Eleventh planet: Difference between revisions
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'''Eleventh planet''' (of the [[Solar System]]) may refer to [[4 Vesta|Vesta]], the eleventh object to be named a planet, later to be reclassified as an asteroid, or to [[Uranus]], the eleventh planet from the Sun upon Vesta's discovery. The eleventh planet is subject to the criterion for a planet, as well as numbering methodologies. |
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{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" align="right" |
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|- bgcolor=#ccccff style="font-size: smaller;" |
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|+ Planets 1807–1845 |
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|- style="font-size: smaller;" |
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| 1 || Mercury[[Image:Mercury symbol (fixed width).svg|14px|☿]] |
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|- style="font-size: smaller;" |
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|2 ||Venus[[Image:Venus symbol (fixed width).svg|14px|♀]] |
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|- style="font-size: smaller;" |
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|3 || Earth [[Image:Earth symbol (fixed width).svg|14px|🜨]] |
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|- style="font-size: smaller;" |
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|4 || Mars[[Image:Mars symbol (fixed width).svg|14px|♂]] |
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|- style="font-size: smaller;" |
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|5 || Vesta [[Image:Vesta symbol (original, fixed width).svg|14px]] |
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|- style="font-size: smaller;" |
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|6 || Juno [[Image:Juno symbol (fixed width).svg|14px]] |
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|- style="font-size: smaller;" |
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|7 || Ceres [[Image:Ceres symbol (fixed width).svg|14px]] |
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|- style="font-size: smaller;" |
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|8 || Pallas [[Image:Pallas symbol (fixed width).svg|14px]] |
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|- style="font-size: smaller;" |
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|9 || Jupiter[[Image:Jupiter symbol (fixed width).svg|14px|♃]] |
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|- style="font-size: smaller;" |
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|10 ||Saturn [[Image:Saturn symbol (fixed width).svg|14px|♄]] |
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|- style="font-size: smaller;" |
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|11|| Uranus[[Image:Uranus symbol (fixed width).svg|14px]] |
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|} |
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The eleventh planet in the early 19th century was [[Uranus]] by order of distance from the Sun, and [[4 Vesta|Vesta]] in order of discovery. When [[1 Ceres|Ceres]] (1801), [[2 Pallas|Pallas]] (1802), [[3 Juno|Juno]] (1804) and [[4 Vesta|Vesta]] (1807) were discovered in the 19th century, they were known as planets, and [[Neptune]][[Image:Neptune symbol.svg|14px|♆]] was not discovered until 1846, there were a total of eleven planets. At the time, even Uranus had been recognized as a planet for twenty years.<ref name=Dreyer>{{cite book|author=J. L. E. Dreyer |year=1912|title=The Scientific Papers of Sir William Herschel|publisher=Royal Society and Royal Astronomical Society|volume=1|pages=100|author-link=J. L. E. Dreyer}}</ref> However, the number of planets rapidly grew from 1850 onward, and Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta were re-classified as [[asteroids]] one, two, three, and four; the number of recognized planets dropped to eight until the discovery of [[Pluto]] in 1930.<ref name=asteroids>{{cite web | last =Hilton | first =James L. | date = 2001-09-17 | url =http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/minorplanets.php | title =When Did the Asteroids Become Minor Planets? | publisher =U. S. Naval Observatory | accessdate = 2007-04-08 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070921162818/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/minorplanets.php |archivedate = 2007-09-21}}</ref> |
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For example, in addition to the discovery of Neptune at the end of 1846, between 1845 and the end of the decade 6 more "planets" were discovered. This included [[5 Astraea|Astraea]] [[Image:Astraea symbol (fixed width).svg|24px]] (1845), [[6 Hebe|Hebe]] [[Image:Hebe symbol (fixed width).svg|24px]] (1847), [[7 Iris|Iris]] [[Image:Iris symbol (fixed width).svg|24px]] (1847), [[8 Flora|Flora]] [[Image:Flora symbol (fixed width).svg|24px]] (1847), [[9 Metis|Metis]] [[Image:Metis symbol (fixed width).svg|24px]] (1848), and [[10 Hygiea|Hygeia]] [[Image:Hygiea symbol (fixed width).svg|24px]] (1849) (later spelled 'Hygiea'). From the 1850s onwards these were slowly classified along with the earlier "planets" as [[asteroid]]s.<ref name=asteroids/> |
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From 1930 to 2006, the ninth planet was Pluto, with both Eris and [[Haumea]] later laying claim to being a [[tenth planet]].<ref name=planeta>{{cite web|title=Estados Unidos "conquista" Haumea|work=[[ABC.es|ABC]]|date=2008-09-20|url=http://www.abc.es/20080920/nacional-sociedad/estados-unidos-conquista-haumea-20080920.html|accessdate=2008-09-18|language=es}}</ref> Today, if counting the "[[dwarf planet]]s" as planets, the eleventh planet from the Sun would be Haumea. However, in 2006 [[IAU definition of planet|the term "planet" was redefined]] to exclude the new category of dwarf planets (just as some planets had earlier been recategorised as asteroids). In 2006 Pluto, Eris, Haumea, [[Makemake]], and (in the inner Solar System) the asteroid Ceres were reclassified as dwarf planets.<ref name=WGPSN>{{cite web |date= 2008-07-11 <!--11:42:58 -->|title=Dwarf Planets and their Systems |publisher= Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN) |url=http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/append7.html#DwarfPlanets |accessdate=2008-07-13}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
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{{cmn|colwidth=30em| |
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*[[First planet (disambiguation)|First planet]] |
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*[[Second planet (disambiguation)]] |
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*[[Third planet (disambiguation)|Third planet]] |
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*[[Fourth planet (disambiguation)]] |
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*[[Fifth planet (disambiguation)|Fifth planet]] |
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*[[Sixth planet (disambiguation)]] |
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*[[Seventh planet (disambiguation)]] |
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*[[Eighth planet (disambiguation)]] |
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*[[Ninth planet (disambiguation)]] |
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*[[Tenth planet (disambiguation)]] |
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*[[Twelfth planet (disambiguation)]] |
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}} |
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* [[Trans-Neptunian object]] |
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* [[Trans-Neptunian objects in fiction]] |
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* [[List of hypothetical Solar System objects]] |
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* [[Theoretical planetology]] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Eleventh Planet}} |
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[[Category:Planets of the Solar System]] |
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Latest revision as of 04:38, 14 March 2022
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