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[[WP:COPYARTICLE]], old split proposal discussed at [[Talk:Lunar_Lander_(video_game_genre)#Split_proposal]] without support
=Lunar Lander (1969 video game)=
{{Infobox video game
| title = Lunar Lander
| image =
| caption = Screenshot of gameplay
| designer = Jim Storer
| platforms = [[Minicomputer]]s, [[personal computer]]s
| publisher =
| released = {{plainlist|
*1969 (FOCAL)
*1973 (BASIC)}}
| genre = [[Space flight simulation game|Space flight simulation]]
| modes = [[Single-player video game|Single-player]]
}}
'''Lunar Lander''' (also known as '''ROCKET''', '''APOLLO''' or '''LUNAR''') is a [[Text-based game|text-based]] [[strategy video game]] developed by Jim Storer in 1969 after watching the [[Apollo Lunar Module]] land on the [[Moon]]. The game was published under several different names, and was modified and expanded by users who played it. In 1973, the two most popular variations were published alongside Storer's original in ''[[BASIC Computer Games|101 BASIC Computer Games]]'', a collection of [[Type-in program|type-in programs]] by [[David H. Ahl]], where he described it as "far and away the single most popular computer game."

== Gameplay ==
''Lunar Lander'' is a [[Text-based game|text-based]] [[strategy video game]] that simulates a [[moon landing]]. The player controls a [[lunar module]] as it falls toward the surface of the Moon or other [[astronomical object|astronomical body]], using thrusters to slow the ship's descent. Hitting the surface at too high a velocity or running out of fuel results in failure. Movement in the game is turn-based, with each turn representing ten seconds of travel time. To control the module, the player types in a number indicating how many pounds of fuel to burn during each ten second increment. Since the module only holds a limited amount of fuel, the player's objective is to figure out how to allocate that fuel over the course of about four in-game minutes. Depending on the velocity of the craft when it lands or crashes, the player is given an end-game appraisal ranging from "Perfect Landing! (Lucky)!" to "Sorry, but there were no survivors—you blew it! In fact you blasted a new lunar crater [amount] ft. deep!"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Storer|first=Jim|title=Lunar Landing Game Source Code Listing|url=https://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~storer/LunarLander/LunarLander/LunarLanderListing.jpg|url-status=live|access-date=2002-01-15|website=Lunar Landing Game Related Documents}}</ref><ref name="BoCC" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Reed|first=Aaron A.|date=2021-01-14|title=1972: ROCKET|url=https://if50.substack.com/p/1972-rocket|access-date=2022-01-16|website=50 Years of Text Games}}</ref>

== Development ==

=== Storer's original version ===
''Lunar Lander'' was created in the fall of 1969 by Jim Storer, a student at [[Lexington High School (Massachusetts)|Lexington High School]], after watching the [[Apollo 11]] [[moon landing]].<ref name="Ahl_LUNAR" /> The game's complex equations were likely given to him by his father, who was an engineer.<ref name=":1" /> After Christmas, it was uploaded to the school's system library as ''ROCKET'',<ref name="lunar_tech" /><ref name="lunar_comp" /><ref name="ACHmoon" /> and his computer teacher submitted the game to [[DECUS]] under the name ''FOCAL Lunar Landing Simulation (APOLLO)'', where the [[source code]] was distributed to readers under the name ''APOLLO'', while [[Digital Equipment Corporation|Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)]] published the game as ''Lunar Module''.<ref name="lunar_tech" /><ref name="ACHmoon" /> Storer himself refers to it as the ''Lunar Landing Game''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jim Storer - Lunar Landing Game Related Documents|url=https://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~storer/LunarLander/LunarLander.html|access-date=2022-01-16|website=www.cs.brandeis.edu}}</ref>

Storer wrote the original game in the programming language [[FOCAL (programming language)|FOCAL]] for the [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] [[PDP-8]] [[minicomputer]], but it was later converted to [[BASIC]] by [[David H. Ahl]], along with ''[[Hamurabi (video game)|Hamurabi]]'', in part to demonstrate the PDP-8. Their popularity led him to create a compilation of BASIC computers games, both his own and reader submissions, as a book called ''[[BASIC Computer Games|101 BASIC Computer Games]]''.<ref name="TIME" /><ref name="BoCC" /> The book was a landmark title in computer games programming and was a best-selling title with more than 10,000 copies sold. Its second edition in 1978, titled ''BASIC Computer Games'', was the first million-selling computer book. As such, the BASIC ports of mainframe computer games included in the book were often more long-lived than their original versions or other mainframe computer games.<ref name="TIME" />

