Prescription charges: Difference between revisions
→top: payable by adults in England under the age of 60, although a majority are exempt for various reasons. sourced in body |
m →Ireland: Shorter is generally better. |
||
(36 intermediate revisions by 22 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Charges for medical prescriptions on the UK NHS, and in Ireland}} |
|||
⚫ | ''' |
||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} |
|||
⚫ | '''Charges for prescriptions''' for medicines and some medical appliances are payable by adults [[NHS England|in England]] under the age of 60. However, people may be exempt from charges in various exemption categories. Charges were abolished by [[NHS Wales]] in 2007, [[Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland]] in 2010 and by [[NHS Scotland]] in 2011. In 2010/11, in England, £450{{nbsp}}million was raised through these charges, some 0.5% of the total NHS budget.<ref>Department of Health Resource Accounts 2010/11</ref> {{As of|2024|August}} the prescription charge is £9.90 per item.<ref>{{citation |title=NHS prescription charges |url=https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-services/prescriptions/nhs-prescription-charges |access-date=15 Aug 2024 |publisher=NHS |date=23 Nov 2023}}</ref> |
||
==History== |
==History== |
||
When the [[National Health Service]] was established in 1948 all prescriptions were free. The power to make a charge was introduced in the [[National Health Service (Amendment) Act 1949|NHS Amendment Act 1949]] |
When the [[National Health Service]] was established in 1948 all prescriptions were free. The power to make a charge was introduced in the [[National Health Service (Amendment) Act 1949|NHS Amendment Act 1949]] under pressure from Chancellor of the Exchequer [[Stafford Cripps]], but Minister of Health [[Aneurin Bevan]] managed to block their implementation by threatening to resign. In 1951 Cripps's successor [[Hugh Gaitskell]] and Foreign Secretary [[Herbert Morrison]] did introduce NHS charges for [[dentures]] and [[Glasses|spectacles]] in order to help fund the [[Korean War]], leading Bevan to resign in protest.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Campbell |first=John |url=https://archive.org/details/pistolsatdawntwo0000camp/13960/t6wx5mm07 |title=Pistols at Dawn: Two Hundred Years of Political Rivalry from Pitt and Fox to Blair and Brown |date=2010 |publisher=Vintage |isbn=978-1-84595-091-0 |location=London |pages=202–213 |oclc=489636152}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Bevan|first=Aneurin|title=Bevan's Resignation speech 23 April 1951|date=21 April 1951|url=http://www.sochealth.co.uk/national-health-service/the-sma-and-the-foundation-of-the-national-health-service-dr-leslie-hilliard-1980/aneurin-bevan-and-the-foundation-of-the-nhs/bevans-resignation-speech-23-april-1951/|publisher=Socialist Health Association|accessdate=27 December 2013}}</ref> Charges on medications were introduced in 1952, by the [[Third Churchill ministry|Conservative government]] of [[Winston Churchill]], at a rate of one [[shilling]] per prescription.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7GpAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rpsMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3510%2C6654331 |title=B.M.A. worried by charges. Concern at Medical Consequences |work=[[The Glasgow Herald]] |date=26 October 1956 |page=10 |accessdate=23 November 2016}}</ref> |
||
There were exemptions for people in receipt of [[National Assistance]] or [[War |
There were exemptions for people in receipt of [[National Assistance]] or [[War Disablement Pension]], children under 16 or at school, and [[venereal disease]] patients.<ref>{{cite web|title=Prescription Charges|date=4 March 2012|url=http://www.sochealth.co.uk/national-health-service/access-to-health-care-and-charges/prescription-charges/|publisher=Socialist Health Association|accessdate=27 December 2013}}</ref> In 1956 the rules were changed so that a charge applied to each item prescribed. In 1961 it was doubled to 2[[shilling|s]]. Charges were abolished by the [[Harold Wilson|Wilson Government]] on 1 February 1965, but reintroduced on 10 June 1968 at the higher rate of 2s 6[[penny|d]], but with a wider range of exemptions. {{Asof|May 2024}}, the prescription charge in [[England]] is £9.90.<ref>{{cite web |
||
| title = NHS prescription charges from 1 May 2024 |
|||
| website = gov.uk |
|||
| publisher = UK Government |
|||
| date = 2024-04-05 |
|||
| url = https://www.gov.uk/government/news/nhs-prescription-charges-from-1-may-2024 |
|||
| access-date = 2024-08-25 |
|||
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405105001/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/nhs-prescription-charges-from-1-may-2024 |
|||
|archive-date=2024-04-05}}</ref> |
|||
Prescription charges and exemptions are administered by the [[NHS Business Services Authority]]. |
Prescription charges and exemptions are administered by the [[NHS Business Services Authority]]. |
||
Line 12: | Line 22: | ||
In 2007, a survey conducted by [[Ipsos Mori]] found that 800,000 people failed to collect a prescription during 2007 due to cost.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.breastcancercare.org.uk/sites/default/files/files/pdf/Prescription%20for%20Change.pdf|title=Search Results}}</ref> |
