=Airline Business|date=14 February 1993}}</ref> In 1998, [[Delta Air Lines]] became a major shareholder of Aeroperú, when they acquired a 35% stake in the airline.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Knibb|first1=Dave|title=Latin America's Casualties|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A62987197/AONE?u=fres85346&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=e08780ad|work=Airline Business|date=July 2000}}</ref> The agreement saw Cintra reducing their share to an equal 35%.<ref name=fi_shutdown>{{cite news|title=AeroPerú suspends flights while debt renegotiations take place|work=Flight International|volume=17 March 1999|page=20|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1999/1999%20-%200472.html|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref>


Aeroperú was forced to suspend all flight operations on March 10, 1999.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Aeroperu Ceases Operations To Refinance Debt|journal=Airline Business Report|date=15 March 1999|volume=14|issue=11|page=1|id={{ProQuest|231522981}}}}</ref> According to general director Jaan Albrecht, Aeroperu's debt by 1999 had reached $174 million, while the airline's tangible assets were worth only $50 million.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Knibb|first1=David|last2=Homewood|first2=Brian|title=Aeroperu Suspends Flights|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A54754561/AONE?u=fres85346&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=e8935d7e|work=Airline Business|date=April 1999}}</ref> Several plans for a relaunch were made, which included a possible buy-in of [[Continental Airlines]] or a takeover by a group of foreign investors.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Romero|first1=Simon|title=Aeroperu Future|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/19/business/world-business-briefing-americas-aeroperu-future.html|work=The New York Times|issue=51558|volume=148|date=19 June 1999}}</ref> None of these materialized, and Aeroperú was liquidated on August 18, 1999.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rohter|first1=Larry|title=Investment in Peruvian Airline|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/03/business/world-business-briefing-americas-investment-in-peruvian-airline.html|work=The New York Times|issue=51542|volume=148|date=3 June 1999}}</ref> Most of its route network as well as the role of Peruvian flag carrier was taken over by newly founded [[LAN Perú]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=LanPeru Authorized To Fly Early, But Not Off The Ground Yet|journal=Airline Financial News|date=22 March 1999|volume=14|issue=12|issn=1040-5410}}</ref>
In 1993, [[Aeroméxico]] acquired 70 percent of the shares worth $54 million, thus making Aeroperú its subsidiary.<ref name=fiAMtakeover>{{cite journal|title=AeroMexico wins AeroPeru re-bid|journal=[[Flight International]]|issue=27 January 1993|page=21|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1993/1993%20-%200155.html|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref> Subsequently two [[Boeing 757-200]] airliners were transferred, allowing Aeroperú to replace their ageing DC-8s.<ref name=ps>{{cite web|title=Aeroperú fleet list|url=http://www.planespotters.net/Airline/Aeroperu|publisher=planespotters.net|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref> In 1996, 47 percent of Aeroperú was transferred to [[Corporación Internacional de Transporte Aereo|Cintra]], the parent company of Aeroméxico and [[Mexicana de Aviación]].<ref name=fi00/> The three airlines entered mutual [[codeshare flight|codeshare agreements]] under the '''Alas de Americas''' name,<ref name=fi00/> with Aeroperú joining ''Club Permier'', the [[frequent-flyer program]] of Aeroméxico.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} Between 1996 and 1997, Aeropéru maintained a second base at [[Bogotá]]'s [[El Dorado International Airport]] in [[Colombia]], from where regional flights were offered.<ref name=fi96/><ref name=fi97>{{cite journal|title=World Airline Directory|journal=[[Flight International]]|issue=19 March 1997|page=43|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1997/1997%20-%200699.html|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref> In 1998, [[Delta Air Lines]] became a major shareholder of Aeroperú, when they acquired a 35 percent stake in the airline.<ref name=atdb/> The agreement saw Cintra reducing their share to an equal 35 percent.<ref name=fi_shutdown>{{cite journal|title=AeroPerú suspends flights while debt renegotiations take place|journal=[[Flight International]]|volume=17 March 1999|page=20|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1999/1999%20-%200472.html|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref>


