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{{short description|Species of weevil}}
{{short description|Species of weevil}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Italic title}}
| name = Gold-dust weevil
{{Taxobox
⚫
| name = ''Hypomeces squamosus''
| image = Hypomeces_squamosus.jpg
| image = Hypomeces_squamosus.jpg
⚫
| image_caption = ''Hypomeces squamosus'' on a leaf in [[Laos]]
| image_width = 240px
⚫
| genus = Hypomeces
| image_caption = ''Hypomeces squamosus'' from [[Laos]] on a green leaf.
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| species = pulviger
| authority = ([[Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Herbst|Herbst]], 1795)
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| display_parents = 3
| classis = [[Insect]]a
| ordo = [[Beetle|Coleoptera]]
| familia = [[Curculionidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Entiminae]]
| tribus = [[Tanymecini]]
| subtribus = [[Piazomiina]]
⚫
| genus = ''[[Hypomeces]]''
| species = '''''squamosus'''''
| binomial = ''Hypomeces squamosus''
| binomial_authority = ([[Johan Christian Fabricius|Fabricius]], 1792)
}}
}}


'''''Hypomeces squamosus''''', also known as the '''gold-dust weevil''' or '''green weevil''', is a [[species]] of beetle in the [[Curculionidae|true weevil]] family.<ref name=CABI/><ref name="Hill.2008">{{cite book| editor-last=Hill| editor-first=Dennis S.| year=2008| section=Major Tropical Crops and Their Pest Spectra| title=Pests of Crops in Warmer Climates and Their Control| page=334| location=Dordrecht| publisher=Springer Netherlands| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U5dezH9_eEMC&pg=PA334&dq=hypomeces+squamosus&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0yaiK-83aAhVDFZQKHfc3D2cQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=hypomeces%20squamosus&f=false}}</ref> The adult weevil can reach a length of about {{convert|14|mm|1|abbr=on}} and is covered with iridescent green or yellowish-green dust-like scales all over the body. This species can be found in [[India]], tropical [[Southeast Asia]], and the [[Philippines]]. Both the larvae and adults are crop pests. The larvae live in and pupate in the soil, feeding on living plant roots. The adult weevils are long-lived, doing damage to foliage, and sometimes defoliating young bushes and nursery trees.<ref name="Hill.2008"/>
'''''Hypomeces pulviger''''', also known as the '''gold-dust weevil''' or '''green weevil''', is a [[species]] of beetle in the [[Curculionidae|true weevil]] family.<ref name=CABI/><ref name="Hill.2008">{{cite book| editor-last=Hill| editor-first=Dennis S.| year=2008| section=Major Tropical Crops and Their Pest Spectra| title=Pests of Crops in Warmer Climates and Their Control| page=334| location=Dordrecht| publisher=Springer Netherlands| isbn=9781402067389| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U5dezH9_eEMC&dq=hypomeces+squamosus&pg=PA334}}</ref> The adult weevil can reach a length of about {{convert|14|mm|1|abbr=on}} and is covered with iridescent green or yellowish-green dust-like scales all over the body. This species can be found in [[India]], tropical [[Southeast Asia]], and the [[Philippines]]. Both the larvae and adults are crop pests. The larvae live in and pupate in the soil, feeding on living plant roots. The adult weevils are long-lived, doing damage to foliage, and sometimes defoliating young bushes and nursery trees.<ref name="Hill.2008"/>


