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{{IPA key|H:IPA-LO|H:IPA-TTS|H:IPA-PHT}}
{{IPA key|H:IPA-LO|H:IPA-TTS|H:IPA-PHU}}
These charts illustrate [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] symbols used for pronunciations of the [[Lao language|Lao]]/[[Isan language|Isan]] (Lao script for [[Nong Khai Province|Nongkhai]]-[[Vientiane]] dialect, a standard Lao in Laos; Thai script for Isan is from [[Khon Kaen Province|Khon Kaen]] dialect, a standard Lao in Thailand) and [[Phu Thai language|Phu Thai]] in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{tl|IPA-lo}}, and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.
These charts illustrate [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] symbols used for pronunciations of the [[Lao language|Lao]]/[[Isan language|Isan]] (Lao script for [[Nong Khai Province|Nongkhai]]-[[Vientiane]] dialect, a standard Lao in Laos; Thai script for [[Roi Et province|Roi]][[Khon Kaen province|kaen]][[Maha Sarakham province|sara]][[Kalasin province|sin]] dialect, a standard Isan in Thailand){{Citation needed}} and [[Phuan language|Phuan]] in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see [[Template:IPA]], and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.


{|
{|
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
{|class=wikitable style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"
{|class=wikitable style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"
!colspan=7| [[Consonant]]s
!colspan=6| [[Consonant]]s
|-
|-
! IPA !! [[Lao language|Lao]] !! [[Isan language|Isan]] !! [[Phu Thai language|Phu Thai]] !! English approximation
! IPA !! [[Lao language|Lao]] !! [[Isan language|Isan]] !! [[Phuan language|Phuan]] !! Transliteration{{Citation needed}} !! English approximation
|-
!colspan=6| '''Syllable-initial consonants'''
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big>
|<big> ບ </big>||<big> บ </big>||<big> บ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''b'''oss
|<big> ບ </big>||<big> บ </big>||<big> บ </big>|| b || style="text-align:left;" | '''b'''oss
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|d}}</big>
|<big> {{IPAlink|d}}</big>
|<big> ດ </big>||<big> ฎ,ด </big>||<big> ฎ,ด </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''d'''one
|<big> ດ </big>||<big> ฎ, ด </big>||<big> ฎ, ด </big>|| d || style="text-align:left;" | '''d'''one
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big>
|<big> ຝ,ຟ </big>||<big> ฝ,ฟ </big>||<big> ฝ,ฟ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''f'''ood
|<big> ຝ, ຟ </big>||<big> ฝ, ฟ </big>||<big> ฝ, ฟ </big>|| f || style="text-align:left;" | '''f'''ood
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|h}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|h}}</big>
|<big> ຫ,ຮ </big>||<big> ห,ฮ </big>||<big> ห,ฮ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''h'''ead
|<big> ຫ, ຮ </big>||<big> ห, ฮ </big>||<big> ห, ฮ </big>|| h || style="text-align:left;" | '''h'''ead
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>
|<big> ຢ </big>||<big> ย,อย,หย </big>||<big> ย,อย,หย </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''y'''ak
|<big> ຢ </big>||<big> ย, อย, หย </big>||<big> ย, อย, หย </big>|| y || style="text-align:left;" | '''y'''ak
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>
|<big> ກ </big>||<big> ก </big>||<big> ก </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | s'''c'''an
|<big> ກ </big>||<big> ก </big>||<big> ก </big>|| k || style="text-align:left;" | s'''c'''an
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|kʰ}}</big>
|<big> {{IPAlink|kʰ}}</big>
