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{{Short description|Stalinets-class submarine of the Soviet Navy}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image= Russian stamp 304 S-13 1996.jpg
|Ship image= Russian stamp 304 S-13 1996.jpg
|Ship caption= S-13 portrayed on a Russian stamp, issued in 1996
|Ship caption= ''S-13'' portrayed on a Russian stamp, issued in 1996
}}
}}
{{Infobox ship career
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Ship country= Soviet Union
|Ship country= Soviet Union
|Ship flag= [[Image:Naval Ensign of the Soviet Union.svg|100x35px|Soviet Naval Ensign]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Soviet Union|naval}}
|Ship name= ''S-13''
|Ship name= ''S-13''
|Ship ordered=
|Ship ordered=
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|Ship reinstated=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship homeport= [[Kronstadt]]
|Ship homeport= [[Kronstadt]]
|Ship fate=
|Ship fate=
|Ship status=
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
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*2 × electric motors {{convert|550|hp|0|abbr=on}} each
*2 × electric motors {{convert|550|hp|0|abbr=on}} each
*2 × shafts
*2 × shafts
|Ship speed=*{{convert|19.5|kn|mph km/h|lk=in}} surfaced
|Ship speed=*{{convert|19.5|kn|lk=in}} surfaced
*{{convert|9|kn|mph km/h}} submerged
*{{convert|9|kn|mph km/h}} submerged
|Ship range=
|Ship range=
|Ship endurance=
|Ship endurance=
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'''''S-13''''' was a [[Soviet S class submarine|''Stalinets''-class submarine]] of the [[Soviet Navy]]. Her keel was laid down by [[Krasnoye Sormovo]] in [[Nizhny Novgorod|Gorky]] on 19 October 1938. She was [[ship naming and launching|launched]] on 25 April 1939 and [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 31 July 1941 in the [[Baltic Fleet]], under the command of Captain [[Pavel Malantyenko]].<ref>[http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/5098.html "Submarine of the S (Stalinec) class" at uboat.net]</ref> The submarine is best known for the 1945 sinking of ''[[MV Wilhelm Gustloff|Wilhelm Gustloff]]'', a German military transport ship. With a career total of 44,701 GRT sunk or damaged, she is the highest-scoring Soviet submarine in history.
'''''S-13''''' was an [[Soviet S-class submarine|S-class]] [[submarine]] of the [[Soviet Navy]]. Her keel was laid down by [[Krasnoye Sormovo]] in [[Nizhny Novgorod|Gorky]] on 19 October 1938. She was [[ship naming and launching|launched]] on 25 April 1939 and [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 31 July 1941 in the [[Baltic Fleet]],<ref name="uboat"/> under the command of Captain {{ill|Pyotr Malanchenko|ru|Маланченко, Пётр Петрович}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sovboat.ru/means/mens_m.php3#m2|title=Люди|website=Великая Отечественная под водой: О подлодках и подводниках 1941 – 1945 гг.|lang=ru|access-date=2 March 2024|editor-last1=Chirva|editor-first1=Evgeniy|editor-last2=Metelev|editor-first2=Dmitriy}}</ref> The submarine is best known for the 1945 sinking of ''[[MV Wilhelm Gustloff|Wilhelm Gustloff]]'', a German military transport ship/converted cruise ship. With a career total of 44,701 GRT (gross register tonnage) sunk or damaged, she is the highest-scoring Soviet submarine in history.


==Service history==
== Service history ==
In the first half of September 1942, under Malantjenko's command, ''S-13'' sank two Finnish ships, ''Hera'' and {{SS|Jussi H.||2}}, and a German ship ''Anna W'', totaling 4,042 tons. When S-13 sank the freighter ''Hera'', she notably fired on the ship's lifeboats but failed to hit them. <ref>https://haverit.hylyt.net/index.php/2020/12/01/hera-1942/</ref>
In the first half of September 1942, under Malanchenko's command, ''S-13'' sank two Finnish ships, ''Hera'' and {{SS|Jussi H.||2}}, and a German ship ''Anna W'', totaling 4,042 tons. When S-13 sank the freighter ''Hera'', she fired on the ship's lifeboat but failed to hit it.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://haverit.hylyt.net/index.php/2020/12/01/hera-1942/ | title=Hera (1942) – höyrylaiva – Haverit.net }}</ref>


