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{{Short description|International satellite communications services organization}}
{{Infobox organization
{{Infobox organization
|name = Intersputnik<br/>{{small|Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications}}
|name = Intersputnik<br/>{{small|Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications}}
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|status = Active
|status = Active
|purpose =
|purpose =
|headquarters = [[Moscow]], [[Russia]]
|headquarters = [[Moscow]], Russia
|coordinates =
|coordinates =
|owner =
|owner =
|location =
|location =
|region_served =
|region_served =
|membership = 26 member states
|membership = 25 member states
|language = [[Russian language|Russian]]
|language = [[Russian language|Russian]]
|leader_title = Director General
|leader_title = Director General
|leader_name = Vadim Belov<ref>{{cite web|url=http://intersputnik.int/about/direction/|title=Directorate|website=Intersputnik.net|access-date=March 4, 2021}}</ref>
|leader_name = Ksenia Drozdova<ref>{{cite web|url=http://intersputnik.int/about/direction/|title=Directorate|website=Intersputnik.net|access-date=March 4, 2021}}</ref>
|main_organ =
|main_organ =
|parent_organization =
|parent_organization =
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|remarks =
|remarks =
}}
}}
The '''Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications''', commonly known as '''Intersputnik''', is an international [[satellite]] communications services organization founded on 15 November 1971, in [[Moscow]] by the [[Soviet Union]] along with a group of eight formerly socialist states ([[Poland]], [[Czechoslovakia]], [[East Germany]], [[Hungary]], [[Romania]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Mongolia]], and [[Cuba]]).
The '''Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications''', commonly known as '''Intersputnik''', is an international [[satellite]] communications services organization founded on 15 November 1971, in [[Moscow]] by the [[Soviet Union]] along with a group of seven formerly socialist states ([[Poland]], [[Czechoslovakia]], [[East Germany]], [[Hungary]], [[Romania]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Mongolia]]) and [[Cuba]].


The objective was and continues to be the development and common use of [[communications satellites]]. It was created as the Eastern Bloc's response to the Western [[Intelsat]] organization. As of 2008 the organization has 25 member states, among them the [[Germany|Federal Republic of Germany]] as the legal successor of the [[East Germany|GDR]].
The objective was and continues to be the development and common use of [[communications satellites]]. It was created as the Eastern Bloc's response to the Western [[Intelsat]] organization. As of 2024 the organization has 25 member states.


Intersputnik nowadays is a commercially aligned organization. It operates 12 satellites in orbit and 41 [[Transponder (satellite communications)|transponders]]. In June 1997 Intersputnik created the '''Lockheed Martin Intersputnik''' (LMI) joint venture together with [[Lockheed Martin]], which built and operated the satellites of the same name. In September 2006, Lockheed Martin Intersputnik was acquired by [[Asia Broadcast Satellite]] (ABS).
Intersputnik nowadays is a commercially aligned organization. It operates 12 satellites in orbit and 41 [[Transponder (satellite communications)|transponders]]. In June 1997 Intersputnik created the '''Lockheed Martin Intersputnik''' (LMI) joint venture together with [[Lockheed Martin]], which built and operated the satellites of the same name. In September 2006, Lockheed Martin Intersputnik was acquired by [[Asia Broadcast Satellite]] (ABS).
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Initially, the Intersputnik system was created on the basis of the Soviet Orbit-2 satellite broadcasting network and was designed to serve the countries participating in the '''Council for Mutual Economic Assistance''' ([[Comecon]]). The main system and technical developments were carried out by [[NIIR]], radio receiving equipment was produced at the Moscow Radio Engineering Plant, antenna-feeder devices at the Podolsk Electromechanical Plant, radio transmitting and channel-forming equipment was manufactured by the Krasnoyarsk TV Plant.
Initially, the Intersputnik system was created on the basis of the Soviet Orbit-2 satellite broadcasting network and was designed to serve the countries participating in the '''Council for Mutual Economic Assistance''' ([[Comecon]]). The main system and technical developments were carried out by [[NIIR]], radio receiving equipment was produced at the Moscow Radio Engineering Plant, antenna-feeder devices at the Podolsk Electromechanical Plant, radio transmitting and channel-forming equipment was manufactured by the Krasnoyarsk TV Plant.


In the initial version, Intersputnik used [[Highly elliptical orbit|highly elliptical satellites]] of the [[Molniya (satellite)|Molniya-3]] type, and in 1978 it began using [[geostationary satellite]]s of the [[Gorizont]] type. Receiving complexes "Orbita-2" with transmitters "Gradient-K" and channel-forming equipment RS-1<!--Blacklinked in Russian WP, and no article-->, RS-2 operated at the earth stations. In the process of modernization, the transmitters were replaced by more modern Helikon type with a power of 3 kW and new channel-forming equipment “Gradient-N” began to be used. Subsequently, the '''Budapest Long Distance Telecommunications Institute''' (TKI) took part in the development of the equipment for Intersputnik, and factories in [[Hungary]] and [[Czechoslovakia]] were connected to production.<ref>Vonog A. I. [http://r91353ba.beget.tech/intersputnik.html Intersputnik system]. ''Krasnoyarsk TV plant''. Our story. Retrieved March 4, 2021.</ref>
In the initial version, Intersputnik used [[Highly elliptical orbit|highly elliptical satellites]] of the [[Molniya (satellite)|Molniya-3]] type, and in 1978 it began using [[geostationary satellite]]s of the [[Gorizont]] type. Receiving complexes "Orbita-2" with transmitters "Gradient-K" and channel-forming equipment RS-1<!--Blacklinked in Russian WP, and no article-->, RS-2 operated at the earth stations. In the process of modernization, the transmitters were replaced by more modern Helikon type with a power of 3&nbsp;kW and new channel-forming equipment “Gradient-N” began to be used. Subsequently, the '''Research Institute for Telecommunication''' (TKI) in [[Budapest]] took part in the development of the equipment for Intersputnik, and factories in [[Hungary]] and [[Czechoslovakia]] were connected to production.<ref>Vonog A. I. [http://r91353ba.beget.tech/intersputnik.html Intersputnik system]. ''Krasnoyarsk TV plant''. Our story. Retrieved March 4, 2021.</ref>