|<big> ຂ,ຄ </big>||<big> ข,ฃ,ค,ฅ,ฆ </big>||<big> ข,ฃ,ค,ฅ,ฆ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''c'''an
|<big> ຂ, ຄ </big>||<big> ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ </big>||<big> ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ </big>|| kh || style="text-align:left;" | '''c'''an
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>
|<big> ລ,ຫຼ </big>||<big> ล,ฬ,หล </big>||<big> ร,หร,ล,ฬ,หล </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''l'''aw
|<big> ລ, ຫຼ </big>||<big> ล, ฬ, หล </big>||<big> ร, หร, ล, ฬ, หล </big>|| l || style="text-align:left;" | '''l'''aw
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>
|<big> ມ,ໝ </big>||<big> ม,หม </big>||<big> ม,หม </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''m'''uch
|<big> ມ, ໝ </big>||<big> ม, หม </big>||<big> ม, หม </big>|| m || style="text-align:left;" | '''m'''uch
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big>
|<big> ນ,ໜ </big>||<big> ณ,น,หน </big>||<big> ณ,น,หน </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''n'''ot
|<big> ນ, ໜ </big>||<big> ณ, น, หน </big>||<big> ณ, น, หน </big>|| n || style="text-align:left;" | '''n'''ot
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big>
|<big> ງ,ຫງ </big>||<big> ง,หง </big>||<big> ง,หง </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | si'''ng'''er
|<big> ງ, ຫງ </big>||<big> ง, หง </big>||<big> ง, หง </big>|| ng || style="text-align:left;" | si'''ng'''er
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɲ}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɲ}}</big><ref>Not present in [[Thai language|Central]] and [[Southern Thai language|Southern Thai]].</ref>
|<big> ຍ,ຫຍ </big>||<big> ญ </big>||<big> ญ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | ca'''ny'''on
|<big> ຍ, ຫຍ </big>||<big> ญ, ย, หย </big>||<big> ญ, ย, หย </big>|| gn, ny, y || style="text-align:left;" | ca'''ny'''on
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big>
|<big> ປ </big>||<big> ป </big>||<big> ป </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | s'''p'''an
|<big> ປ </big>||<big> ป </big>||<big> ป </big>|| p || style="text-align:left;" | s'''p'''an
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|pʰ}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|pʰ}}</big>
|<big> ຜ,ພ </big>||<big> ผ,พ,ภ </big>||<big> ผ,พ,ภ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''p'''an
|<big> ຜ, ພ </big>||<big> ผ, พ, ภ </big>||<big> ผ, พ, ภ </big>|| ph || style="text-align:left;" | '''p'''an
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|r}}</big><ref>Only loan word from [[Thai language|Central Thai]] and [[Southern Thai language|Southern Thai]].</ref>
|<big>{{IPAlink|r}}</big><ref name="loan word">Only loan word from [[Thai language|Central]] and [[Southern Thai language|Southern Thai]].</ref>
|<big> ຣ,ຫຼ,ຫຣ </big>||<big> ''ร,หร'' </big>|| — || style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Alveolar trill|trilled r]]''
|<big> ຣ, ຫຼ, ຫຣ </big>||<big> ร, หร </big>||<big> ร, หร </big>|| r || style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Alveolar trill|trilled r]]''
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɾ}}</big>
| — ||<big> ร,หร </big>|| — || style="text-align:left;" | a'''t'''om
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>
|<big> ສ,ຊ </big>||<big> ฉ,ช,ฌ<br>,ซ,ศ,ษ,ส </big>||<big> ฉ,ช,ฌ<br>,ซ,ศ,ษ,ส </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''s'''ue
|<big> ສ, ຊ </big>||<big> ซ, ศ, ษ, ส </big>||<big> ซ, ศ, ษ, ส </big>|| x, s || style="text-align:left;" | '''s'''ue
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|t}}</big>
|<big> {{IPAlink|t}}</big>