On 15 October 1942, caught on the surface while charging her batteries, ''S-13'' was attacked by the [[Finland|Finnish]] submarine chasers [[VMV-class patrol boat|''VMV-13'']] and [[VMV-class patrol boat|''VMV-15'']]. During her [[crash dive]], the submarine hit bottom, severely damaging her rudder and destroying her steering gear. The following [[depth charge]] attack worsened the damage, but ''S-13'' escaped and made it back to [[Kronstadt]].
On 15 October 1942, caught on the surface while charging her batteries, ''S-13'' was attacked by the [[Finland|Finnish]] submarine chasers [[VMV-class patrol boat|''VMV-13'']] and [[VMV-class patrol boat|''VMV-15'']]. During her [[crash dive]], the submarine hit the bottom, severely damaging her rudder and destroying her steering gear. The following [[depth charge]] attack worsened the damage, but ''S-13'' escaped and made it back to [[Kronstadt]].


During the next three years, Malantyenko was relieved by [[Alexander Marinesko]] and ''S-13'' was repaired and returned to sea.
During the next three years, Malanchenko was relieved by [[Alexander Marinesko]] and ''S-13'' was repaired and returned to sea.


Under the command of Marinesko, then 32, on 30 January 1945, at [[Stolpe Bank]] off the Pomeranian coast, ''S-13'' sank the 25,484-ton German civilian cruise ship ''[[MV Wilhelm Gustloff|Wilhelm Gustloff]]'', overfilled with civilians and military personnel, with three [[torpedo]]es. Recent calculations estimate more than 9,000 people were killed, the worst loss of life in maritime history.<ref>{{dead link|date=January 2017}}[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4442/is_200709/ai_n19511170/pg_1 "Greatest Wartime Sea Tragedy Becomes Major Film"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414125709/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4442/is_200709/ai_n19511170/pg_1 |date=2008-04-14 }}, a ''[[Sea Classics]]'' magazine September 2007 article</ref><ref name="Kapp-03">{{cite web|author1=Irwin J. Kappes|title=Wilhelm Gustloff - The Greatest Marine Disaster in History|url=http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/wwii/articles/wilhelmgustloff.aspx|website=MilitaryHistoryOnline.com|accessdate=9 January 2017|date=2003}}</ref><ref name="DiscoveryChannel">"Wilhelm Gustloff: World's Deadliest Sea Disasters". ''Unsolved History'', The Discovery Channel. Season 1, Episode 14. (Original air date: March 26, 2003)</ref>
Under the command of Marinesko, then 32, on 30 January 1945, at [[Stolpe Bank]] off the Pomeranian coast, ''S-13'' sank the 25,484-ton German armed transport ship {{MV|Wilhelm Gustloff||2}} under [[Kriegsmarine]] ensign, overfilled with civilians and military personnel, with three [[torpedo]]es. Recent calculations estimate more than 9,000 people were killed, the worst loss of life in maritime history.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4442/is_200709/ai_n19511170/pg_1 "Greatest Wartime Sea Tragedy Becomes Major Film"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414125709/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4442/is_200709/ai_n19511170/pg_1 |date=2008-04-14 }}, a ''[[Sea Classics]]'' magazine September 2007 article</ref><ref name="Kapp-03">{{cite web|author1=Irwin J. Kappes|title=Wilhelm Gustloff – The Greatest Marine Disaster in History|url=http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/wwii/articles/wilhelmgustloff.aspx|website=MilitaryHistoryOnline.com|accessdate=9 January 2017|date=2003}}</ref><ref name="DiscoveryChannel">"Wilhelm Gustloff: World's Deadliest Sea Disasters". ''Unsolved History'', The Discovery Channel. Season 1, Episode 14. (Original air date: March 26, 2003)</ref>