== Member states ==
== Member states ==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* {{Flag|Afghanistan|2013}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Member Countries |url=https://intersputnik.int/about/countries/?view=list |website=Intersputnik |access-date=24 July 2022}}</ref>
* {{AFG|America}}
* {{AZE|Aserbaidschan}}
* {{AZE|Aserbaidschan}}
* {{BLR|Weißrussland}}
* {{BLR|Weißrussland}}
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* {{CZE|Tschechien}}
* {{CZE|Tschechien}}
* {{GEO|Georgien}}
* {{GEO|Georgien}}
* {{DEU|Deutschland}} (As the legal successor to the [[East Germany|GDR]])
* {{HUN|Ungarn}}
* {{HUN|Ungarn}}
* {{IND|Indien}}
* {{IND|Indien}}
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*{{Official website|http://www.intersputnik.int}}
*{{Official website|http://www.intersputnik.int}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121015131325/http://azercosmos.az/assets/Uploads/NewFolder-2/13Intersputnik-immunities.pdf Agreement on the legal capacity, privileges and immunities], Berlin, 20 September 1976
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121015131325/http://azercosmos.az/assets/Uploads/NewFolder-2/13Intersputnik-immunities.pdf Agreement on the legal capacity, privileges and immunities], Berlin, 20 September 1976
*[http://www.satnews.com/intersputnik/intersputnik.html satnews.com]
*[http://www.satnews.com/intersputnik/intersputnik.html satnews.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711154654/http://www.satnews.com/intersputnik/intersputnik.html |date=2007-07-11 }}
*[http://english.pravda.ru/region/2001/11/28/22211.html english.pravda.ru]
*[http://english.pravda.ru/region/2001/11/28/22211.html english.pravda.ru]
*[https://www.un.org/events/unispace3/speeches/20sput.htm un.org]
*[https://www.un.org/events/unispace3/speeches/20sput.htm un.org]
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{{Telecommunications}}
{{Telecommunications}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Communications satellites]]
[[Category:Communications satellites]]
[[Category:Science and technology in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Science and technology in the Soviet Union]]

Latest revision as of 12:28, 22 December 2024

Intersputnik
Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications
Formation15 November 1971; 53 years ago (15 November 1971)
Legal statusActive
HeadquartersMoscow, Russia
Membership25 member states
Official language
Russian
Director General
Ksenia Drozdova[1]
Websiteintersputnik.int

The Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications, commonly known as Intersputnik, is an international satellite communications services organization founded on 15 November 1971, in Moscow by the Soviet Union along with a group of seven formerly socialist states (Poland, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Mongolia) and Cuba.

The objective was and continues to be the development and common use of communications satellites. It was created as the Eastern Bloc's response to the Western Intelsat organization. As of 2024 the organization has 25 member states.

Intersputnik nowadays is a commercially aligned organization. It operates 12 satellites in orbit and 41 transponders. In June 1997 Intersputnik created the Lockheed Martin Intersputnik (LMI) joint venture together with Lockheed Martin, which built and operated the satellites of the same name. In September 2006, Lockheed Martin Intersputnik was acquired by Asia Broadcast Satellite (ABS).

History

[edit]

Initially, the Intersputnik system was created on the basis of the Soviet Orbit-2 satellite broadcasting network and was designed to serve the countries participating in the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon). The main system and technical developments were carried out by NIIR, radio receiving equipment was produced at the Moscow Radio Engineering Plant, antenna-feeder devices at the Podolsk Electromechanical Plant, radio transmitting and channel-forming equipment was manufactured by the Krasnoyarsk TV Plant.

In the initial version, Intersputnik used highly elliptical satellites of the Molniya-3 type, and in 1978 it began using geostationary satellites of the Gorizont type. Receiving complexes "Orbita-2" with transmitters "Gradient-K" and channel-forming equipment RS-1, RS-2 operated at the earth stations. In the process of modernization, the transmitters were replaced by more modern Helikon type with a power of 3 kW and new channel-forming equipment “Gradient-N” began to be used. Subsequently, the Research Institute for Telecommunication (TKI) in Budapest took part in the development of the equipment for Intersputnik, and factories in Hungary and Czechoslovakia were connected to production.[2]

Member states

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Directorate". Intersputnik.net. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  2. ^ Vonog A. I. Intersputnik system. Krasnoyarsk TV plant. Our story. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  3. ^ "Member Countries". Intersputnik. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
[edit]
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