|<big> ຕ </big>||<big> ฏ,ต </big>||<big> ฏ,ต </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | s'''t'''able
|<big> ຕ </big>||<big> ฏ, ต </big>||<big> ฏ, ต </big>|| t || style="text-align:left;" | s'''t'''able
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|tʰ}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|tʰ}}</big>
|<big> ຖ,ທ </big>||<big> ฐ,ฑ,ฒ,ถ,ท,ธ </big>||<big> ฐ,ฑ,ฒ,ถ,ท,ธ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''t'''able
|<big> ຖ, ທ </big>||<big> ฐ, ฑ, ฒ, ถ, ท, ธ </big>||<big> ฐ, ฑ, ฒ, ถ, ท, ธ </big>|| th || style="text-align:left;" | '''t'''able
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|tɕ}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|tɕ}}</big>
|<big> ຈ </big>||<big> จ </big>||<big> จ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | somewhat like '''j'''ean; like Mandarin [[Beijing|''bei'''j'''ing'']]
|<big> ຈ </big>||<big> จ </big>||<big> จ </big>|| ch || style="text-align:left;" | '''j'''ean
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|tɕʰ}}</big><ref>Only loan word from [[Thai language|Central Thai]] and [[Southern Thai language|Southern Thai]].</ref>
|<big>{{IPAlink|tɕʰ}}</big><ref name="loan word"/>
|<big> — </big>||<big> ฉ,ช,ฌ </big>|| — || style="text-align:left;" | somewhat like '''ch'''eese; like Mandarin [[Qing dynasty|'''''q'''ing'']]
|<big> — </big>||<big> ฉ, ช, ฌ </big>|| <big> ฉ, ช, ฌ </big> || ch || style="text-align:left;" | '''ch'''eese
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|w}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|w}}</big>
|<big> ວ,ຫວ </big>||<big> ว,หว </big>||<big> ว,หว </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''w'''ay
|<big> ວ, ຫວ </big>||<big> ว, หว </big>||<big> ว, หว </big>|| v, w || style="text-align:left;" | '''w'''ay
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|x}}</big><ref>Allophone of /kʰ/ some dialects.</ref>
|<big> ຂ, ຄ </big>||<big> ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ </big>||<big> ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ </big>|| kh || style="text-align:left;" | lo'''ch'''
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʔ}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʔ}}</big>
|<big> ອ </big>||<big> อ, ะ </big>||<big> อ, ะ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | ''the catch in ''uh'''-'''oh'''''
|<big> ອ </big>||<big> อ </big>||<big> อ </big>|| || style="text-align:left;" | ''the catch in ''uh'''-'''oh'''''
|-
|-
!colspan=6| '''Syllable-final consonants'''
| colspan="5" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px" | &nbsp;
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>
! colspan="5"| [[Tone (linguistics)|Tone]]<ref>In contrast to [[Pinyin]] romanization for Mandarin, Thai romanization uses diacritics in the same way as the IPA.</ref>
|<big> ຍ, ຽ </big>||<big> ย </big>||<big> ย </big>|| y, i || style="text-align:left;" | to'''y'''
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big><ref name="no audible release">In syllable-final position, {{IPA|/p, t, k,/}} have [[no audible release]]: {{IPA|[p̚, t̚, k̚]}}.</ref>
! IPA !! colspan="4" | Description
|<big> ກ </big>||<big> ก, ข, ค, ฆ </big>||<big> ก, ข, ค, ฆ </big>|| k || style="text-align:left;" | tra'''c'''tor
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPA|aː}}</big> = <big> {{IPA|āː}}</big>
|<big>{{IPA link|m}}</big>
| colspan=4 style="text-align:left;" | mid {{IPA|[aː˧]}}
|<big> ມ </big>||<big> ม </big>||<big> ม </big>|| m || style="text-align:left;" | da'''m'''
|-
|<big>{{IPA link|n}}</big>
|<big> ນ </big>||<big> ญ, ณ, น,<br> ร, ล, ฬ </big>||<big> ญ, ณ, น,<br> ร, ล, ฬ </big>|| ne, n || style="text-align:left;" | pi'''n'''