==Description==
==Description==
The adult beetle is about {{convert|14|mm|1|abbr=on}} long. The head has a broad, long snout, clubbed antennae, large black eyes and chewing mouthparts. The thorax and [[Elytron|elytra]] (wing cases) are grey, dusted with golden or greenish iridescent flattened setae. The larvae are legless grubs living in the soil.<ref name="Hill.2008"/><ref name=Ong>{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330304356_Plant_pests_The_leaf-feeding_beetles |title=''Hypomeces squamosus'' |author=Ong, S.P. |author2=Farid, A. Mohd |year=2017 |work=Plant pests: the leaf-feeding beetles |publisher=Forest Research Institute Malaysia |accessdate=5 September 2021}}</ref>
The adult beetle is about {{convert|14|mm|1|abbr=on}} long. The head has a broad, long snout, clubbed antennae, large black eyes and chewing mouthparts. The thorax and [[Elytron|elytra]] (wing cases) are grey, dusted with golden or greenish iridescent flattened setae. The larvae are legless grubs living in the soil.<ref name="Hill.2008"/><ref name=Ong>{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330304356 |title=''Hypomeces squamosus'' |author=Ong, S.P. |author2=Farid, A. Mohd |year=2017 |work=Plant pests: the leaf-feeding beetles |publisher=Forest Research Institute Malaysia |accessdate=5 September 2021}}</ref>


==Distribution and habitat==
==Distribution and habitat==
''Hypomeces squamosus'' is native to southeastern Asia, its range extending from Pakistan and India to Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines and Indonesia. The insects are found in forests and in more open areas including agricultural cropland.<ref name=CABI>{{cite web |url=https://www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank/datasheet/27783 |title=Green weevil: ''Hypomeces squamosus'' |work=Plantwise Knowledge Bank |publisher=CABI |accessdate=5 September 2021}}</ref>
''Hypomeces pulviger'' is native to southeastern Asia, its range extending from Pakistan and India to Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines and Indonesia. The insects are found in forests and in more open areas including agricultural cropland.<ref name=CABI>{{cite web|url=https://www.plantwise.org/knowledgebank/datasheet/27783|title=Green weevil: ''Hypomeces squamosus''|work=Plantwise Knowledge Bank|publisher=CABI|access-date=5 September 2021}}</ref>


==Damage==
==Damage==
The larvae of ''Hypomeces squamosus'' live underground, feeding on the roots of a wide range of plants.<ref name=CABI/> In cotton and maize, they feed close to the surface and may cause the plants to [[Lodging (agriculture)|lodge]].<ref name="CABI" />
The larvae of ''Hypomeces pulviger'' live underground, feeding on the roots of a wide range of plants.<ref name=CABI/> In cotton and maize, they feed close to the surface and may cause the plants to [[Lodging (agriculture)|lodge]].<ref name="CABI" />