The earliest known example of Storer's game being called ''Lunar Lander'' was in the 1975 book ''What to Do After You Hit Return'', a collection of BASIC computer games similar to Ahl's published by the [[People's Computer Company|People's Computer Company (PCC).]] Prior to that, in 1969, the name ''Lunar Lander'' was used in relation to an [[electromechanics|electro-mechanical]] [[arcade game]] by Cointronics, which involved the player to using a joystick to land a physical lunar lander model on various targets. A distributor said Cointronics was "the first successful attempt of a coin-operated amusement machine factory to exploit a news event of monumental importance to the world." But it's unclear whether the game inspired PCC to call Storer's game ''Lunar Lander'', or if it was merely a coincidence.<ref name="ACHmoon" />

Ports and modifications of ''Lunar Lander'' were commercially distributed for some [[programmable calculator|programmable calculators,]] such as in 1975 for the Hewlett-Packard [[HP-25]]<ref name="HPbook" /> and [[HP-65]],<ref name="Antic" /> and [[home computer]]s as early as 1976. Early examples are Lunar Lander (1976) for the [[Apple I]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Apple I Replica Creation -- Chapter 1: Apple I History {{!}} Applefritter|url=https://www.applefritter.com/replica/chapter1|access-date=2022-01-16|website=www.applefritter.com}}</ref> and ''Moon Lander'' (1977) for the [[MK14]] [[electronic kit|computer kit]], which displayed the lander's speed, height, and fuel consumption on an eight-character calculator-style display.<ref name="GTTR" />

In 2019, Stefan Trenkel ported the original 1969 source code as a [[browser game]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=LUNAR LANDER SIMULATOR|url=https://lunar69.uber.space/|access-date=2022-01-16|website=lunar69.uber.space}}</ref>

=== Other versions ===
Because [[Type-in program|type-in programs]] involved manually typing in the source code to run the game, many users added their own modifications. A few users who discovered the FOCAL version through DECUS submitted their own version. David A. Moon of Wayland High School responded with ''APOLLO II'', described as "a greatly improved version of the ''Apollo'' simulation game which has been running on almost every timesharing system in the country," which changed the time interval from ten seconds to five seconds and added the ability to move left and right as well as up and down.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_decdecuspr2bitCatlogUpgFeb72_3874513/page/n33/mode/2up?q=%22david+a.+moon%22|title=DECUS Program Library Catalog|publisher=DEC Users Society|year=1972|location=Maynard, Massachusetts|pages=F - 26}}</ref> Andres J. Magre of laboratory equipment supplier Coasin S.A. in Buenos Aires, Argentina submitted ''APOLLO 12'', a modification designed to be played in real-time.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/hack42_DESCUScope_DECUS_Library/page/n447/mode/2up?q=%22andres+j.+magre%22|title=DECUS Program Library|publisher=DECUS Users Society|year=1974|location=Maynard, Massachusetts|pages=12 - 14}}</ref>

David H. Ahl included two BASIC variations alongside Storer's original in his 1973 book ''[[BASIC Computer Games|101 BASIC Computer Games]]'', which were later renamed when converted to [[Microsoft BASIC]] for the 1978 edition of ''Basic Computer Games.'' Eric Peters, an employee at DEC, created a variation called ''ROCKT1'' (1973) or ''Rocket'' (1978) which added a simple text-based graphical display of the distance from the ground in each round, while William Labaree II's ''ROCKT2'' (1973) or ''LEM'' (1978) added horizontal velocity and the ability to apply thrust at an angle.<ref name="lunar_tech" /> PCC published its own variation alongside the original in its 1975 book ''What to Do After You Hit Return.'' ''Crash'' added challenging new levels, asking the player at the start of the game whether they want to land on the Moon, the planet Earth, or an "unknown planet" called Persephone.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/Whattodoafteryouhitreturn/page/n103/mode/2up?q=crash|title=What To Do After You Hit Return|publisher=People's Computer Company|year=1975|location=Mentlo Park, California|pages=104}}</ref>
== Legacy ==