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big>
|<big> ງ </big>||<big> ง </big>||<big> ง </big>|| ng || style="text-align:left;" | si'''ng'''
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big><ref name="no audible release"/>
|<big> ບ </big>||<big> บ, ป, พ, ฟ, ภ </big>||<big> บ, ป, พ, ฟ, ภ </big>|| p || style="text-align:left;" | a'''pt'''
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|t}}</big><ref name="no audible release"/>
|<big> ດ </big>||<big> จ, ช, ซ, ฎ,<br> ฏ, ฐ, ฑ, ฒ,<br> ด, ต, ถ, ท,<br> ธ, ศ ,ษ ,ส </big>||<big> จ, ช, ซ, ฎ,<br> ฏ, ฐ, ฑ, ฒ,<br> ด, ต, ถ, ท,<br> ธ, ศ ,ษ ,ส </big>|| t || style="text-align:left;" | ca'''t'''nip
|-
|<big>{{IPA link|w}}</big>
|<big> ວ </big>||<big> ว </big>||<big> ว </big>|| w, o || style="text-align:left;" | do'''w'''n
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʔ}}</big>
|<big> ະ </big>||<big> ะ, – </big>||<big> ะ, – </big>|| || style="text-align:left;" | ''fla'''t''''' ([[Cockney#Dialect|Cockney]])
|-
| colspan="6" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px" | &nbsp;
|-
! colspan="6"| [[Tone (linguistics)|Tones]]<ref>In contrast to [[Pinyin]] romanization for Mandarin, Thai romanization uses diacritics in the same way as the IPA.</ref>
|-
! IPA !! colspan="5" | Description
|-
|<big> {{IPA|āː}}</big>
| colspan=5 style="text-align:left;" | Mid {{IPA|[aː˧]}}
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPA|àː}}</big>
|<big> {{IPA|àː}}</big>
| colspan=4 style="text-align:left;" | low {{IPA|[aː˨˩]}} or {{IPA|[aː˩]}}
| colspan=5 style="text-align:left;" | Low {{IPA|[aː˨˩]}} or {{IPA|[aː˩]}}
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPA|âː}}</big>
|<big> {{IPA|âː}}</big>
| colspan=4 style="text-align:left;" | high falling {{IPA|[aː˥˧]}}
| colspan=5 style="text-align:left;" | Falling {{IPA|[aː˦˩]}} or {{IPA|[aː˥˨]}}
|-
|<big> {{IPA|a᷇ː}}</big>
| colspan=5 style="text-align:left;" | High-mid {{IPA|[aː˥˧]}} (Isan)
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPA|a̭ː}}</big>
|<big> {{IPA|ȁː}}</big>
| colspan=4 style="text-align:left;" | low falling {{IPA|[aː˧˩]}}
| colspan=5 style="text-align:left;" | Mid-low {{IPA|[aː˧˩]}} (Lao)
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPA|áː}}</big>
|<big> {{IPA|áː}}</big>
| colspan=4 style="text-align:left;" | high {{IPA|[aː˦˥]}} or {{IPA|[aː˥]}}
| colspan=5 style="text-align:left;" | High {{IPA|[aː˦˥]}} or {{IPA|[aː˥]}}
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPA|ǎː}}</big>
|<big> {{IPA|ǎː}}</big>
| colspan=4 style="text-align:left;" | rising {{IPA|[aː˩˩˦]}} or {{IPA|[aː˩˦]}}
| colspan=5 style="text-align:left;" | Rising {{IPA|[aː˨˩˦]}} or {{IPA|[aː˨˦]}}
|}
|}
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"
{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"
!colspan=4| [[Vowel]]s
!colspan=5| [[Vowel]]s
|-
|-
! IPA !! [[Lao language|Lao]]<ref>Diacritics are shown on a dotted circle "◌".</ref> !! [[Isan language|Isan]]/[[Phu Thai language|Phu Thai]] !! English approximation
! IPA !! [[Lao language|Lao]]<ref>Diacritics are shown on a dotted circle "◌".</ref> !! [[Isan language|Isan]]/[[Phuan language|Phuan]] !! Transliteration{{Citation needed}} !! English approximation
|-
|-
!colspan=4| [[Vowel length|Short vowels]]<ref>In Isan, Phu Thai and Lao, the signs [[Visarga#Thai|◌ะ]] and [[Visarga#Lao|◌ະ]] are respectively used to indicate a glottal stop after the vowel.</ref>
!colspan=5| [[Monophthong|Short monophthongs]]<ref>In Isan, Phuan and Lao, the signs [[Visarga#Thai|◌ะ]] and [[Visarga#Lao|◌ະ]] are respectively used to indicate a glottal stop after the vowel.</ref>
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|ä|a}}</big>