In 2007, a survey conducted by [[Ipsos Mori]] found that 800,000 people failed to collect a prescription during 2007 due to cost.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.breastcancercare.org.uk/sites/default/files/files/pdf/Prescription%20for%20Change.pdf|title=Search Results}}</ref> |
||
In 2008, 88% of patients in England got medicines free.<ref>{{cite web|title=After the concessions – carry on campaigning for the abolition of prescriptioncharges in all of the UK|date=16 November 2008|url=http://abolishprescriptioncharges.wordpress.com/2008/11/16/after-the-concessions-carry-on-campaigning-for-the-abolition-of-prescriptioncharges-in-all-of-the-uk/|publisher=Abolish Prescription Charges|accessdate=27 December 2013}}</ref> [[Gordon Brown]] introduced an exemption for cancer patients in 2009, and promised free prescriptions for people with long-term conditions.<ref>{{cite news|title=Protestors call on Gordon Brown to abolish prescription charges|url=http://www.prweek.com/article/980962/protestors-call-gordon-brown-abolish-prescription-charges|accessdate=27 December 2013|newspaper=PR Week|date=1 February 2010}}</ref> |
In 2008, 88% of patients in England got medicines free.<ref>{{cite web|title=After the concessions – carry on campaigning for the abolition of prescriptioncharges in all of the UK|date=16 November 2008|url=http://abolishprescriptioncharges.wordpress.com/2008/11/16/after-the-concessions-carry-on-campaigning-for-the-abolition-of-prescriptioncharges-in-all-of-the-uk/|publisher=Abolish Prescription Charges|accessdate=27 December 2013}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Gordon Brown]] introduced an exemption for [[Cancer|cancer patients]] in 2009, and promised free prescriptions for people with long-term conditions.<ref>{{cite news|title=Protestors call on Gordon Brown to abolish prescription charges|url=http://www.prweek.com/article/980962/protestors-call-gordon-brown-abolish-prescription-charges|accessdate=27 December 2013|newspaper=PR Week|date=1 February 2010}}</ref> |
||
⚫ | The Prescription Charges Coalition, a campaigning organisation of which the [[Royal Pharmaceutical Society]] and numerous organisations of disabled people are members, launched a survey investigating the impact of prescription charges on people in England with long-term conditions in March 2017. It advocates free prescriptions for everyone with long-term conditions.<ref>{{cite news|title=Prescription Charges Coalition launches survey into long-term conditions|url=http://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/20202462.article|accessdate=29 March 2017|publisher=Pharmaceutical Journal|date=20 March 2017}}</ref> In July 2017 they said a third of patients of working age had not collected a prescription because of cost.<ref>{{cite news|title=Working people struggle to afford multiple prescriptions|url=https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/working-people-struggle-to-afford-multiple-prescriptions|publisher=Pharmaceutical Journal|date=5 July 2017}}</ref> |
||
[[Jeremy Hunt (politician)|Jeremy Hunt]] announced a scheme to help reduce waste and encourage patients to complete courses of medicine in July 2015. Any drug that costs the NHS more than £20 was to be marked with a label stating that they have been "funded by the UK taxpayer", along with the total price that the prescription costs the health service.<ref>{{cite news|title=Patients to be told price of prescribed drugs in bid to save NHS £300m|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/patients-to-be-told-price-of-prescribed-drugs-in-bid-to-save-nhs-300m-10359258.html|accessdate=1 July 2015|publisher=Independent|date=1 July 2015}}</ref> It had not been implemented by April 2017. |
|||
⚫ | The Prescription Charges Coalition, a campaigning organisation of which the [[Royal Pharmaceutical Society]] and numerous organisations of disabled people are members, launched a survey investigating the impact of prescription charges on people in England with long-term conditions in March 2017. It advocates free prescriptions for everyone with long-term conditions.<ref>{{cite news|title=Prescription Charges Coalition launches survey into long-term conditions|url=http://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/20202462.article|accessdate=29 March 2017|publisher=Pharmaceutical Journal|date=20 March 2017}}</ref> In July 2017 they said a third of patients of working age |
||
The [[Royal College of General Practitioners]] launched a campaign in May 2017 to scrap mental health prescription charges for students.<ref>{{cite news|title=Student mental health costs should be free, according to the Royal College of GPs|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/39750457/student-mental-health-costs-should-be-free-according-to-the-royal-college-of-gps|accessdate=6 May 2017|publisher=BBC Newsbeat|date=4 May 2017}}</ref> |
The [[Royal College of General Practitioners]] launched a campaign in May 2017 to scrap mental health prescription charges for students.<ref>{{cite news|title=Student mental health costs should be free, according to the Royal College of GPs|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/39750457/student-mental-health-costs-should-be-free-according-to-the-royal-college-of-gps|accessdate=6 May 2017|publisher=BBC Newsbeat|date=4 May 2017}}</ref> |
||