⚫
==Destinations==
Due to financial difficulties that had troubled the airline for most of its existence, Aeroperú was forced to suspend all flight operations on 10 March 1999.<ref name=fi_shutdown/> Several plans for a relaunch were made, which included a possible buy-in of [[Continental Airlines]]<ref name=fiCO99>{{cite journal|title=Aeroperú stake|journal=[[Flight International]]|volume=9 June 1999|page=9|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1999/1999%20-%201597.html|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref> or a takeover by a group of foreign investors.<ref name=atdb/> None of these materialized, and Aeroperú was liquidated on 18 August 1999.<ref name=atdb/><ref name=fi00/> Most of its route network as well as the role of Peruvian flag carrier was taken over by newly founded [[LAN Perú]].
⚫
{{Main|List of Aeroperú destinations}}


⚫
With [[Jorge Chavez International Airport]] being its most important hub, Aeroperú maintained an extensive domestic route network. International flights were offered to a number of cities in Latin America, as well as the United States.
===Aeroperu chorus===
Aeroperu boasted of a well known musical chorus, Coro de Aeroperu, consisting of a set of singers from within Aeroperu's pilots and flight attendants.<ref>http://www.mtv.com/artists/coro-aeroperu/</ref> The chorus released two albums which also became promotional items for the airline, "El Canto del Peru para la gente de las Americas" ("Peru's songs for the people of the Americas") and "Musica en la ruta del Sol" (Music on the sun route).<ref>http://www.musicstack.com/item/57567542</ref>

===Re-Launch===
On December 29, 2011, the company Transportes Peruanos Globales obtained permission from the General Directorate of Civil Aeronautics (DGAC) to re-launch AeroPerú as a commercial airline. The permission was authorized for four years, and was quite broad. <ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.periodismoperu.com/2011/12/29/aeroperu-volvera-a-operar-empresa-prestara-el-servicio-de-transporte-aereo-despues-de-mas-diez-anos-de-ausencia/ |title= AeroPerú volverá a operar. Empresa prestará el servicio de transporte aéreo después de más diez años de ausencia|date= 29 December 2011 |accessdate= 10 January 2012}}</ref>

⚫
==Destinations==
⚫
{{main|List of Aeroperú destinations}}
⚫
With [[Lima Airport]] being its most important [[airline hub|hub]], Aeroperú maintained an extensive domestic route network. International flights were offered to a number of cities in [[Latin America]], as well as the [[United States of America|United States]].


==Fleet==
==Fleet==
[[File:Aeroperú Boeing 757-200 N52AW MIA 1996-1-8.png|thumb|A [[Boeing 757-200]] landing at [[Miami International Airport]] in 1996. This aircraft seen here was destroyed in the crash of [[Aeroperú Flight 603|Flight 603]] into the Pacific Ocean 9 months later]]
[[File:Aeroperú Boeing 757-200 N52AW MIA 1996-1-8.png|thumb|An Aeroperú [[Boeing 757-200]] landing at [[Miami International Airport]] in 1996. This aircraft seen here was destroyed in the crash of [[Aeroperú Flight 603|Flight 603]] into the Pacific Ocean 9 months later.]]