|<big> {{IPAlink|ä|a}}</big>
|<big> ◌ະ, ◌ັ◌ </big>||<big> ◌ะ, ◌ั◌ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | c'''u'''t
|<big> ◌ະ, ◌ັ◌ </big>||<big> ◌, ◌ะ, ◌ั◌ </big>|| a || style="text-align:left;" | between ''f'''a'''t'' and ''f'''a'''ther'' (''short'')
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|e}}</big>
|<big> {{IPAlink|e}}</big>
|<big> ເ◌ະ, ເ◌ັ◌ </big>||<big> เ◌ะ, เ◌็◌ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | m'''a'''te
|<big> ເ◌ະ, ເ◌ັ◌ </big>||<big> เ◌ะ, เ◌็◌ </big>|| e || style="text-align:left;" | m'''a'''te
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|ɛ}}</big>
|<big> {{IPAlink|ɛ}}</big>
|<big> ແ◌ະ, ແ◌ັ◌ </big>||<big> แ◌ะ, แ◌็◌ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | b'''a'''t
|<big> ແ◌ະ, ແ◌ັ◌ </big>||<big> แ◌ะ, แ◌็◌ </big>|| e, ae || style="text-align:left;" | b'''e'''t
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|i}}</big>
|<big> {{IPAlink|i}}</big>
|<big> ◌ິ </big>||<big> ◌ิ, ◌ิ◌ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | happ'''y'''
|<big> ◌ິ, ◌ິ◌ </big>||<big> ◌ิ, ◌ิ◌ </big>|| i || style="text-align:left;" | happ'''y'''
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|o}}</big>
|<big> {{IPAlink|o}}</big>
|<big> ໂ◌ະ, ◌ົ◌ </big>||<big> โ◌ะ, ◌◌ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | b'''oa'''t
|<big> ໂ◌ະ, ◌ົ◌ </big>||<big> โ◌ะ, ◌◌ </big>|| o || style="text-align:left;" | st'''o'''ry
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|ɔ}}</big>
|<big> {{IPAlink|ɔ}}</big>
|ເ◌າະ, ◌ັອ◌||<big> เ◌าะ, ◌็อ◌ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | '''o'''ff
|<big> ເ◌າະ, ◌ັອ◌ </big>||<big> เ◌าะ, ◌็อ◌ </big>|| o || style="text-align:left;" | '''o'''ff
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|u}}</big>
|<big> {{IPAlink|u}}</big>
|<big> ◌ຸ </big>||<big> ◌ุ, ◌ุ◌ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | sh'''oo'''t
|<big> ◌ຸ, ◌ຸ◌ </big>||<big> ◌ุ, ◌ุ◌ </big>|| ou, u || style="text-align:left;" | c'''oo'''l
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɯ}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAlink|ɯ}}</big>
|<big> ◌ຶ </big>||<big> ◌ึ, ◌ึ◌ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | c'''ou'''ld (weak sound)
|<big> ◌ຶ, ◌ຶ◌ </big>||<big> ◌ึ, ◌ึ◌ </big>|| u, ue || style="text-align:left;" | c'''ou'''ld (weak sound)
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPAlink|ɤ}}</big>
|<big> {{IPAlink|ɤ}}</big>
|<big> ເ◌ິະ<ref>The vowel "ເ◌ິະ" is a modern vowel form.</ref>, ເ◌ິ◌ </big>||<big> เ◌อะ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | th'''e'''
|<big> ເ◌ິ<ref>The vowel "ເ◌ິ" is a modern vowel form.</ref>, ເ◌ິ◌ </big>||<big> เ◌อะ </big>|| eu, oe || style="text-align:left;" | th'''e'''
|-
|-
! colspan="4"| [[Vowel length|Long vowels]]
! colspan="5"| [[Monophthong|Long monopthongs]]
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPA|aː}}</big>
|<big> {{IPA|aː}}</big>
|<big> ◌າ </big>||<big> ◌า, ◌า◌ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | br'''a'''
|<big> ◌າ, ◌າ◌ </big>||<big> ◌า, ◌า◌ </big>|| a || style="text-align:left;" | br'''a'''
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPA|eː}}</big>
|<big> {{IPA|eː}}</big>
|<big> ເ◌ </big>||<big> เ◌, เ◌◌ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | pl'''ay'''
|<big> ເ◌, ເ◌◌ </big>||<big> เ◌, เ◌◌ </big>|| e || style="text-align:left;" | pl'''ay'''
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPA|ɛː}}</big>
|<big> {{IPA|ɛː}}</big>
|<big> ແ◌ </big>||<big> แ◌, แ◌◌ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | m'''a'''n
|<big> ແ◌, ແ◌◌ </big>||<big> แ◌, แ◌◌ </big>|| e, ae || style="text-align:left;" | f'''ai'''ry