The 1972 edition of DECUS Program Library Catalog said the game was being played "on almost every timesharing system in the country."<ref name=":0" /> In the 1973 edition of ''101'' ''BASIC Computer Games'', David Ahl described the text-based version of ''Lunar Lander'' as "by far and away the single most popular computer game"<ref name="lunar_tech" /> and in the 1976 collection ''The Best Of Creative Computing'' said it was still "next to [[Star Trek (1971 video game)|Star Trek and Space War]], the most popular computer game."<ref name="BoCC" /> ''Moon Lander (1977)'' for the MK14 was one of the first three commercial games in Britain for home computers.<ref name="GTTR" /> In ''Science Fiction Video Games'' (2014), while discussing the games' lack of science fiction concepts like aliens or unrealistic physics, Neal Roger Tringham described the series as "one of the few video games to be based on a real space program, as opposed to the many games inspired by fictional forms of space exploration".<ref name="SFgames" /> Commenting on the framing narrative, Aaron A. Reed wrote in ''50 Years Of Text Games'' that Storer's game was unlike previous text-based games in that you're not make decisions from "a remote gold's eye viewpoint" but instead "become the astronaut in the hot seat, watching the numbers printed by your chattering teletype drop disturbingly quickly."<ref name=":1" />

In 1973, Jack Burness created a graphical lunar landing game for the [[DEC GT40|GT40]] called Moonlander, which featured the earliest known graphical representation of a human in a video game, as well as the earliest in-game cutscene and earliest known Easter egg in a video game.<ref name="Katevideo" /> Although it shares several similarities with Storer's original, such as the end-game appraisals, Burness can't recall which text-based lunar lander game he played, and downplays its influence by saying that whatever version it was, it didn't seem impressive. Moonlander inspired Atari's arcade game [[Lunar Lander (1979 video game)|Lunar Lander]], which in turn inspired its own wave of imitators.<ref name="lunar_tech" /><ref name="ACHmoon" />


== Construction Beyond This Point ==

In 1973, DEC commissioned the creation of a game intended to showcase the capabilities of their new [[DEC GT40]] graphics terminals. The result was a real-time, graphical version of ''Lunar Lander'' called ''Moonlander'' by Jack Burness. The game was distributed with DEC computers and displayed at trade shows. In 1979, [[Atari, Inc.]] released a vector graphics [[arcade game]] version of the concept as ''[[Lunar Lander (1979 video game)|Lunar Lander]]''. It added a fuel-for-money system allowing the player to purchase more fuel to continue their current game.

Graphical lunar landing games became a popular concept for home computer systems. Commodore published a version called ''[[Jupiter Lander]]'' for their [[Commodore VIC-20|VIC-20]] in 1981. That same year, ''[[Electronic Games]]'' wrote that "sometimes it seems as though every company capable of copying a cassette is trying to sell a game on this theme."<ref name="eg198101"/>


=Moonlander (video game)=
{{Infobox video game
| title = Moonlander
| image = GT40 Lunar Lander.jpg
| caption = DEC GT40 graphics terminal running ''Moonlander''
| designer = Jack Burness
| platforms = [[DEC GT40]]
| publisher = DEC
| released = 1973
| genre = [[Space flight simulation game|Space flight simulation]]
| modes = [[Single-player video game|Single-player]]
}}
'''Moonlander''' is a real-time, graphical lunar landing game. It was developed by Jack Burness for in 1973 for DEC, who commissioned it to showcase the capabilities of their new [[DEC GT40]] graphics terminal when connected to a [[PDP-10]] or [[PDP-11]] minicomputers. The game featured the earliest known graphical representation of a human in a video game, as well as the earliest [[Cutscene|in-game cutscene]] and earliest known [[Easter egg (media)|Easter egg]] in a video game. It was the inspiration for Atari's [[Lunar Lander (1979 video game)|Lunar Lander]].

== Gameplay ==
''Moonlander'' is a single-player graphical lunar landing game in which the player attempts to land a [[lunar module]] on the Moon. The game is displayed using monochrome [[vector graphics]] and depicts a side-on view of the terrain and the landing module. At the top of the screen, the player is given information on the module's speed, altitude, and fuel. The terrain is jagged and has only a few flat areas appropriate for landing. The player controls the orientation of the module and fires the [[Rocket engine|thruster]] to steer the module safely to a landing area. [The module is always displayed in the center of the screen, with the terrain scrolling beneath it as it travels horizontally, [[Glossary of video game terms#Wrapping|wrapping]] the single screen-width of terrain endlessly.]