Over the years, Aeroperú operated the following aircraft types:<ref name=atdb/><ref>https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Aeroperu</ref><ref name=airfleets>{{cite web|title=Aeroperú fleet list|url=http://www.airfleets.net/flottecie/Aero%20Peru.htm|publisher=airfleets.net|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref>
Over the years, Aeroperú operated the following aircraft types:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Aeroperu|title=Aeroperú Fleet Details and History|website=Planespotters.net|access-date=February 20, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://aerobernie.bplaced.net/Aero%20Peru.html|title=Aero Peru fleet|website=aerobernie.bplaced.net|access-date=March 16, 2022}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; text-align:center"
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; text-align:center"
|+ Aeroperu fleet
|+ Aeroperú fleet
|-
|-
!Aircraft
!Aircraft
Line 65: Line 60:
|-
|-
|[[Boeing 727-100]]
|[[Boeing 727-100]]
|7
|8
|1974
|1974
|1998
|1998
Line 71: Line 66:
|-
|-
|[[Boeing 727-200]]
|[[Boeing 727-200]]
|12
|9
⚫
|1993
⚫
|1994
|1999
|1999
|
|
Line 83: Line 78:
|-
|-
|[[Boeing 757-200]]
|[[Boeing 757-200]]
|7
|4
|1994
|1994
|1999
|1999
|One Destroyed In [[Aeroperú Flight 603|Flight 603]]
⚫
|
|-
|-
|[[Boeing 767-200]]
|[[Boeing 767-200]]
Line 94: Line 89:
|Leased from [[Britannia Airways]]
|Leased from [[Britannia Airways]]
|-
|-
|[[Douglas DC-8|Douglas DC-8-40]]
|[[Douglas C-47 Skytrain]]
|3
|1973
|{{unknown}}
⚫
|
⚫
|-
|[[Douglas DC-8|Douglas DC-8-43]]
|1
|1
|1978
|1978
|1978
|1978
|Leased from [[Air Jamaica]]
|rowspan=2|Leased from [[Air Jamaica]]
|-
|-
|[[Douglas DC-8|Douglas DC-8-50]]
|[[Douglas DC-8|Douglas DC-8-51]]
|6
|3
|1976
⚫
|1974
|1981
|1981
|-
|[[Douglas DC-8|Douglas DC-8-53]]
|3
⚫
|1974
|1976
|
|-
|[[Douglas DC-8|Douglas DC-8-61]]
|1
|1992
⚫
|1994
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Douglas DC-8|Douglas DC-8-60]]
|[[Douglas DC-8|Douglas DC-8-62H]]
|5
|5
|1988
|1988
Line 112: Line 124:
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Douglas DC-8|Douglas DC-8-60H]]
|[[Douglas DC-8|Douglas DC-8-63]]
|2
|1
|1990
|1989
|1992
⚫
|1993
|
|
|-
|-
Line 125: Line 137:
|-
|-
|[[Fokker F-28 Fellowship]]
|[[Fokker F-28 Fellowship]]
|1
|4
|1973
|1973
|1998
|1998
Line 134: Line 146:
|1993
|1993
|1997
|1997
|Leased from [[Mexicana de Aviacion|Mexicana]]
|Leased from [[Mexicana de Aviación]]
|-
|-
|[[McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30]]
|[[McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30]]
Line 142: Line 154:
|Leased from [[Canadian Airlines]]
|Leased from [[Canadian Airlines]]
|-
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Lockheed L-1011 Tristar]]
|rowspan=2|[[Lockheed L-1011 Tristar]]
|2
|2
|1978
|1978
|1982
|1985
|Leased from [[Lockheed Corporation]]
⚫
|
|-
|-
|1
|1
|1991
|1991
|1992
|1998
|Jointly operated with [[Faucett Perú]]
|Jointly operated by [[Faucett Perú]]
|-
|-
|}
|}


==Accidents and incidents==
==Accidents and incidents==
*On 25 October 1988, in Aeroperú Flight 772, an Aeroperú [[Fokker F28 Fellowship]] ([[aircraft registration|registered]] OB-R-1020) took off at [[Inca Manco Cápac International Airport]] for a domestic flight to [[Arequipa]], but failed to obtain any substantial height. Subsequently, the aircraft hit the ground and broke up into several pieces. Of the 65 passengers on board, 11 were killed, as well as one crew member.<ref>{{cite web|title=Accident Description of the Aeroperú 1988 crash|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19881025-1|website=[[Aviation Safety Network]]|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref>
* On October 25, 1988, in Aeroperú Flight 772, a [[Fokker F28 Fellowship]] (registered OB-R-1020) took off at [[Inca Manco Cápac International Airport]] for a domestic flight to [[Arequipa]], but failed to obtain any substantial height. Subsequently, the aircraft hit the ground and broke up. 11 of the 65 passengers on board were killed, as well as one crew member.<ref>{{cite news|title=A Plane Crash in Peru Kills 12 in the Andes |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/26/world/a-plane-crash-in-peru-kills-12-in-the-andes.html|work=The New York Times|issue=47670|volume=138|date=26 October 1988}}</ref>
⚫
* On October 2, 1996, at 01:11 local time, [[Aeroperú Flight 603]], a [[Boeing 757-200]] (registered N52AW) was en route from Lima to Santiago de Chile when it crashed into the Pacific Ocean. All 70 people on board died in the crash. Investigators revealed that during earlier maintenance work, a protective tape covering the [[Pitot-static system|static ports]] of the airplane had not been removed, which resulted in incorrect instrument data being delivered to the pilots during the accident flight.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wald|first1=Matthew L.|title=Peru Crash Is Attributed to Maintenance Error|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/16/us/peru-crash-is-attributed-to-maintenance-error.html|work=The New York Times|issue=50613|volume=143|date=16 November 1996}}</ref>