The adult ''Hypomeces squamosus'' feeds by chewing leaves. The growing tip and young leaves are preferentially chosen and eaten from the edge inwards. When older, more mature leaves are consumed, the softer parts between the veins are eaten and the veins are left. [[Host (biology)|Host plants]] include ''[[Citrus]]'', ''[[Gossypium]]'' (cotton), ''[[Helianthus annuus]]'' (sunflower), ''[[Sweet potato|Ipomoea batatas]]'' (sweet potato), ''[[Nicotiana tabacum]]'' (tobacco), ''[[Oryza sativa]]'' (rice), ''[[Avocado|Persea americana]]'' (avocado), ''[[Saccharum officinarum]]'' (sugarcane) and ''[[Maize|Zea mays]]'' (maize).<ref name=CABI/> It is a pest of tea plants in China,<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Guo Shibao|author2=Shi Hongzhong|author3=Yin Jian|year=2011|title=Investigation of pest in Xinyang tea-producing area|journal=Agricultural Science and Technology|volume=11|issue=1|pages=133–181|url=https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=CN2011000501}}</ref> of [[Eucalyptus camaldulensis|red river gum]] (''Eucalyptus camaldulensis'')<ref name=CABI/> and [[pigeon pea]] (''Cajanus cajan'') in Thailand,<ref>{{cite book|author1=Sawai Buranapanichpan|author2=Banpot Napompeth|author3=Yin Jian|year=1982|title=Insect pests of pigeon pea in Thailand|publisher=Kasetsart University|location=Bangkok, Thailand|pages=1–19|url=https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=TH9220072}}</ref> of rubber (''Hevea brasiliensis''), [[Theobroma cacao|cocoa]] (''Theobroma cacao''), [[Cassia fistula|cassia]] (''Cassia fistula''), [[cowpea]]s (''Vigna unguiculata''), [[jackfruit]] (''Artocarpus heterophyllus''), [[Bombax ceiba|kapok]] (''Bombax ceiba''), [[breadfruit]] (''Artocarpus altilis''), ''[[Flindersia brayleyana]]'', [[mango]]es (''Mangifera indica''), [[Morus alba|mulberries]] (''Morus alba''), [[Pterocarpus indicus|Philippine mahogany]] (''Pterocarpus indicus''), [[rambutan]] (''Nephelium lappaceum''), [[Manilkara zapota|sapodilla]] (''Manilkara zapota''), [[teak]] (''Tectona grandis'') and [[Vernicia fordii|tung]] (''Vernicia fordii'').<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20097401198|title=''Hypomeces squamosus'' (Fabricius, 1792), green weevil|year=2014|work=CAB Direct|publisher=CAB International|access-date=7 September 2021}}</ref> The weevils can also do considerable damage to young trees in forest nurseries.<ref name=CABI/>
The adult ''Hypomeces pulviger'' feeds by chewing leaves. The growing tip and young leaves are preferentially chosen and eaten from the edge inwards. When older, more mature leaves are consumed, the softer parts between the veins are eaten and the veins are left. [[Host (biology)|Host plants]] include ''[[Citrus]]'', ''[[Gossypium]]'' (cotton), ''[[Helianthus annuus]]'' (sunflower), ''[[Sweet potato|Ipomoea batatas]]'' (sweet potato), ''[[Nicotiana tabacum]]'' (tobacco), ''[[Oryza sativa]]'' (rice), ''[[Avocado|Persea americana]]'' (avocado), ''[[Saccharum officinarum]]'' (sugarcane) and ''[[Maize|Zea mays]]'' (maize).<ref name=CABI/> It is a pest of tea plants in China,<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Guo Shibao|author2=Shi Hongzhong|author3=Yin Jian|year=2011|title=Investigation of pest in Xinyang tea-producing area|journal=Agricultural Science and Technology|volume=11|issue=1|pages=133–181|url=https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=CN2011000501}}</ref> of [[Eucalyptus camaldulensis|red river gum]] (''Eucalyptus camaldulensis'')<ref name=CABI/> and [[pigeon pea]] (''Cajanus cajan'') in Thailand,<ref>{{cite book|author1=Sawai Buranapanichpan|author2=Banpot Napompeth|author3=Yin Jian|year=1982|title=Insect pests of pigeon pea in Thailand|publisher=Kasetsart University|location=Bangkok, Thailand|pages=1–19|url=https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=TH9220072}}</ref> of rubber (''Hevea brasiliensis''), [[Theobroma cacao|cocoa]] (''Theobroma cacao''), [[Cassia fistula|cassia]] (''Cassia fistula''), [[cowpea]]s (''Vigna unguiculata''), [[jackfruit]] (''Artocarpus heterophyllus''), [[Bombax ceiba|kapok]] (''Bombax ceiba''), [[breadfruit]] (''Artocarpus altilis''), ''[[Flindersia brayleyana]]'', [[mango]]es (''Mangifera indica''), [[Morus alba|mulberries]] (''Morus alba''), [[Pterocarpus indicus|Philippine mahogany]] (''Pterocarpus indicus''), [[rambutan]] (''Nephelium lappaceum''), [[Manilkara zapota|sapodilla]] (''Manilkara zapota''), [[teak]] (''Tectona grandis'') and [[Vernicia fordii|tung]] (''Vernicia fordii'').<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20097401198|title=''Hypomeces squamosus'' (Fabricius, 1792), green weevil|year=2014|work=CAB Direct|publisher=CAB International|access-date=7 September 2021}}</ref> The weevils can also do considerable damage to young trees in forest nurseries.<ref name=CABI/>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{sisterlinks|d=Q55614145|commons=Category:Hypomeces squamosus|wikt=no|q=no|n=no|v=no|s=no|mw=no|m=no|voy=no|b=no}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q55614145}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q55614145}}