In April 2021 the charge was raised to £9.35 for up to a three-month supply of each item.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-31|title=NHS prescription charges|url=https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-services/prescriptions-and-pharmacies/nhs-prescription-charges/|access-date=2021-05-03|website=nhs.uk|language=en}}</ref> In 2022, for the first time since 2010, the charge was not increased.<ref>{{cite news |title=Prescription charge frozen for the first time in more than a decade |url=https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/prescription-charge-frozen-for-the-first-time-in-more-than-a-decade? |access-date=23 May 2022 |publisher=Pharmaceutical Journal |date=28 March 2022}}</ref> |
|||
Normal practice was to prescribe on a 28-day basis but in 2022 Community Pharmacy Wales asked GPs in [[Wales]] to extend repeat prescription intervals from 28 days to 56 days, to free up [[community pharmacist]]s' time.<ref>{{cite news |title=Repeat prescribing intervals in Wales to increase from 28 to 56 days |url=https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/repeat-prescribing-intervals-in-wales-to-increase-from-28-to-56-days |access-date=21 April 2022 |publisher=Pharmaceutical Journal |date=16 February 2022}}</ref> |
|||
==Exemptions== |
==Exemptions== |
||
Line 28: | Line 40: | ||
* people over 60, |
* people over 60, |
||
* women who are pregnant or have had a baby in the previous 12 months and have a valid maternity exemption certificate (MatEx) |
* women who are pregnant or have had a baby in the previous 12 months and have a valid maternity exemption certificate (MatEx) |
||
* people who have a certificate (HC2) entitling them to help under the [[NHS Low Income Scheme]]. An HC3 certificate gives some help but not exemption from charges. |
* people who have a certificate ([[HC2 certificate|HC2]]) entitling them to help under the [[NHS Low Income Scheme]]. An [[HC3 certificate]] gives some help but not exemption from charges. |
||
The prescription exemption forms were not initially updated to include the new [[Universal Credit]], and patients were advised to tick the ''Income based [[Jobseeker's Allowance]]'' box.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/help-with-health-costs/help-with-health-costs-for-people-getting-universal-credit/|title=Help with health costs for people getting Universal Credit|date=31 January 2017|work=NHS|accessdate=29 April 2019|publisher=www.nhs.uk}}</ref> Universal Credit was finally included in January 2020, seven years after its introduction.<ref>{{cite news |title=Revised prescription forms with Universal Credit tick box to be introduced |url=https://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/20207607.article? |accessdate=22 March 2020 |publisher=Pharmaceutical Journal |date=23 January 2020}}</ref> In July 2022 the roll-out of the [[Department for Work and Pensions]] 'Real Time Exemption Checking' system meant eligible patients no longer needed to complete an exemption declaration, as more than 80% of community pharmacies in England can digitally check eligibility.<ref>{{cite news |title=More than 80% of pharmacies can now digitally check Universal Credit prescription charge exemptions |url=https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/more-than-80-of-pharmacies-can-now-digitally-check-universal-credit-prescription-charge-exemptions? |access-date=26 August 2022 |publisher=Pharmaceutical Journal |date=12 July 2022}}</ref> |
|||
===Medical exemptions=== |
===Medical exemptions=== |
||
Line 39: | Line 51: | ||
* a permanent [[fistula]] |
* a permanent [[fistula]] |
||
* [[diabetes mellitus]] |
* [[diabetes mellitus]] |
||
* [[ |
* [[hyperthyroidism]] (also referred to as [[Graves' Disease]], an autoimmune disorder) |
||
* [[myxoedema]] which occurs in hypothyroidism, or hyperthyroidism |
* [[myxoedema]] which occurs in hypothyroidism, or hyperthyroidism |
||
* [[hypoparathyroidism]] |
* [[hypoparathyroidism]] |
||
Line 46: | Line 58: | ||
* [[myasthenia gravis]] |
* [[myasthenia gravis]] |
||
* any continuing physical disability which stops them going out alone |
* any continuing physical disability which stops them going out alone |
||
* undergoing treatment for cancer, including the effects of cancer, or the effects of current or previous cancer treatment |
* undergoing [[Treatment of cancer|treatment for cancer]], including the effects of cancer, or the effects of current or previous cancer treatment |
||
Medical Exemption Certificates last for five years |
Medical Exemption Certificates last for five years, and are not applicable to NHS wigs or fabric supports. |
||
Medicines administered at an NHS hospital or an NHS walk-in centre, personally administered by a [[general practitioner|GP]], [[contraceptives]] or supplied at a hospital or clinic for the treatment of a [[sexually transmitted infection]] or [[tuberculosis]] are always free. |
Medicines administered at an NHS hospital or an NHS walk-in centre, personally administered by a [[general practitioner|GP]], [[contraceptives]] or supplied at a hospital or clinic for the treatment of a [[sexually transmitted infection]] or [[tuberculosis]] are always free. War pensioners do not pay if the prescription is for their war disability. |
||
⚫ | There is concern that exemptions are arbitrary and many chronic illnesses are not included in the list. Some people on low income cannot easily afford their prescriptions and do not collect prescribed medicines when short of money, often leading to avoidable hospitalisation, which may cost the NHS more than providing free prescriptions.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-40431800 |title=Should the long-term ill have free prescriptions? |work=BBC News |date=29 June 2017 |accessdate=23 August 2017}}</ref> |