==See also==
⚫
*On 2 October 1996, 70 people died in the disaster of [[Aeroperú Flight 603|Flight 603]]. The [[Boeing 757-200]] registered N52AW had been en route a scheduled flight from [[Lima]] to [[Santiago de Chile]] when it crashed into the [[Pacific Ocean]] at 01:11 local time. The investigation revealed that during earlier maintenance work, a protective tape covering the [[Pitot-static system|static ports]] of the airplane had not been removed, which resulted in incorrect instrument data being delivered to the pilots during the accident flight.<ref>{{cite web|title=Accident Description of Aeroperú Flight 603|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19961002-0|website=[[Aviation Safety Network]]|accessdate=19 April 2013}}</ref>
* [[List of defunct airlines of Peru]]


==References==
==References==
Line 164: Line 178:


==External links==
==External links==
⚫
* [https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.aeroperu.com.pe Aeroperú website] {{in lang|es|en}}
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{{Portal|Peru|Aviation}}
* {{in lang|es|en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.aeroperu.com.pe Aeroperú website] (archives)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.rcp.net.pe/AEROPERU/ older Aeroperú domain] {{in lang|es}}
* [http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/BibVirtual/publicaciones/administracion/v05_n9/evaluacion_proceso.htm Evaluacion del Proceso de Privatizacion de las Empresa de Servicios Publicos 1991-2000] {{in lang|es}}
⚫
* {{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.rcp.net.pe/AEROPERU/ older Aeroperú domain] (archives)
* {{in lang|es}} Castillo Maza, Juan. "[http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/BibVirtual/publicaciones/administracion/v05_n9/evaluacion_proceso.htm EVALUACIÓN DEL PROCESO DE PRIVATIZACIÓN DE LAS EMPRESA DE SERVICIOS PÚBLICOS 1991-2000]." ''[[Gestión en el Tercer Milenio]]''.<!--Gest. Terc. Milen.--> [[National University of San Marcos]] Faculty of Administrative Sciences<!--Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas-->. Year 5, #9, October 2002<!--Año 5. Nº9. Octubre 2002-->. ([http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/BibVirtual/publicaciones/administracion/v05_n9/bib_evaluacion_proceso.htm Bibliography]) - ISSN 1728-2969 (electronic version<!--versión electrónica -->). Includes an abstract in English.


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Aeroperu}}
{{Airlines of Peru}}
{{Airlines of Peru}}
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{{Portal bar|Peru|Aviation}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Aeroperu}}
[[Category:Aeroperú| ]]
[[Category:Aeroperú| ]]
[[Category:Defunct airlines of Peru]]
[[Category:Defunct airlines of Peru]]

Latest revision as of 18:50, 8 October 2024

Not to be confused with Air Perú, Aerolíneas Peruanas, Peruvian Airlines, or Peruvian International Airways.
Aeroperú
IATA ICAO Call sign
PL PLI AEROPERÚ
FoundedMay 22, 1973 (1973-05-22)
Commenced operationsOctober 3, 1973 (1973-10-03)
Ceased operationsAugust 18, 1999 (1999-08-18)
HubsJorge Chávez International Airport
Focus citiesEl Dorado International Airport
(late 1990s)
Frequent-flyer programClub Premier
Fleet size22 (at time of closure)
Destinations34 (at time of closure)
Parent companyAeroméxico
HeadquartersLima, Peru
Employees1,500
Websitewww.aeroperu.com.pe

Empresa de Transporte Aéreo del Perú S.A. branded as Aeroperú, was a Peruvian airline, serving as flag carrier of Peru from 1973 to 1999. The company was headquartered in Lima, with the city's Jorge Chávez International Airport serving as its primary hub. Besides an extensive domestic route network, Aeroperú offered international flights to places in Latin America and the United States of America. The company had around 1,500 employees. It ceased operations in 1999.