Latest revision as of 19:49, 12 July 2024

Gold-dust weevil
Hypomeces squamosus on a leaf in Laos
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Suborder: Polyphaga
Infraorder: Cucujiformia
Family: Curculionidae
Subfamily: Entiminae
Tribe: Tanymecini
Genus: Hypomeces
Species:
H. pulviger
Binomial name
Hypomeces pulviger
(Herbst, 1795)

Hypomeces pulviger, also known as the gold-dust weevil or green weevil, is a species of beetle in the true weevil family.[1][2] The adult weevil can reach a length of about 14 mm (0.6 in) and is covered with iridescent green or yellowish-green dust-like scales all over the body. This species can be found in India, tropical Southeast Asia, and the Philippines. Both the larvae and adults are crop pests. The larvae live in and pupate in the soil, feeding on living plant roots. The adult weevils are long-lived, doing damage to foliage, and sometimes defoliating young bushes and nursery trees.[2]

Description

[edit]

The adult beetle is about 14 mm (0.6 in) long. The head has a broad, long snout, clubbed antennae, large black eyes and chewing mouthparts. The thorax and elytra (wing cases) are grey, dusted with golden or greenish iridescent flattened setae. The larvae are legless grubs living in the soil.[2][3]

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

Hypomeces pulviger is native to southeastern Asia, its range extending from Pakistan and India to Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines and Indonesia. The insects are found in forests and in more open areas including agricultural cropland.[1]

Damage

[edit]

The larvae of Hypomeces pulviger live underground, feeding on the roots of a wide range of plants.[1] In cotton and maize, they feed close to the surface and may cause the plants to lodge.[1]

The adult Hypomeces pulviger feeds by chewing leaves. The growing tip and young leaves are preferentially chosen and eaten from the edge inwards. When older, more mature leaves are consumed, the softer parts between the veins are eaten and the veins are left. Host plants include Citrus, Gossypium (cotton), Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), Oryza sativa (rice), Persea americana (avocado), Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane) and Zea mays (maize).[1] It is a pest of tea plants in China,[4] of red river gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis)[1] and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) in Thailand,[5] of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), cocoa (Theobroma cacao), cassia (Cassia fistula), cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), kapok (Bombax ceiba), breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), Flindersia brayleyana, mangoes (Mangifera indica), mulberries (Morus alba), Philippine mahogany (Pterocarpus indicus), rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), sapodilla (Manilkara zapota), teak (Tectona grandis) and tung (Vernicia fordii).[6] The weevils can also do considerable damage to young trees in forest nurseries.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Green weevil: Hypomeces squamosus". Plantwise Knowledge Bank. CABI. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Hill, Dennis S., ed. (2008). "Major Tropical Crops and Their Pest Spectra". Pests of Crops in Warmer Climates and Their Control. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. p. 334. ISBN 9781402067389.
  3. ^ Ong, S.P.; Farid, A. Mohd (2017). "Hypomeces squamosus". Plant pests: the leaf-feeding beetles. Forest Research Institute Malaysia. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  4. ^ Guo Shibao; Shi Hongzhong; Yin Jian (2011). "Investigation of pest in Xinyang tea-producing area". Agricultural Science and Technology. 11 (1): 133–181.
  5. ^ Sawai Buranapanichpan; Banpot Napompeth; Yin Jian (1982). Insect pests of pigeon pea in Thailand. Bangkok, Thailand: Kasetsart University. pp. 1–19.
  6. ^ "Hypomeces squamosus (Fabricius, 1792), green weevil". CAB Direct. CAB International. 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
[edit]
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