||
War pensioners do not pay if the prescription is for their war disability. |
|||
⚫ | There is concern that exemptions are arbitrary and many chronic illnesses are not included in the list |
||
===Administration=== |
===Administration=== |
||
An online tool<ref>{{cite web |title=Check before you tick |url=https://www.nhsbsa.nhs.uk/penalty-charges-dont-get-caught-out/check-you-tick |publisher=NHS Business Services Authority |accessdate=11 October 2018}}</ref> to help patients understand the eligibility criteria for free prescriptions was launched in September 2018,<ref>{{cite news |title=National Campaign To Generate Awareness Of Free Prescription Criteria Launched|url=https://www.pharmacy.biz/national-campaign-to-generate-awareness-of-free-prescription-criteria-launched/ |accessdate=11 October 2018 |publisher=Pharmacy Biz |date=10 September 2018}}</ref> and prescription exemptions were digitised to allow eligibility for exemption to be checked before they are dispensed.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=National expansion of Real Time Exemption Checking service for prescriptions |author= |work=NHS Digital |date=5 February 2020 |url= https://digital.nhs.uk/news/2020/national-expansion-of-real-time-exemption-checking-service-for-prescriptions}}</ref> Pharmacies or other dispensers are reimbursed for the cost of the medicines through [[NHS Prescription Services]], a division of the [[NHS Business Services Authority]]. |
|||
==Penalties== |
==Penalties== |
||
A person who claims exemption without having a valid exemption certificate is liable for a penalty charge, which is five times what they should have paid, up to a maximum of £100, plus the original charge itself. If they do not prove entitlement to help with health costs, and do not pay the amount stated in the penalty charge notice, the NHS may take court action to recover the debt. The penalty charge is increased by 50 percent of the penalty charge if they do not pay within 28 days of the date the penalty charge notice is sent. 979,210 people were fined in 2016–17, double the number, 494,129, in 2015–16. Most had failed to renew their certificate, as there was no effective reminder system.<ref>{{cite news|title=Prescription fines doubled in last year: RPS says 'more constructive approach' needed|url=http://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/20203130.article|accessdate=23 August 2017|publisher=Pharmaceutical Journal|date=7 July 2017}}</ref> The [[Public Accounts Committee (United Kingdom)| |
A person who claims exemption without having a valid exemption certificate is liable for a penalty charge, which is five times what they should have paid, up to a maximum of £100, plus the original charge itself. If they do not prove entitlement to help with health costs, and do not pay the amount stated in the penalty charge notice, the NHS may take court action to recover the debt. The penalty charge is increased by 50 percent of the penalty charge if they do not pay within 28 days of the date the penalty charge notice is sent. 979,210 people were fined in 2016–17, double the number, 494,129, in 2015–16. Most had failed to renew their certificate, as there was no effective reminder system.<ref>{{cite news|title=Prescription fines doubled in last year: RPS says 'more constructive approach' needed|url=http://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/20203130.article|accessdate=23 August 2017|publisher=Pharmaceutical Journal|date=7 July 2017}}</ref> The [[Public Accounts Committee (United Kingdom)|Public Accounts Committee]] found in 2019 that 1.7 million incorrect penalties had been overturned since 2014, almost a third of the fines issued, worth £188 million. The committee commented on the "breathtaking complacency" of the fining system.<ref>{{cite news |title=NHS fines 'complacency' shocks MPs |url=https://practicebusiness.co.uk/nhs-fines-complacency-shocks-mps/ |accessdate=23 August 2019 |publisher=Practice Business |date=4 July 2019}}</ref> 21,497 penalty notices were withdrawn in 2018/2019 because the patient had actually paid.<ref>{{cite news |title=NHS BSA overturns more than 20,000 prescription penalty notices after patients are found to have already paid |url=https://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/20207034.article? |accessdate=3 November 2019 |publisher=Pharmaceutical Journal |date=9 September 2019}}</ref> |
||
==Discounts== |
==Discounts== |
||
For those who do not qualify for free prescriptions, Prescription Prepayment Certificates (PPC) are available |
For those who do not qualify for free prescriptions, Prescription Prepayment Certificates (PPC) are available, covering all prescription charges for a period of three or twelve months, at a cost approximately equivalent to one prescription per month.<!--2022: £30.25/108.10; prescription charge £9.35--><ref>{{Cite web |title=Prescription Prepayment Certificates (PPCs) |author= |website=NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA) |date=n.d. |access-date=4 January 2022 |url= https://www.nhsbsa.nhs.uk/help-nhs-prescription-costs/prescription-prepayment-certificates-ppcs}}</ref> |
||
Some |
Some [[over-the-counter medicine]]s cost less than the prescription charge. |