After the player successfully lands or crashes the module, they are given an end-game appraisal based on how softly the module landed or how badly it crashed. Crashes occur if the module is moving too fast, or is rotated too far from vertical when it touches the ground, or lands on a not-flat area. When the lander gets close to the surface, the view changes to a close-up view of the terrain. The player has a limited amount of fuel, which is consumed by controlling the module. Whether the player lands safely or crashes, the game starts another round with the remains of any previously crashed or successfully landed modules until the game is reset.

The game is controlled via [two buttons that rotate the module left and right, a large handle that fires the thruster (proportionally to how hard it is pulled), and an "abort" button that rotates the module back to vertical and fires the thruster, burning a large amount of fuel in an attempt to stop the module from crashing.] Each action uses fuel, and when the fuel runs out the module no longer responds to the controls.

McDonald's

== Development ==
The game was written by Jack Burness, a DEC consultant and former employee, and named ''Moonlander''; it was distributed with DEC computers and displayed at trade shows.<ref name="SFgames" /><ref name="lunar_tech" /><ref name="ACHmoon" /> Unlike the previous turn-based, textual games, ''Moonlander'' is a real-time graphical game. The goal remains to correctly land a lunar module on the surface of the Moon using the game's [[telemetry]] data. If the player miscalculates the module's landing, the module will either fly off into space or crash into the Moon's surface. The game is controlled with a [[light pen]], and the output display was a [[vector graphics]] system; the light pen allowed adjusting the throttle value and the angle of the lunar lander.<ref name="SFgames" />

Burness completed the game on February 25, 1973, after spending ten days developing it plus one day visiting the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], which had co-designed the actual [[Apollo lunar lander|lunar lander]]. There, he got the actual specifications for the lander, which he used to create the calculations of the fuel consumption for maneuvering the rocket.<ref name="lunar_tech" /><ref name="ACHmoon" /> Burness has said that he does not recall playing the original ''Lunar'', but that by 1973 there were numerous versions of the game which he had played.<ref name="lunar_tech" /> Additionally, a few months prior to making the game, he attended the December 6 launch of the [[Apollo 17]] Moon landing mission, which may have inspired the creation of the game.<ref name="ACHmoon" />

''Moonlander'' was the first multiple-perspective video game; when the lander gets close to the Moon, the view changes to a close-up view of the surface and lander. If the player successfully lands the spaceship, an astronaut climbs out to stand on the surface—the first depiction of a human in a video game and possibly the first [[cutscene]] in a video game.{{efn|''[[The Sumerian Game]]'' (1966) interspersed gameplay with projected slideshow images along with a voiceover tape, which may also be considered the first cutscene.<ref name="SumerianRetro"/>}}<ref name="ACHmoon" /><ref name="Katevideo" /> ''Moonlander'' was also the first video game to include an [[Easter egg (media)|easter egg]]; if the player flies their ship horizontally enough in the close-up view, they encounter a [[McDonald's]] restaurant which the astronaut will visit upon landing and can destroy by crashing into it.<ref name="ACHmoon" /><ref name="Katevideo" /> Modified versions of ''Moonlander'' were made, with at least one renaming it to ''RT-11 Lunar Lander'', and another removing the McDonald's, as seen in a 1979 Dutch short film ''Mens en computer'' (''Human and Computer'').<ref name="ACHmoon" />

== Legacy ==
''Moonlander'' was favorite application among users of DEC graphics terminals.<ref name="lunar_tech" />

Firsts

In August 1979, [[Atari, Inc.|Atari]] produced an [[arcade game]] version of the concept as ''[[Lunar Lander (1979 video game)|Lunar Lander]]''. This version uses monochrome [[vector graphics]] and allows the player to rotate the ship right or left and fire thrusters via proportional throttle control system using a joystick with a spring. Like ''Moonlander'', both a graphical display of a repeating mountainous surface as well as a text readout of the ship's speed, altitude, and remaining fuel are displayed. Once a game begins, it only ends when a player runs out of fuel, rather than due to a time limit; players can insert quarters to add fuel to their current game. Bonus points are awarded for landing on difficult parts of the map.<ref name="Pixel" /> The idea for the game came from Delman, who had seen a graphical version of the game, likely ''Moonlander'', a few years prior; Atari employees had also seen ''Moonlander'' years prior at the [[NASA]] [[Ames Research Center]] and attempted to create an arcade version with [[raster graphics]] in 1975.<ref name="lunar_tech" /><ref name="ACHmoon" />