History

[edit]
An Aeroperú Boeing 727-100 at Jorge Chavez International Airport in 1988
An Aeroperú Douglas DC-8-62H landing at Miami International Airport in 1992

Aeroperú was formed on May 22, 1973, following the reorganization of SATCO,[1] an earlier airline founded on 1960 and controlled by the Peruvian Army. Initially, a wholly state-owned company with a fleet of three Fokker F28 Fellowships taken over from SATCO, revenue flights were commenced in October on the Lima-Cusco route. Soon, a Boeing 727 joined the fleet, and the airline placed an order for two new Fokker F27 Friendships. In 1974, two Douglas DC-8s were acquired from Viasa, which allowed the company to launch international flights.

The inaugural international flight to Buenos Aires took place on 29 July 1974, soon followed by a scheduled service to Miami. By 1978, the Aeroperú network had grown to include many Latin American destinations, and also the US cities of New York and Los Angeles due to their large Latino populations.[2] In July 1981, Aeroperú was gradually privatized, with the Peruvian government keeping a 20% minority share.[3] In 1982, plans were made for a merger with Faucett Perú, the other large Peruvian passenger airline at that time. As a preparatory measure, redundancies in the route networks of the two airlines were eliminated, to which end Aeroperú suspended flights to a number of destinations,[4] including Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, New York City and Los Angeles.[5] No further steps were taken towards merging the two airlines, and so in 1983 flights to several destinations recommenced.[6] A bilateral air traffic agreement between Peru and the United States expired on 11 November 1983. Because of disagreements over the granting of fifth freedom rights, all flights between the two countries were suspended in May 1984[7] until mid-1985, which affected Aeroperú's Lima-Miami route. In 1993, Aeroméxico acquired 70% of the shares worth $54 million, thus making Aeroperú its subsidiary.[8] Subsequently, two Boeing 757-200s were transferred, allowing Aeroperú to replace their ageing DC-8s. In 1996, 47% of Aeroperú was transferred to Cintra, the parent company of Aeroméxico and Mexicana de Aviación.[9] In 1998, Delta Air Lines became a major shareholder of Aeroperú, when they acquired a 35% stake in the airline.[10] The agreement saw Cintra reducing their share to an equal 35%.[11]

Aeroperú was forced to suspend all flight operations on March 10, 1999.[12] According to general director Jaan Albrecht, Aeroperu's debt by 1999 had reached $174 million, while the airline's tangible assets were worth only $50 million.[13] Several plans for a relaunch were made, which included a possible buy-in of Continental Airlines or a takeover by a group of foreign investors.[14] None of these materialized, and Aeroperú was liquidated on August 18, 1999.[15] Most of its route network as well as the role of Peruvian flag carrier was taken over by newly founded LAN Perú.[16]

Destinations

[edit]
Main article: List of Aeroperú destinations

With Jorge Chavez International Airport being its most important hub, Aeroperú maintained an extensive domestic route network. International flights were offered to a number of cities in Latin America, as well as the United States.

Fleet

[edit]
An Aeroperú Boeing 757-200 landing at Miami International Airport in 1996. This aircraft seen here was destroyed in the crash of Flight 603 into the Pacific Ocean 9 months later.