||
==Refunds== |
==Refunds== |
||
Refunds are available "Where any person who is entitled to a repayment of any charge paid under the Charges Regulations presents an NHS pharmacist with a valid claim for the repayment within three months of the date on which the charge was paid, the NHS pharmacist must make the repayment." [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/349/regulation/96/made (Regulation 96 of the NHS (Pharmaceutical and Local Pharmaceutical Services) Regulations 2013)]. |
Refunds are available for charges made to people who qualify for free prescriptions: "Where any person who is entitled to a repayment of any charge paid under the Charges Regulations presents an NHS pharmacist with a valid claim for the repayment within three months of the date on which the charge was paid, the NHS pharmacist must make the repayment." [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/349/regulation/96/made (Regulation 96 of the NHS (Pharmaceutical and Local Pharmaceutical Services) Regulations 2013)]. This may apply, for example, to people actually exempt who pay for a prescription to avoid a possible fine. |
||
If a patient is unsure if they are entitled to free prescriptions, to avoid a fine they should pay for their prescription and request an FP57 Refund and Receipt Form. A refund can then be claimed within three months if they are in fact exempt. |
|||
Refunds |
Refunds can be obtained through any NHS England pharmacy on presentation of a valid FP57 form along with proof of exemption.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/Healthcosts/Pages/Prescriptioncosts.aspx |title=The NHS in England: About health costs: Prescription costs |publisher=NHS Choices |accessdate=28 February 2016}}</ref> |
||
==Blacklist== |
==Blacklist== |
||
Line 81: | Line 89: | ||
==Ireland== |
==Ireland== |
||
The ''Drugs Payment Scheme'' ensures that a family [[Ordinarily resident status|ordinarily resident]] in Ireland has to pay no more than |
The ''Drugs Payment Scheme'' ensures that a family [[Ordinarily resident status|ordinarily resident]] in Ireland has to pay no more than €100 per calendar month for a month's supply of prescribed medicines and medical appliances. Family means a person or a couple and their children aged under 18 (or under 23 if in full-time education) and any family member who has a physical or intellectual disability or an illness and is unable to fully maintain themself.<ref>{{cite news |title=Drugs Payment Scheme |url=https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/health/drugs_and_medicines/drugs_payment_scheme.html |accessdate=24 March 2019 |publisher=Citizens's Information |date=26 November 2018}}</ref> |
||
Those who are entitled to a medical card pay a government levy for each item dispensed. The levy is €2.00 up to a maximum of €20 per family per calendar month. The levy was reduced to €1.50 from April 2019 for medical card holders over the age of 70.<ref>{{cite news |title=Prescription charges for medical card holders|url=https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/health/drugs_and_medicines/prescription_charges_for_medical_card_holders.html |accessdate=24 March 2019 |publisher=Citizens's Information |date=29 January 2019}}</ref> |
Those who are entitled to a medical card pay a government levy for each item dispensed. The levy is €2.00 up to a maximum of €20 per family per calendar month. The levy was reduced to €1.50 from April 2019 for medical card holders over the age of 70.<ref>{{cite news |title=Prescription charges for medical card holders|url=https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/health/drugs_and_medicines/prescription_charges_for_medical_card_holders.html |accessdate=24 March 2019 |publisher=Citizens's Information |date=29 January 2019}}</ref> |
||
The Over 70s prescription charge |
The Over 70s prescription charge was reduced to €1, and the Drugs Payment Scheme cap reduced to €114, in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Health budget rises to a record €17.4 billion in Budget 2020 |last=Cullen |first=Paul |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=8 October 2019 |url= https://www.irishtimes.com/news/health/health-budget-rises-to-a-record-17-4-billion-in-budget-2020-1.4044052}}</ref> |
||
The Long Term Illness Scheme provides free drugs, medicines and medical and surgical appliances for the treatment of specified conditions: |
The Long Term Illness Scheme provides free drugs, medicines and medical and surgical appliances for the treatment of specified conditions: |
||
*Intellectual disability |
*[[Intellectual disability]] |
||
*Mental illness (for people under 16 only) |
*[[Mental disorder|Mental illness]] (for people under 16 only) |
||
*Diabetes insipidus |
*[[Diabetes insipidus]] |
||
*Diabetes mellitus |
*[[Diabetes mellitus]] |
||
*Haemophilia |
*[[Haemophilia]] |
||
*Cerebral palsy |
*[[Cerebral palsy]] |
||
*Phenylketonuria |
*[[Phenylketonuria]] |
||
*Epilepsy |
*[[Epilepsy]] |
||
*Cystic fibrosis |
*[[Cystic fibrosis]] |
||
*Multiple sclerosis |
*[[Multiple sclerosis]] |
||
*Spina bifida |
*[[Spina bifida]] |
||
*Muscular dystrophies |
*[[Muscular dystrophy|Muscular dystrophies]] |
||
*Hydrocephalus |
*[[Hydrocephalus]] |
||
*Parkinsonism |
*[[Parkinsonism]] |
||
*Acute leukaemia |
*[[Acute leukemia|Acute leukaemia]] |
||