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPA|iː}}</big>
|<big> {{IPA|iː}}</big>
|<big> ◌ີ </big>||<big> ◌ี, ◌ี◌ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | gr'''ee'''n
|<big> ◌ີ, ◌ີ◌ </big>||<big> ◌ี, ◌ี◌ </big>|| i || style="text-align:left;" | gr'''ee'''n
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPA|oː}}</big>
|<big> {{IPA|oː}}</big>
|<big> ໂ◌ </big>||<big> โ◌, โ◌◌ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | g'''o'''
|<big> ໂ◌, ໂ◌◌ </big>||<big> โ◌, โ◌◌ </big>|| o || style="text-align:left;" | g'''o'''
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPA|ɔː}}</big>
|<big> {{IPA|ɔː}}</big>
|<big> ◌ໍ, ◌ອ◌ </big>||<big> ◌อ, ◌อ◌ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | d'''o'''g
|<big> ◌ໍ, ◌ອ◌ </big>||<big> ◌, ◌อ, ◌อ◌ </big>|| o || style="text-align:left;" | d'''o'''g (long)
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPA|uː}}</big>
|<big> {{IPA|uː}}</big>
|<big> ◌ູ </big>||<big> ◌ู, ◌ู◌ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | m'''oo'''n
|<big> ◌ູ, ◌ູ◌ </big>||<big> ◌ู, ◌ู◌ </big>|| ou, u || style="text-align:left;" | c'''oo'''l
|-
|-
|<big>{{IPA|ɯː}}</big>
|<big>{{IPA|ɯː}}</big>
|<big> ◌ື </big>||<big> ◌ือ, ◌ื◌ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | g'''oo'''se ([[Australian English|Australian]])
|<big> ◌ື, ◌ື◌ </big>||<big> ◌ือ, ◌ื◌ </big>|| u, ue || style="text-align:left;" | c'''oo'''l, ''but with the lips unrounded''
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPA|ɤː}}</big>
|<big> {{IPA|ɤː}}</big>
|<big> ເ◌ີ </big>||<big> เ◌อ, เ◌ิ◌ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | f'''u'''r
|<big> ເ◌ີ, ເ◌ີ◌ </big>||<big> เ◌อ, เ◌ิ◌ </big>|| eu, oe || style="text-align:left;" | f'''u'''r
|-
|-
! colspan="5"| [[Diphthong]]s
! colspan="4"| [[Diphthong]]s<ref>More diphthongs occur in the pattern {{IPA|/Vw/}} or {{IPA|/Vj/}}: {{IPA|/aj, aːj, aw, aːw, iw, uj, uːj, ew, eːw, ɛːw, ɤːj, oːj, ɔːj, iow, uɛj, ɯɛj/}}.</ref><ref>Each first element represents a Thai diphthong, with {{IPA|/a/}} as the ending vowel (according to {{cite journal|last=Tingsabadh|first=Kalaya|last2=Abramson|first2=Arthur S.|title=Thai|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association|year=1993|volume=23|issue=1|pages=24–28|doi=10.1017/S0025100300004746|postscript=}}).</ref>
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPA|iaʔ, iəʔ}}</big>
|<big> {{IPA|ia}}</big>
|<big> ເ◌ັຍ, ◌ັຽ◌</big>||<big> เ◌ียะ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | id'''ea''' (shorter)
|<big> ເ◌ຍ, ◌ຽ◌ </big>||<big> เ◌ีย, เ◌ีย◌ </big>|| ia || style="text-align:left;" | id'''ea'''
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPA|ia, iə}}</big>
|<big> {{IPA|ua}}</big>
|<big> ເ◌ຍ, ◌ຽ◌</big>||<big> เ◌ีย, เ◌ีย◌ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | id'''ea'''
|<big> ◌ົວ, ◌ວ◌ </big>||<big> ◌ัว, ◌ว◌ </big>|| oua, ua || style="text-align:left;" | tr'''ua'''nt ''elided into a single syllable''
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPA|uaʔ, uəʔ}}</big>
|<big> {{IPA|ɯa}}</big>
|<big> ◌ົວະ, ◌ົວ◌ </big>||<big> ◌ัวะ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | p'''oor''' (shorter)
|<big> ເ◌ືອ, ເ◌ືອ◌ </big>||<big> เ◌ือ, เ◌ือ◌ </big>|| ua, uea || style="text-align:left;" | No English equivalent
|-
|-
! colspan="5"| Vowels + syllable-final /j, w/ and [[tripthong]]s
|<big> {{IPA|ua, uə}}</big>
|<big> ◌ົວ, ◌ວ◌</big>||<big> ◌ัว, ◌ว◌ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | p'''oor''' (British English)
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPA|ɯaʔ, ɯəʔ}}</big>
|<big> {{IPA|aj}}</big>
|<big> ເ◌ຶອ </big>||<big> เ◌ือะ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | t'''o a''' (weak sound)