On 10 February 1945, ''S-13'' sank another German military transport ship ''[[SS General von Steuben|General von Steuben]]''.<ref>[http://bob.plord.net/Ships/MS-3/Germany/GeneralvonSteuben.html Data sheet on the ''Dampfschiff General von Steuben'']</ref> 3,300 civilians and military personnel from the ship died, and 300 survived.<ref>[http://www.grani.ru/opinion/sokolov/m.134310.html]</ref>
On 10 February 1945, ''S-13'' sank another German military transport ship {{SS|General von Steuben||2}}.<ref>[http://bob.plord.net/Ships/MS-3/Germany/GeneralvonSteuben.html Data sheet on the ''Dampfschiff General von Steuben'']</ref> 3,300 civilians and military personnel from the ship died, and 300 survived.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.grani.ru/opinion/sokolov/m.134310.html | title=Грани.Ру: Потопленный миф }}</ref>


Marinesko was posthumously awarded the title [[Hero of the Soviet Union]] in 1990.
Marinesko was posthumously awarded the title [[Hero of the Soviet Union]] in 1990.
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''S-13'' was decommissioned on 7 September 1954 and stricken on 17 December 1956.
''S-13'' was decommissioned on 7 September 1954 and stricken on 17 December 1956.


{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"
<center>
|+ Ships sunk by ''S-13''<ref name="uboat">{{cite web | url=http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/5098.html | title=S-13 of the Soviet Navy – Soviet Submarine of the S (Stalinec) class – Allied Warships of WWII – uboat.net|access-date=2 March 2024}}</ref>
{| class=wikitable
|-
|+ Ships sunk by ''S-13''<ref>http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/5098.html</ref>
|-
|-
! Date
! Date
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| ''Hera''
| ''Hera''
| {{flagicon|Finland}}
| {{flagicon|Finland}}
| 1379 GRT
| {{right|1,379 GRT}}
| freighter (torpedo)
| freighter (torpedo)
|-
|-
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| ''Jussi H.''
| ''Jussi H.''
| {{flagicon|Finland}}
| {{flagicon|Finland}}
| 2325 GRT
| {{right|2,325 GRT}}
| freighter (torpedo)
| freighter (torpedo)
|-
|-
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| ''Anna W.''
| ''Anna W.''
| {{flagicon|Netherlands}}
| {{flagicon|Netherlands}}
| 290 GRT
| {{right|290 GRT}}
| freighter (gunfire)
| freighter (gunfire)
|-
|-
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| ''[[MV Wilhelm Gustloff|Wilhelm Gustloff]]''
| ''[[MV Wilhelm Gustloff|Wilhelm Gustloff]]''
| {{flagicon|Nazi Germany}}
| {{flagicon|Nazi Germany}}
| 25484 GRT
| {{right|25,484 GRT}}
| transport ship (torpedo)
| transport ship (torpedo)
|-
|-
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| ''[[SS General von Steuben|General Steuben]]''
| ''[[SS General von Steuben|General Steuben]]''
| {{flagicon|Nazi Germany}}
| {{flagicon|Nazi Germany}}
| 14660 GRT
| {{right|14,660 GRT}}
| transport ship (torpedo)
| transport ship (torpedo)
|-
|-
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| colspan=3 align=right|'''Total:'''||44,138 GRT||
| colspan=3 align=right|'''Total:'''||44,138 GRT||
|}
|}
⚫
''S-13'' also shelled and damaged the German fishing vessel, ''Siegfried'' (563 GRT), which was damaged but escaped.<ref name="uboat"/>
</center>
⚫
''S-13'' also shelled and damaged the German fishing vessel, ''Siegfried'' (563 GRT), which was damaged but escaped.<ref>http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/5098.html</ref>


== References ==
== References ==

Latest revision as of 19:04, 25 May 2024

S-13 portrayed on a Russian stamp, issued in 1996
History
Soviet Union
NameS-13
Laid down19 October 1938
Launched25 April 1939
Commissioned31 July 1941
Decommissioned7 September 1954
Stricken17 December 1956
HomeportKronstadt
General characteristics
Class and typeSoviet S-class submarine
Displacement
  • 840 long tons (853 t) surfaced
  • 1,050 long tons (1,067 t) submerged
Length77.8 m (255 ft 3 in)
Beam6.4 m (21 ft 0 in)
Draught4.4 m (14 ft 5 in)
Propulsion
  • 2 × diesels 2,000 hp (1,491 kW) each
  • 2 × electric motors 550 hp (410 kW) each
  • 2 × shafts
Speed
  • 19.5 knots (36.1 km/h; 22.4 mph) surfaced
  • 9 knots (10 mph; 17 km/h) submerged
Test depth100 m (330 ft)
Complement50 officers and men
Armament
  • 6 × 21 in (530 mm) torpedo tubes (4 forward, 2 aft)
  • 12 × torpedoes
  • 1 × 100 mm (4 in) gun
  • 1 × 45 mm (2 in) cannon