*Conditions arising from use of Thalidomide<ref>{{cite news |title=Long Term Illness Scheme |url=https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/health/drugs_and_medicines/long_term_illness_scheme.html |accessdate=24 March 2019 |publisher=Citizens's Information |date=28 July 2015}}</ref> |
*Conditions arising from use of [[Thalidomide]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Long Term Illness Scheme |url=https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/health/drugs_and_medicines/long_term_illness_scheme.html |accessdate=24 March 2019 |publisher=Citizens's Information |date=28 July 2015}}</ref> |
||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
Line 115: | Line 123: | ||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
*[ |
*[https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-services/prescriptions/nhs-prescription-charges/ NHS prescription charges] at NHS Choices |
||
*[http://www.nhsbsa.nhs.uk/HelpWithHealthCosts.aspx Help with Health Costs] at NHS Business Services Authority |
*[http://www.nhsbsa.nhs.uk/HelpWithHealthCosts.aspx Help with Health Costs] at NHS Business Services Authority |
||
Latest revision as of 23:50, 28 August 2024
Charges for prescriptions for medicines and some medical appliances are payable by adults in England under the age of 60. However, people may be exempt from charges in various exemption categories. Charges were abolished by NHS Wales in 2007, Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland in 2010 and by NHS Scotland in 2011. In 2010/11, in England, £450 million was raised through these charges, some 0.5% of the total NHS budget.[1] As of August 2024[update] the prescription charge is £9.90 per item.[2]
History
[edit]When the National Health Service was established in 1948 all prescriptions were free. The power to make a charge was introduced in the NHS Amendment Act 1949 under pressure from Chancellor of the Exchequer Stafford Cripps, but Minister of Health Aneurin Bevan managed to block their implementation by threatening to resign. In 1951 Cripps's successor Hugh Gaitskell and Foreign Secretary Herbert Morrison did introduce NHS charges for dentures and spectacles in order to help fund the Korean War, leading Bevan to resign in protest.[3][4] Charges on medications were introduced in 1952, by the Conservative government of Winston Churchill, at a rate of one shilling per prescription.[5]
There were exemptions for people in receipt of National Assistance or War Disablement Pension, children under 16 or at school, and venereal disease patients.[6] In 1956 the rules were changed so that a charge applied to each item prescribed. In 1961 it was doubled to 2s. Charges were abolished by the Wilson Government on 1 February 1965, but reintroduced on 10 June 1968 at the higher rate of 2s 6d, but with a wider range of exemptions. As of May 2024[update], the prescription charge in England is £9.90.[7]
Prescription charges and exemptions are administered by the NHS Business Services Authority.
The existing list of medical exemptions is essentially a list of conditions for which long-term life-saving medication was available in 1968, and it has never been revised since. The policy on prescription charges was dismissed as a "dog's dinner" by the Social Market Foundation, who said in 2003 that the current rules on who pays for medicines and who does not are unfair and illogical.[8]
In 2007, a survey conducted by Ipsos Mori found that 800,000 people failed to collect a prescription during 2007 due to cost.[9]
In 2008, 88% of patients in England got medicines free.[10] Prime Minister Gordon Brown introduced an exemption for cancer patients in 2009, and promised free prescriptions for people with long-term conditions.[11]
The Prescription Charges Coalition, a campaigning organisation of which the Royal Pharmaceutical Society and numerous organisations of disabled people are members, launched a survey investigating the impact of prescription charges on people in England with long-term conditions in March 2017. It advocates free prescriptions for everyone with long-term conditions.[12] In July 2017 they said a third of patients of working age had not collected a prescription because of cost.[13]
The Royal College of General Practitioners launched a campaign in May 2017 to scrap mental health prescription charges for students.[14]
In April 2021 the charge was raised to £9.35 for up to a three-month supply of each item.[15] In 2022, for the first time since 2010, the charge was not increased.[16]
Normal practice was to prescribe on a 28-day basis but in 2022 Community Pharmacy Wales asked GPs in Wales to extend repeat prescription intervals from 28 days to 56 days, to free up community pharmacists' time.[17]
Exemptions
[edit]Prescriptions in England are free for:
- children under 16,
- people 16–18 and in full-time education,
- people who get some means-tested benefits such as Income Support, income-based Jobseeker's Allowance, income-related Employment and Support Allowance or the guaranteed credit part of Pension Credit and Universal Credit if their net earnings are £435 or less in the last month, or £935 or less if they get money for a child or who have a limited capability to work,
- people over 60,
- women who are pregnant or have had a baby in the previous 12 months and have a valid maternity exemption certificate (MatEx)
- people who have a certificate (HC2) entitling them to help under the NHS Low Income Scheme. An HC3 certificate gives some help but not exemption from charges.