The ''Lunar Lander'' arcade game proved popular and commercially successful, selling approximately 4,700 cabinets. Atari's ''[[Asteroids (video game)|Asteroids]]'' (1979) became so much more popular, however, that 300 ''Asteroids'' games were released in ''Lunar Lander'' cabinets.<ref name="lunar_tech" /><ref name="Pixel" /> So many versions of the graphical game existed by 1981 that ''[[Electronic Games]]'', in a review of a version by Scott Adams for Atari 8-bit computers and the TRS-80, claimed it was "yet another entry in a field as crowded as the category of [[List of Space Invaders video games|''Space Invaders'' imitators]]. Sometimes it seems as though every company capable of copying a cassette is trying to sell a game on this theme."<ref name="eg198101" /><ref name="lunar_tech" /> At least one [[metagame]] exists; ''Antic'' in March 1986 published ''Lunar Lander Construction Set'' for Atari 8-bit, in which the player constructs a custom graphical Lunar Lander.<ref name="Antic" />

Eventually there were so many variations that they became collectively known as Lunar Landers, with ''[[InfoWorld]]'' referring to ''LEM'' in February 1979 as "a lunar lander"

So many versions of the graphical game existed by 1981 that ''[[Electronic Games]]'', in a review of a version by Scott Adams for Atari 8-bit computers and the TRS-80, claimed it was "yet another entry in a field as crowded as the category of [[List of Space Invaders video games|''Space Invaders'' imitators]]. Sometimes it seems as though every company capable of copying a cassette is trying to sell a game on this theme."<ref name="eg198101" /><ref name="lunar_tech" /> In a review for the same Scott Adams game, ''[[Computer Gaming World]]'' described ''Lunar Lander'' as one of the first fun programs entry level programmers start with and continually improve upon as they improve their skills.<ref name="CGW" />

and ''[[Antic (magazine)|Antic]]'' terming the set of text-based games as "Lunar Landers" in 1986.<ref name="IW" />

A port of the original [[DEC GT40]] ''Moonlander'' was released for the [[iPad]] for free by Paradigm Systems in 2013, but has since become unavailable.<ref name="ipadLander" />

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|refs=

<!-- TEXT -->

<ref name="lunar_tech">{{cite web |date=2009-07-19 |last=Edwards |first=Benj |work=[[Technologizer]] |title=Forty Years of Lunar Lander |url=http://technologizer.com/2009/07/19/lunar-lander/ |access-date=2016-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116075236/http://www.technologizer.com/2009/07/19/lunar-lander/ |archive-date=2016-01-16 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="lunar_comp">{{cite journal |date=July 1994 |last=Chien |first=Philip |journal=[[Compute!]] |publisher=[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC Publishing]] |title=Blast off! |page=90 |issn=0194-357X}}</ref>
<ref name="Ahl_LUNAR">[[#BASIC|Ahl 1978]], [http://atariarchives.org/basicgames/showpage.php?page=106 pp. 106–109]</ref>
<ref name="HPbook">{{cite book |title=Hewlett-Packard HP-25 Applications Programs |publisher=[[Hewlett-Packard]] |date=1975 |oclc=8640699}}</ref>
<ref name="TIME">{{cite web |url=http://time.com/69316/basic/ |title=Fifty Years of BASIC, the Programming Language That Made Computers Personal |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |last=McCracken |first=Harry |date=2014-04-29 |access-date=2016-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205214236/http://time.com/69316/basic/ |archive-date=2016-02-05 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="BoCC">[[#Best|Ahl 1976]], [http://www.atariarchives.org/bcc1/showpage.php?page=264 pp. 264–265]</ref>
<ref name="IW">{{cite magazine |title=Graphics Games for Exidy Sorcerer |magazine=[[InfoWorld|Intelligent Machines Journal]] |date=1979-02-28 |issue=4 |page=3 |issn=0199-6649}}</ref>
<ref name="WTD105107">[[#Return|People's Computer Company]], [https://archive.org/details/Whattodoafteryouhitreturn/page/n105/mode/2up pp. 105–107]</ref>