S-13 was an S-class submarine of the Soviet Navy. Her keel was laid down by Krasnoye Sormovo in Gorky on 19 October 1938. She was launched on 25 April 1939 and commissioned on 31 July 1941 in the Baltic Fleet,[1] under the command of Captain Pyotr Malanchenko [ru].[2] The submarine is best known for the 1945 sinking of Wilhelm Gustloff, a German military transport ship/converted cruise ship. With a career total of 44,701 GRT (gross register tonnage) sunk or damaged, she is the highest-scoring Soviet submarine in history.

Service history

[edit]

In the first half of September 1942, under Malanchenko's command, S-13 sank two Finnish ships, Hera and Jussi H., and a German ship Anna W, totaling 4,042 tons. When S-13 sank the freighter Hera, she fired on the ship's lifeboat but failed to hit it.[3]

On 15 October 1942, caught on the surface while charging her batteries, S-13 was attacked by the Finnish submarine chasers VMV-13 and VMV-15. During her crash dive, the submarine hit the bottom, severely damaging her rudder and destroying her steering gear. The following depth charge attack worsened the damage, but S-13 escaped and made it back to Kronstadt.

During the next three years, Malanchenko was relieved by Alexander Marinesko and S-13 was repaired and returned to sea.

Under the command of Marinesko, then 32, on 30 January 1945, at Stolpe Bank off the Pomeranian coast, S-13 sank the 25,484-ton German armed transport ship Wilhelm Gustloff under Kriegsmarine ensign, overfilled with civilians and military personnel, with three torpedoes. Recent calculations estimate more than 9,000 people were killed, the worst loss of life in maritime history.[4][5][6]

On 10 February 1945, S-13 sank another German military transport ship General von Steuben.[7] 3,300 civilians and military personnel from the ship died, and 300 survived.[8]

Marinesko was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union in 1990.

S-13 was decommissioned on 7 September 1954 and stricken on 17 December 1956.

Ships sunk by S-13[1]
Date Ship Flag Tonnage Notes
11 September 1942 Hera Finland
1,379 GRT
 freighter (torpedo)
12 September 1942 Jussi H. Finland
2,325 GRT
 freighter (torpedo)
18 September 1942 Anna W. Netherlands
290 GRT
 freighter (gunfire)
30 January 1945 Wilhelm Gustloff Nazi Germany
25,484 GRT
 transport ship (torpedo)
10 February 1945 General Steuben Nazi Germany
14,660 GRT
 transport ship (torpedo)
Total: 44,138 GRT

S-13 also shelled and damaged the German fishing vessel, Siegfried (563 GRT), which was damaged but escaped.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "S-13 of the Soviet Navy – Soviet Submarine of the S (Stalinec) class – Allied Warships of WWII – uboat.net". Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  2. ^ Chirva, Evgeniy; Metelev, Dmitriy (eds.). "Люди". Великая Отечественная под водой: О подлодках и подводниках 1941 – 1945 гг. (in Russian). Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  3. ^ "Hera (1942) – höyrylaiva – Haverit.net".
  4. ^ "Greatest Wartime Sea Tragedy Becomes Major Film" Archived 2008-04-14 at the Wayback Machine, a Sea Classics magazine September 2007 article
  5. ^ Irwin J. Kappes (2003). "Wilhelm Gustloff – The Greatest Marine Disaster in History". MilitaryHistoryOnline.com. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  6. ^ "Wilhelm Gustloff: World's Deadliest Sea Disasters". Unsolved History, The Discovery Channel. Season 1, Episode 14. (Original air date: March 26, 2003)
  7. ^ Data sheet on the Dampfschiff General von Steuben
  8. ^ "Грани.Ру: Потопленный миф".
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