The prescription exemption forms were not initially updated to include the new Universal Credit, and patients were advised to tick the Income based Jobseeker's Allowance box.[18] Universal Credit was finally included in January 2020, seven years after its introduction.[19] In July 2022 the roll-out of the Department for Work and Pensions 'Real Time Exemption Checking' system meant eligible patients no longer needed to complete an exemption declaration, as more than 80% of community pharmacies in England can digitally check eligibility.[20]
Medical exemptions
[edit]Patients with any of these conditions who have a valid medical exemption certificate (MedEx) are entitled to free prescriptions, for all conditions, not merely the qualifying condition:
- epilepsy needing continuous therapy
- a permanent fistula
- diabetes mellitus
- hyperthyroidism (also referred to as Graves' Disease, an autoimmune disorder)
- myxoedema which occurs in hypothyroidism, or hyperthyroidism
- hypoparathyroidism
- diabetes insipidus or hypopituitarism
- Addison's disease and other forms of hypoadrenalism
- myasthenia gravis
- any continuing physical disability which stops them going out alone
- undergoing treatment for cancer, including the effects of cancer, or the effects of current or previous cancer treatment
Medical Exemption Certificates last for five years, and are not applicable to NHS wigs or fabric supports.
Medicines administered at an NHS hospital or an NHS walk-in centre, personally administered by a GP, contraceptives or supplied at a hospital or clinic for the treatment of a sexually transmitted infection or tuberculosis are always free. War pensioners do not pay if the prescription is for their war disability.
There is concern that exemptions are arbitrary and many chronic illnesses are not included in the list. Some people on low income cannot easily afford their prescriptions and do not collect prescribed medicines when short of money, often leading to avoidable hospitalisation, which may cost the NHS more than providing free prescriptions.[21]
Administration
[edit]An online tool[22] to help patients understand the eligibility criteria for free prescriptions was launched in September 2018,[23] and prescription exemptions were digitised to allow eligibility for exemption to be checked before they are dispensed.[24] Pharmacies or other dispensers are reimbursed for the cost of the medicines through NHS Prescription Services, a division of the NHS Business Services Authority.
Penalties
[edit]A person who claims exemption without having a valid exemption certificate is liable for a penalty charge, which is five times what they should have paid, up to a maximum of £100, plus the original charge itself. If they do not prove entitlement to help with health costs, and do not pay the amount stated in the penalty charge notice, the NHS may take court action to recover the debt. The penalty charge is increased by 50 percent of the penalty charge if they do not pay within 28 days of the date the penalty charge notice is sent. 979,210 people were fined in 2016–17, double the number, 494,129, in 2015–16. Most had failed to renew their certificate, as there was no effective reminder system.[25] The Public Accounts Committee found in 2019 that 1.7 million incorrect penalties had been overturned since 2014, almost a third of the fines issued, worth £188 million. The committee commented on the "breathtaking complacency" of the fining system.[26] 21,497 penalty notices were withdrawn in 2018/2019 because the patient had actually paid.[27]
Discounts
[edit]For those who do not qualify for free prescriptions, Prescription Prepayment Certificates (PPC) are available, covering all prescription charges for a period of three or twelve months, at a cost approximately equivalent to one prescription per month.[28]
Some over-the-counter medicines cost less than the prescription charge.
Refunds
[edit]Refunds are available for charges made to people who qualify for free prescriptions: "Where any person who is entitled to a repayment of any charge paid under the Charges Regulations presents an NHS pharmacist with a valid claim for the repayment within three months of the date on which the charge was paid, the NHS pharmacist must make the repayment." (Regulation 96 of the NHS (Pharmaceutical and Local Pharmaceutical Services) Regulations 2013). This may apply, for example, to people actually exempt who pay for a prescription to avoid a possible fine.
Refunds can be obtained through any NHS England pharmacy on presentation of a valid FP57 form along with proof of exemption.[29]
Blacklist
[edit]If the prescriber has the appropriate prescribing rights, any food, drug, toiletry or cosmetic may be prescribed on an NHS prescription unless it is listed in the blacklist – Schedule 1 to the NHS (General Medical Services Contracts) (Prescription of Drugs etc.) Regulations 2004, reproduced in Part XVIIIA of the Drug Tariff.