Over the years, Aeroperú operated the following aircraft types:[17][18]

Aeroperú fleet
Aircraft Total Introduced Retired Notes
Boeing 727-100 8 1974 1998
Boeing 727-200 9 1993 1999
Boeing 737-200 4 1998 1999
Boeing 757-200 4 1994 1999 One Destroyed In Flight 603
Boeing 767-200 1 1990 1990 Leased from Britannia Airways
Douglas C-47 Skytrain 3 1973 Un­known
Douglas DC-8-43 1 1978 1978 Leased from Air Jamaica
Douglas DC-8-51 3 1976 1981
Douglas DC-8-53 3 1974 1976
Douglas DC-8-61 1 1992 1994
Douglas DC-8-62H 5 1988 1994
Douglas DC-8-63 1 1990 1992
Fokker F-27 Friendship 3 1974 1984
Fokker F-28 Fellowship 4 1973 1998
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-15 3 1993 1997 Leased from Mexicana de Aviación
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 1 1994 1995 Leased from Canadian Airlines
Lockheed L-1011 Tristar 2 1978 1982 Leased from Lockheed Corporation
1 1991 1992 Jointly operated by Faucett Perú

Accidents and incidents

[edit]
  • On October 25, 1988, in Aeroperú Flight 772, a Fokker F28 Fellowship (registered OB-R-1020) took off at Inca Manco Cápac International Airport for a domestic flight to Arequipa, but failed to obtain any substantial height. Subsequently, the aircraft hit the ground and broke up. 11 of the 65 passengers on board were killed, as well as one crew member.[19]
  • On October 2, 1996, at 01:11 local time, Aeroperú Flight 603, a Boeing 757-200 (registered N52AW) was en route from Lima to Santiago de Chile when it crashed into the Pacific Ocean. All 70 people on board died in the crash. Investigators revealed that during earlier maintenance work, a protective tape covering the static ports of the airplane had not been removed, which resulted in incorrect instrument data being delivered to the pilots during the accident flight.[20]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Servicio Aéreo de Transportes Comerciales (SATCO)". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  2. ^ Bailly, Augusto (1991). "History of Aeroperu". Profiling and Predicting Post-Shopping Outcome Behavior of Passenger-Consumers of Airlines in Peru: An Empirical Study (PhD thesis). Union Institute. p. 25. ProQuest 303955643.
  3. ^ Shea, W. Christopher (1996). "Aeroperu and Lapsa: Peru, Paraguay, and Privatization". Administrative Law Review. 48: 579.
  4. ^ "Peru streamlines its airlines". Flight International. 24 April 1982. p. 1028. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
  5. ^ "World airline directory". Flight International. 3 April 1982. p. 801. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
  6. ^ "Latin America-Caribbean". Air Transport World. 1 May 1984. ISSN 0002-2543.
  7. ^ "US/Peru dispute upsets tourism". Flight International. 26 January 1985. p. 32. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
  8. ^ Nash, Nathaniel C. (2 November 1993). "No Longer a Pariah, Peru Is Being Recast As Business Magnet". The New York Times. Vol. 143, no. 49503.
  9. ^ Von Hagen, Adriana (14 February 1993). "Aeromexico Heads South". Airline Business.
  10. ^ Knibb, Dave (July 2000). "Latin America's Casualties". Airline Business.
  11. ^ "AeroPerú suspends flights while debt renegotiations take place". Flight International. Vol. 17 March 1999. p. 20. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
  12. ^ "Aeroperu Ceases Operations To Refinance Debt". Airline Business Report. 14 (11): 1. 15 March 1999. ProQuest 231522981.
  13. ^ Knibb, David; Homewood, Brian (April 1999). "Aeroperu Suspends Flights". Airline Business.
  14. ^ Romero, Simon (19 June 1999). "Aeroperu Future". The New York Times. Vol. 148, no. 51558.
  15. ^ Rohter, Larry (3 June 1999). "Investment in Peruvian Airline". The New York Times. Vol. 148, no. 51542.
  16. ^ "LanPeru Authorized To Fly Early, But Not Off The Ground Yet". Airline Financial News. 14 (12). 22 March 1999. ISSN 1040-5410.
  17. ^ "Aeroperú Fleet Details and History". Planespotters.net. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  18. ^ "Aero Peru fleet". aerobernie.bplaced.net. Retrieved March 16, 2022.
  19. ^ "A Plane Crash in Peru Kills 12 in the Andes". The New York Times. Vol. 138, no. 47670. 26 October 1988.
  20. ^ Wald, Matthew L. (16 November 1996). "Peru Crash Is Attributed to Maintenance Error". The New York Times. Vol. 143, no. 50613.
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