<!-- GRAPHICAL -->

<ref name="SFgames">[[#Scifi|Tringham]], p. 450</ref>
<ref name="ACHmoon">{{cite web |title=Moonlander: One Giant Leap For Game Design |url=https://www.acriticalhit.com/moonlander-one-giant-leap-for-game-design |last=Willaert |first=Kate |publisher=A Critical Hit! |date=2021-04-11 |access-date=2021-05-11}}</ref>
<ref name="Katevideo">{{cite web |title=Ready Player One Was Wrong: The First Easter Eggs In Video Games |last=Willaert |first=Kate |publisher=A Critical Hit! |date=2021-04-03 |access-date=2021-04-05 |url=https://www.acriticalhit.com/ready-player-one-was-wrong-the-first-easter-eggs-in-video-games/}}</ref>
<ref name="SumerianRetro">{{cite web |url=http://www.acriticalhit.com/sumerian-game-most-important-video-game-youve-never-heard/ |title=The Sumerian Game: The Most Important Video Game You've Never Heard Of |last=Willaert |first=Kate |website=A Critical Hit |date=2019-09-09 |access-date=2019-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909200934/http://www.acriticalhit.com/sumerian-game-most-important-video-game-youve-never-heard/ |archive-date=2019-09-09 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="ipadLander">{{cite web |title=Moonlander Classic |url=https://www.148apps.com/app/588251363/ |publisher=148apps.com |date=2014-06-11 |access-date=2021-04-05}}</ref>
<ref name="Pixel">[[#Gamers|Gardner]], pp. 50–52</ref>
<ref name="TVGE">[[#Explode|Wolf]], p. 44</ref>
<ref name="IWLL">{{cite magazine |title=I Was Held Prisoner by Computer |last=Hogan |first=Thom |magazine=[[InfoWorld]] |date=1981-05-11 |volume=3 |issue=9 |page=31 |publisher=[[International Data Group]] |issn=0199-6649}}</ref>
<ref name="Byte">{{cite magazine |title=Games Catalog |magazine=[[Byte (magazine)|Byte]] |date=1982 |volume=7 |publisher=[[McGraw-Hill Education]] |issn=0360-5280}}</ref>
<ref name="Jupiter">{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/Jupiter_Lander_1982_Commodore |title=Commodore C64 Manual: Jupiter Lander (1982)(Commodore) |publisher=[[Commodore International]] |via=[[Internet Archive]] |work=Jupiter Lander manual |date=1982 |access-date=2016-10-22}}</ref>
<ref name="wood198404">{{cite magazine |url=https://archive.org/stream/Ahoy_Issue_04_1984-04_Ion_International_US#page/n33/mode/2up |title=Lunar Lander |magazine=[[Ahoy!]] |publisher=Ion International |date=April 1984 |last=Wood |first=Anthony |pages=35, 76 |issn=8750-4383}}</ref>
<ref name="analog">{{cite magazine |last=Hudon |first=Tom |title=Retrofire |magazine=[[ANALOG Computing]] |date=November 1983 |issue=14 |page=70 |url=http://analog.katorlegaz.com/analog_1983-11_120dpi_jpeg_cropped/analog_1983-11_070.html |issn=0744-9917}}</ref>
<ref name="WoS">{{cite web |title=Apollo 11 |url=http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0000223 |work=World of Spectrum |last=van der Heide |first=Martijn |access-date=2016-10-27}}</ref>
<ref name="mars">{{cite web |url=http://www.acornelectron.co.uk/ugs/acorn/ug-english/chapter004_eng.html |title=Acorn Electron User Guide (English) Chapter 4 |publisher=[[Acorn Computers]] |access-date=2016-10-22}}</ref>
<ref name="lunar_pcmag">{{cite web |url=https://www.pcmag.com/feature/369342/50-years-on-the-moon-the-evolution-of-lunar-lander-games |title=50 Years on the Moon: The Evolution of Lunar Lander Games |last=Edwards |first=Benj |website=[[PC Magazine]] |date=2019-07-03 |access-date=2019-11-22}}</ref>