Ireland
[edit]The Drugs Payment Scheme ensures that a family ordinarily resident in Ireland has to pay no more than €100 per calendar month for a month's supply of prescribed medicines and medical appliances. Family means a person or a couple and their children aged under 18 (or under 23 if in full-time education) and any family member who has a physical or intellectual disability or an illness and is unable to fully maintain themself.[30]
Those who are entitled to a medical card pay a government levy for each item dispensed. The levy is €2.00 up to a maximum of €20 per family per calendar month. The levy was reduced to €1.50 from April 2019 for medical card holders over the age of 70.[31]
The Over 70s prescription charge was reduced to €1, and the Drugs Payment Scheme cap reduced to €114, in 2020.[32]
The Long Term Illness Scheme provides free drugs, medicines and medical and surgical appliances for the treatment of specified conditions:
- Intellectual disability
- Mental illness (for people under 16 only)
- Diabetes insipidus
- Diabetes mellitus
- Haemophilia
- Cerebral palsy
- Phenylketonuria
- Epilepsy
- Cystic fibrosis
- Multiple sclerosis
- Spina bifida
- Muscular dystrophies
- Hydrocephalus
- Parkinsonism
- Acute leukaemia
- Conditions arising from use of Thalidomide[33]
See also
[edit]- Prescription drug
- Prescription costs – for the situation in other countries
References
[edit]- ^ Department of Health Resource Accounts 2010/11
- ^ NHS prescription charges, NHS, 23 November 2023, retrieved 15 August 2024
- ^ Campbell, John (2010). Pistols at Dawn: Two Hundred Years of Political Rivalry from Pitt and Fox to Blair and Brown. London: Vintage. pp. 202–213. ISBN 978-1-84595-091-0. OCLC 489636152.
- ^ Bevan, Aneurin (21 April 1951). "Bevan's Resignation speech 23 April 1951". Socialist Health Association. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
- ^ "B.M.A. worried by charges. Concern at Medical Consequences". The Glasgow Herald. 26 October 1956. p. 10. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
- ^ "Prescription Charges". Socialist Health Association. 4 March 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
- ^ "NHS prescription charges from 1 May 2024". gov.uk. UK Government. 5 April 2024. Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
- ^ "Prescriptions policy is 'dog's dinner'". BBC News. 15 June 2003. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
- ^ "Search Results" (PDF).
- ^ "After the concessions – carry on campaigning for the abolition of prescriptioncharges in all of the UK". Abolish Prescription Charges. 16 November 2008. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
- ^ "Protestors call on Gordon Brown to abolish prescription charges". PR Week. 1 February 2010. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
- ^ "Prescription Charges Coalition launches survey into long-term conditions". Pharmaceutical Journal. 20 March 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
- ^ "Working people struggle to afford multiple prescriptions". Pharmaceutical Journal. 5 July 2017.
- ^ "Student mental health costs should be free, according to the Royal College of GPs". BBC Newsbeat. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
- ^ "NHS prescription charges". nhs.uk. 31 March 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
- ^ "Prescription charge frozen for the first time in more than a decade". Pharmaceutical Journal. 28 March 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
- ^ "Repeat prescribing intervals in Wales to increase from 28 to 56 days". Pharmaceutical Journal. 16 February 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
- ^ "Help with health costs for people getting Universal Credit". NHS. www.nhs.uk. 31 January 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
- ^ "Revised prescription forms with Universal Credit tick box to be introduced". Pharmaceutical Journal. 23 January 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2020.
- ^ "More than 80% of pharmacies can now digitally check Universal Credit prescription charge exemptions". Pharmaceutical Journal. 12 July 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
- ^ "Should the long-term ill have free prescriptions?". BBC News. 29 June 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
- ^ "Check before you tick". NHS Business Services Authority. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
- ^ "National Campaign To Generate Awareness Of Free Prescription Criteria Launched". Pharmacy Biz. 10 September 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
- ^ "National expansion of Real Time Exemption Checking service for prescriptions". NHS Digital (Press release). 5 February 2020.
- ^ "Prescription fines doubled in last year: RPS says 'more constructive approach' needed". Pharmaceutical Journal. 7 July 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
- ^ "NHS fines 'complacency' shocks MPs". Practice Business. 4 July 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
- ^ "NHS BSA overturns more than 20,000 prescription penalty notices after patients are found to have already paid". Pharmaceutical Journal. 9 September 2019. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
- ^ "Prescription Prepayment Certificates (PPCs)". NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA). n.d. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
- ^ "The NHS in England: About health costs: Prescription costs". NHS Choices. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
- ^ "Drugs Payment Scheme". Citizens's Information. 26 November 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
- ^ "Prescription charges for medical card holders". Citizens's Information. 29 January 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
- ^ Cullen, Paul (8 October 2019). "Health budget rises to a record €17.4 billion in Budget 2020". The Irish Times.
- ^ "Long Term Illness Scheme". Citizens's Information. 28 July 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
External links
[edit]- NHS prescription charges at NHS Choices
- Help with Health Costs at NHS Business Services Authority