|<big> ໃ◌, ໄ◌ </big>||<big> ◌ัย, ใ◌, ไ◌ </big>|| ai || style="text-align:left;" | s'''i'''ght
|-
|-
|<big> {{IPA|ɯa, ɯə}}</big>
|<big> {{IPA|aw}}</big>
|<big> ເ◌ືອ </big>||<big> เ◌ือ, เ◌ือ◌ </big>|| style="text-align:left;" | wh'''o a'''m i ([[Australian English|Australian]])
|<big> ເ◌ົາ </big>||<big> เ◌า </big>|| ao || style="text-align:left;" | h'''ou'''se
|-
|<big> {{IPA|ew}}</big>
|<big> ເ◌ວ, ເ◌ັວ </big>||<big> เ◌ว, เ◌็ว </big>|| eo || style="text-align:left;" | No English equivalent
|-
|<big> {{IPA|ɛw}}</big>
|<big> ແ◌ວ, ແ◌ັວ </big>||<big> แ◌ว, แ◌็ว </big>|| ew, aeo || style="text-align:left;" | No English equivalent
|-
|<big> {{IPA|iw}}</big>
|<big> ◌ິວ </big>||<big> ◌ิว </big>|| iou, io || style="text-align:left;" | d'''u'''ty
|-
|<big> {{IPA|ɔj}}</big>
|<big> ◌ອຍ, ◌ັອຍ </big>||<big> ◌อย, ◌็อย </big>|| oy, oi || style="text-align:left;" | ch'''oi'''ce (''[[American English|American]]'', [[English language in Northern England|Northern England]])
|-
|<big> {{IPA|uj}}</big>
|<big> ◌ຸຍ </big>||<big> ◌ุย </big>|| oui, ui || style="text-align:left;" | ch'''ewy'''
|-
|<big> {{IPA|aːj}}</big>
|<big> ◌າຍ </big>||<big> ◌าย </big>|| ay, ai || style="text-align:left;" | m'''i'''nd
|-
|<big> {{IPA|aːw}}</big>
|<big> ◌າວ </big>||<big> ◌าว </big>|| ao || style="text-align:left;" | c'''ow'''
|-
|<big> {{IPA|eːw}}</big>
|<big> ເ◌ວ </big>||<big> เ◌ว </big>|| eo || style="text-align:left;" | No English equivalent
|-
|<big> {{IPA|ɛːw}}</big>
|<big> ແ◌ວ </big>||<big> แ◌ว </big>|| eo, aeo || style="text-align:left;" | c'''o'''w ([[Australian English|Australian]])
|-
|<big> {{IPA|oːj}}</big>
|<big> ໂ◌ຍ </big>||<big> โ◌ย </big>|| oy, oi || style="text-align:left;" | b'''o'''y (''[[Received Pronunciation|RP]], [[Australian English|Australian]], [[New Zealand English|NZ]]'')
|-
|<big> {{IPA|ɔːj}}</big>
|<big> ◌ອຍ </big>||<big> ◌อย </big>|| oy, oi || style="text-align:left;" | t'''o'''y, ''but longer''
|-
|<big> {{IPA|uːj}}</big>
|<big> ◌ູຍ </big>||<big> ◌ูย </big>|| ouy, ui || style="text-align:left;" | No English equivalent
|-
|<big> {{IPA|ɤːj}}</big>
|<big> ເ◌ີຍ </big>||<big> เ◌ย </big>|| euy, oei || style="text-align:left;" | mille'''feuille''' ([[British English|British]])
|-
|<big> {{IPA|iaw}}</big>
|<big> ◌ຽວ </big>||<big> เ◌ียว </big>|| iao || style="text-align:left;" | m'''eow'''
|-
|<big> {{IPA|uaj}}</big>
|<big> ◌ວຍ </big>||<big> ◌วย </big>|| ouai, uai || style="text-align:left;" | Uru'''guay'''
|-
|<big> {{IPA|ɯaj}}</big>
|<big> ເ◌ືອຍ </big>||<big> เ◌ือย </big>|| euai, ueai || style="text-align:left;" | No English equivalent
|-
| colspan="5" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px" | &nbsp;
|-
! colspan="5"| Other Symbols
|-
! IPA !! colspan="4" | Description
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA|.}}</big>
| colspan=4 style="text-align:left;" | Syllable break
|}
|}
|}
|}

==Notes==
==Notes==
{{reflist}}<br />{{IPA keys}}
{{reflist}}

==See also==
*{{clc|Pages with Lao IPA|pages}}
*{{clc|Pages with Isan IPA|pages}}
*{{clc|Pages with Phuan IPA|pages}}

{{IPA keys}}

Latest revision as of 14:05, 5 January 2025

These charts illustrate International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols used for pronunciations of the Lao/Isan (Lao script for Nongkhai-Vientiane dialect, a standard Lao in Laos; Thai script for Roikaensarasin dialect, a standard Isan in Thailand)[citation needed] and Phuan in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA, and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Consonants
IPA Lao Isan Phuan Transliteration[citation needed] English approximation
Syllable-initial consonants