<!-- RECEPTION -->

<ref name="eg198101">{{cite magazine |url=https://archive.org/stream/electronic-games-magazine-premiere/Electronic_Games_Issue_01_Vol_01_01_1981_Winter_Premiere#page/n71/mode/2up/search/sometimes+it+seems |title=Computer Playland |magazine=[[Electronic Games]] |publisher=Reese Publishing Company |date=Winter 1981 |issue=1 |page=71 |issn=0730-6687}}</ref>
<ref name="CGW">{{cite magazine |last=McGrath |first=Richard |date=May–June 1982 |title=The Eagle Has Landed |url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1982&pub=2&id=4 |magazine=[[Computer Gaming World]] |pages=34–35 |issn=0744-6667}}</ref>
<ref name="Antic">{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Antic (magazine)|Antic]] |title=Game of the Month: Lunar Lander Construction Set |last=Bisson |first=Gigi |date=March 1986 |volume=4 |issue=11 |url=http://www.atarimagazines.com/v4n11/LunarLander.html |issn=0113-1141}}</ref>
<ref name="GTTR">[[#Grand|Levene, Anderson]], p. 20</ref>
}}

==Sources==
* {{anchor|BASIC}}{{cite book |title=[[BASIC Computer Games]] |last=Ahl |first=David |author-link=David H. Ahl |edition=2nd |publisher=Workman Publishing |date=November 1978 |isbn=978-0-89480-052-8}}
* {{anchor|Best}}{{cite book |title=The Best of Creative Computing |volume=1 |editor-last=Ahl |editor-first=David |editor-link=David H. Ahl |publisher=Creative Computing Press |date=1976 |isbn=978-0-916688-01-1}}
* {{anchor|Gamers}}{{cite book |title=Gamers: Writers, Artists and Programmers on the Pleasures of Pixels |last=Gardner |first=Drew |editor-last=Compton |editor-first=Shanna |publisher=Soft Skull Press |date=2004-10-26 |isbn=978-1-932360-57-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/gamerswritersart0000unse }}
* {{anchor|Grand}}{{cite book |title=Grand Thieves & Tomb Raiders: How British Video Games Conquered the World |last1=Levene |first1=Rebecca |last2=Anderson |first2=Magnus |publisher=[[Aurum Press]] |date=2012-11-08 |isbn=978-1-78131-107-3}}
* {{anchor|Scifi}}{{cite book |title=Science Fiction Video Games |last=Tringham |first=Neal Roger |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |date=2014-09-10 |isbn=978-1-4822-0388-2}}
* {{anchor|Explode}}{{cite book |title=The Video Game Explosion: A History from PONG to PlayStation and Beyond |last=Wolf |first=Mark J. P. |date=2007-11-30 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |isbn=978-0-313-33868-7}}
* {{anchor|Return}}{{cite book |title=What to Do After You Hit Return: or P.C.C.'s First Book of Computer Games |publisher=Nowels Publications |author=People's Computer Company |date=1975 |isbn=<!-- Inside cover has 415-326-5580, which is invalid --> |author-link=People's Computer Company |url=https://archive.org/details/Whattodoafteryouhitreturn/page/n1/mode/2up}}

==External links==
* [https://lunar69.uber.space Lunar Lander Simulator] Recoding of Jim Storer's Lunar Landing Game from 1969
* [http://atariarchives.org/basicgames/showpage.php?page=106 Text game source code] in ''BASIC Computer Games'' (1978)
* [https://www.webcitation.org/6DyVpOnis?url=http://www.atari.com/arcade/lunarlander/play#!/arcade/lunarlander/play Official online version] of Atari's ''Lunar Lander'' arcade game
*{{KLOV game|id=8465|name=Lunar Lander}}
* [http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/retrocomputing/dec/gt40/software/moonlander/gtlem.mac Source code] (in [[MACRO-11]]) of [[DEC GT40|GT40]] ''Moonlander'', February 1973, and [http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/retrocomputing/dec/gt40/software/moonlander/rtlem.mac port] to [[RT-11]] by Al Kossow, January 1980.
{{Authority control}}

{{Early history of video games}}

[[Category:1969 video games]]
[[Category:1973 video games]]
[[Category:1979 video games]]
[[Category:Apple II games]]
[[Category:Arcade video games]]
[[Category:Atari 8-bit family games]]
[[Category:CP/M games]]
[[Category:Commodore 64 games]]
[[Category:Game Boy games]]
[[Category:Mainframe games]]
[[Category:Mobile games]]
[[Category:Public-domain software with source code]]
[[Category:Space flight simulator games]]
[[Category:Video games developed in the United States]]
[[Category:Video games set on the Moon]]
[[Category:Video games with textual graphics]]
[[Category:Science fiction video games]]

Latest revision as of 20:55, 17 May 2024

WP:COPYARTICLE, old split proposal discussed at Talk:Lunar_Lander_(video_game_genre)#Split_proposal without support

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