b ບ บ บ b boss
d ດ ฎ, ด ฎ, ด d done
f ຝ, ຟ ฝ, ฟ ฝ, ฟ f food
h ຫ, ຮ ห, ฮ ห, ฮ h head
j ຢ ย, อย, หย ย, อย, หย y yak
k ກ ก ก k scan
kʰ ຂ, ຄ ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ kh can
l ລ, ຫຼ ล, ฬ, หล ร, หร, ล, ฬ, หล l law
m ມ, ໝ ม, หม ม, หม m much
n ນ, ໜ ณ, น, หน ณ, น, หน n not
ŋ ງ, ຫງ ง, หง ง, หง ng singer
ɲ[1] ຍ, ຫຍ ญ, ย, หย ญ, ย, หย gn, ny, y canyon
p ປ ป ป p span
pʰ ຜ, ພ ผ, พ, ภ ผ, พ, ภ ph pan
r[2] ຣ, ຫຼ, ຫຣ ร, หร ร, หร r trilled r
s ສ, ຊ ซ, ศ, ษ, ส ซ, ศ, ษ, ส x, s sue
t ຕ ฏ, ต ฏ, ต t stable
tʰ ຖ, ທ ฐ, ฑ, ฒ, ถ, ท, ธ ฐ, ฑ, ฒ, ถ, ท, ธ th table
tɕ ຈ จ จ ch jean
tɕʰ[2] — ฉ, ช, ฌ ฉ, ช, ฌ ch cheese
w ວ, ຫວ ว, หว ว, หว v, w way
x[3] ຂ, ຄ ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ kh loch
ʔ ອ อ อ the catch in uh'-oh
Syllable-final consonants
j ຍ, ຽ ย ย y, i toy
k[4] ກ ก, ข, ค, ฆ ก, ข, ค, ฆ k tractor
m ມ ม ม m dam
n ນ ญ, ณ, น,
ร, ล, ฬ 		ญ, ณ, น,
ร, ล, ฬ 		ne, n pin
ŋ ງ ง ง ng sing
p[4] ບ บ, ป, พ, ฟ, ภ บ, ป, พ, ฟ, ภ p apt
t[4] ດ จ, ช, ซ, ฎ,
ฏ, ฐ, ฑ, ฒ,
ด, ต, ถ, ท,
ธ, ศ ,ษ ,ส 		จ, ช, ซ, ฎ,
ฏ, ฐ, ฑ, ฒ,
ด, ต, ถ, ท,
ธ, ศ ,ษ ,ส 		t catnip
w ວ ว ว w, o down
ʔ ະ ะ, – ะ, – flat (Cockney)
 
Tones[5]
IPA Description
āː Mid [aː˧]
àː Low [aː˨˩] or [aː˩]
âː Falling [aː˦˩] or [aː˥˨]
a᷇ː High-mid [aː˥˧] (Isan)
ȁː Mid-low [aː˧˩] (Lao)
áː High [aː˦˥] or [aː˥]
ǎː Rising [aː˨˩˦] or [aː˨˦]
Vowels
IPA Lao[6] Isan/Phuan Transliteration[citation needed] English approximation
Short monophthongs[7]
a ◌ະ, ◌ັ◌ ◌, ◌ะ, ◌ั◌ a between fat and father (short)
e ເ◌ະ, ເ◌ັ◌ เ◌ะ, เ◌็◌ e mate
ɛ ແ◌ະ, ແ◌ັ◌ แ◌ะ, แ◌็◌ e, ae bet
i ◌ິ, ◌ິ◌ ◌ิ, ◌ิ◌ i happy
o ໂ◌ະ, ◌ົ◌ โ◌ะ, ◌◌ o story
ɔ ເ◌າະ, ◌ັອ◌ เ◌าะ, ◌็อ◌ o off
u ◌ຸ, ◌ຸ◌ ◌ุ, ◌ุ◌ ou, u cool
ɯ ◌ຶ, ◌ຶ◌ ◌ึ, ◌ึ◌ u, ue could (weak sound)
ɤ ເ◌ິ[8], ເ◌ິ◌ เ◌อะ eu, oe the
Long monopthongs
aː ◌າ, ◌າ◌ ◌า, ◌า◌ a bra
eː ເ◌, ເ◌◌ เ◌, เ◌◌ e play
ɛː ແ◌, ແ◌◌ แ◌, แ◌◌ e, ae fairy
iː ◌ີ, ◌ີ◌ ◌ี, ◌ี◌ i green
oː ໂ◌, ໂ◌◌ โ◌, โ◌◌ o go
ɔː ◌ໍ, ◌ອ◌ ◌, ◌อ, ◌อ◌ o dog (long)
uː ◌ູ, ◌ູ◌ ◌ู, ◌ู◌ ou, u cool
ɯː ◌ື, ◌ື◌ ◌ือ, ◌ื◌ u, ue cool, but with the lips unrounded
ɤː ເ◌ີ, ເ◌ີ◌ เ◌อ, เ◌ิ◌ eu, oe fur
Diphthongs
ia ເ◌ຍ, ◌ຽ◌ เ◌ีย, เ◌ีย◌ ia idea
ua ◌ົວ, ◌ວ◌ ◌ัว, ◌ว◌ oua, ua truant elided into a single syllable
ɯa ເ◌ືອ, ເ◌ືອ◌ เ◌ือ, เ◌ือ◌ ua, uea No English equivalent
Vowels + syllable-final /j, w/ and tripthongs
aj ໃ◌, ໄ◌ ◌ัย, ใ◌, ไ◌ ai sight
aw ເ◌ົາ เ◌า ao house
ew ເ◌ວ, ເ◌ັວ เ◌ว, เ◌็ว eo No English equivalent
ɛw ແ◌ວ, ແ◌ັວ แ◌ว, แ◌็ว ew, aeo No English equivalent
iw ◌ິວ ◌ิว iou, io duty
ɔj ◌ອຍ, ◌ັອຍ ◌อย, ◌็อย oy, oi choice (American, Northern England)
uj ◌ຸຍ ◌ุย oui, ui chewy
aːj ◌າຍ ◌าย ay, ai mind
aːw ◌າວ ◌าว ao cow
eːw ເ◌ວ เ◌ว eo No English equivalent
ɛːw ແ◌ວ แ◌ว eo, aeo cow (Australian)
oːj ໂ◌ຍ โ◌ย oy, oi boy (RP, Australian, NZ)
ɔːj ◌ອຍ ◌อย oy, oi toy, but longer
uːj ◌ູຍ ◌ูย ouy, ui No English equivalent
ɤːj ເ◌ີຍ เ◌ย euy, oei millefeuille (British)
iaw ◌ຽວ เ◌ียว iao meow
uaj ◌ວຍ ◌วย ouai, uai Uruguay
ɯaj ເ◌ືອຍ เ◌ือย euai, ueai No English equivalent
 
Other Symbols
IPA Description
. Syllable break

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Not present in Central and Southern Thai.
  2. ^ a b Only loan word from Central and Southern Thai.
  3. ^ Allophone of /kʰ/ some dialects.
  4. ^ a b c In syllable-final position, /p, t, k,/ have no audible release: [p̚, t̚, k̚].
  5. ^ In contrast to Pinyin romanization for Mandarin, Thai romanization uses diacritics in the same way as the IPA.
  6. ^ Diacritics are shown on a dotted circle "◌".
  7. ^ In Isan, Phuan and Lao, the signs ◌ะ and ◌ະ are respectively used to indicate a glottal stop after the vowel.
  8. ^ The vowel "ເ◌ິ" is a modern vowel form.

See also

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Lao&oldid=1267523032"